光伏发电外文翻译

附录A 英文文献1.The world's current situation and development of photovoltaic industry forecastSolar cells is the use of the material effects of photovoltaic solar energy into electrical energy directly to the semiconductor devices, also known as photovoltaic cells. In 1954, the first practical silicon solar cells (η = 6%) and the first atomic power station at the same time in the United States was born in 1959 into the space solar cell applications, the energy crisis in 1973 after the application step by step to the ground.Photovoltaic power generation is divided into independent grid photovoltaic systems and photovoltaic systems. Independent PV power station, including the villages in remote areas the power supply system, solar household power system, communications, signal power, cathodic protection, such as solar street lamps withbatteries can run independently of the photovoltaic power generation system.Grid PV system is connected with the power grid to feed electricity grid PV power system. Currently technically achievable grid PV power system in the way: housing fixed-grid system and power plant system of the desert. Use of the existing roof system is the effective area of the roof construction, installation and network of photovoltaic power generation system, the size of a few kWp generally ranging from several MWp. Desert power plant is uninhabited desert area in the development and construction of large-scale photovoltaic power generation systems and networks, the size of several GWp from the 10MWp size. In recent years, the rapid increase in solar cell production, for 8 years in 30% growth in 2004, even more than the annual growth rate of 60 percent, reaching 1200MW.2.The Chinese PV market and industry status2.1 China's solar market developmentChina started research on solar cells in 1958, in 1971, China successfully launched the first applies to the 2nd satellite Dongfanghong. Started in 1973 for ground-based solar cells. China's photovoltaic industry in 80 years ago is still in embryonic form, the annual production of solar cells has been hovering below 10KW, price is also very expensive.As a result of restrictions on prices and production, market development is very slow, and apart from, as the satellite power supply, on the ground only for low-power solar power systems, such as beacon lights, railway signal systems, weather station equipment alpine electricity, electricity Wai field, black light, fluorescent lamps, such as DC power is normally a few watts to tens of watts. In the "65" (1981-1985) and "75" (1986-1990), the countries of photovoltaic PV industry and to give support for the development of the market, the central and local governments invested in the photovoltaic certain funds, makes a very weak solar industry hasbeen consolidated and applied in many areas of the model, such as microwave relay stations, communications system units, gates and oil pipeline cathodic protection systems, rural carrier telephone system, small households and villages with power supply system systems. At the same time, "75" period, the domestic has introduced from abroad a number of solar cell production line, in addition to the amorphous silicon, a 1MW battery production line, the other is single crystal silicon cell production line, making China's solar cell production capacity increased to 4.5MWp / years, the price is also from "75" early 80 yuan / Wp dropped to 40 yuan / Wp around.After the nineties, with the shape of China's photovoltaic industry and to lower costs to the industrial application areas and application of the development of rural electrification, the market steadily expanding, and are included in the national and local government plans, such as Tibet "Project Sunshine" "bright work", "Ali photovoltaic project in Tibet", optical fiber communication power, oil pipeline cathodic protection, radio and television every village, a large-scale promotion of rural households with photovoltaic power systems. The 21st century, particularly in the last 3 years of "power to the villages," the project, two billion state investment, the installation of 20MW, to solve our country's 800 townships without electricity power problems in China's PV market to promote rapid, substantial increase in .At the same time, grid demonstration project began rapid development, from 5kW, 10kW to 100kW development of more than 1MW Expo in Shenzhen in 2004 and works as a grid PV applications in China highlights. The end of 2004, China's total installed capacity of photovoltaic systems reached approximately 65MW.Shenzhen, Shantou, Guangzhou and Zhejiang, solar garden lights, a large number of exports, with annual sales of as much as 500 million. Garden of the cells used are usually imported, and then with plastic packaging, simple process. The 6MW cells by as much as a year is a large solar applications (which are not into statistics).2.2 China's status of the industrialization of solar cellsAlthough the rapid development of China's photovoltaic industry, the size and technological level of industry have