现代大学英语精读1 复习资料
现代大学英语精读第一册lesson1 warm-up
IV.
An essay
Question: "Things do not change; we change." This is a well-known sentence. What's the philosophical meaning of it? What significance can we find in it?
热爱生活 不论你的生活如何卑 你要面对它生活， 贱，你要面对它生活， 不要躲避它， 不要躲避它，更别用 恶言咒骂它。 恶言咒骂它。它不像 你那样坏 。你最富有 的时候， 的时候，倒是看似最 穷。爱找缺点的人就 是到天堂里也能找到 缺点。 缺点。你要爱你的生 尽管它贫穷。 活，尽管它贫穷。
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is.
W B T L E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1 – Half a Day
IV. An essay
Translation
Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn the old, return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.
现代大学英语精读1
现代大学英语精读1Unit 11. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the dayI was to be thrown into school for the first time. (1)Paraphrase:But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.2.“Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?”(3)Paraphrase:Why do I have to go to school? I don’t think I’ve done anything wrong to be punished like this.3. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (5)Paraphrase:I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.4. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. (15)Paraphrase:What we did at school wasn’t just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.5. In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. (16)Paraphrase:Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and foolingaround all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.Unit 21. If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches. (para. 1)Paraphrase:Banks act like churches which usually control people’s life and can interfere in people’s life. So, the author thinks it is ridiculous for banks to act like churches.2. It was lunchtime and the only officer on duty was a fortyish black man with short, pressed hair, a pencil mustache, and a neatly pressed brown suit. (para. 3)Paraphrase:uncurled hair, a thin mustache looking like a line drawn by a pencil, and a neat and tidy brown suit3. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority. (para. 3) Paraphrase:Everything about him—his clothes, manner, etc. indicated that he was a carefully dressed man who had an important position and power.4. I moved in for the kill. (para. 19)Paraphrase:I began to prepare to kill, destroy or defeat my enemy.5. I zeroed in on the officer. (para. 20)Paraphrase:I’m going to have a strong argument to silence the bank officer.6. Look, … we’re just wasting each other’s time. (para. 29)Paraphrase:Look, let’s stop talkin g about this because it is a waste of time./You are just talking nonsense. I don’t want to listen to youany more.7.… has been shaking this boy down… (para. 30)Paraphrase:… has been getting money from the boy by using threats…8. Anyway, the poli ce are on the case… (para. 30)Paraphrase:Anyway, the police are working on the case…9. Not that I ever heard of. (para. 32)Paraphrase:I have never heard of such rules.Unit 31. My husband moved into our house as is the way with us in Esarn. (para. 1) Paraphrase:When we got married, we followed the tradition in Esarn and my husband came to live with my family.2. He has ears which don’t hear, a mouth which doesn’t speak, and eyes that don’t see. ( para. 2)Paraphrase:He does not notice what is happening around us and to our children, nor does he express his thoughts and feelings. (The woman is complaining that her husband does not bother about their children’s troubles.)3. … and it is no l onger fertile, bleeding year after year and, like u s, getting old and exhausted. (para. 3)Paraphrase:Our land is getting poorer with each passing year, like us who are getting old, weak and tired.4.… but in a bad year, it’s not only the ploughs that br eak but our hearts, too. (para. 3)Paraphrase:When there is a draught, the soil is so hard that it breaks the ploughs and we feel so sad that our hearts break too.5. Only ten years ago, you could barter for things, but now it’s all cash. (para. 4)Paraphrase:Just ten years ago, we could exchange one thing for another, but now we have to buy everything from the market.6. Shops have sprung up, filled with colorful plastic things and goods we have no use for. (para. 4)Paraphrase:Shops have suddenly appeared in the village selling attractive plastic things and things we don’t need.7. As for me, I wouldn’t change, couldn’t change even if I wanted to. (para. 7)Paraphrase:I didn’t want to change myself and my life, and actually I did not have the ability to change even if I wanted to.8. Yes, this bag of bones dressed in rags can still plant and reap rice from morning till dusk. (para. 7)Paraphrase:Though I’m poor, old and weak, I can still work in the rice field all day.9. I am at peace with the land and the condition of my life. (para. 9) Paraphrase:I am content with my land and accept my situation in life without complaint.10. I have been forcing silence upon her all these years, yet she had not once complained of anything. (para. 9)Paraphrase:All these years, I hardly talk with her or listen to her, so shehas to keep silent about her thoughts and feelings, but she has never told anyone else about her unhappy feelings about my silence.11. Still the land could not tie them down or call them back. (para. 10) Paraphrase:My children grew up and had happy days on this land, but this could not prevent them from leaving for cities or attract them back from cities.12. Sickness comes and goes, and we get back on our feet again. (para. 11) Paraphrase:Inevitably we sometimes fall ill, but when we get well again we can always get back to our normal life and work on our land.Unit 41. Ausable was, for one thing, fat… Though he spoke French and German passably, he had never altogether lost the New England accent he had brought to Paris from Boston twenty years ago. (para. 2)Paraphrase:Ausable was, for one reason, fat… His French and German were not very good, but acceptable. Although he had been in Paris for twenty years, he never lost the American accent.2. …a sloppy fat man who, instead of having messages slipped