2017考研双语新闻阅读：每人每年吃土3.6万毫克
22年英语二考研真题答案
22年英语二考研真题答案22年英语二考研真题答案随着考研的日益普及，越来越多的学生选择考研来提升自己的学术能力和竞争力。
而英语二作为考研英语科目中的一部分，一直备受考生关注。
每年的英语二考试都会有一些热点问题和难点，考生们都希望能够提前了解真题答案，以便更好地备考。
下面将为大家揭晓22年英语二考研真题答案。
第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是英语二考试中的重点和难点，要求考生在有限的时间内阅读一篇或多篇文章，并回答相关问题。
22年英语二考研真题中，阅读理解部分主要包括了两篇文章，分别是关于环保的文章和关于科技发展的文章。
在环保文章中，考生需要回答以下问题：1. What is the main idea of the passage?答案：The main idea of the passage is to discuss the importance of environmental protection and the actions that individuals can take to contribute to it.2. According to the passage, what are the consequences of environmental pollution?答案：The consequences of environmental pollution include climate change, loss of biodiversity, and negative impacts on human health.3. What are some effective ways to reduce environmental pollution?答案：Some effective ways to reduce environmental pollution include reducing waste, conserving energy, and promoting sustainable practices.在科技发展文章中，考生需要回答以下问题：1. What is the main purpose of the passage?答案：The main purpose of the passage is to discuss the impact of technological advancements on society and the challenges they bring.2. According to the passage, what are some positive effects of technological advancements?答案：Some positive effects of technological advancements include improved communication, increased productivity, and enhanced medical treatments.3. What are some challenges that come with technological advancements?答案：Some challenges that come with technological advancements include job displacement, privacy concerns, and ethical dilemmas.第二部分：完形填空完形填空是英语二考试中的另一个重要部分，要求考生根据上下文语境选择合适的单词或词组来填空，以完善文章的意思。
专题08读写综合(回答问题作文)2021年广东中考英语考前冲刺模拟题(3)
专题08 读写综合（回答问题+作文）2021年广东中考英语考前冲刺模拟题（3）（解析版）一A.回答问题请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。
要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。
1．What does “Clear your plate. Say no to waste.” mean?_____________________________________________________________________2．How much food is wasted every year according to the United Nations?_____________________________________________________________________3．Why did the restaurants in Shaanxi serve half portions to their customers?_____________________________________________________________________4．Where can the people in “Clear Plate” exchange pictures?_____________________________________________________________________5．What does Liu Jichen encourage the younger generation to do?_____________________________________________________________________B.书面表达请根据要求完成短文写作。
“一粥一饭当思来之不易，一丝一缕恒念物力维艰”。
勤俭节约是中华民族的优良传统，即使现在我们的生活条件有了极大的提高，我们也不应该浪费资源。
2022年中考英语时事阅读理解专题10 环境污染(学生版+解析版)
时事热点 2022年中考英语阅读理解专题10 环境污染Passage 1（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）Think about what you like to wear on the weekend. There’s a good chance that you like to put on a pair of blue jeans. At any moment, about half of the world’s population is wearing jeans. But according to a new study, our love for jeans may be bad for Earth. Denim （牛仔布）might be putting some sea animals in danger.Every time we wash our jeans, tiny bits of denim will flow out of our washing machines, down into the world’s rivers, lakes and oceans.You might wonder: Isn’t denim made of cotton, a natural material? How can it become a danger to natu re? Well, in the process of making jeans, denim is treated with many types of man-made chemicals. Some improve its durability （耐用性）and feel; others give jeans their blue color.Scientists studied the Great Lakes in America and the Arctic Ocean in northern Canada. They found denim waste in all of the samples （样本）they had collected. It is feared that the harmful chemicals in denim have spread far and wide. Sc ientists aren’t yet sure how these chemicals might harm animals.In the study, the scientists also washed jeans to see how many bits of denim each pair would drop per wash. The answer was frightening: About 50,000. Not all of them make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants hold back 83 to 99 percent of them. This may sound pretty good, However, one percent of 50,000 bits are still 500 per wash. Now think about the number of jeans around the world and the times each of them gets washed. As a result, a large amount of denim waste still gets into the environment.Does this mean we shou ldn’t wear jeans? Probably not “We need to buy fewer jeans and only wash them when we truly need to do it,” says Sam Athey, one of the scientists. “You d on’t need to wash your jeans after having worn them only a couple of times.”1．What influence might denim have on sea animals?A．It might do harm to some sea animals.B．It has no influence on sea animals.C．It is good to all the sea animals.2．Why do people add man-made chemicals when making jeans?①To save the materials and make more money.②To impro ve denim’s durability and feel.③To make jeans blue.A．①②B．①③C．②③3．How many bits of denim might get into the environment every year?A．Five hundred. B．Fifty thousand. C．Too many to count.4．What should we do according to Sam At hey’s words?A．We are not supposed to wear jeans.B．