3.3 英汉副词比较与翻译

4) The pilot routinely radioed another agent on the ground． 飞行员跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。 5) The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man． 太阳对人的身心有着巨大的影响。
你能准确地把这句话译出来吗？
3．英语名词转译成汉语副词
(1) I have the honour to inform you that you will be sent abroad next month． 我很荣幸地通知你，下个月你将被派到国外。 (2)That old lady had the kindness to show me the way． 那个老太太善意地给我指了路。 (3)Fish have an instinct for water． 鱼生来就会水。 (4)It is our great pleasure to note that our economy is developing vigorously． 我们非常高兴地看到，我国的经济正在蓬勃地发展着。
Sure enough, he’ll come. It sure was a cold night.
但有些与形容词同形的副词，与加-ly的副词，意义大不一 样。
He was famous even then.
She spread the butter evenly on the bread. She came home very late last night. She has been very busy lately. Please come near. It was nearly 5 o’clock. He nearly fell into the river. Call me at seven sharp.
3. 3 英汉副词比较与翻译
何为副词？《牛津大学词典》认为副词是用来回答 how, when, where的问句，以及修饰动词、形容词及其他 副词等的词。
英语副词的功能主要是作状语，表示状况和程度，也 表示时间和地点等。但也不限于作状语，某些副词还可以 作表语、定语、补语。例如：
1. 作状语：
He runs fast.
4．英语副词转译成汉语动词和名词
1）Your hat is not on straight. 你的帽子没戴正。 2）The film has been on for 5 minutes. 电影已经放影10分钟了。 3）The meeting was over 10 minute ago. 会议在10分钟以前就结束了。 4） What is the fare to London and back? 去伦敦一个来回需要多少钱? 6) The supermarket would give everyone 10 percent off on all cash purchases． 那家超级市场将给每一位用现金购物的顾客10％的优惠。 7) Traditionally，there had always been intermarriage between the two countries． 两国之间一直有着相互通婚的传统。 8)She is physically weak but mentally sound． 她身体虚弱，但思想健康。
Close the window to keep the cold out.
而汉语副词在句中只能作状语，修饰动词、形容词或者 其他副词。少数副词可以做补语，但不能作定语，更不存 在表语的情况。例如： 1. 作状语： 他正在为考试作准备。 那个战士非常勇敢。 他学习特别努力。 他学习努力得很。
2. 有少数英语副词在句中的位置非常灵活。并且位置不同， 往往意义也不同。译成汉语时须特别注意。例如：
6) She didn’t succeed in ringing me up, for she dialed the wrong number． 她没有打通我的电话，因为她拨错了号码。 7) When he was diagnosed with cancer, Sandy and I reached the painful realization that Banjo was leaving us.
He runs very fast.
China is especially rich in natural resources.
2. 作表语： The film has been on for 10 minutes. Time is up, and you are dismissed. 3. 作定语： The remarks above are quite to the point. All the buildings around were built last year. 4. 作补语：
甚至汤姆都把自行车修好了。 汤姆甚至修理了自行车。 汤姆连自行车也修理了。
与形容词既有同形的副词，也有加-ly的副词，意义上没有什 么差别，只有语体上的区别。在口语或俗语中，通常使用不 加-ly的副词。例如:
Drive slow.
Come quick. 他必来无疑。 的确是个寒冷的夜晚。
He ran as quick (quickly) as he could.
2．英语形容词转译成汉语副词
1）We have known a similar past of humiliation and exploitation． 在过去，我们都同样遭受到凌辱和剥削。 2）The children would sing in piping Spanish, high-pitched and pure. 孩子们用西班牙语放声歌唱，歌声清晰嘹亮。 3) This is sheer nonsense． 这纯粹是胡说八道。 4) We have made a careful study of the soil properties in that region． 我们仔细地研究了该地区的土壤特性。 5) Our country places the highest value on good relations with developing countries． 我国高度地重视同发展中国家的友好关系。He aຫໍສະໝຸດ swered me sharply.
比较下面两种副词，意义上有什么差别。
He dug the ditch very deep. 他把沟挖的很深。 I was deeply moved by the story. 我深深地被故事感动了。 He was deep in thought. 他陷入深思。 He jumped very high. 他跳得很高。 People think highly of his behavior. 人们对他的行为评价很高。
Only he hunted two hares yesterday.
He only hunted two hares yesterday. He hunted only two hares yesterday. He hunted two hares only yesterday.
Even Tom fixed the bike. Tom even fixed the bike. Tom fixed even the bike.
6) She looked at me expectantly. 她用期待的目光看着我。 7）Hopefully, it will be done early next month. 下月初完成这项工作是大有希望的。 8）Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了 很高的评价。
他被诊断患有癌症时，我和桑迪痛苦地意识到班卓将离开我们。
8) He had had a careful study of the map before he started off. 在出发前他就仔细看了地图。 9）Can you give an accurate translation of this sentence.
副词的翻译一般情况下不受词类的限制，根据具体情况， 可以译成其他词性，其他词性的词也可以译成副词。例如：
1．英语副词转译成汉语形容词
1）Traditionally，there had always been good relations between them. 它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 2) The computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation． 计算机的主要特点就是准确和计算迅速。 3) I was deeply impressed by the film “Gone with the Wind”． 《乱世佳人》这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。