大学生方程式赛车设计(制动与行走系统设计)

大学生方程式赛车设计（制动与行走系统设计）

摘要

Formula SAE赛事1980年在美国举办第一次比赛，现在已经是为汽车工程学会的学生成员举办的一项国际赛事，其目的是设计、制造一辆小型的高性能方程式赛车，并使用这辆自行设计和制造的赛车参加比赛。中国大学生方程式赛车比赛的组织与开展始于2010年，至今已成功举办了三届。

本文主要阐述了在中国大学生方程式汽车大赛组委会制定的规则下，如何设计一辆Formula SAE 赛车的制动系统。设计采用的是前盘后盘的液压双回路制动系方案。它的工作原理是利用与车身(或车架)相连的非旋转元件和与车轮(或传动轴)相连的旋转元件之间的相互摩擦来阻止车轮的转动或转动趋势，亦即由制动踏板的踏板力通过推杆和主缸活塞，使主缸油液在一定压力下流入轮缸，并通过轮缸活塞推使制动衬片夹紧制动盘产生摩擦力矩，从而产生制动力，使车轮减速直至停车。

由于赛车本身质量较小，很多地方不能按常规的设计方法进行设计，我主要采用了市场调研的方法，先选取一些类似的车型，依据它们的制动系统结合赛车的实际情况反复验证，通过极限算法计算出完全制动时制动盘的最小尺寸。同时在极限工况下对几个危险截面的零件的强度进行了校核，使其满足要求。同时利用UG软件进行了建模，以辅助后续工作的顺利进行。

关键词：Formula SAE，赛车，制动，校核

FORMULA RACING BRAKE AND WALKING

SYSTEM DESIGN

ABSTRACT

Formula-SAE launched in the USA in 1980, Formula-SAE is now an international competition for Society of Automotive Engineers student members to form teams for the purpose of designing, building and competing in a small high-performance race car.

The article discusses how to design a Formula SAE car's braking system。My design uses a dual hydraulic disc front after-hours circuit brake system program.How does it work is using the friction between the non-rotating components which are connected to the body (or frame) and the rotation components which are connected to the wheels (or drive shaft) to prevent wheel spin or turn the trend.

That is, from the brake pedal for pedal force by Rod and master cylinder piston, the master cylinder oil flows into the wheel cylinders under some pressure, And through the wheel cylinder piston that brake lining clamping brake friction torque, so as to produce the braking force to the wheels to speed up to park.

As the quality of the car itself is small, many places are not design by the conventional method ，I mainly uses the market research methods, firstly I selected some similar models ，combinating their braking systems and the actual car,I repeatedly verified. by the limit of complete braking algorithm the minimum size of the brake disc.At the same time in extreme conditions,I verified the strength on several dangerous section of parts ,to meets the requirements. At the same time I made use of UG software modeling.

KEY WORD: Formula SAE, racing, brake,design

常用符号表

L汽车轴距, m

m a 汽车满载时总质量，kg

G1 满载前轴负荷，N

h g 质心高度，mm

L1 质心距前轴距,mm

L2 质心距后轴距,mm

R e 车轮有效半径,mm

R r 车轮滚动半径,mm

Z1 地面对前轴的法向反力,N

Z2 地面对后轴的法向反力,N

F f1 前轴车轮的制动器制动力,N

F f2 后轴车轮的制动器制动力,N

F B1 前轴车轮的地面附着力,N

F B2 后轴车轮的地面附着力,N

a 制动减速度

g 重力加速度

F轮胎与地面的附着力

ϕ

F B 汽车承受的总的地面制动力

T f 制动器对车轮的制动力矩

V 汽车行驶速度

β制动力分配系数

ϕ地面附着系数

δ制动轮缸的活塞行程,mm

d w轮缸直径,mm

V m主缸工作容积,