We need to wash our jeans every day.C．We should buy fewer jeans and wash them fewer times.Passage 2（2020·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now”, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1800 pieces of microplastics per liter of (每升) snow.How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the m icroplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” piec es of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay the re for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.5．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that________.A．the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth B．the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow C．the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air D．the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish 6．The underlined word “contribute” means “_______” in Chinese.A．增加B．捐献C．造成D．是……原因之一7．Where do most of the microplastics in the snow come from?A．From water. B．From air. C．From wind. D．From food.8．Which of the following isn’t true?A．We may breathe microplastics in Arctic. B．Microplastics may cause lung cancer.C．We don’t have to mind microplastics right now. D．Microplastics have hurt ecosystems.9．How does the writer end this passage?A．By advising us to drink clean water. B．By asking people not to eat sea animals.C．By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution. D．By showing the beauty of Arctic.Passage 3（2020·山东菏泽市·中考真题）Air pollution is a big problem for cities in most countries. Many people are dying from it. But how can we tell the air quality is good or bad?On a tree next to a river in Amsterdam, a tiny birdhouse glows (发光) bright green when the air is clean. If you're standing nearby, the birdhouse will also give you a free Wi-Fi connection—but only if pollution level is low enough. The designer is Joris Lam. His birdhouse tells you about the air quality.Joris’ birdhouse is called TreeWifi. It can be put on a tree around your house to test the air quality. People can see a screen with information about the local air quality and how to improve it. TreeWifi is a simple way for people to know about the air pollution around them. If the birdhouse does not glow, people should care more about the environment. It reminds them to change their lifestyles. For example, to protect the air, they can ride bikes or just walk instead of driving cars.“Imagine if trees gave free Wi-Fi, people would plant more trees like crazy. It's a pity that they only give us the oxygen(氧气) we breathe,” Joris said.The birdhouse doesn't work as a home for birds now. Joris and his team are trying to make some changes to it. In the future, they hope birds will live in the birdhouse and the heat of its green light will be used to keep birds warm in winter.10．What does t he underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A．The birdhouse. B．Air quality. C．Air pollution.11．People can get a free Wi-Fi connection when .①people are standing nearby ②the pollution level is low enough ③the air quality is low enoughA．①②B．②③C．①③12．Joris designed a screen for the birdhouse to .A．receive the free Wi-Fi connectionB．protect the birdhouse from the rainC．show information about the air quality13．In the future, the birdhouse will also be used .A．as a home for birds B．to tell us the weather C．to give us the oxygenPassage 4（2020·重庆中考真题）In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury(埋)it. On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way?Waste pollutes the environment, harms people's health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can't make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations(一代人).China is getting really serious about waste now.We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste tomake electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting(分类). Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems. More will join them soon. As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion(时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.14．The writer starts the passage by _________.A．telling stories B．comparing numbersC．raising questions D．giving suggestions15．The underlined word "sustainable" in Paragraph 2 means "________"in Chinese.A．可享受的B．可持续的C．可借鉴的D．可复活的16．From the passage, we know that _________.A．waste does harm only to the environment B．those who break the law may not be punished C．China stops getting waste from developed countries D．waste sorting starts to become popular in China 17．The structure of the passage may be_________.(①=Paragraph1 ②=Paragraph2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph4 ⑤=Paragraph 5 ⑥=Paragraph 6)A．B．C．D．