2014考研英语阅读全文翻译
2014年考研英语真题答案及解析

Section I Use of English
一、文章题材结构分析
本文介绍了“人们可以通过锻炼大脑来提高智力并防止脑力衰老”。文章第一段介绍了脑力衰老会对人们
正常生活产生影响。第二段介绍了神经学家们的研究结果,表明脑力不是无法改变的,人们可以通过努力和训
可能的结果,而下文分析的不是假设性的结果,选项 D 引导因果关系,因此选项 BCD 均可排除。
12.[A] instead of 而不是;代替
[B] regardless of 不管,忽视
[C] apart from 除了……之外(还有)
[D] according to 根据,依据
【答案】D
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词短语辨析
【解析】上文提到了人们可以通过努力和锻炼来提高智力,本段首句介绍一个公司开发了一套程序,这套程序
可帮助提高脑力方面的能力。由此可知,本段是对上文的补充说明,是“a lot can be done”的进一步发展,而
Take a step further 表示“进一步采取措施”因此,选项 B 为正确答案。Take a step back 向后退一步,take a step
[B] limited 有限的
[C] damaging 破坏性的
[D] obscure 晦涩的,不清楚的
【答案】C
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+词义辨析
【解析】在上一题的分析中可以看出,这个句子前后是转折的关系,前面说“看似简单”,后面是“有潜在的
影响”,下文中又开始介绍解决方法,因此这里的空格处一定是与 innocent 意思相反的词。比较四个选项,可
【解析】前文提到脑力的下降导致人们会忘记很多事情,这说明脑力变得迟钝,现在有公司开发了一套程序帮
2014年考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2014考研英语真题译文

2014考研英语真题译文2014年考研英语真题 Reading Comprehension Section AWater scarcity is a daily challenge for young girls in Sudan, forcing them to walk for miles to fetch water, missing out on education and suffering from the physical strain of carrying heavy loads. In some areas of Sudan, girls walk an average of 3.7 miles every day to collect water for their families, often missing school as a result. This water collection falls largely on the shoulders of girls and women, negatively impacting their education and overall well-being.The lack of access to clean water not only affects education but also leads to health problems. Waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid, are common in Sudan due to the use of contaminated water sources. The constant struggle to obtain water exacerbates the issue, as it leaves little time for girls to focus on their studies or take care of their health.According to a UNICEF report, around 170 million young girls worldwide are affected by water scarcity. This issue is particularly prevalent in developing countries where water sources are limited and infrastructure is lacking. In Sudan, the problem is exacerbated by political instability and ongoing conflicts, making it even more challenging to implement sustainable solutions.Efforts have been made to address this issue in Sudan. Non-governmental organizations and government initiatives have worked together to provide access to clean water in rural areas. Projects such as building wells and rainwater harvesting systems have helped alleviate theburden on girls and women. However, more support is needed to ensure that all communities have access to safe and clean water sources.Education plays a crucial role in breaking the cycle of poverty and improving the overall well-being of individuals. By addressing the water scarcity issue, more girls in Sudan will be able to attend school regularly, improve their educational opportunities, and have a better chance of breaking out of the cycle of poverty.In conclusion, water scarcity poses a significant challenge for young girls in Sudan, impacting their education, health, and overall well-being. Efforts to improve access to clean water sources are crucial in alleviating the burden on girls and providing them with equal educational opportunities. By addressing this issue, we can help empower young girls in Sudan and create a brighter future for generations to come.。
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)

2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason,why引导定语从句,修饰the reason。
2014考研英语阅读真题 Text 1(英语二)

2014 Text 1(英语⼆)⾦钱和幸福What would you do with $590 million?如果你有 5.9 亿美元,你会想做什么?This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.葛罗瑞亚·⻢克肯泽尔正⾯对这个问题。
她是⼀位 84 岁在弗罗⾥达拥有⼀座⼩房⼦的寡妇,最近获得了有史以来最⼤的彩票头奖。
If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read "Happy Money" by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.但如果她希望新得到的财富会让她产⽣持久的满⾜感,她可能需要读读伊丽莎⽩·唐恩和迈克尔·诺顿合著的《快乐理财》。
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.这两位学者利⽤⼀系列的⾏为学研究表明,最让⼈受益的消费⽅式可能是反直觉的。
Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.财富给⼈的感觉经常会意味着豪⻋和峭壁旁的富宅。
2014年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

