商务英语阅读教程 2003
2003考研英语阅读3
2003 Text 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other,merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of merger s is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reduction s and better coordinate d service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shipper s complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduce s everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiter s of who winsand who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortune s, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51. According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination[C] outside competitor s will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat52. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.53. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54. The word "arbiters" (line 7, paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.[A] who work as coordinator s[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking market重点词汇：merge /mE:dV/（v.合并）比emerge（v.出现；形成）少首字母e，merger/5mE:dVE/（n.合并）←merge+r名词后缀。
新编商务英语阅读教程(第二版)参考答案
《《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案》来自南京廖华在线阅读本文：《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。
宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。
在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。
对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。
微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。
在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。
我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。
他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。
很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。
相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。
宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。
宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。
而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。
了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。
在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。
因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。
但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。
商务英语阅读教程3
商务英语阅读教程3Business English Reading Course 3Unit 1: Sustainable Business PracticesIn today's global business landscape, sustainable business practices have become increasingly important. With growing environmental concerns and a greater emphasis on corporate social responsibility, companies are recognizing the need to adopt sustainable strategies. In this unit, we will explore some key concepts and examples of sustainable business practices.1. Definition of Sustainable Business PracticesSustainable business practices refer to strategies and actions taken by companies to minimize their negative impact on the environment and society, while also maximizing their long-term profitability. These practices aim to balance economic growth with social and environmental responsibility.2. Benefits of Sustainable Business PracticesBusinesses that adopt sustainable practices can enjoy several benefits. Firstly, they can enhance their reputation and brand image, as consumers are increasingly favoring companies that are environmentally and socially responsible. Secondly, sustainable practices can lead to cost savings through energy efficiency and waste reduction. Finally, these practices can help businesses comply with environmental regulations and mitigate the risk of legal issues.3. Examples of Sustainable Business Practicesa) Renewable Energy: Many companies are investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. By generating their own clean energy, they can lower their carbon footprint and decrease their energy costs.b) Waste Management: Implementing effective waste management systems can help companies reduce their environmental impact. This includes recycling, composting, and responsibly disposing of waste materials. Some companies even turn waste into a resource through initiatives like upcycling or converting it into biofuel.c) Supply Chain Management: Sustainable businesses prioritize suppliers who follow ethical and sustainable practices. Through careful selection and regular monitoring, they ensure that their supply chain is free from unethical labor practices or unsustainable sourcing. This enables businesses to minimize their social and environmental impact throughout their entire value chain.d) Stakeholder Engagement: Companies engage with their stakeholders, including employees, customers, and local communities, to foster positive relationships and address their concerns. This can involve community outreach programs, collaborative partnerships, and open dialogue to gain valuable feedback and ensure a sustainable business model.4. Case Study: PatagoniaPatagonia, an outdoor clothing and gear company, is renowned for its commitment to sustainability. They have implemented various sustainable business practices, including:- Product Lifecycle: Patagonia encourages customers to repair their items instead of buying new ones through their "Worn Wear" initiative. They also provide free repair guides to extend the lifecycle of their products.- Transparency: Patagonia publishes information about their supply chain, including the factories where their garments are produced. This allows customers to make informed decisions about their purchases.- Environmental Activism: The company actively supports environmental causes and campaigns for the protection of natural resources. They donate a portion of their sales to grassroots environmental organizations.Through these actions, Patagonia has built a strong brand image as a socially and environmentally responsible company, attracting customers who align with their values and commitment to sustainability.Overall, sustainable business practices are not only beneficial for the environment and society but also contribute to a company's long-term success. As companies increasingly recognize the importance of sustainability, incorporating these practices into their operations will become crucial for their competitiveness and growth.。
商务英语阅读教程Unit 1
1 All organizations create products for customers. Thus all organizations have a number of similarities that relate to the activities necessary to create goods and services. It is the role of production and operation management to acquire the necessary resources to create that product, to plan the specific steps through which those resources must pass to become a finished product and to make sure the product conforms to the standards of appearance, performance and reliability. conform, 使一致，使遵守
D. international trade _______________________
1-1
Unit Introduction
8. tell you exactly what you need to do to meet the ISO 9001∶2000 Quality Management Standard.
