大城市病(英文PPT)
合集下载
地方病 ppt课件
21
（二）临床表现 大多数地方性甲状腺肿病人起病缓慢， 早期仅见甲状腺轻度肿大，多为弥漫性，一 般无明显症状。当甲状腺肿大到一定程度时， 压迫气管和食道可引起呼吸困难和吞咽困难。 肿大的甲状腺压迫喉返神经，可出现声音嘶 哑、痉挛性பைடு நூலகம்嗽等刺激性症状。
22
（三）诊断标准 ▲
我国现行地甲病的诊断标准如下： 1.生活于碘缺乏区（水碘低于10μg／L，尿 碘 低 于 100 μg ／ L ） ； 高 碘 地 区 （ 水 碘 高 于 300μg／L，尿碘高于800 μg／L）；或存在致 甲状腺肿大物质之地区。
地区分布 ：除冰岛外，IDD在世界各国都有不同 程度的流行。主要分布于欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉两侧 国家，北美洲五大湖盆地，南美洲安第斯山脉， 非洲刚果河流域，亚洲喜马拉雅山地区，大洋洲 巴布亚新几内亚一带。最主要的国家有孟加拉、 巴西、中国、印度、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、尼 日利亚和俄罗斯，这8个国家占全世界缺碘人口的 54％。一般来说，碘缺乏的表现为山区重于丘陵、 丘陵重于平原、内陆重于沿海。
14
碘缺乏病的主要病因及发病机制
1．营养因素 IDD的发生与不合理的膳食有密切关 系，如低蛋白、低热量的膳食可影响肠道对碘的吸 收，以及甲状腺对碘的吸收和转化。有人发现，某 些病区居民膳食中维生素A、C、B12不足可促使甲 状腺肿发生，这可能是因为维生素是氧化还原酶的 重要组成成分，维生素不足影响了甲状腺激素合成 过程中一系列氧化还原过程。因此，从某种意义讲 IDD是以碘缺乏为主的多种营养素缺乏症。
17
碘缺乏的病因
4. 环境污染物 重金属：铅、汞、铬、锰等 有机氯农药：六六六、DDT PCB 硝酸盐
18
临床表现
地方性甲状腺肿（endemic goiter），简称 地甲病，其主要症状是甲状腺肿大。
（二）临床表现 大多数地方性甲状腺肿病人起病缓慢， 早期仅见甲状腺轻度肿大，多为弥漫性，一 般无明显症状。当甲状腺肿大到一定程度时， 压迫气管和食道可引起呼吸困难和吞咽困难。 肿大的甲状腺压迫喉返神经，可出现声音嘶 哑、痉挛性பைடு நூலகம்嗽等刺激性症状。
22
（三）诊断标准 ▲
我国现行地甲病的诊断标准如下： 1.生活于碘缺乏区（水碘低于10μg／L，尿 碘 低 于 100 μg ／ L ） ； 高 碘 地 区 （ 水 碘 高 于 300μg／L，尿碘高于800 μg／L）；或存在致 甲状腺肿大物质之地区。
地区分布 ：除冰岛外，IDD在世界各国都有不同 程度的流行。主要分布于欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉两侧 国家，北美洲五大湖盆地，南美洲安第斯山脉， 非洲刚果河流域，亚洲喜马拉雅山地区，大洋洲 巴布亚新几内亚一带。最主要的国家有孟加拉、 巴西、中国、印度、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、尼 日利亚和俄罗斯，这8个国家占全世界缺碘人口的 54％。一般来说，碘缺乏的表现为山区重于丘陵、 丘陵重于平原、内陆重于沿海。
14
碘缺乏病的主要病因及发病机制
1．营养因素 IDD的发生与不合理的膳食有密切关 系，如低蛋白、低热量的膳食可影响肠道对碘的吸 收，以及甲状腺对碘的吸收和转化。有人发现，某 些病区居民膳食中维生素A、C、B12不足可促使甲 状腺肿发生，这可能是因为维生素是氧化还原酶的 重要组成成分，维生素不足影响了甲状腺激素合成 过程中一系列氧化还原过程。因此，从某种意义讲 IDD是以碘缺乏为主的多种营养素缺乏症。
17
碘缺乏的病因
4. 环境污染物 重金属：铅、汞、铬、锰等 有机氯农药：六六六、DDT PCB 硝酸盐
18
临床表现
地方性甲状腺肿（endemic goiter），简称 地甲病，其主要症状是甲状腺肿大。
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
How far are the two cities?
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Look and learn
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from Beijing by train ?
Look and say
Shanghai is a great city too.
the Oriental Pearl TV Tower
Great cities of the..
the Bund
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Watch and enjoy
教师可以搜索并增加一段介绍上海的视频。
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Read and say
What do you know about Shanghai?
➢ Where is Shanghai? ➢ What can we see in Shanghai? ➢ What can we eat in Shanghai?
Beijing
Shanghai
It takes about five hours.