2
Text 2
在全世界,律师比任何其他职业的人都更招憎恨——新闻业可能是个例外。 但是没有多少地方能比美国更让客户有更多的理由抱怨。 在经济危机之前的十年间,美国法律服务费用的增长速度是通货膨胀的两 倍。最好的律师赚得盆满钵满,吸引着更多的学生争相进入法学院。但是大部分 法学毕业生从未获得一份大律所的工作。 他们中的许多人转而成为那种妨害行为 诉讼的提交者,这使得侵权制度成了一场昂贵的噩梦。 这里面有很多原因。其一是法律教育的费用过高。在美国大部分州只有一条 成为律师的途径;在某个无关的专业读四年取得本科学位,然后在美国律师协会 授权的 200 所法学院之一读三年取得法律学位,并为准备律师资格考试花费不 菲。这给现在这些普通的法学院毕业生留下在本科债务之外 10 万美元的债务。 法学院债务意味着他们不得不拼命地努力工作。 改革这一体系会对律师和他们的客户都有所帮助。 明智的想法已经存在了好 长时间,但是管理该职业的州级机构对实施它们太保守了。一个想法是准许人们 读本科学位时学习法律。另外一个是,让学生在法学院只读两年之后就参加律师 资格考试。如果这一考试对于一名准律师来说确实是足够严格的测试,那么就应 该准许那些有能力提早参加的学生们参加。 不需要额外培训的学生就可以削减他 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
但为君故系列
D 同行评议引导研究 33. 希格斯玻色子的发现是有关()的一个很好的例子 A 对获奖者身份的争议 B 现代科研人员的共同努力 C 对新奖项的合理的忧虑 D 对研究发现的展示 34. 根据第四段的内容,下列哪一项关于诺贝尔奖的说法是正确的 A 它们因其持久而受到公正的对待 B 它们的合理性长期处于争议之中 C 它们是最具代表性的荣誉 D 历史从未质疑过它们 35. 作者认为新兴奖项 A 尽管受到批评,但是仍可接受 B 对研究文化有害 C 受到不良变化的影响 D 不值得公众的注意
2014年考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析

Sectio n I Use of Englis hDirect ions:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each number ed blankand mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinne risn‟talways better. A number of studie s have __1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseas es compar ed to thosewho are overwe ight.And thereare health condit ionsfor whichbeingoverwe ightis actual ly ___2___. For exampl e, heavie r womenare less likely to develo p calciu m defici encythan thin women. ___3___ amongthe elderl y, beingsomewh at overwe ightis oftenan ___4___ of good health.Of even greate r ___5___ is the fact that obesit y turnsout to be very diffic ult to define. It is oftendefine d ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divide d by the square of height. An adultwith a BMI of 18 to 25 is oftenconsid eredto be normal weight. Betwee n 25 and 30 is overwe ight.And over 30 is consid eredobese.Obesit y, ___8___,can be divide d into modera telyobese,severe ly obese,and very severe ly obese.Whilesuch numeri cal standa rds seem 9 , they are not. Obesit y is probab ly less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extrem ely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For exampl e, many colleg iateand profes siona l footba ll player s 12 as obese,though theirpercen tagebody fat is low. Conver sely, someon e with a smallframemay have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Todaywe have a(an) _14 _ to labelobesit y as a disgra ce.The overwe ightare someti mes_15_inthe mediawith theirfacescovere d. Stereo types_16_ with obesit y includ e lazine ss, lack of will power,and lowerprospe cts for succes s.Teache rs,employ ers,and health profes siona ls have been shownto harbor biases agains t the obese._17_ve ry youngchildr en tend to look down on theoverwe ight, and teasin g aboutbody buildhas long been a proble m in school s.Negati ve attitu des toward obesit y, _18_in health concer ns, have stimul ateda number of anti-obesit y _19_.My own hospit al system has banned sugary drinks from its facili ties.Many employ ers have instit utedweight loss and fitnes s initia tives. Michel le Obamalaunch ed a high-visibi litycampai gn _20_ childh ood obesit y, even claimi ng that it repres entsour greate st nation al securi ty threat.1. [A] denied[B] conduc ed [C] double d [D] ensure d、【答案】B conclu ded【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2014英语二阅读译文