been raised accordingly. But compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap, such as: the degree of domestic raw materials-specific is not high, species was incomplete, already made materials and components, its performance is lower than abroad, such as silver, aluminum paste, EV A, etc. . Packaging components suede low iron glass, TPT has not yet been put on the market.The upper reaches of small photovoltaic industry chain, the lower reaches of large imbalances, the most serious is that the production of solar grade polysilicon is blank, entirely dependent on imports. The difference between the part of other aspects of the need to import,such as cells, silicon ingot / silicon, supporting materials.The level of industrial equipment design and manufacturing capabilities behind. Poly-silicon casting furnace, wire sawing, breaking completely the need to import ingot; PECVD silicon nitride deposition equipment, screen printing presses,battery-chipsorting machines, welding machines and other series can not meet the performance needs of modern production. These devices will need to introduce a full set, and so on.These gaps with the R&D base and weak industrial base. Enterprises through the introduction of digestion and absorption in a short period of time a modern photovoltaic industry, but supporting a special materials and equipment also can not keep up, in which the solar-grade polysilicon material particularly conspicuous. Countries should be organized photovoltaic industry with chemical, mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturing industries joint research, at the same time actively seeking international cooperation in solar-grade silicon as the breakthrough point, to avoid the technology of semiconductor-grade silicon blockade.3.China's PV market forecasting and planning proposals"11, the five" period, should be the implementation of the rural off-grid photovoltaic power generation plan, the implementation of open terrain (desert) and large-scale PV power station network pilot projects, as well as "central cities and the construction of photovoltaic net" plan as a priority. For the commercial development of PV will also be actively support policies and support.3.1 Rural off-grid photovoltaic power generation plansThere are about 28,000 of China's villages, 7 1 million, 3,000 million people without electricity. These are the distribution of the population without electricity in western China and a number of islands, some of which are villages without electricity using diesel generators for power generation, power supply 2-3 hours per day; some did not even diesel generators can only point of butter lamps, kerosene lamp and candle lighting. These areas without electricity have a wealth of solar energy resources, photovoltaic power generation in this region has a vast market prospect.Rural electricity supply problem has been through the "power to the villages," the fundamental solution works. There are villages without electricity and household electric power supply issues need to be resolved. If every village without electricity in accordance with the 10KWp, households without electricity in accordance with each 400Wp planning, taking into account the expansion of the power station has been built, the potential market is around 3,000 MWp.From the current policy of national strength and perspective, by 2010, for the full settlement of the western region of more than 50 villages without electricity and 15% of households living without electricity electricity issues 2006 and-2010 years, 10,000 to settle the village without electricity and 100 million households without electrical power problems, the amount of new photovoltaic 265MWp, accumulated solar for rural electrification to reach 300 MWp.3.2 Open to large-scale photovoltaic power plant construction and networkFrom the current policy of national strength and perspective, by 2010, should be open to carry out large-scale photovoltaic power plant tests, the test site chosen should have the following conditions: close to the trunk power system (preferably within 50 kilometers), in order to reduce the additional transmission line of investment; backbone grid of sufficient bearing capacity, in the case of non-modified PV power station capable of transmission of electricity; load center distance of 100 kilometers in order to reduce transmission losses; if there is no electricity near load centers, the best large-scale hydropower, photovoltaic power station could be pumped-storage power through the conversion. Planning to establish by 2010, Block 2-3 of about 10-20MWp open to (desertification) pilot demonstration power plant, with a total installed capacity reached 30MWp, to test their technical and economic feasibility. 2010-2020 open to the formal start of China (desertification) of photovoltaic power station planned for 2010-2020 new installed PV power station 11,970 MWp, to open by the end of 2020 to a total of (Desert) photovoltaic power plants installed 12GWp.中文翻译1.世界光伏产业现状和发展预测太阳电池是利用材料的光生伏打效应直接将太阳能变成电能的半导体器件，也称光伏电池。