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Read and underline
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Look and learn
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from Beijing by train ?
Look and say
Shanghai is a great city too.
the Oriental Pearl TV Tower
Great cities of the..
the Bund
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Watch and enjoy
教师可以搜索并增加一段介绍上海的视频。
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Read and say
What do you know about Shanghai?
➢ Where is Shanghai? ➢ What can we see in Shanghai? ➢ What can we eat in Shanghai?
Beijing
Shanghai
It takes about five hours.
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
Read and underline
Great cities of the world-PPT【教学课件】
城市病 英文
International Case Studies
London's Congestion Charge London implemented a Congestion charge in the city center, which has led to a reduction in traffic and improved air quality Singapore's Electronic Road Pricing Singapore uses electronic road pricing to manage traffic congestion by charging a fee for driving on central roads during peak hours Bogot á's TransMilenio Bogot á, Colombia, has implemented a successful bus rapid transit system called TransMilenio, which has significantly improved public transport and reduced traffic congestion in the city
02
Traffic Congestion in Cities
Causes of Traffic Congestion
Rapid urbanization and population growth
As cities expand and populations increase, the demand for transportation infrastructure often exceeds supply
高一英语metropolises课件
revision before exams.
Do you expect it to be fine tomorrow? Yes, I expect so. No, I don’t expect so / expect not. expect/think/believe/suppose 否定前置 I don’t expect to see you here. I don’t think it’s true. You don’t suppose he will come, do you? I don’t believe she has arrived yet, has she? expectation n. Great Expectations
Traditional techniques have gone through many changes in the past fifty years.
Most of them went through World War II. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 The country has gone through too many
times.
continue vt./ vi. 继续
continue to do/ doing sth.
We continue to work until five o’clock.
continue + n. continue my study
continue + adj. The weather continued fine. continual 连续的，动作有间断（常指不愉快或不
wars.
sight n.
1 景象 a horrible sight 2 名胜 风景 go sightseeing 观光 3 看见，瞥见 I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd. He felt sick at the sight of blood. 4 视野 in (within) sight / out of sight
Do you expect it to be fine tomorrow? Yes, I expect so. No, I don’t expect so / expect not. expect/think/believe/suppose 否定前置 I don’t expect to see you here. I don’t think it’s true. You don’t suppose he will come, do you? I don’t believe she has arrived yet, has she? expectation n. Great Expectations
Traditional techniques have gone through many changes in the past fifty years.
Most of them went through World War II. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 The country has gone through too many
times.
continue vt./ vi. 继续
continue to do/ doing sth.
We continue to work until five o’clock.
continue + n. continue my study
continue + adj. The weather continued fine. continual 连续的，动作有间断（常指不愉快或不
wars.
sight n.
1 景象 a horrible sight 2 名胜 风景 go sightseeing 观光 3 看见，瞥见 I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd. He felt sick at the sight of blood. 4 视野 in (within) sight / out of sight
大城市病(英文)
3
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Population Expansion Urban Space Sprawl
➢ Comparing 2017 with 1978, the total population and built-up area of Beijing has increased about 2.5 and 4.4 times, respectively. The urban space sprawl in the form of spread cake.
4
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Traffic Jam
➢ Traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Many people have to spend lots of time in going to work and coming back from work.
7
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Resource Shortage
➢ In order to supply the land and water resources needed for urban expansion, more arable land and ecological land are occupied, Water resources also need to be acquired through South-North Water Transfer Project.
6
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Population Expansion Urban Space Sprawl
➢ Comparing 2017 with 1978, the total population and built-up area of Beijing has increased about 2.5 and 4.4 times, respectively. The urban space sprawl in the form of spread cake.
4
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Traffic Jam
➢ Traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Many people have to spend lots of time in going to work and coming back from work.
7
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Resource Shortage
➢ In order to supply the land and water resources needed for urban expansion, more arable land and ecological land are occupied, Water resources also need to be acquired through South-North Water Transfer Project.
6
城市病City disease
NO.1 NO.2 NO.3 NO.4 NO.5 Mumbai(孟买) India
Kolkata(加尔各答) India Karachi（卡拉奇） Pakistan Lagos（拉各斯） Shengzhen Nigeria China China China
NO.10 Shanghai NO.12 Beijing
Slu mdog(贫民窟)
Migrant workers （农民工）
高 富 帅
city’s functions
Economic function Living function
overemphasized
ignored
It’s time to : Heal the city Make it a better place For you and for me And for the entire human race
Page 11
Problems in big citi ▣ T ra ffic ja m ▣ P o llu tio n ▣ H o u s in g ▣ M e d ic a l ca r e ▣ W e a lth g a p
Page 2
1.T ra ffic ja m
Top 5 most crowded cities
W h ic h o n e d o yo u p re fe r?
