英语同源形容词的区别

英语同源形容词的区别赵宝斌在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错，下面笔者对这类形容词做一总结。

1)historic: famous in history, 历史上著名的 associated with past times 与过去时代有关的a ~ event/speech/spothistorical: belong to history 历史上的a ~ people/novel/play/film/painting~ trend2) electric: worked by, changed with， producing electricity 用电的，带电的, 有电的~ current/cableelectrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity~ engineering/apparatus3) economic: of economics~ policy/geography/crisis/cropseconomical: careful in the spending of money and time, not waste 经济的，节俭的an ~ housewife/store4) industrial: of industries 工业的the ~ revolution/products/systemindustrious: hard-working, diligent~ people5) considerable: great much 相当多（大）的a ~ income/distanceconsiderate: thoughtful 体谅的，体贴的周到的She is ~ to others.6) sensible: reasonable, having good sense 实用的，明知的a ~ woman/idea/ 豁达的妇女/明知的观点~ clothes 实用的衣服sensitive: quick to receive impression 敏感的a ~ skin~ paper 感光纸7) continual: going on all the time without stopping or with only short breaks, stop and go repeatedly, 连续的，断断续续的~ rain/noisecontinuous: going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow 连续不断的~ fight/work8) intense: high in degree 强烈的，剧烈的，高度的~ heat炽热/painan ~ lady 热情的女子intensive: deep and thorough 精深的，集中的~ reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业9） respectable: deserving respect, 值得尊敬的，有名望的a ~ man/professionrespectful: showing respect 尊敬人的，有礼貌的，He is always ~to the elders.respective: belongs to each of these 分别的，各自的They sat on their ~ chairs.10) imaginable: that can be imagined 可象想的~ difficultiesimaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的，不真实的~ figureimaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的，运用想象力的a ~ writer11) intelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的, 聪明的an ~ looking girl ~ answerintelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了解的, 易领悟的 an ~ speech/explanationintellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的, 智力的12) contemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的a ~ liecontemptuous: showing contempt 表示轻视的a ~ look13) credible: that can be believed 可信的，可靠的a ~ witnesscredulous: too ready to believe things. 轻易相信的，易上当的 He always cheats ~ people.creditable: that brings credit. 可称赞的a ~ record/deed/effort14) alternate: changing by turns 轮流的，交替的alternative: giving a choice between two things 选择的，两者选一的15) comparable 可比较的，有类似之处的comparative 比较而言的，相当的There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.He lived in comparative comfort recently.16) politic 精明的political 政治的17) beneficial 有益的beneficent 多多行善的18) official 官方的officious 多管闲事的19) potent 强有力的potential 潜在的，可能的20) confident 有信心的，自信的confidential 机密的21) negligent 忽视的，粗心大意的negligible 可忽视的22) momentary 瞬时的，短时的momentous 重大的23) memorable 值得记忆的，不能忘却的memorial 纪念的24) social 社会的sociable 善社交的25) childish 幼稚的childlike 孩子般的26) distinct: clear 明显的，清晰的distinctive: characteristic 独特的，有区别的27) classic 一流的classical 古典的28) comprehensible 可理解的comprehensive 全面的，综合的29) disinterested 公平的uninterested 冷淡的30) earthly 人间的，尘世的earthy 泥土似的31) effective 有效的efficient 有效率的effectual 奏效的32) exceptionable 反对的exceptional 非凡的33) fatal 致命的fateful 决定性的34) fleshly 肉体的fleshy 肥胖的35) homely 家常的homelike 象家的36) im(un)practical 不切合实际的impracticable 无法使用的37) ingenious 有独创性的ingenuous 直率的，天真的38) manly 男人气派的male 男的masculine 男性的39) movable 可移动的，变动的mobile 可动的，活动地40) mysterious 神秘的mystical 奥妙的41) notable 著名的（指事）noted 著名的（指人）42) Practical 实际的practicable 可行的，通行的43) regretful 遗憾的 (指人）regrettable 遗憾的（指事）44) seasonable 及时的seasonal 季节的45) spiritual 精神的spirituous 酒精的46) tortuous 弯曲的torturous 受刑的47) transitory 短时间的（指事）transient 瞬时的（指人）48) elementary 基本的elemental 自然的49) healthy 健康的healthful 有易于健康的50) likely 可能的likable 可爱的51) desirable 合意的desirous 渴望的52)clean 干净的cleanly 有干净习惯的 Are cats cleanly animals?53) kind 慈善地kindly 友好的，亲切的54) temporal 一时的, 暂时的, 世俗的temporary 暂时的, 临时的英语同源副词的区别赵宝斌在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式，它们在用法上有些可以互换，有些是有区别，下面笔者对这类词做一总结。

一般地说，可以互换的这类词，形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念，经常用语口语中，不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词，表示比较抽象的概念，有引申义，并有一定感情色彩，变副词比较级时，用此类副词，如修饰动词和分词，放在它们前面。

1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sellDo you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.cheaply I can't sell you more cheaply.2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away outI ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall. 3) clear: not touchingPlease stand clear of the gate.clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clearI can't see ~ without my glasses.We ~need to think again.4) close: nearCome close, I want to tell you something.closely: carefully, with great attentionStudy this ~ it's very important.5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions~ right, ~ sure, ` tired, ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight deadly: fatallyHe was ~ injured in the crash.6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetablesThe plane goes ~ from London to Houston.7) easy: used in certain expressionsTake it easy. easy come, easy go.Easier said than done.easily I can do very easily.8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~fairly: justly, honestlyYou must do it ~.9) fine: well, used in some expressionsThat suits me fine. You are doing ~.finely: elaborately (细微地） (not commonly used He studied it very finely.10) free: without paymentYou can't eat ~ in my restaurant.freely: without limit or restriction(限制）You can't speak ~ in front of my father. 11) hard: to show degreeHe hit hard.hardly: almost not12) high it refers to high position.Don't go higher. It is dangerous.highly: it refers to an extreme degree "very much".She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.13) just: a moment ago I have just come here. justly: in accordance with justice or the law.You must do it justly.14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.lately: recently I haven't heard from you lately.15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laughloudly: in a big voice They quarreled ~.16) low: in a small voiceCan you speak low?lowly: in a humble wayDon't speak to him lowly.17) most: very Which do you like most?mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases18) pretty: rather ~ well, ~ soonprettily: pleasing to people (悦人地）He danced ~.19) quick: in informal English used instead of quicklyquickly He acted ~.20) real in informal English used instead of reallyreally Are you ~ tell me the truth.21) right: just, exactly, all the wayThe ball hit me ~ in the nose.He arrived ~ after breakfast.Turn right at the traffic lights.rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly You guessed right(ly)22) sharp: punctually 准时地He arrived at six o'clock ~.sharply: 锐利地，急剧地look ~ speak ~23) short: suddenlyThe car stopped suddenly.shortly: soon He will come shortly.24) slow used in informal conversation instead of slowlygo ~, drive ~25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression sound asleepsoundly: 非常好地 He is sleeping soundly.26) straight and straightly used in the same way.27) sure: used in American English meaning certainlysurely: He speaks very surely.28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.hold ~, pack ~. The door was shut ~.tightly: We'd better sit tightly.29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.widely: in many different placesHe has traveled widely.30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.You guessed wrong(ly)容易混淆拼错的英语词赵宝斌在英语中，有些单词的拼法很相似，容易混淆，下面笔者总结了这类的词。