2014Section III Translation01解析:①Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.【解析】define... as... 把…定义为…【词汇】perpetually adv.永久地,持久地,无休止地perpetual adj.持久的,长久的endlessly adj. end(结尾)+less(缺少)+ly形容词后缀→缺少结尾的=无止境的;无穷无尽的【译文】大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐,如同总是有半杯水的杯子。
But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.【词汇】cheerfulness n.高兴cheerful(快乐的,愉快的)+ness(名词后缀),构成cheerfulness(名词),高兴psychologist n.心理学家扩展词根psych-=mental.心理/精神的-ology 表示技术科学,-ist表示专家psyche n.精神,灵魂=soul n.灵魂psychology n.心理学;psychological a.心理学的Psychologist n.心理学家;psychoanalysis n.精神分析recommend v.推荐;建议recommend sb /sth to…向…推荐某人/某物recommend sb to do sth 推荐/建议某人做某事recommend sb for …(a position)推荐某人担任…(职位)recommend sth /doing sth 推荐某物/建议做某事;recommend that 后面接从句【译文】但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。
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Text 1
为了“让生活更美好”,减少“家庭的扶养”,英国财政部大臣George Osborn,提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书,并且开始找工作,那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理?
下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作,而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助?真的吗?第一次听到这时,这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”,以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人,控制支出,以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的:你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景,并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬,你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的;为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是,养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题,那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字:工作。
但是在奥斯博岛,你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到,那么是永久的扶养,被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革,并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”,意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实,这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”,条件是积极地找工作;这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系,一周71,70英镑,没有补贴没有保险。
Text 2
世界各地,律师比其他职业的人得到更多的不友好的眼光——记者除外。
但是,世界上很少有国家像美国那样委托人有会如此多的抱怨。
在经济危机前的两年里,法律服务的花费的增长速度是通货膨胀速度的两倍。
最好的律师赚了能填满摩天大楼的钱,吸引更多的学生扎堆进入法律学校。
但是大多数的法律毕业生从没得到大公司的工作。
他们中的很多成为一种让人讨厌的诉讼文员,使侵权系统变为花费昂贵的恶梦。
对此是有很多原因的。
其中一个是法律教育的过高的成本。
在美国大多数州的律师来说只有一条路可以选择:一个四年的与法律无关的本科学历,然后是在200个法律学校中的一个得到三年的法律证书,这些学校是被美国法律协会授权的,并且在进入之前还要通过一个昂贵的预备考试。
这为当今的法律学校的每个学生带来一个平均为10万美元的债务,这是所有专业大学生中最高的债务。
法律学校的债务意味着其许多的学生不能进入政府和非营利性性组织工作,因此他们不得不极度努力地工作。
