淮安地区闪电活动时空分布特征分析.doc

淮安地区闪电活动时空分布特征分析-关键词闪电定位；闪电密度；闪电强度；江苏淮安Key words lightning location；lightning density；lightning intensity；Huaian Jiangsu雷电（也称为“闪电”）是发生于大气中的一种长距离、大电流、强电磁辐射瞬时放电事件。

自然界的这种强大的放电现象不仅可造成人畜伤亡，引起森林火灾、电力和通信中断等重要灾害，而且还严重干扰电子设备的正常运行。

因此，对闪电活动规律的研究不仅是雷电科学发展的需要，同时也是对雷电灾害进行科学防护的需要。

闪电产生于中尺度对流天气系统，具有显著的局地和时效特征，其闪电活动空间分布特征与当地气候条件、天气系统、地形、下垫面等多种因素有关。

淮安地区处于江苏省北部，地势低平，属于暖温带-亚热带、湿润-半湿润季风气候，是冷暖气流频繁交汇地带[10]。

随着全球变暖，淮安地区高层建筑以及易燃场所不断增加，导致了雷电事故发生更加频繁。

因此，研究淮安地区闪电活动规律对雷电灾害风险评估以及制定防雷减灾对策具有现实意义。

1 材料与方法2 结果与分析2.1 地闪频次分布特征2.2 地闪时间分布特征2.3 地闪空间分布特征闪电密度表示该区域年平均闪电的总次数与该区域面积之比。

该文首先求出淮安地区年平均闪电密度，然后运用surfer软件进行绘图处理。

雷电流幅值概率是国内外对雷电防护研究中所必须考虑的重要参数之一，在雷电绕击、反击计算中具有重要的作用[13]。

根据IEEE工作组以及CIGER分别提出的雷电流幅值累积概率表达式，综合两者特点，归纳出雷电流幅值累积概率计算公式[14]：Pc=1/[1+（I/a）b]其中，Pc为雷电流幅值大于某一个值的累积概率；I为雷电流幅值（kA）；a为中值电流，表示雷电流幅值累积概率大于a 的概率为50%；b为拟合指数。

根据雷电流幅值累积概率计算公式，对淮安地区闪电强度累积概率进行拟合，拟合方程为：Pc=1/[1+（I/31）3.3]可以看出，拟合曲线与实际监测值基本一致，说明了拟合效果较好。