into his hand by dark-eyed beauties, gets only an ordinary telephone call making an appointment in his room. (para. 4)Paraphrase:…an untidy fat man just has an ordinary phone call agreeing to meet somebody later in his room. There are no other imagined things as a beautiful lady with dark eyes putting a slip of message secretly into his hand.3. The fat man chuckled to himself as he unlocked the door of his room and stood as aside to let his frustrated guest enter. (para. 4)Paraphrase:The fat man laughed to himself when he opened the door of his room and gave way to his dissatisfied guest.4. You are disillusioned. (para. 5)Paraphrase:You are disappointed because what you believe in has turned out to be wrong.5. Before long you will see a paper, a quite important paper for which several men and women have risked their lives, come to me in the next-to-last step of its journey into official hands. (para. 5)Paraphrase:Soon you will see a document/a report come to me. Several people took chances in order to get it. When I receive the paper, I will place it in the hands of the proper authorities.By then I will have fulfilled my mission.6. For halfway across the room, a small automatic pistol in his hand, stood a man. (para. 6)Paraphrase:In the middle of the room, there was a man with a small automatic pistol in his hand.7. I’m going to raise the devil with the management this time. (para. 11) Paraphrase:(He was making up a story, which turned out to be a trap for Max.To make Max swallow this bait, Ausable pretended to be angry with the management and explained to Fowler (not to Max)why he was going to complain to the management about the balcony.)8. It might have saved me some trouble had I known about it. (para. 12) Paraphrase:If I had known about it, I would not have spent so much effort.9. I wish I knew how you learned about the report, … (para.15) Paraphrase:I want to know how you succeeded in finding out the report, but I have no idea.10. Keeping his body twisted so that his gun still covered the fat man and his guest, … (para. 22)Paraphrase:He twisted his body in order to point his gun right at the fat man and his guest.Unit 61. My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak. (para. 1) Paraphrase:When the radiator started to drip, my old jeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the scenery rural area.2. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there. (para. 1)Paraphrase:Due to the high temperature of the engine, I had to stop at the next village, which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed.3. He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement. (para. 3)Paraphrase:Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring whether I understood the importance of his words.4. As a product of American education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. (para. 5)Paraphrase:As someone educated in the United States, I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana, except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten.5. It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it. (para.5) Paraphrase:It was me who had come to know the green bananas, and everything connected with it. According to the author, every civilization has special geniuses (symbolized by the green banana), which have existed for many years. But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them.6. I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call “learning moments”, and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once. (para. 5)Paraphrase:The two things that suddenly dawned on him are: the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village, town, region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world.7. The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning. (8)Paraphrase:The green bananas have become a symbol of hiddentreasures from every culture. For proper understanding of a piece of writing, it is often important to notice such symbolic language and to know what the symbols stand for.Unit 81. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. (para. 1) Paraphrase:He held his thumb out and the gas can to show that he was out of gas and needed a lift to the nearest gas station. Generally speaking, at the same time of holding his thumb out, a hitchhiker also has a board in his hand, on which the name of the place he wants to go is written. Here, the gas can shows that the young man has run out of gasoline for his car.2. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. (para. 2) Paraphrase:Because the author thought it was sensible for him to do so and did so indeed as a matter of course as other people would do the same in the situation.It shows that it was really something common. The real issue then was not that he didn’t help t he young man but that he never thought about offering help to strangers.3. It would be cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. (para. 5)Paraphrase:I would travel without a penny through the country where money was extremely important.4. I rose early…and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles “America”. (para. 6)Paraphrase:Because what he wanted to do was to discover America and American people. The destination of the journey was Cape Fear,just literally, but the real destination was to seek understanding of the country and its people.5. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming. In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa.Paraphrase:They suggest that the people there (probably people everywhere), were more or less provincial (another sub-concept of ethnocentric?). They tended to make false assumptions about people in other places, . the people in their place were nicer/better than those in other places.6. I didn’t know wheth er to kiss them or scold them for stopping. (para. 8) Paraphrase:(Because the situation when the two little ladies stopped for the author was, in his eyes, potentially dangerous for them. He says so to emphasize both the kindness and courage the ladies showed in that particular situation.)7. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. (Para. 9) Paraphrase:(Because he had to. Otherwise he would not be able to stop right before the author. It shows the mental struggle that was probably going on in the driver’s mind. He was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker, which made it more difficult for him to make such a decision at the moment than others. However, he chose to stop finally and his kindness was thereby highlighted.)8. Those who had the least to give often gave the most.Paraphrase:Poor people are often more generous. They are often ready/willing to give comparatively more of what they have tothose in need than rich people.9. Now we’re talking, I thought.Paraphrase:Now he knew what I wanted and the talk was going in the right direction.10. “When we do, ” he said, “it’s usually kin.” (Para. 13)Paraphrase:(The local people do not usually entertain/receive guests at home.) They only do this for their kin relatives.11. In spite of everything, you can still depend on the kindness of strangers. Paraphrase:(It means the fact that there are people who are indifferent to other people’s needs/ who refuse to help others/who may hesitate to help and people may say about lack of compassion in our society and a generally moral decay in our society.I find, however, on the whole you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.)Unit 91. The impressiveness was normal and not for show, for spectators were few. (para. 1)Paraphrase:The police officer walked that way habitually, not to attract attention or admiration because there were few people in the streets to be impressed. Thedescription shows that the policeman quite enjoyed his work.2. Trying doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. (para. 2)Paraphrase:From how he looked and what he did on the beat, we can see that the policeman was competent at, confident of, proud of, and dutiful to his job. All these factors gave people the impression that he was a trustworthy protector of the peace. ( Notice how a string of present participles are used as adverbials to vividly describe the policeman’s actions.)3. The area was one that kept early hours. (para. 2)Paraphrase:People in that area closed their stores pretty early.4. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. (para. 7) Paraphrase:The next morning I was going to leave (New York) for the West as planned to make a lot of money and get rich.5. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (para. 7) Paraphrase:We thought by that time we would have found out our fate and known how much we have achieved materially—whether our fortune huge or small.6. But after a year or two we lost track of each other. (para. 9) Paraphrase:We wrote letters and kept in touch with each other for a year or two, and then we stopped writing and haven’t heard from or heard of each other. Now ne ither of us knows what has happened or is happening to the other.7. You see, the West is a pretty big place, and I kept running around over it pretty lively. (para. 9)Paraphrase:I kept moving around in the West, never staying in the sameplace for long. (And that’s why it was hard for us to keep track of each other.)8. …and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up. (para. 9)Paraphrase:If my old friend comes to meet me as he promised, I would think my trouble of travelling so far is fairly rewarded.9. He was a kind of slow man, though, good fellow as he was. (para. 13) Paraphrase:However, he wasn’t very smart, even thought he was a good person.10. I’ve had to compete with some of the sharpest brains going to get my money. (para. 13 )Paraphrase:In order to make money, I had to compete with the most shrewd and crafty people.11. A man gets stuck in New York. It takes the West to makea man really keen. (para. 13)Paraphrase:A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New York where lifeis boring and opportunities for change are few. He has to go to the West to becomean eager and exciting person.The man from the west means that New York City was “civilized”; it had too many laws, and that getting rich quickly was less likely. In the West, however,one could by-pass the rules, and though being tougher and smarter one could becomerich very fast.12. I should say not! (para. 16)Paraphrase:Of course I am not going to leave immediately.13. The few foot passengers in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands. (para. 18 )Paraphrase:There were few people in the street of this part of the city. They had turned their coat collars high and kept their hands in their pockets for warmth. T hey didn’t look happy and were walking fast without saying anything.14. “Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival. (para. 21)Paraphrase:“Bless my heart!” the man who had just arrived said aloud in surprise.15. It’s Bob, sure a fate. (par a. 22)Paraphrase:Definitely it’s you, Bob.16. How has the West treated you, old man? (para. 22)Paraphrase:How well did you do in the West, old friend?17. …we’ll go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk aboutold times. （para. 26）Paraphrase:I’ve heard of a place, so let’s go there and we will have a long talk about those happy days we spent together in the past. Note that probably the plainclothes policeman was thinking: I’ll take you to the police station andyou will tell me about the crimes you committed in the past.18. At the corner stood a drugstore brilliant with electriclights. (para. 28) Paraphrase:There was a drugstore at the corner. Its electric lights were on and it was very bright inside.19. Chicago thinks you may come over our way and telegraphs us she wants to havea chat with you. (para. 31)Paraphrase:The Chicago Police Department thinks you may come to New York, sent us a telegraph and asked us to help them track you down and arrest.20. Going quietly, are yo u? That’s sen sible. (para. 31)Paraphrase:You won’t put up a fight and resist arrest, will you. That (cooperating will us without causing any disturbance) is the right thing to