Passage 5（2020·浙江台州市·中考真题）Living on an island might sound wonderful. But what it you left for a trip and found you could never return? What if your home, and even the land it stood on, was gone forever? For people living in the Pacific Islands, this is really possible.Why? Climate（气候)change. Climate change is causing the sea to rise. That’s bad news for the Pacific Islands. Young people on the islands are even starting to wonder: Will they be the last generation(一代人)?Not if the islanders have anything to do about it. These people are deeply connected to their homelands. The Pacific Islands are made up of 1l different countries: the Marshall Islands, Fuji, Samoa, and others. But now, those countries are working together. They're joining forces to fight climate change.Why is climate change such a huge threat to this part of the world? Islands are low elevations(海拔). So they are among the first places influenced by rising sea levels. That's why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.But these are small countries. When it comes to climate change, can they make a big difference? They can, because most of the things that people on islands buy are brought by ships. This is very harmful to the environment. After all, ships put out almost 3 percent of the world's carbon emissions (碳排放), That makes climate change worse.Pacific Islanders realize the problem. So, in 2019, six countries got together: Fuji, the Marshall islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, They came up with a plan. They agreed to cut carbon emissions from shipping by 40 percent by 2030. And by 2050, they expect zero-carbon shipping.How will they pull this off? They plan to use some really to use some really cool carbon-free technologies. They'll make use of solar and wind energy.Sea levels are rising, but hopes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.18．What is the bad news for the Pacific Islands according to the passage?A．Some Pacific Island countries have disappeared.B．The sea level is going up because of climate change.C．All the shipping to the Pacific Islands has been stopped.D．The Pacific Islanders have nothing to do about the climate change.19．The underlined word "threat" in Paragraph 4 probably means"_________".A．risk B．step C．project D．development20．It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A．there will never be zero carbon emissions from shippingB．solar and wind energy will make climate change worseC．all the Pacific Islanders may leave their homelands by 2050D．some Pacific Island countries may have hopes to make a difference21．The passage mainly talks about ________.A．why other countries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate changeB．how some countries are working hard to develop carbon-free technologiesC．how Pacific Island countries are working together to fight shipping pollutionD．why Pacific Island countries put out so much of the world's carbon emissionsPassage 6（2019·广西河池市·中考真题）The World Health Organization(世界卫生组织)says air pollution kills seven millionpeople around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect (影响)your brain and your ability to think.A ne w study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” reduction(减少) in our intelligence(智商). The researchers reported that the long-term exposure(暴露) to air pollution can affect a person’s mental(智力) abilities in two areas: language and math.Xi Chen, the researcher of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year.Chen said that the effect (结果)generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, especially for men and for those with little or no education.“The older persons — they are more affected. And we find, quite interestingly, men are more affected than women. And people working outdoors a re more affected than people working indoors.”The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on language ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated.Why were language skills more affected than math? There are two main kinds of tissue(组织) in the brain: white matter and grey matter. White matter is more connected with a person’s language skills, while grey matter is connected to our ability to solve math problems. Studies have shown that air pollution has a great effect on the white matter in the brain, but not the grey matter.Chen said that air pollution did affect the math skills, just not as much as their language skills.22．Air pollution causes_______million people to die around the world each year.A．one B．two C．seven D．sixty-four23．Which is not true according to the passage?A．Breathing dirty air may hurt your body.B．Breathing dirty air can affect your brain,C．Breathing dirty air can affect your ability to think.D．Breathing dirty air can make your immune system(免疫系统) strong.24．The effect of breathing polluted air generally is worse for those people except __________.A．men B．womenC．those with little or no education D．those over 64 years of age25．In the sixth paragraph, “people working outdoors” probably refers to(指的是) “________”.A．the researchers B．people with little or no educationC．people from the World Health Organization D．people from the Yale School of Public Health 26．Air pollution affected the language skills math skills.A．as much as B．as little as C．more than D．less thanPassage 7（2019·湖北随州市·中考真题）The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and morden communication means (工具). Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. The more people have, the more pollulion becomes. Many years ago, the problem was nor so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluiing the whole world.Air poilution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution, Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coalin houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by sulfur dioxide (So2) is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution, I! is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water andair clean. And we mustpay attention to the rise in pollution at the same time.27．According the passage, _______, our world is becoming much smaller.A．because of the rise in pollution B．thanks to science developmentC．because the earth is being polluted day and night D．because the earth is blowing away by the wind every year 28．Hundreds of years ago, life was _______it is today.A．as easy as B．much easier thanC．as hard as D．much harder than29．In paragraph 1, the underlined word “it” means ___________.A．rubbish B．noise pollution C．air pollution D．water pollution30．Which of the following is NOT true?A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world pollution does.C．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth.D．If people could go to work by bus or by bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2.Passage 8（2019·甘肃兰州市·中考真题）At 8, 844, 43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain. To reduce rubbish, China is limiting(限制) the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons(公吨) of rubbish。
职称英语(卫生类C级)阅读理解及完形填空译文2013
职称英语阅读理解译文---卫生类C级1纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
2医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他卫生专业人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学协会杂志》，被看作是普通医学杂志，因为他们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
大部分医学杂志都是针对特定医疗领域的专业杂志。
2017中国城乡居民食物摄入及膳食结构
2017中国城乡居民食物摄入及膳食结构9-7-1城乡居民每人每日营养素摄入量营养素名称合计城市农村1992200220122015—20171992200220122015—20171992200220122015—2017能量(千卡)2328.32250.52172.1蛋白质(克)68.065.964.5脂肪(克)58.376.279.9碳水化合物(克)378.4321.2300.8膳食纤维(克)13.312.010.8视黄醇当量(微克)476.0469.2443.5硫胺素(毫克)核黄素(毫克)1.20.81.00.80.90.8维生素E(毫克)35.635.9钾(毫克)钠(毫克)6268.25702.7钙(亳克)405.4388.8366.1铁(毫克)23.423.221.5锌(毫克)11.310.7硒(微克)39.944.62007.42394.62134.02052.660.475.169.065.479.177.785.583.8266.7340.5268.3261.110.411.611.110.8432.9605.5547.2514.50.8 1.1 1.00.90.70.90.90.837.437.337.51547.21722.41660.76046.06007.75858.8356.3457.9438.6412.421.025.523.721.910.311.510.641.646.547.01940.02294.02295.52286.462.764.364.663.680.448.372.776.2245.5397.9341.6338.810.814.112.410.9486.7409.0439.1375.40.8 1.2 1.0 1.00.80.70.70.735.835.034.31658.21691.51574.36028.16368.85554.6398.7378.2369.6321.421.122.423.121.210.111.210.845.037.442.22054.358.778.1281.510.1395.40.80.738.61469.96058.5326.821.010.539.31700.11616.9资料来源：1992年全国营养调查，2002年、2012年、2015—2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测。
剑桥雅思4-8册阅读真题分析汇总
1-5段落信息配对
14-18 List of Headings
28-32 Y/N/NG
28.N；29.Y；30.Y；31.NG；32.Y
6-9 Y/N/NG
6.Y
7.NG最高级
8.NG
9.N
19-24 Y/N/NG
19.N
20.NG比较
21.N；22.Y；23.NG；24.Y
家喻户晓
gram试验
2.试验方案
3.试验过程及目的
4.精神科医生对试验结果的预测
5.结果与预测的差异
6.对差异的解释
7.另一种解释
8.相关结论
环境论者认为目前世界所面临的问题
1-3多选
14-19段落从属配对
27-32 Y/N/NG
27.Y；28. NG；29. F与原文相反
30. NG；31. Y；32. N
2)擦鞋合作社
3)青年创业计划
4.经验教训
5.结论
1-4单选
14-17 List of Headings
27-31 List of Headings
5-8填表
18-21简答
32-36填表
9-12 Y/N/NG
9.N绝对化any
10.NG未提及
11. N绝对化only one
12. Y
22-26Summary（无词库）
40选结论
剑4 TEST 2
P1
P2
P3
语言的消失
澳大利亚的替代疗法
玩耍是件严肃的事
1.通过例子指明少数民族语言的危机
2.少数民族语言正面临灭顶之灾
3.语言灭绝的关键是使用者的年龄
4.信任危机导致语言灭绝
2017考研备考英语阅读每日精选：常吃花生降低死亡风险
2017考研备考英语阅读每日精选：常吃花生降低死亡风险发现常吃花生能降低死亡风险Eating nuts and peanuts reduces the risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke, a new study claims. Researchers found they were linked with a reduced risk of death from heart disease among people on low incomes.一项新的研究显示，吃坚果和花生可以减少心脏病或者中风的发病几率。
研究者发现，低收入人群因心脏疾病而死忙的风险较低便是与此有关。
And they believe their findings suggest peanuts may be a cost-effective measure to improve cardiovascular health because they are so cheap.并且他们相信，这项发现暗示了吃花生可能是一种既划算又有效的改善心血管健康的方式，因为这真的花不了多少钱。
However experts cautioned today that salt-covered nuts would not have the same health benefits. Nuts are rich in nutrients and peanuts, although classified as legumes, have nutrients similar to tree nuts.而现在专家们提醒说，盐津坚果可能对健康没有同样的效果。
坚果富含营养物质，然而花生虽然归为豆类，但是含有与坚果相似的营养物质。
The new study, led by Dr Xiao-Ou Shu, of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Tennessee, analysed various groups of people.这项新的研究是由美国田纳西州范德毕特大学医学院的舒晓鸥博士领导的，分别研究了不同的人群。
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读专题01生物多样性保护(含答案)
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(1)Biodiversityconservation conversation生物多样性保护对话主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：人与环境，人与动植物【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。