1-1
Unit Introduction
Check that you understand the following
professional words or expressions. Most of them are common when they are introduced in general English. But they would have particular meanings when they are used to describe production and operation
2003年考研英语阅读第二篇
2003年考研英语阅读第二篇The second passage in the 2003 postgraduate entrance exam for English reading comprehension test discusses the impactof globalization on traditional cultures. The passage argues that while globalization has brought about economic development and technological advancements, it has also threatened the survival of traditional cultures.Globalization is seen as a force that homogenizes cultures, leading to the loss of unique traditions, languages, and customs. As local economies become integrated into the global market, traditional industries and practices are often replaced by modern, standardized methods. This can result in the marginalization of indigenous communities and the erosion of their cultural identities.Moreover, the spread of Western consumer culture through globalization has led to the dominance of Western values andlifestyles at the expense of local traditions. This has been particularly evident in the entertainment industry, where Hollywood movies and Western music have become more popular than local cultural productions.The passage also highlights the role of technology in accelerating the impact of globalization on traditional cultures. The Internet and social media platforms have facilitated the dissemination of Western media and ideas, further influencing the cultural preferences of people around the world. As a result, many traditional practices andbeliefs are at risk of being lost or forgotten.In conclusion, the passage suggests that while globalization has created opportunities for economic growth and technological progress, it has also posed challenges to the preservation of traditional cultures. It calls for greater efforts to protect and celebrate the diversity of global cultures in the face of increasing homogenization.。
商务英语阅读(第1册)第二版 Unit 4 Employees
Words and Expressions
empower v. to give sb. the power or authority to do sth. 授权 (CET-6)
The courts were empowered to impose the death sentence for certain crimes.
Words and Expressions
candid adj. saying what you think openly and honestly; not hiding your thoughts 坦率的；坦诚的 (TEM-8)
Natalie is candid about the problems she is having with Steve.
Learning Objectives
1
Explore the features of a good manager.
2 Understand how managers exert influence on their employees.
3
Explore the enlightened approach to developing the workforce
The process can be painful but it leads to greater selfawareness.
Words and Expressions
hallmark n. a feature or quality that is typical of sb./sth. 特征；特点 (TEM-8)
Words and Expressions
hijack v. to take over sth. and use it for a different purpose 强行接管（而移作他用）(CET-4) The organization had been hijacked by extremists.
商务英语阅读教程3 课后翻译
Unit 1Text A1. 经过数月在网上搜寻并研究西北大学和仔细询问到访过西北大学的朋友、老师和咨询顾问,玛克辛最终希望自己能被西北大学录取。
2. 对于像玛克辛一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说,他们会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。
考入一所知名院校的机会从未如此渺茫。
3. 但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题,尤其是为数不多的每年有能力支付4 万美金费用的那部分申请者。
Text B1. 20 世纪80 年代和90 年代初期,私立中学的毕业生一生的预期收入比公立中学的普通毕业生多35%,研究人员发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所接受的教育,而非他们的背景。
2. 研究人员也尽量精确地描述私立中学施展魔力的办法:凭借更优秀的考试成绩,而不是凭借关系网带来的各种机会或者质量更高的诸如礼仪或领导方法等软技巧的教学。
3. 一位知情人士认为如下的操作不太可能:许多父母通过再抵押贷款来支付学费,但由于不稳定的房价和银行日益紧缩的信贷条件,这条路很快就走不通了。
Unit 2Text A1. 随着金砖四国(巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国)以及其他新兴市场的经济影响力和自信不断增强,发展重点方面的差异一定会变得越来越重要。
2. 非政府组织试图提高贫困人民的生活水平,公司则渴望赢得具有巨大增长潜力的市场中的消费者,非政府组织和公司之间存在着利益趋同现象。
3. 要签署加入《联合国全球契约》,公司只需承诺履行十大主要准则，例如提高环保的责任意识,反对腐败,并且每年汇报一次他们所取得的进展。
Text B1. 在为数不多的出类拔萃、堪称日本企业典范的跨国公司中，索尼一直居于领导者的地位，从特丽珑电视到索尼随身听，这些产品的成功代表了电子消费品的品质，但这个品牌正随着过去成功势头的消退而日渐衰落。
2. 出井伸之提前一年离职的决定表明公司可能比预想的还要糟糕，而他定下的 2007 年利润恢复至 10%的目标更是遥不可及。
3. 年复一年，扩张造成了行动缓慢的大型化趋向，并且索尼公司也成了日本企业界停滞不前的案例。
商务英语阅读(第三版)Chapter 2products and pricing
Armed with long-term metrics, firms and analysts can assume a longer-term perspective on the brand, leading to improved profitability.
Short-term decreases reflect the time it takes for consumers to acclimate to the price changes and respond to the advertising. Without long-term brand-health measures, the analyst may have come to a misleading conclusion about the value of the brand.
real-time (para. 6) adj. technical a real-time computer system deals with information as fast as it receives it 〔某个过程或事件发生的〕实际 时间，实时
Do you agree that a short-term orientation may erode a brand’s ability to compete in the marketplace? Why (or why not)?