do.21. Somehow I couldn’t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clo thes man to do the job. (para. 33)Paraphrase:For some reason I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I had a policeman not wearing a uniform do it.Jimmy had mixed feelings. He knew what his duty was. But the memories of their friendship, the expressions of Bob’s undying respect and admiration for him and the fact that Bob had come all the way from a thousand miles away just to keep the appointment made 20 years before must have deeply touched him. Therefore, he could not bring himself to arrest Bob.Unit 101. The end of manual labor was liberating. (1)Paraphrase:Mandela is talking about forced labor. He felt liberated afterthe manual labor had been ended.2. To survive in prison, one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (2)Paraphrase:In order not to die and go on living in prison, prisoners must cultivate ways to learn to enjoy themselves in their daily life.3. But eventually they gave in, and we were able to cut out a small garden ona narrow patch of earth against the far wall. (3)Paraphrase:But finally they agreed unwillingly, and we were able to mark out a small garden on a strip of earth against the wall in the distance.4. At the time, some of my comrades joked that I was a miner at heart, for I spent my days in a wasteland and my free time digging in the courtyard. (4) Paraphrase:At that time, some of my comrades said jokingly that I was really a miner since I spent my days in a land which had been deserted for a long time and my spare time digging in the courtyard.5. The authorities did not regret giving permission, for once the garden began to flourish, I often provided the warders with some of my best tomatoes and onions.(5)Paraphrase:The person in charge didn’t feel regretful that they had allowed me to have a garden because as soon as the garden began to grow well, I often gave the warders some of my best tomatoes and onions.6. I told her this small story at great length. I do not knowwhat she read into that letter, (11)Paraphrase:I told her this small story in detail. I do not know whether she understood the meaning of the letter more than it did.。
现代大学英语精读1-Unit1知识点汇总
现代大学英语精读1-U n i t1知识点汇总-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANExpressions, Collocations & Phrases1. a useful word 一个有用的词2. a helpful suggestion 一个有用的建议3. a painful experience 一段痛苦的经历4. a tearful voice 一个撕心裂肺的嗓音5. a hopeless war 一场无望的战争6. a priceless stone 一块无价的石头7. a useless book 一本无用的书8. a careful look 仔细一看9. an eventful year 多事之秋10. a harmful habit 一个有害的习惯；不良习惯11. a harmless animal 一个无害的动物12. a shameless liar 一位无耻的撒谎者13. a classless society 无阶级社会14. a hopeful situation 一种有希望的形势15. a fruitful visit 一次有成就的访问16. a powerful army 一支强有力的军队17. a careless mistake 一个粗心的错误18. a homeless child 一个无家可归的孩子19. a toothless old man 一个牙齿掉光的老男人20. a nameless flower 一支无名花21. take?steps 采取措施22. hold back/dry one's tears 忍着眼泪/擦干眼泪23. play games 玩游戏24. take/have/steal a nap 打盹25. tell a story 讲故事26. face trouble/challenge/truth/fact/pressure 面对麻烦/挑战/事实/真相/压力27. announce a thing 宣布一件事28. invade a place/one's life/one's privacy 攻占某地/干涉某人生活/侵犯某人隐私29. cross the desert/channel/mountains/ocean 穿越沙漠/海峡/高山/横跨海洋30. reach some places/the stage 到达某些地方/达到某种地步31. employ people 雇用某人32. in?vain? 徒劳无益33. show?off? 炫耀，卖弄34. resort?to? 采取35. cling?to? 坚持，保留36. burst?into? 突然开始37. bring?about? 造成，引起，导致；创造；实现38. give?rise?to? 造成，引起，导致39. on?their?own? 独立地(凭自己的力量)40.41.42. Translations1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
现代大学英语精读1 所有单词汇总(默写专用)
a person who entertains people by magic
魔术师
creator
n
one who makes sth for the first time
创造者
crossroads
n
a place where two or more roads cross each other
交叉路口
卡其布裤子
loafer
n
a low-cut step-in leather shoe with no laces
没有鞋带的皮便鞋
mustache
n
hair growing on a man's upper lip
胡子
neatly
adv
in tidy, orderly way
整洁地，熟练地，灵活地
n
a group of trees
小树林，果园
gutter
n
a channel at the edge of a road next to the pavement where water collects and flows away
排水沟
harp
n
a large musical instrument with strings
Unit1
border
v
与..接界/相邻
circus
n
马戏团
cling
v
to hold closely; to refuse to let go
抓紧、紧握
clown
n
a person who performs in a circus
小丑，乡下人
大学英语精读1 -- 复习提纲
3. 运用不同的词性1）evidence(明显，n.), evident(明显的，adj.), evidently(明显地，adv.)a. Do you have any evidence that Charles stole the jewels (宝石) ？b. Evidently, there is no one at home. The lights are out.c. It is evident that the elderly gentleman has been greatly hurt and will never come back to the store to samplepuddings any more.d. The old lady looked at her daughter with evident pride.2）kindness(善良，n.), kind(善良的，adj.), kindly(善良地，adv.)a. It’s very kind of you to invite me to tea.b. Would you kindly turn down the radio?c.Kindness is one of the qualities we would look for in a friend.d. The policeman treated the lost child very kindly.3）eagerness(渴望，迫切，n.)，eager(渴望的，迫切的，adj.), eagerly(渴望地，迫切地，adv.)a. The old man began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings as soon as he accepted the spoon.b. He is always eager to see new places and keen (渴望的) to meet new people.c. They looked forward to the occasion with great eagerness.d. All the children listened to the story with eager attention.4）sincerity(真挚，n.), sincere(真挚的，adj.), sincerely(真挚地，adv.)a. Was the narrator sincere in his offer to purchase a pudding for the old man?b. The narrator sincerely wished that he could take his tactless words.c. I may say in all sincerity that I did not mean to hurt you.d. Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.5）occasion(场合，n.), occasional(偶尔的，adj.), occasionally(偶尔地，adv.)a. We had fine weather all through July except for an occasional thunderstorm.b. Prof. Wilson’s daughter teaches at a high school in California, and she occasionally files to New York to see him.c. I can’t recall the occasion, but I did meet her before.d. In the past two years, Myra has come to see her mother only occasionally.6）surprise(使惊奇，v.), surprise(惊奇，n.), surprising(令人惊讶的,adj.), surprised(感到惊讶的，adv), surprisingly(令人惊讶地,adv.)a. I was surprised to hear that Tom had failed his exam.b. Aunt Sophia paid us a surprise visit last Sunday.c. Surprisingly our team lost for the first time in ten years.d. The news surprised all of us.e. It is not surprising that Jack got fired – he was always daydreaming at work.f. A look of surprise came into his eyes as he read the telegram (电报).7）please(使喜欢，v.), pleasure(愉快，n.), pleasant(令人愉快的，adj.), pleasing(令人高兴的，adj.), pleasantly(令人愉快地，adv.)a. I was pleasantly surprised to find it so easy to pick up new words while reading simplified novels.b. You’ll soon find it isn’t an easy job to try and please everybody in the office.c. It was particularly pleasing to be in this wild area, and to enjoy the unique feelings of peace that only mountainscan inspire.d. Dr. Wang takes great pleasure in helping children to learn painting.e. It was pleasant to sit down in the shade after standing for hours in the sun.8）admire(赞美，羡慕，v.), admiration(赞美，羡慕，n.), admirable(令人钦佩的，adj.), admiring(赞赏的，钦佩的，adj.), admired(赞美的，钦佩的，adj.), admiringly(钦佩地，羡慕地，adv.)a. All those who know him admire him for his frankness (坦白，率直).b. If our admiration is true, genuine, and progressive we will in the end come to admire the good and cease to admire the bad.c. There is nothing so admirable as a man who sacrifices his life and happiness for others.d. He never wrote entirely admiring reviews: “It’s the essence (本质) of a book never to be pe rfect,” he said, “so its writer must expect to come in for a little criticism.”e. He came into the sitting-room, where he looked round admiringly at my furniture and books.f. For twenty years, in fact, he was the most active and admired humanist(人文学者) in the world.9）astonish(使惊讶，v.), astonishment(惊讶，n.), astonishing(可惊讶的，adj.),astonished(惊讶的，adj.), astonishingly(可惊讶地，adv.)a. Lawson, while neither tactful (机敏的) nor popular, was astonishingly successful for a long period.b. She coped with the press with astonishing skill for someone who was just nineteen years old.c. To his astonishment, Judy threw her arms about him and hugged and kissed him.d. Why, Mamma, I could astonish you with a great many words you never heard in your life.e. “I work there,” he replied simply, and when he saw her astonished expression he set his glass down and began to explain.4. 中译英(translation)1. 据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。
现代大学英语精读1（第二版）unit1语法学习整理版
现代大学英语精读1（第二版）unit1语法学习整理版Unit 1Close reading:1 clutch: vt. to hold sth. or sb. tightly, esp. because you are frightened, in pain, or do not want to lose something Synonymshold/ seize/ grip/ grasp/ grab/ snatchExamples:.Tom fell to the ground, clutching his stomach..A woman clutching a baby stole an elderly woman’s purse.clutch at: to try hard to hold sth., esp. when you’re in a dangerous situation Example:A drowning man will clutch at a straw.(to try hard to find a sign of hope or a solution, even when they are not likely to exist in a difficult or dangerous situation) clutching his right hand:present participle used to modify verb (walked), showing the manner in which the narrator walked Examples from the text:1). My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)2). “I’m not punishing you,” he said, laughing. (4)3). The bell rang, announcing the passing of the day and the end of work. (17)2 as: “As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason.Example:As you weren’t there I left a message.As she’s been ill perhaps she’ll need some help.3 throw sb. into/out of a place:to force sb. to enter/leave aplaceExamples:They’ll throw me out (of school)if I fail three exams.Anyone who opposes the regime is liable to be thrown into jail/prison.lined with gardens/planted with crops, pears, and date palms: past participle phrase used here to modify “a street” and “fields” respectively.What is the language spoken in that area?They are problems left over by history.4 Why school?: elliptical questionWhy do I have to go to school?Father: We’ll go to Tianjin this weekend.Daughter: What for?(Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin?)What have I done?: rhetorical questionI don’t think I’ve done anythin g wrong to be punished like this.Rhetorical question—one that expresses strong feeling or opinion and doesn’t require an answer.Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?Can’t you see I’m busy? (Don’t disturb me!)What good is a promise for an unemployed worker?Features: question form, definite answeroften used in argument and/or persuasion5 make… (out) of sb./sth.: to make sb./sth. become…The army made a man of him.Hardships help make a man of a boy.6 convince: vt. to make sb. feel certain that sth. is trueExamples:I couldn’t convince him of his mistake.I managed to convince them that the story was true.7there is no good/use to be had in doing sth. or it is no good/use doing sth.It’s no good crying over spilt milk.There is no good to be had in crying over spilt milk.tearing me away from /throwing me into: verbal noun as the object of the preposition1).We had difficulty in finding a parking lot.2). There’s no point in waiting.tear sb. away from: make sb. leave a placeCan’t y ou tear yourself away from the TV for dinner?8vast and full:adjective phrase modifies “the courtyard”1).There’s nothing wrong with the computer.2). Can you recommend some books easy for freshmen to read?3). It was a conference fruitful of results.Features: When used as an attribute modifier, adjective phrases are often placed after the noun.Cling(1)to hold tightly; to refuse to let go紧紧抓住或抱住e.g. The little girl clung to her mother. 小女孩紧紧抱住她的妈妈。
现代大学英语精读复习资料