）the tone for COP15, the largest UN biodiversity gathering in a decade. The conference, taking place in two parts, is being hosted by China for the firstpostponed（推迟）. The host city is the capital of Yunnan, a south-western provincefrom steamy jungle to mountain glaciers.limiting emissions (排放). The theme for Kunming is its homegrown ideaThe term was written into China’s constitution (宪法)in 2018, suggesting how central it now is in guiding development. The Kunming declaration is filled with other favourite greening concepts of Beijing, including the “two-mountains theory”. This states that “green mountains are gold mountains”: that is, thefive decades to 2000 over half of the country’s mangroves (红树林)disappeared. Some 90% of grasslands are at varying stages of degradation（退化）ordesertification（荒漠化）, and almost half of wild-animal populations are inYet, despite the damage of urbanization（城市化）, China has much left to protect. It is home to 10% of the world’s plant species,14% of animal ones and 20% of fish. At the second meeting, representatives will set goals for 2030 to preserve global plant and animal life. In October China's Presidentparks, covering 230,000 sq km, home to over a quarter of China’s terrestrial(陆生的)wildlife species.country to carbon neutrality（碳中和）by 2060. Then in September he announcedremains the largest consumer of coal and emitter of carbon dioxide.Greenpeace called the Kunming declaration “a toothless tiger”.Keeping citizens happy is becoming a powerful incentive（动机）for China. They are complaining about more than polluted water and poisonous air. Thedestroying habitats and trading wildlife. In【课标词汇】1.approval 赞成；同意；称许•He showed his approval by smiling broadly.他持赞成的态度，这从他开心的微笑就看得出来。
新闻英语视听说(Unit 1) 听力文本与练习答案
Food Quality1Task One: Food Additives (1)Food additives are widely used in many countries. However, the discovery a number of yearsago that the food additive Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives.For example, the milk we drink in the morning has calcium added to it; numerous beverages contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other minerals; store bought salt contains iodine, zinc and silica; and potato chips have as many as 10 types of food additives, such as spices, edible pigments, citric acid, flavor additives, sweetening agents and silica.MSG and condiments are considered food additives. Yeast powder is also a food additive tooand is usually added to steamed breads. Even sodium carbonate is a food additive, too, and is often added to make congee.To better understand the functions of food additives, Nature & Science did two interesting experiments at a bakery.Flour, eggs, sugar, salt and soda are the basic materials used in baking cakes.First, let’s make a cake without any additives. Mixing egg yolks and whites evenly, we thenadd some sugar into it. When the egg and sugar are (done) being mixed, we immediately add flour, water, soda and bulking agents into the mixture and rapidly mix them to make the batter .All this must be done within 10 to 30 seconds after which the batter must be immediately placed into the oven to bake.Now, let’s make some cakes with additives. When the eggs and sugar are being m ixed, weadd some cake oil to the mixture. The cake oil is composed of acidity regulators, antioxidants, vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate. It can make the egg-sugar mixture rapidly inflate. After flour, water and soda are poured into the egg-sugar mixture, the cake oil can form compound membranes with proteins in the cake batter. This can significantly improve the strength and stability of bubbles in the batter and make sure that all of the ingredients are evenly distributed. Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles will not disappear.After the cakes are taken out of the oven we can see that the cakes that had the oil added to them are much nicer to look at and are more flexible than those without the additives. Even the insides of the cakes are remarkably different. The internal structure of the cake without additivesis uneven and brittle. But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexibleand tastes delicious and moist.The benefits of food additives do not just apply to cakes but also to many other foods.Emulsifiers are what give ice cream its delicious taste. The sweeteners lead to low-calorie,low-sugar products.Without edible pigments, there wouldn’t be various colorful candies.2Without preservatives, can ned foods couldn’t be preserved for months on end, making it difficult to get them to consumers’ hands before they go bad. Preservatives can prevent the growth of bacteria and ensure the freshness of nutrition in the food for a short period of time. From this aspect, food additives are very important to our health. Without them, we can hardly imagine what life would be like. Food additives can keep and improve the color and flavor of foods. They can even increase the nutritional value of certain foods and improve the quality of our life. With the rapid development of the food industry, the type and usage of food additives have increased dramatically, and they have been applied more widely and become an indispensable aspect