2.pollution
3.housing
N o hous e ,n o m a rry !
to o p o o r to liv e And to o p o o r to d ie
(活不起，死不起)
4.M e dica l ca re
Waiting for treatment is more painful than being sick
Kolkata(加尔各答) India Karachi（卡拉奇） Pakistan Lagos（拉各斯） Shengzhen Nigeria China China China
NO.10 Shanghai NO.12 Beijing
Slu mdog(贫民窟)
Migrant workers （农民工）
高 富 帅
city’s functions
Economic function Living function
overemphasized
ignored
It’s time to : Heal the city Make it a better place For you and for me And for the entire human race
Page 11
Problems in big citi ▣ T ra ffic ja m ▣ P o llu tio n ▣ H o u s in g ▣ M e d ic a l ca r e ▣ W e a lth g a p
Page 2
1.T ra ffic ja m
Top 5 most crowded cities
W h ic h o n e d o yo u p re fe r?
2.pollution
3.housing
N o hous e ,n o m a rry !
to o p o o r to liv e And to o p o o r to d ie
(活不起，死不起)
4.M e dica l ca re
Waiting for treatment is more painful than being sick
《Was it a big city then》PPT优秀课件
Were they young? Yes,they were.
summary
单词： strong 强壮的 village 村庄
询问某人在哪里： Where+be动词+主语？
exercise
1._B__ are your parents?
---They are in NewYork. A. What. B.Where. C. When.
1 . 在 熊 猫 办 公 出 售 的 PPT 模 板是 免 版税 类 （R F ： Ro yal ty-F re e ）正 版 受《 中 国人 民 共 和国 著 作法 》 和《 世 界版 权 公约 》 的保 护 ，作 品 的 所 有 权 、 版 权 和 著 作权 归 熊猫 办 公所 有 ，您 下 载的 是 PPT 模 板素 材 的使 用 权。 2 . 不 得 将 熊 猫 办 公 的 PPT 模 板、 PPT 素 材 ，本 身 用于 再 出售 ， 或者 出 租、 出 借、 转 让、 分 销、 发 布或 者 作为 礼 物供 他 人使 用 ，不 得 转授 权、出卖、转让本协议或者本协议中的权利。
A
vocabulary
B teቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱt
C summary D practice
vocabulary
strong 强壮的
例： Exercise can make me strong. 锻炼可以让我变得强壮。
village 村庄
例： It was a small village ten years ago. 十年前它还是个小村庄。
2.Was he naughty?
---_C__.
A. Yes,it was. B. Yes,he wasn’t. C. No,he wasn’t.
大城病英文PPT
Big City Disease
Name ：XXX Major: Human Geography Institution ：XXX
TS
01 Symptoms
CONTEN
02 Case City-Beijing
1.The Symptoms of the Big City Disease
Air Pollution
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
? Expensive House Prices
? The Limited construction land resources make the house prices is extremely expensive in Beijing , most people can not afford one with their whole life salary
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
? Air Pollution
? The fog and haze is surrounding Beijing, people have to put on breathing mask if they go outside.
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
? Traffic Jam
? Traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Many people have to spend lots of time in going to work and coming back from work.
Name ：XXX Major: Human Geography Institution ：XXX
TS
01 Symptoms
CONTEN
02 Case City-Beijing
1.The Symptoms of the Big City Disease
Air Pollution
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
? Expensive House Prices
? The Limited construction land resources make the house prices is extremely expensive in Beijing , most people can not afford one with their whole life salary
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
? Air Pollution
? The fog and haze is surrounding Beijing, people have to put on breathing mask if they go outside.
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
? Traffic Jam
? Traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Many people have to spend lots of time in going to work and coming back from work.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Expensive House Prices
The Limited construction land resources make the house prices is extremely expensive in Beijing , most people can not afford one with their whole life salary
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Population Expansion Urban Space Sprawl
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1978 2017 871 800 400 0 1978 2017 324
北京市年末人口（万人）
Big City Disease
Name：XXX Major: Human Geography Institution：XXX
CONTENTS
01
02
Symptoms Case Symptoms of the Big City Disease
Population Expansion
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Air Pollution
The fog and haze is surrounding Beijing, people have to put on breathing mask if they go outside.
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Resource Shortage
In order to supply the land and water resources needed for urban expansion, more arable land and ecological land are occupied, Water resources also need to be acquired through South-North Water Transfer Project.
Air Pollution
Traffic Jam
Big City Disease
Urban Space Sprawl Expensive House Prices Resource Shortage
There are more jobs, higher incomes, and better social services in big city than small city and countryside. So more and more people is flooding into big city in the process of urbanization. this has led to a series of unsustainable problems in the process of urban development.
2170 1600 1200
北京市建成区面积（平方公里）
1401
Comparing 2017 with 1978, the total population and built-up area of Beijing has increased about 2.5 and 4.4 times, respectively. The urban space sprawl in the form of spread cake.
2. The Case of Big City Disease—Beijing
Traffic Jam
Traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Many people have to spend lots of time in going to work and coming back from work.
That’s all for today. Thank you for listening! Do you have any questions?