句子解析Lesson 1Paragraph1. The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in its best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that tim e economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents. At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. …the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.10. Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talks about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.Lesson 3Paraphrase2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign "cultural assault".3. …where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand……in China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5. Westernization… is a phenomenon shot with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.…westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6. You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you don't need to be fashionable yourself.All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.From the very beginning I knew I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global culture as globalization,to guide me through such a great variety of cultural phenomena.10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson 6Paraphrase1.Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.The fact that we do not have evidence showing that there is life beyond earth does not mean that we can come to the conclusion that there is actually no life beyond earth.5.True believers and skeptics rarely go over to the other side.Neither those who genuinely believe that space aliens are lurking in our midst nor those who firmly reject such an idea are unlikely to change their views and join the other side.6.The alien is a Hollywood stock character but not a Hollywood creation.The alien is a character used too much in Hollywood films so it has become hackneyed, but the idea of extraterrestrial life was not first brought up by Hollywood.7.…the absence of detectable life on Mars put exobiology into a two-decade funk.…the fact that no life had been detected on Mars was a terrible blow to exobiology which did not recover from the blow in the following twenty years.8.Everyone realized the historical glory of being right about these purported microfossils—andthe reciprocal tarnish of being wrong.Everyone knew that if what appeared to be microfossils were confirmed to be such,then the discovery would be of historic significance; but if they proved to be something else,the adverse effect that followed would be equally dramatic.9.…if you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and played it again, you’d wind up with agenetically identical human being the second time around....if evolution on earth were to take place a second time,a human being who is genetically similar to us would be the result of such evolution.10.So before we worry about out dealings with the Galactic Empire, we have some seriousfieldwork to do closer to home.Since there is so much work we need to do here in this world.Let us first concentrate on doing some solid research,let us first concentrate on doing some solid research and drop discussions about drafting messages to another civilization out there. Lesson 9Paragraph1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2. But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim,unrelenting advance of the U.S. Cavalry.The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand why the U.S. Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3. My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years. Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.6. From one point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log,for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7. The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First, they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not wants to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10. I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely custom and company.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time.But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what she represented would last forever).Lesson 10Paragraph:1. We still remember that ass assinated world as idyllic, secure…., we will speak of it in the reverent tones reserved for the dead.In our memory , the pre-September 11 world was peaceful ,happy and safe (overlooking the fact that this was not the case) and we will talk about those days with a feeling of deep respect and love which can only be found in talking about dead people.2. ...the spoils of war include some of our most cherished values and liberties.In order to win the war, we might have to give up some of our basic values and liberties we treasure most.4. …which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue, when actually the spectrum of emotions, ideas and opinions is, like America itself, multihued.…which thinks that people the public isthinking simply and uniformly, in new patriotism, but fails to recognize that the emotions, ideas and the emotions, ideas and opinions are as varied as the country itself.5. We too are mired near the bottom of Maslow’s pyramid, struggling to regain our lost sense of safety and security.The terrorist attacks put the American at the bottom of the pyramidaccording to Maslow’s scheme, trying to regain their sense of physical safety, the lowest type of safety.6. …it is something we associate with repressive regimes, not with partic ipatory democracies. American people hold that they practice rule of law and law protects individual rights and freedom. To them, violation of individual rights and suppression of dissenting voices can only be found in repressive regimes.7. There was a relaxing of the rampant materialism, along with its ugly stepsisters isolation and compulsion, that has been the undoing of community in this country.People began to put less emphasis on the pursuit of wealth and possession of worldly goods. And the other two dangerous symptoms that went in company with materialism, also became less serious.Materialism, together with isolation and compulsion, had been the cause of the ruin of community in this country.10. We tend these images like poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden.In spite of the fact that these images are horrible images, images of appalling atrocity, we still take care to keep these images alive.评论分析Unit 31. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”.(1). Metaphor is employed/used in this statement.