因此，以后在对淮安地区进行雷电灾害风险评估工作时，可以根据上述闪电强度累积概率拟合方程，进行易损性区划等防雷工作研究。

3 结论（4）淮安地区闪电强度大于32 kA的概率小于50%，拟合出大于某雷电流幅值时的累积概率表达式为：Pc=1/[+（I/31）33]。

淮安金华置业有限公司工程管理制度汇编1videoconfere nce , Secretary of the provincial Committee of Xia Baol ong stressed: this year is t he "five water treatment" "357" timetables "for three years to resolve outstanding i ssues, obviously w orked," victory of the year. The County's departme nts at all levels must firmly establish t he "guanghui is gold and silver" gree n devel opme nt conce pt, convi nce d that Castle i s not relaxed, always maintai ning strategi c ability a nd strong determ nation to improve t he environment, consiste ntly playing w ell "five water treatment of" winning the w ar, ever -higher levels of compre hensive well -of f society was built. (A) lay the sewage uphill battle. Thi s year we will "river water quality improved at t he county level , up t o five" this basi c objective grasp of polluti on contr ol that focus, wit h the focus on thre e thing s: a good job, "cle ar rivers" reachi ng the County created. Organi zation "l ook ba ck " special i nspecti on, the County garbage River, bla ck and odorous River is "Dragnet" investigati on, timely rectificati on of problems found i n pla ce firmly to prevent river polluti on re bound. In a ccorda nce wit h the "one-stop strategy",improving the inferior five water quality monitori ng stations w ork this ye ar to e nsure t he Eliminati on of 1 pr ovincial control, five water qual ity secti on 3 muni cipaliti es control led deterioration, e nsure the creation this ye ar of "clear rivers" sta ndar ds. Se cond, pay special atte ntion t o polluti on -cutting construction of nanot ube s. Intercepti ng na not ube s are the basi s of polluti onof water source e ngineering, engi neeri ng, matter of succe ss or fail ure of water management. Ur ban sewage treatment, t o improve "efflue nt from sewage treatment rate, r unning a ccuracy, complia nce" requirement, spee d up the town's support netw ork constr ucti on, i s focusing on nanotubes home "last meters" question. Domestic sewage treatment i n rural area s, thi s year is t he final year of the thre e-year a ction, determi nation to fight and the moment um around, ending the battle on w hich fully to e nsure the realization of all County 648 formed village coverage. Also, be sure to atta ch importance to focus on rural domesti c wastewater treatment facil ity operation a nd ma nagement, ensure that wa stewater treatment facility up a ndrunni ng, role pla y, avoid the "Sun" problem. Third, pay special attenti on to the River Lake pond desilti ng operation. Provi nce now have focuse d on polluti on control of water go to "dig up mud", as the deepeni ng water of this year's "plays". Next, to jump-star an investigation line touche work, implementation pla n according to the pri orities and the programme of work, in accor dance with the "one river one poli cy" requires detaile d clea ning, dre dging pla n, planning ahead of time cleaning out m ud "way out", accordi ng to local conditions to do sludge, promote scientific resour ce utilizati on of silt and mud. (B) the heavy regulation of heavily poll uting industrie s. Poll ution of water must grab the source, wastewater is primarily the sour ce of backwar d producti on ca pacit y, increa se the intensity of淮安金华置业有限公司工程管理制度汇编reatment of heavily polluti ng industrie s. Accordi ng to munici pal, a nd munici pal gover nment de ployme nt of seve n big heavy poll ution industry reg ulation "three years a ction plans", requirements to Decem ber 2016 end of Qi an, all i ncl ude d shut stoppe d eliminate d of enter prise all shut stop ped el iminated in place ; June 30, 2017 Qian, all incl ude d pl ace reg ulation upgra de and agglomerati on restr ucturi ng of enter pr ise by unified standard reg ulation in place , late not sta ndar d of enter prise are im plementation di scontinued; June 30, 2018 Qian, all i ntends Park production of enterpri se relocat ion Park i n pla ce, late not Park of are disconti nue d. In the proce ss of re novation, will focus on four aspects: to firmly close the high e nergy consumpti on a nd heavy poll ution, hopeless e nterpri se gover nance and pr oduction line s, eliminated a number of yearly emission inte nsity, l ow val ue-a dde d products of ba ckward production capacity. Second, we must stri ctly enfor ce the spa ce, total pr oje ct "Trinity" environment a ccess system, promoti ng industry a cce ss and envir onme ntal conditi ons of access of enterpri ses to t he Park, industrial park, i n pri nci ple, no l onger the class on the new pr oje ct. Thir dly, promoti ng repl aceme nt and r econstruction of heav ily polluting i ndustries, mergers and reorgani zations, guide e nterpri ses to e nergy conservation, recycl ing a nd low-carbon a nd clean production, and improve t he level of green devel opme nt. Four to establish a l ong -term supervisi on me cha nism, increase the inte nsity of spe cial inspe ctions, i nvestigate and punish the re ctification is not in pla ce, normal business of running a nti-poll ution i nstallati ons do not. (Iii) linkage t o prom ote flood control wate r, drai nag e, water suppl y, improvi ng water savi ng. Spee d up cr oss ng support river dike rei nforceme nt, and along Pu seawall ex cept i nsura nce rei nforceme nt, and Lake Qia n sl uice, and BA Cao sl uice, and cl oud cover reservoi r, focus flood control drai nage e ngineeri ng constr ucti on, vig orously impleme ntation "strong library" "soli d di" "sprea d row" e ngineeri ng, i ncreased ge ologi cal disaster hi dde n points g overna nce efforts, soli d adva nce small basi n torre nt disa ster governa nce, efforts from esse ntially sol ution ba sin sex, and regional flood contr ol drainag e capa city insufficient of problem. V igorously implement t he pier s, algae and other water source s prote ction and, promoti ng rural dri nking water safety proje cts, setti