现在分词作状语有几种形式
现在分词作状语的分类
现在分词作状语的分类现在分词作状语的分类☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如：▲doing sth.作时间状语：﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened.﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.▲doing sth.作原因状语：Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.▲doing sth.作结果状语：﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作状语有几种形式有用课件
独立式现在分词作状语
总结词
强调动作的独立性和完整性
详细描述
独立式现在分词作状语时，通常强调动作的独立性和完整性。例如，在句子“Sitting at the table, he started to read his book.”中，“Sitting at the table”是独立式现在分词作状语，强调了他坐 在桌子旁开始读书的动作独立于主句，且具有完整性。
动词不定式作状语
总结词
表达目的、原因等意义，增强句子丰富性
详细描述
动词不定式作状语时，通常表示目的、原因等意义，增强了句子的丰富性。例如 ，在句子“To pass the exam, she spent all night studying.”中，“To pass the exam”是动词不定式作状语，表示她花费一整晚学习是为了通过考试。
要点二
结果
使用现在分词作状语可以表达某个事件或动作发生后的结 果。例如，“他讲了一个笑话，大家都笑了起来。”
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现在分词作状语与其它结 构区别
与独立主格结构区别
独立主格结构
不能单独使用，需要与主句共用一个主语， 常用于描述伴随状况或补充说明。
现在分词作状语
可以单独使用，表达的动作与主句的主语一 致，通常用于描述原因、方式或伴随状况。
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现在分词作状语的有用性
表达时间关系
时间名词
使用现在分词作状语可以更清晰地表达某个事件或动作发生 的时间点或时间段。例如，“正在跑步的时候，突然下起了 雨。”
描述先后顺序
使用现在分词作状语可以描述两个或多个事件或动作之间的 先后顺序关系。例如，“完成作业后，我开始准备晚餐。”
描述伴随状况
伴随状况
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语一、时间状语1.分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。
译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如：Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done 的形式。
分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
现在分词作状语有几种形式-有用
(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school.
c. They opened fire, killing one of our patrolmen.
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Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
They stood there for an hour ,watching the game.
Don’t just stand there doing nothing.
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
=If we judge…
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Generally speaking, every spy has a contact.
Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
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注意2：分词作状语时，分词和 句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主 谓关系
逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作 由句子的主语发出或承受．
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We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们 发出
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
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He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
现在分词作状语英语
英语现在分词作状语现在分词具有动词的一些特征，所以现在分词也有时态与语态的变化，同时它又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，所以分词在句中可以充当表语、定语、补语与状语的功能作用。
(一）现在分词的形式（以动词do为例）（二）作状语1)表时间(When) Crossing the street, the old man was run over by a car.Having done his homework,he went out for a walk.2）表原因Not knowing Chinese, he couldn’t understand what I said.3）表条件(If ) Working hard, you will be successful some day.4）表让步(Though) working hard, he didn’t obtain the scholarship.5）表方式或伴随状态They went to the nature park, singing and talking6）结果The boy dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.（三）与状语从句互换分词作状语当表时间、原因、条件、让步时可以与状语从句互换（分词作状语就相当于一个状语从句）1）表时间Crossing the street（=When the old man was crossing）, the old man was run over by a car.Having done his homework(After he had done his homework ),he went out for a walk.2）表原因Not knowing Chinese(=Because he didn’t know Chinese ), he couldn’t understand what I said.3）表条件Working hard( If you work hard ), you will be successful some day.4）表让步Working hard (Though he worked hard) , he didn’t obtain the scholarship.5）表方式或伴随状态They went to the nature park, singing and talking （不好互换）6）表结果The boy dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces. （不好互换）注意问题：1.要熟练掌握现在分词的四种表达形式。
现在分词作状语
4. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _____ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (福建2010) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
Having been translated ______________________into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world. ( translate ) Having finished _____________his homework , he went to bed. ( finish )
T
Practice
单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. speaking
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. pointing 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. Knock 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. making
现在分词作状语-过去分词作状语-表语-宾补-定语
V-ing（此刻分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词 )作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．此刻分词的形式形式主动形被动形式否认形式式一般式doing being notdone doing/beingdone达成式having having notdone been done having(been)done二．此刻分词作状语辨析：动词的 -ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的差别。
句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by awhen,while,as,after 等指引car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was 的时间状语从句knocked over by a car.2.作原由状语，相当于Having eaten too much,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because heas,because,since等指引的原had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.因状语从句3.作条件状语，相当于Using your head,you'll find a good way. =If you use yourif,once,unless等指引的条件head, you'll find a good way.状语从句4. 作方式或陪伴状语，相当于Four people entered the room looking around in a curiousand 连结的并列谓语动词。
way. =Four people entered the room and looked around ina curious way.5. 作结果状语，可扩展为有并It rained heavily,causing flooding in that city.=It列谓语的句子。
非谓语动词之现在分词作状语
7. The bell _______ the end of the period
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. pointing
6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. Knock 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. making
Working hard, you’ll surely
succeed.
If you work hard
Because he was poor
2). Being poor, he couldn’t afford
a TV set. (原因)
As we don’t know her address
Not knowing her address, we
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing
11. ______in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
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（2）相当于时间状语从句
Turning around (=When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up.
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(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或 补充说明等
The students went away, running and laughing.
当堂练习 _____for a long time, the book looks old. Used 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧. ______ the book, I find it useful. Using 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. ________ at her, he jumped with joy. (look) Looking _______at by her, he jumped with joy. (look) Looked
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单句改错 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. speaking
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现在分词的独立结构为名词或代 词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的 逻辑主语 Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday. He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
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分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑 主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来 修饰全句
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province. =If we judge…
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Generally speaking, every spy has a contact. Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were followed) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)
过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
pp和v-ing各有两大特点： 1. pp 表示被动的动作； v-ing表示主动
的动作 2. pp 表示已经完成的动作; v-ing 表示正 在进行的动作
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分词作状语答题记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动-ing,被动用-ed。 Having done 表先后， 千万要牢记。
Having been done 是Having done的被动态
分词的独立主格结构 如果分词和句子没有逻辑上 的主谓关系，则不能用单个的 分词作状语，可以用分词的独 立主格结构或状语从句．
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高考链接
1.The secretary worked late into the B night, _____a long speech for the president. A. To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语 2.European football is played in 80 countries, A it the most popular sport in the world. ______ A. Making B. makes 现在分词表结果状语 C. made D. to make
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(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
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(5)表示条件 If playing all day ,you will waste your valuable time.
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比较现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别
1. Following the old man, we went upstairs. (we followed ) (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)5来自(1)相当于原因状语从句
a. Being ill, she didn’t go to school today. =As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,…
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A 3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily point
D. and angrily pointing
现在分词作伴随状语
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C a reply, he decided to write again. 4. ____ A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否 定词通常放在现在分词前面。
分词作状语
教学内容 1.分词作状语 2.独立主格结构
教学重难点
1.分词做状语时分词逻辑主语的确定 2.分词做状语时分词形式的选择 3.独立主格结构的使用条件及其形式 的选择
教学过程
•复习现在分词的各种时态和语态 •现在分词作状语 •现在分词做状语与过去分词作状 语的区别 •独立主格结构
现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语相当于状语从 句可表时间，原因，方式，伴 随情况，结果或条件等