(2). She compares dangers in habits and dreams to tectonic shifts, which are powerful and profound.2.…a sort of cultural cloning will result from what they regard as the “culture assault” of McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, Disney, Nike, MTV and the English language itself.(1).Theauthor employs a rhetorical device of metaphor.(2). She compares cultural imitation to cultural cloning.3.In Los Angeles, the ostensible fountainhead of the world cultural degradation, I saw more diversity than I could ever have supposed…(1). Metaphor is employed in this statement.(2). She compares Los Angeles to a head of fountainhead.4. We go to a smallish’50s-style diner in a slightly seedy pocket east of Hollywood that has just become trendy.(1). Metaphor is used in this statement.(2). She compares the small and isolated area to a small pocket in our coat.5. This being America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the result.(1). Metaphor is used in this statement.(2). The writer compares the combination of the two passions to a marriage.6. …it is still played all over Asia in small rooms that are full of smoke…(1). Antonomasia is employed in the statement.(2). The small rooms that are full of smoke stand for lower-middle-class people in Asia.7. It is also played by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side.(1). Antonomasia is used in the statement.(2). Beverly Hills and Manhattan’s Upper West Side stand for upper class, residential area and social status.8. Once a city of elegant villas and imposing office buildings, Shanghai is currently ripping itself to ribbons. In a decade scores of gleaming new skyscrapers have shot up to crowd and jostle the skyline, cramp the narrow winding streets, and choke the parks and open spaces with their sheersoaring presence.(1). Contrast is used in the statement.(2). She puts old Shanghai and current Shanghai as a pair in contrast. Though the contrast, we can know her attitude. (She likes old Shanghai more)9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through wilds of global cultural.(1). Contrast is used in the statement.(2). She compares some theories to compass which can help me in my study of global cultural.Unit61. Life has a way of being obvious, and yet it’s notoriously difficult to define in absolute terms. There may be no scientific mystery so tantalizing…and yet so resistant to an answer.With instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists have discovered a bewildering amount of cosmic turf, and yet they still know of only a single inhabited world.(1). This structure is used to show contrast.(2). There’s a common structure in the three statements: “and yet”.2. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.(1). Chiasmus is employed in this statement.(2). It makes the idea brief and succinct3. Mars is in the midst of a full-scale invasion from Earth…(1). Metaphor is employed in this statement.(2). He compares full-scale investigation and study of Mars to full-scale invasion.4. Many scientists don’t wonder why aliens are buzzing the earth in flying saucers—they wonder why they aren’t.(1). Structure should be noted in this statement.(2). The use and reverse use of negative and positive elements in the two parts of this statement, such use makes the idea stand out and the sentence more humorous.5. Missing from the debate, typically, was the one ingredient of a truly persuasive argument: evidence.(1). Inversion is used in this statement.(2). Immersion is used here for both of connection.6. In fact, he wrote, the Martians would certainly have to be superior to us. He reasoned…showed them to be of a more advanced character than our own squabbling selves.(1). The writer is being satirical here.(2). In fact, this is a criticism of human beings of wars and personal conflicts on earth.7. The Martians, alas, were doomed, except as cultural artifacts.The word “alas” should hav e expressed pity, sorrow, regret, but here the writer is being humorous, we could only final aliens in drama, novel and films.8. Though the mission was a fantastic triumph of science and technology, the absence of detectable life on Mars put exobiology into a two-decade funk.(1). Contrast is employed in this statement.(2). A fantastic triumph of science and technology is pitted against a two-decade funk.9. So began, that day, an enduringly divisive scientific debate.(1). Inversion is used in this statement.(2). Inversion is used here for both of connection.10. Mars has no such mechanism, and this seemingly minor deficiency may be the reason Mars lost most of its atmosphere.“M echanism”, “seemingly”, “minor”, “deficiency” are key s in this statement. The writer is being humorous when he uses these words and phrases. Because of the atmosphere is very important and necessary for life.11. It is not clear yet that a brain like ours is necessarily a long-term advantage.The author is being satirical when he says “a brain like ours is not a long-term advantage.” Owing to with this brain, we made many mistakes. The world would be better if we haven’t had the brain like ours.Unit101. …as pre-9/11 world drifts away on its raft of memory…(1). Metaphor is employed in this statement.(2). He compares the memory of pre-9/11 world to a raft.2. Meanwhile, post 9/11 era looms like an unmapped wilderness.(1). Simile is used in this statement.(2). He compares post 9/11 era to an unmapped wilderness.3. …which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue, when actually the spectrum of emotions, ideas and opinions is, like America itself, multihued.(1). Metaphor is used in this statement.(2). He compares different kinds of emotions, ideas and opinions to spectrum.4. Community cannot compete with shopping malls or 200 satellite television channels, with Gameboys or the 70-hour workweek.(1). Metonymy is employed in this statement.(2). Shopping malls stand for materialism.5. This Frankensteinian creation asserts that consumption is an American value, extols the nepenthean powers of the dollar…(1). Allusion is employed in this statement.