of modern food processing. Task Two: Food Additives (2)Food additives are widely used in many countries. Several years ago, the discovery that something called Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives. In toxicology, the dosage decides the toxicity.If the intake of a substance is below its acceptable intake level, damage to the human health is within an acceptable scope. After evaluating the safety of a food additive, scientists put forth its acceptable daily intake (ADI) per kilogram of an average person’s body weight as the basis for governments to stipulate the applications and maximum dosages of food additives.The Food Safety and Toxicology Evaluation Procedures issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health require that every food additive must undergo oral acute toxicity tests, genetic toxicity tests, teratogenic tests, 90-day feeding trials and carcinogenic tests in animals.According to their toxicological data, food additives are divided into 3 categories: very safe, safe and unsafe. The first category of food additives have no restrictions related to their usage in food processing. They do not need ADI values but simply reference dosages.For example, after a large number of biochemical and toxicological researches, the international Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) announced that it planned to cancel the acceptable daily intake restriction of monosodium glutamate (MSG).This shows that MSG is a very safe food additive. China’s standards stipulate that MSG can be used in various types of food according to the practical needs of food production. For example, the maximum reference dosage of MSG is 1.3 milligrams per kilogram in candy, 190 milligrams per kilogram in condiments and 4,300 milligrams per kilogram in soups.The second category of food additives is food additives deemed safe. JECFA has established ADI values for each of them.Their uses in food processing are restricted. For instance, long-term animal experiments show that lemon yellow has the weakest toxicity of synthetic pigments and is a safe food additive. Its ADI is 0―7.5 milligrams per kilogram. In China, it is stipulated that its maximum dosage is0.1 grams per kilogram in fruit juices, drinks, candies and shrimps and 0.02 grams per kilogram in ice cream.The third category of food additives is unsafe. According to toxicological data, such additives are considered to be unsafe for use in food. In 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Health announced the prohibition of 59 types of natural raw materials in food, They are unsafe and if they are found in any food product, the company in question would be subject to legal action.Now that there are so many toxicological regulations overseeing the safety of food additives,3 why do so many consumers think food additives are a food safety issue? This perception is in part caused by the bad behavior of a very small minority of food processing companies who violate the state’s health standards through the use of illegal food additives. They increase the dosage of food additives or add some things that are not food additives into food. Consumers should stand up and safeguard their rights.They have the right to know what additives are in the food they are buying. For example, soy sauce usually has preservatives added. When a consumer buys a bottle of soy sauce in the supermarket, he can read the specific name of the preservative, say sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate, on the label of the bottle. Similarly, the specific names of sweeteners, such as xylitol and acesulfame potassium, added to soy sauce should also be marked on the label.When a type of food is added with more than 2 coloring agents, their specific names, such as Fancy Red and Bright Blue, should be clearly marked on the label. So when consumers buy food at the market, they can read the instructions on food packages to know what additives are in them. This red liquid is called Carmine. It’s a synthetic edible pigment. Its acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 4 milligrams per kilogram. Its maximum dosage is no more than 0.1 grams per kilogram in candy and no more than 0.025 grams per kilogram in soy milk and sausage casing. It is important that we correctly understand food additives and what they are. We shouldn’t regard them as harmful, nor should we be misguided by attempts to exaggerate their benefits. Task Three: Sanlu MilkInvestigation Continues into Sanlu Milk PowderChinese authorities are launching an investigation, following reports of kidney stones in infants, after they were fed powdered milk made by Sanlu Company in Hebei Province. Sanlu has already admitted to contamination of the product.Friday saw investigators from the Ministry of Health, the quality watchdog and relevant departments visiting affected children in hospitals. They then visited Sanlu’s headquarters in Shijiazhuang city, to take samples, and check on how the local government was dealing with the incident.An initial investigation shows milk powder containing melamine, which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products.The quality regulator has launched a nationwide probe into all baby milk powders. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Health is sharing relevant information with the World Health Organization.Food Safety to Be Resolved in ChinaWell, The recent series of food safety scandals to hit China has prompted calls for a revamp to supervision practices. During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, participants committed to implement stricter law enforcement to assure food safety in China.To buy or not to buy, it is a question many have to ponder now, as a wave of food safety scares has renewed fears in China over continued problems. Shoppers told us they hope food safety4violations will be resolved in a more effective and timely manner.(A Beijing resident)“I often buy food and other products that are popular and have a good reputation.”During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, about 10 governmental departments related to food safety vowed to implement (more) stricter enforcement to assure the quality of food. (Yu Jun, vice director general of Department of Food Safety of State Council of China)“We will improve our monitoring system. We are urging the local governments to standard enterprises. Companies and individuals will be handed severe penalties if they break food safety or other laws pertaining to the quality of food.”In China, there are about 500 thousand food production companies. But for many of them, a weak food value chain is the main problem. When a scandal emerges, the public interrogates not only supervisory agencies, but also blames the food company at the center of the controversy. (Huang Qitai, chief scientist of Synutra International, Inc)“I think the food safety pr oblem depends on the people in the company. We should raise our company’s culture to a new level in order to win the respect of consumers, so we do not see the illegal additives in our food today.”A publicity week on China Food Safety is also beginning around the country. The aim is to make people know more about the State’s standard of food safety and the knowledge of additives in food.Tainted food scandals have caused nationwide concern. As, it is urgent for related departments to more strictly enforce laws and regulations to resolve the country’s food safety problems, which concern everyone’s health. 练习答案Unit One Food QualityTask One1. 1) D 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) D2. 1) materials 2) additives 3) sugar 4) mixture 5) oven 6) composed7) inflate 8) stability9) Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles won’t disappear.10) But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexible and tastes delicious and moist.Task Two1. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) DTask Three1. 1) B 2) A 3) A 4) D 5) B2. 1) investigation 2) kidney stones 3) contamination 4) investigators5) quality watchdog 6) affected 7) headquarters 8) samples9) how the local government was dealing with the incident10) which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products。
中英双语新闻：双11过后中国人只能吃土
The Daily Telegraph 每⽇电讯报 标题：What is Singles Day and is it bigger than Black Friday? 双11是什么⿁，⽐“⿊⾊星期五”的规模都⼤? Forget tiny little Black Friday. Here's how one retail giant has turned China's bachelor crisis into the world's biggest online shopping day of the year. ⼩⼩的“⿊⾊星期五算个啥”!中国的零售商巨头已经把中国的单⾝汉危机转变成了全球的购⽇。
看这架势，⿊⾊星期五在咱们的狗节⾯前，⽆⾮就是⼀坨⼩⼩的翔啊!像单⾝汪们致敬! Buzzfeed 标题：China’s "Singles Day" Is The World’s Hugest, Craziest Online Shopping Spree. 中国的“双11”是世界上、最疯狂的购狂欢节。
How a jokey online holiday for bachelors became a mammoth doorbuster sale triple the size of Black Friday. 在络上发起的光棍节，如何变成⼀个巨⼤的促销⽇，销售额是“⿊⾊星期五”的三倍呀。
就连外媒都对各位汪们的购买⼒表⽰“肃然起敬”啊. Financial Times ⾦融时报 标题：China sets Singles Day spending record. 中国⼈在这⼀天破了花钱的记录! 英语君同样对此表⽰震惊~单⾝狗⾥⾯的⼟豪们真是不少啊~ The Guardian 卫报 标题：Forget Black Friday and Cyber Monday:100m shoppers splash out on China’s Single’s Day. 忘了⿊⾊星期五吧，有⼀个亿的中国购者在光棍节挥⾦如⼟呢!” 接着《卫报》⼜写了篇后续报道: 标题：Singles’ Day: China splurges $9.3bn in 12 hours on world’s biggest online shopping day. 中国⼈在这个世界上的购节⾥，12个⼩时之内就花出去93亿美元…… 不造购结束后，多少狗狗们⼜要剁⼿……还有中国⼈的购买⼒着实⼜刷新了⽼外的三观…… BBC 标题：Bellamy's says sorry for Australian baby milk shortage. 贝拉⽶为澳⼤利亚奶粉短缺道歉 A surge in sales ahead of China's online discount shopping day, Single's Day , which falls on Wednesday, has worsened the problem… 双11当天(周三)中国奶粉购销量剧增，加剧了澳洲奶粉的紧缺…… 咳咳~各位剁⼿族的战⽃⼒已经给邻国造成了不⼩的影响啊…… BBC还对购主战场做了总结： China's Alibaba breaks Singles Day record as sales surge. 销量激增，中国阿⾥巴巴公司打破光棍节销售记录! 这可都是单⾝汪们“孜孜不倦”的贡献啊~马云⼤⼤这会⼉已经乐开花了吧!惊呆外媒：双11过后你们中国⼈只能吃⼟！ 来⾃剁⼿党的微博热评： @ASUS华硕中北 "双11”后的第⼀顿早餐，相信不少友会跟⼩编发出同样的感慨：这个世界真的变得好快!" @Emkay “光棍节这⼀天的数据真是难以置信，⼀天不到就有100亿美元!印度的Flipkart(印度版淘宝)整个2014年才有10亿美元的收益啊…” @Oscar117 “总有⼀天你们会发现，买东西是买不来快乐的”⼝亨!。
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2017考研双语新闻阅读：每人每年吃土
3.6万毫克
考研英语阅读提分要多看多练多总结，很多题材都离不开时事新闻，大家平时要多注意阅读一些双语新闻，提升词汇量，拓展知识面。
下面凯程网考研频道分享双语新闻阅读，大家要多练练。
2017考研双语新闻阅读：每人每年吃土3.6万毫克!