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Unit 1
Text A: The New International Style of Management Jennifer 2014-09
Warm-up questions
1.Can you mention some of the multinational companies in China?
2.Do you want to be a member of these multinational companies? Why?
3.What are the differences between these multinational companies and the local companies in China?
Reading Skills: Introduce the Basic Information
Three questions: 1.Why should we do Business English Reading? 2.What does Business English Reading mainly deals with? 3.How can we do the Business English Reading effectively?
Text Analysis
Questions 1.What is the new international style of management? 2.If you were Andy Klump, how would you handle your one-on-one assessment of your boss?
3.What is the common ground of the multinational companies?
4.What is the entrepreneurial cultures according to Rohit?
5.According to the last part of the passage, what does a multinational company do?
6.According to the last part of the passage, what does globalization do?
Notes on the Text
1. transnational road warriors：此处指从事跨国商务活动的人。
road warrior：飞车勇士。
2. ... say Harvard Business School faculty and alumni. alumni: alumnus （男校友）的复数形式。
女校友的单数形式是alumna，而复数形式是
alumnae。
alumni可兼指男女校友，如：Harvard Alumni Association哈佛大学校友会。
3. On the other hand, beneath a deceptive veneer of familiarity, culture gulfs often remain hidden. 另一方面，在看似通晓的外表之下往往隐藏着文化鸿沟。
4. ... they share an expectation that differences will be set aside in order to advance with common purpose toward a larger goal-getting the task at hand done right. ……
他们有一个共同的希望，为了实现一个更大的目标——圆满完成当前的任务，不妨把各种差异搁置一边。
set aside：搁置，放在一边。
5. The integration of the global economy is such that no one anywhere is insulate. 经济一体化达到了这种程度，使世界各地没有人与世隔绝。
such that ...：如此…。
如：Their anxiety was such that they could not sleep．他们如此焦虑，难以入睡。
Translation
1.我对中国文化有足够了解，我知道人们当众对抗是罕见的，所以我想和我的老板单独交谈。
2.克朗普的经历向人们昭示，在个人层面上，全球化与跨文化管理会是多么错综复杂。
3.因此，虽然法国、德国和日本的普通公司看起来各不相同，但是这些国家表现最佳的跨国公司却显得非常相似。
4.以客户为本的承诺往往深入整个机构。
Homework
1. If each country’s business had a national style or personality, what wo uld the Chinese business personality be? Discuss how business in China typically operates.
2.
Discuss the last time you had to strike a balance in order to reach an agreement about something? 3. Report on the similarities and differences in management of the mult
inationals (IKEA, TESCO, Walmart, P&G, etc.) in China. 4. Read Text B
Text B: New Thinking for Successful Entrepreneurs
Structure Introduction: Deternining what success means to you is a crucial element in early stages of new venture planning. Body: 1.Defining success through personal evaluation 2.Success can be measured through our personal values
3.Visioning and goal setting for business success Conclusion: The 4 shared personality traits of the extraordinarily successful companies.
Questions
1.What are the three crucial components for a successful new venture?
2.What are the three ways we usually use to measure success?
3.Why does the author say “How we define success significantly influences our selection of a business to start.”?
4.What is vision and what is goal-setting? What is the relationship between them?
5.What are the features of goal?
6.What are the first stages of new venture planning?
Note on the Text
1. Enrolling in college is one step toward fulfilling our vision of the future．进入大学是完成将来梦想的第一步。
enroll in：登记入学，入伍，入会等。
如：It's too late to enroll in that class．现在报名进那个班太晚了。
2. Goal-setting involves developing a list of things you would like to achieve in your personal or professional lives-your goals．设立目标包括列出一些你在个人生活和职业生活中想要完成的事情——即你的目标。
3. Understanding what success means to you
and the level of success you are willing to accept in life is one of the first stages of new venture planning．理解成功对你的意义和生活中你想获得的成功水平是计划新事业的第一步。
Translation
1.事实是：我们常常意识不到身边的企业家，比如：角落杂货铺的老板、在我们小区开了间诊所的家庭医生或是送早报的年轻人。
2.很多人花在计划家庭假期上的时间比花在计划新生意上的时间更多。
3.你认为的成功和别人认为的成功有可能不一样。
4.设立目标包括列出一些你在个人生活和职业生活中想要完成的事情——即你的目标。
5.理解成功对你的意义和生活中你想获得的成功水平是计划新事业的第一步。
Homework
1.Summarize the main idea of the the Supplementary Reading on P9 with no more than 50 words.
2.Finish P10 Part V Test Yourself。