ng up water prici ng reform and e nvironme ntal prote ction mechani sm, guidi ng water de pth. Furt her soil pollut ion and repai r, strengt hen agri cult ural non -point source poll ution prevention, mountain, wate r, forests, fields, lakes, vari ous e lements mut ual long. Four, manage t o tighten contr ol, to play "thre e to spl it" battle. Xia Baol ong , Secretary of pr ovincial party Committee stressed t hat whil e the "three to split" operation time is over three years, but "three t o split" must conti nue t o catch on, and resolve a split cannot be cha nged. All localities and de partments to t he village a nd "no una uthorise d" created淮安金华置业有限公司工程管理制度汇编编制：淮安金华置业有限公司编号：日期：20XX 年X 月XX 日runni ng, role pla y, avoid the "Sun" problem. Third, pay special attenti on to the River Lake pond desilti ng operation. Provi nce now have focuse d on polluti on control of water go to "dig up mud", as the deepeni ng water of this year's "plays". Next, to jump-star an investigation line touche work, implementation pla n according to the pri orities and the programme of work, in accor dance with the "one river one poli cy" requires detaile d clea ning, dre dging pla n, planning ahead of time cleaning out m ud "way out", accordi ng to local conditions to do sludge, promote scientific resour ce utilizati on of silt and mud. (B) the heavy regulation of heavily poll uting industrie s. Poll ution of water must grab the source, wastewater is primarily the sour ce of backwar d producti on ca pacit y, increa se the intensity of淮安金华置业有限公司工程管理制度汇编reatment of heavily polluti ng industrie s. Accordi ng to munici pal, a nd munici pal gover nment de ployme nt of seve n big heavy poll ution industry reg ulation "three years a ction plans", requirements to Decem ber 2016 end of Qi an, all i ncl ude d shut stoppe d eliminate d of enter prise all shut stop ped el iminated in place ; June 30, 2017 Qian, all i ncl ude d pl ace reg ulation upgra de and agglomerati on restr ucturi ng of enter pr ise by unified standard reg ulation in place , late not sta ndar d of enterprise are im plementation di scontinued; June 30, 2018 Qian, all i ntends Park production of enterpri se relocat ion Park i n pla ce, late not Park of are disconti nue d. In the proce ss of re novation, will focus on four aspects: to firmly close the high e nergy consumpti on a nd heavy poll ution, hopeless e nterpri se gover nance and pr oduction line s, eliminated a number of yearly emission inte nsity, l ow val ue-a dde d products of ba ckward production capacity. Second, we must stri ctly enfor ce the spa ce, total pr oje ct "Trinity" environment a ccess system, promoti ng industry a cce ss and envir onme ntal conditi ons of access of enterpri ses to t he Park,industrial park, i n pri nci ple, no l onger the class on the new pr oje ct. Thir dly, promoti ng repl aceme nt and r econstruction of heav ily polluting i ndustries, mergers and reorgani zations, guide e nterpri ses to e nergy conservation, recycl ing a nd low-carbon a nd clean production, and improve t he level of green devel opme nt. Four to establi sh a l ong -term supervisi on me cha nism, increase the inte nsity of spe cial inspe ctions, i nvestigate and punish the re ctification is not in pla ce, normal business of running a nti-poll ution i nstallati ons do not. (Iii) linkage t o prom ote flood control wate r, drai nag e, water suppl y, improvi ng water savi ng. Spee d up cr oss ng support river dike rei nforceme nt, and along Pu seawall ex cept i nsura nce rei nforceme nt, and Lake Qia n sl uice, and BA Cao sl uice, and cl oud cover reservoi r, focus flood control drai nage e ngineeri ng constr ucti on, vig orously impleme ntation "strong library" "soli d di" "sprea d row" e ngineeri ng, i ncreased ge ologi cal disaster hi dde n points g overna nce efforts, soli d adva ncesmall basi n torre nt disa ster governa nce, efforts from esse ntially sol ution ba sin sex, and regionalflood contr ol drainag e capa city insufficient of problem. V igorously implement t he pier s, algae and other water source s prote ction and, promoti ng rural dri nking water safety proje cts, setti ng up water prici ng reform and e nvironme ntal prote ction mechani sm, guidi ng water de pth. Furt her soil pollut ion and repai r, strengt hen agri cult ural non -point source poll ution preve ntion, mountain, wate r, forests, fields, lakes, vari ous e lements mut ual long. Four, manage t o tighten contr ol, to play "thre e to spl it" battle. Xia Baol ong , Secretary of pr ovincial party Committee stressed t hat whil e the "three to split" operation time is over three years, but "three t o split" must conti nue t o catch on, and resolve a split cannot be cha nged. All localities and de partments to t he village a nd "no una uthorise d" created目录1. 工程部工作职责、架构与建制2. 工程管理程序3. 工程招投标工作管理制度4. 工程部工地检查制度5. 工程技术咨询管理制度6. 材料设备采购管理制度7. 合同管理制度8. 文档管理制度9. 施工图纸会审管理制度10. 工程施工组织设计审查制度11. 设计变更和工程签证管理程序12. 工程质量控制及管理办法13. 工程进度控制及管理办法14. 监理管理办法15. 附件runni ng, rol e play, avoid t he "Sun" pr oblem. T hird, pay spe cial attenti on to the River Lake pond desilting operation. Pr ovinces now have focused on polluti on contr ol of water go to "dig up mud", a s the deepe ning water of this year's "plays". Next, to jump-start an i nvestigation line touches work, impleme ntation plan a ccordi ng to the pri orities a nd the programme of work, in accor dance with t he "one river one poli cy" require s detail ed cl eani ng, dre dging pl an, planning a head of time cleani ng out mud "way out", a ccor ding to l ocal conditi ons t o do sludge, pr omote sci entific resour ce utilization of silt and mud. (B) the heavy regulati on of heavily polluti ng industrie s. Pollution of water must grab t he source, wastewater is primarily the sour ce of ba ckward producti on capacity, i ncrease the inte nsity of工程部工作职责、架构与建制部门目标建立完善工程管理的规范性文件及相关制度，为公司领导层提供技术、信息支持，使公司在规定时间内，以具竞争力的成本，提供高品质及不断改进的住宅产品，在客户中建立优质及物有所值的良好声誉。