(2). He thinks that Frakensteinian creation is a self-destructive creation.6. A mushroom cloud blooming over a seaport city, a human being with her skin burned off, a skeletal corpse embracing a child size skeletal corpse.(1). Metaphor is used in this statement.(2). A mushroom cloud refers to a large cloud of rubble and rust, shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion.7. We tend these images like poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden…(1). Simile is used in this statement.The writer compares tragic things as the ground zero to the poisonous flowers in the nightmare garden.8. What messages do Hiroshima and Babi Yar, or Dresden and Antietam, have for us? Antonomasia is employed in this statement.The name of these places stand for the events took place in these places.9. How do we move from anxiety to action? From insecurity to confidence, from national paranoia to collective poise?(1). Contrast is used in this statement.(2). National paranoias are pitted against collective poise.10. Is our democracy so fragile that four airplane bombs can erode 225 years of liberty?(1). Parody is employed in this statement.(2). He uses this rhetorical device to achieve ironical effect.。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读(1)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Uni
Unit 11一、词汇短语Text Aspear [] n. 矛，枪；梭标vi. 刺，戳；（植物）发芽成茎【例句】The hunter threw a spear at the lion. 猎人将长矛射向狮子。
【助记】形意近pierce刺穿；音：死+ bear熊，把熊弄死的矛。
shiver [] v. 颤抖，发抖；打碎，碎裂n. （无法控制的）颤抖，碎片【例句】The divers were shivering with cold. 那些潜水员冷得直打颤。
【词组】shiver with因…而发抖【助记】血哇（看见血害怕呀）颤抖【派生】shivering adj. 颤抖的cub [] n.（狮、虎等的）幼兽vi.生育幼兽【例句】You cheeky young cub! 你这莽撞的毛头小伙子！【词组】cub scout 幼童军cub reporter 初出茅庐的新闻记者cub pilot见习领港员wiggle [] v. (使)踌躇，摆动n.踌躇，摆动【例句】Stop wiggling and sit still! 不要摇摇晃晃的，坐著别动！【词组】get a wiggle on赶快，加紧wiggle out of从…挣脱出来【助记】读：喂狗，狗的尾巴就会wiggle。
mischievous [] adj. 淘气的, 恶作剧的；有害处的【例句】The little boy is as mischievous as a monkey.这个小男孩像猴子一样调皮。
【词组】a mischievous look, smile, trick 调皮的样子、微笑、花招a mischievous letter, rumour 恶意中伤的信、谣言【助记】来自mischief mis + chief 首领，头，对头不利→伤害；mis + achieve 达到，完成，没有，不让完成→损害，恶作剧chase [] n. 追赶，追击vt. 追赶，追逐；雕镂【例句】Why do modern people chase material possessions? 为什么现在的人们追求物质财富？【词组】chase after 追逐；追赶chase down 找出give chase (to)追赶；追击in chase of追赶【派生】chaser n.驱逐舰；猎人poke [] v. 戳，刺，伸（头）；搜索，探问【例句】A seal poked its head out of the water. 一只海豹把头探出了水面。
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复习题
1.exertion n. great effort
2.clutch v. to hold tightly
3.irritated adj. annoyed and impatient
4.alternative n. choice
5.breeze n. a light gentle wind
6.apparently adv. Seemingly; as it seems
7.irritation n. the feeling of being annoyed about sth.
8.curiosity n. the desire to learn and know
9.blink v. to shut and open one’s eyes quickly
10.chuckle v. to laugh inwardly or quietly
11.exhausted adj. very tired
12.hatred n. feelings of strong dislike
13.fortyish adj. about 40
14.idiot n. a foolish person
15.display v. to show information
16.infancy n. early childhood; babyhood
17.conquer v. to defeat or overcome
18.ignorance n. having no knowledge or information
19.crack n. a sudden loud noise like the sound of a stick being broken
20.barter v. to exchange goods for other goods without the use of money
21.destination n. a place sb. is going to
22.chill v. to make sb. or sth. cold
23.gamble n. a risky action or decision
24.faint adj. not strong or clear; weak
25.doubtful adj. uncertain; feeling unsure
26.acceptance n. the act of agreeing with what sb. says or does
27.bloom v. (of flowers) to open or to be open
28.conscious adj. determined and intentional
29.deny v. to say that sth. is not true
30.amaze v. to fill with great surprise
31.barely adv. Only just; no more than; hardly; almost
32.cast v. to throw
33.dine v. to eat dinner
34.gloomy adj. dark, esp. in a way that seems sad
35.extend v. to continue for a longer distance or time
36.bubble v. to make a sound like water boiling
37.condemn v. to criticize, to censure
38.eventually adv. in the end
39.flourish v. to grow quickly in a healthy way
40.fulfill v. to perform a duty or a task with satisfaction
1. permission n.act o allowing
2. simultaneously adj.happening or done at exactly the same time
3. seedling n. a young plant
4. patch n. a small area of ground
5. warder n.the head of a prison
6. oddly adv.Unusually; in an unusual way
7. release v. to let go; to stop holding sth.
8. spectator n.(here) an onlooker
9. motto n. a short statement used as a guide to behavior.
10. recall v.to remember sth.
11. shabby adj.in bad repair or condition often due to age
12. rarely adv.not very often
13. numerous adj.many; countless
14. perspective n. a way of thinking about of looking at sth.
15. spout v.gush; squirt; to send out with great force
16. unexpected adj.not anticipated
17. soar v.to fly high up in the sky
18. sincerity n.the quality of being honest and true
19. thorn n.sharp pointed growth on a plant
20. wretched adj..very unhappy
21. sill n.the narrow shelf at the base of a window frame
22. sloppy adj.careless about clothes
23. slender adj. slim
24. thrill n. a sudden strong feeling of excitement or pleasure
25. replace v.to take the place of
26. scent n. a pleasant smell
27. strip n. a narrow piece
28. textile n.any material made by weaving
29. mustache n.hair growing on a man’s upper lip
30. passion n.very strong feelings(of hate, anger, love)
31. protest v.to complain
32. withdrawal n.the act of taking money out of a bank account
33. revolve v.to move or turn in a circle around a central point
34. misgivings n.(pl.)feelings of doubt and fear
35. startled adj. surprised and often slightly frightened
36. opportunity n. a chance
37. nap n. a short sleep
38. shimmer v.to shine with a soft trembling light
39. topmost adj.highest
40. murmur v.to say sth. In a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear clearly II. Complete the sentences, using the proper form of the expressions listed below. III. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions or adverbs. (1'×10=10')
IV.Reading (20%)
V.Translation (25′) 汉译英（书后）英译汉课文段落。
position (15′)。