改革这个体系将会对律师及其委托人都有好处。
明智的想法已经存在一段时间了,但是在国家层面上会体现出,控制这个专业太过守旧,以至于无法实行。
一个观点是允许大学生学习法律作为本科文凭。
还有一个是在法律学校学习两年后就允许其参加法庭。
如果这法律考试对于那些准律师来说是足够严厉的话,那些可以提前参加考试的人就该被允许那样做。
那些不需要额外训练的学生就可以减少其三分之一的债务。
花费如此高的另一个原因就是商业的限制性的所有制结构。
除了哥伦比亚区,非律师可能不被允许持有法律公司的股份。
这使得佣金居高不下,而且革新非常缓慢。
在业内进行改革是有压力的,但是监管者中的改革反对者坚持认为禁止外部人员进入法律公司将律师从赚钱的压力中隔离出来,并且能在道德上为顾客服务。
实际上,允许非律师持有法律公司的股份能够减少成本并提升对客户的服务,具体可以通过鼓励法律公司运用科技,雇佣职业管理者重点提升公司的效率。
毕竟,澳大利亚和英国等国已经自由化了它们的法律行业。
美国也应紧随其后。
Text 3
美国的这个300万的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验,当Alexander Polyakov在今年领奖的时候如此说道。
而这样奖项不仅仅只有一种。
科学杂志的一篇新闻特辑这样评论,近些年来,颁发给研究者的一系列的合算的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的阵营,诺贝尔奖不再孤独。
许多像基础物理学奖这样的奖项是有网络巨头建立的,他们庞大的银行账户就是这些奖项的保证。
科学杂志说,这些捐助者在他们自己的领域里取得了成功,他们想用自己的财富吸引公众对那些在科学领域有成就的人的注意力。
这有什么是让人不喜欢的呢?根据新闻特辑里引证的少数科学家来看,确实有许多让人不能欣赏的地方。
就像谚语所说的:等级是买不到的,那些有钱的企业家给他们的奖项买不到诺贝尔奖的威望。
科学家们说,些新的奖项是它们背后创办者实施的一种自我推销。
The wards are an exercise in self-promote for those behind them. 对自我推销的一种实施——实施的一种自我推销,them指wards,self-promote 自我推销,不是自我提升/激励。
这些奖项可能会扭曲以成就为基础的同业审查指引研究工作系统。
这巩固了同业审查研究的现状。
他们并没有资助同业审查研究。
他们使孤独天才的神话长存。
这些奖项的发放者的目标像对他们的评论一样分散。
有的是想引起震惊,有的是想将人们的注意力引导科学上,或者是想要更好地奖励那些投入考研事业的人。
就像科学杂志之前指出的,应该对新旧奖项如何发放有的合理关注。
近年来为生命科学方面设立的突破奖,对生命科学包括什么持有的观点是不具代表性的。
而对于诺贝尔奖,他们的基金设立的每个奖项最多三个获奖者的限制——获奖者必须还活着——已经无法容纳因研究的合作性质导致的增长的人数,有这样一个事例可以说明问题:在确定希格斯玻色子的发现的贡献时,要忽略谁——这是一个无法避免的争论。
当然像诺贝尔一类的奖是由富有的个人建立的,他们自己决定如何使用自己钱。
是时间而不是建立者的意愿让这些奖项合理。
随着越来越多的科学家对新的奖项有说辞,有两件事变得清晰。
第一,大多数研究者在被授予这样一个奖项时,他们是愿意接受的。
第二,资金和注意力流向科学而不是其他地方确实是一件好事。
批评和质疑这些机制并没有什么不对——毕竟这是研究领域的一种习俗——但是要知道这是奖项设立者自己出钱的,而且他们是乐意这样做的。
聪明的做法就是以感激之心和荣誉之情接受这样的奖项。
Text 4
美国艺术与科学研究院(AAAS)最近发布的报告“问题之核心”肯定了人文学科和社会科学对于美国自由民主政治繁荣和安全的重要性,值得被表扬。
但是遗憾的是,这篇报告并没有指出普通教育所面临危机的真正性质,这导致的危害会大于其带来的益处。
在2010年,领导的国会民主党和共和党寄给AAAS一封信,询问那些确定可以由“联邦,州和地区政府,大学,基金,教育者,个人捐献者和其他人”承担的,“保持国家在人文科学,社会科学的学问和教育方面的优秀特质”的行动。
作为回应,美国研究院建立了一个关于人文和社会科学的委员会。
委员会的这51个成员中有一流大学的校长,学者,律师,法官以及商业经理人,同时还有外交界的主要人物,电影制片人,音乐家和记者。
这份报告所确立的目标是值得称赞的。
因为代议政府以市民的消息灵通为前提,报告支持完全地读写能力;强调对历史和政体的学习,尤其是美国历史和美国政体;而且鼓励对新的数字技术的应用。
为了鼓励创新和提升竞争,这份报告提倡增加对研究的投资,要求清晰的能提升学生在21世纪的问题解决能力和沟通效率这些技能的课程,号召提高对教师的经费支持并鼓励学者们将他们的研究瞄准当今世界上的重要挑战。
这个报告还提倡加强对外语,外国事务的学习,同时扩张对外国项目的学习。
不幸的是,尽管已经实施了两年半,而“问题之核心”从来没抓住问题的核心:我们主要的大学的通识教育是狭隘的本性。
委员会忽略了事实的,在过去的几十年里,美国的学院和大学并没有真正教给学生通识教育的内容和特性,所以他们也无法从中得到好处。
可悲的是,探寻的精神已经清楚的知道,校园已经被人文科学和社会科学的实用所代替,成为了发表“进步”的机器,或者是左翼的宣传基地。
当今,教授还是那老一套,将先进的历史解释和公众政治视为研究的主要科目,而将保守的,经典的通识教育知识——比如,自由市场,自立精神——排除在他们的日常工作中,甚至有的是不在法律要求之中,不在知识调查研究之中。
AAAS对通识教育表现出极高的热情。
然而这篇报道可能会推迟这项改革,国会要求他们表明的挑战的深度和广度被遮蔽了。