We all know we shouldn't eat dirt, but we do itanyway. Mostly not on purpose –dirt gets into ourbodies all day, every day, whether we want it to ornot. It's understandably difficult to figure outexactly how much is getting in, but that might bebeside the point.
我们都知道不该吃灰尘，但总会吃到。
大多数时候都不是故意的——不管我们想不想，灰尘每天都从早到晚地进入我们体内。
可以理解，想要准确计算我们每天吸入多少灰尘是很难的，但这并不重要。
We get our daily dirt allowance in all kinds of ways,from contaminated food, dust inhalation, and from not washing our hands before eating. TheEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled an enormous amount of research on dirtconsumption. About 45 percent of the stuff we inhale or inadvertently eat is soil, and 55percent is dust.
我们每天以各种方式吸入灰尘，通过脏的食物、吸入的尘土、还可能是因为吃东西之前没洗手。
环境保护署汇集了大量关于吸入灰尘的研究，我们吸入或无意间吃下去的大约45%是土，55%是灰尘。
The EPA numbers on unintentional dirt consumption focus on children, with one study reportingthat babies from 6 weeks to 1 year old generally get 60 milligrams a day. From ages 1 to 20,that amount goes up to 100 milligrams a day. If you take those daily numbers and make themannual, that would be 36,500 milligrams or 1.3 ounces per year.
环境保护署关于无意间吸入灰尘的数据主要关注的是儿童。
根据其中一项研究报告，6周到1岁的婴儿通常一天会吸入60毫克灰尘。
从1岁到20岁，会增加到每天100毫克。
如果以年为单位换算，就是每年36500毫克或1.3盎司。
Kids, as we all know, just love eating dirt, especially between the ages of 1 and 3. Oneresearcher theorized that although childhood dirt-eating certainly is based in curiosity aboutthe world and the new ability to play and grab, it could also be an effort to get some vitaminsand minerals. Purposeful dirt-eating usually happens around a year old, which is when manybabies stop breastfeeding, so maybe they're trying to regain some of that nutrition.
众所周知，孩子就喜欢吃灰尘，尤其是1-3岁的孩子。
一个研究人员系统地指出，虽然儿童时期吃灰尘绝对是出于对世界的好奇，孩子也在锻炼玩和抓的新能力，但这种行为也能使孩子吸收一些维生素和矿物质。
有意识地吃土通常发生在一岁左右，这时很多孩子断了母乳，他们可能是在努力摄取一些母乳中的营养。
However, some people keep eating dirt after early childhood, a condition called geophagy, or soilpica (pica is the habit of eating nonfood items). In American culture, geophagy is regarded withconcern. Pica, in fact, is a recognized disease by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances andDisease Registry, with intentional dirt consumption of 500 milligrams a day
qualifying as"pathological". But historically, and in many other cultures, it's not so odd or abnormal to eatdirt. Some pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa eat dirt to soothe stomach upsets duringmorning sickness or to add extra nutrients to the developing fetus' body.
然而一些人过了幼儿期还会吃土，这种情况被称为食土癖或土壤异食癖(异食癖就是吃非食物东西的习惯)。
在美国文化中，食土癖使人们很担心。
其实异食癖是被美国有毒物质和疾病登记处认定的一种疾病，每天有意识地吃掉500毫克土就被认定为“病态”。
但从历史上看，在很多其他文化中吃土没那么怪，也不算病态。
一些撒哈拉以南非洲的孕期妇女吃土来缓解晨吐时肠胃不适或补充胎儿生长所需的额外营养。
So while there's definitely cause for concern about contaminated food and soil, maybe wedon't need to worry so much about inadvertent dirt consumption. It's only natural, right?
所以，虽然我们绝对有理由去担心脏的食物和土，但无意间吃的土可能真没必要太过担忧。
这只是自然状况，对吧?。