《免疫学基础》课程教学大纲课程10514英文名称Immunology课程说明
专业基础课- 免疫学(英文班) 课程教学大纲
Immunology syllabusMajor: (credits: 3; hours: lectures 36 h; laboratory practices 18 h)Course attribute: compulsory courseDelivered by: School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao UniversityPrep courses: Biology, Anatomical physiology, Biochemistry, MicrobiologyI. Description:This course mainly introduces the basic principles and knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity from the beginning of the introduction of cells and organs of the immune system. The contents include as follows: antigen, antibody, immunoglobulin, complement, MHC, development of T and B cells, processing and presenting of antigens, immunological tolerance, immunoregulation, cellular immune response, humoral immune response, cytokines and their receptors, transplantation immunology, hypersensitivity and tumor immunology. Multimedia teaching methods is combined with the illustration by word, which could give the students the living comprehension of the theoretical knowledge and make them grasp the basic theory, knowledge and principle of immunology systematically and build a sound base for their further study. A series of laboratory practices will be involved to allow students to further develop concepts covered in the lectures, and familiar with use of materials and equipment commonly used in immunology laboratories.II. Contents and requirements (including the teaching purpose of each chapter, the basic teaching contents and the teaching requirements):In order to enable students to prepare and review according to the requirements of the syllabus, the contents of the teaching are divided into three levels: ①Grasp content is represented by an underscore “”.It is required a deep understanding, memory, and integration and the ability to infer other things from one fact. ②Familiar content with underlined " ", requires to be understood and remembered. ③ Understand content as "do not make a mark" express, request to be understood.Lectures:Chapter 1 Introduction to ImmunologyObjectives: to understand the modern concept and function of immunity, to clarify the essenceof immunity and the composition of immune system.Content：1. The basic concept of immunity, the basic function of immunity, and the characteristics ofimmune response2. A brief History of the Development of Immunology.3. The role of immunology in the development of medicine and pharmacy.Chapter 2 Immune tissues and organs including innate immune system and responseObjective: to master the organs and cells included in the immune system and their functions.Content：1. The composition of the immune system2. Central immune organs: structure and function of Bone Marrow and thymus3. Peripheral immune organs: structure and function of lymph nodes, spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues⒋ Lymphocytes homing and recycling5. Primary cells of innate immunityChapter 3 AntigenObjective: to grasp the concept of antigen and emphasize the internal relations.Contents：1. The concept of antigen, two basic characteristics of antigen, complete antigen and hapten.2. Factors affecting immunogenicity of antigens: foreign body, physical and chemical status, molecular structure and accessibility.3. Antigen specificity and cross-reaction: the concept and types of antigen determinant cluster (conformational determinant cluster and sequence determinant cluster T cell determinant family and B cell determinant cluster), epitope-carrier interaction, common antigen and cross reaction).4. Antigen classification: complete and incomplete antigens, natural and artificial antigens, thymus dependent antigens (TD-Ag) and non-thymodependent antigens (TI-Ag), other classifications.5. Important antigens in medicine: pathogenic microorganism, bacterial exotoxin and toxoid, animal immune serum (antitoxin), heterophil antigen, allogeneic antigen (ABO blood group antigen, Rh antigen and HLA antigen), autoantigen, tumor antigen.6. The concept and category of superantigen.7. The concept and category of immune adjuvants.Chapter 4 AntibodyObjectives: Master the molecular structure of antibodies, hydrolysis fragments, functional regions and the function of each functional region, master the main characteristics of the five kinds of antibodies, grasp the law of antibody production and the biological role of antibodies; Master the concept of polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody. Clarify the relationship between molecular structure and function of antibody.Contents：1. Basic concept: antibody, immunoglobulin.2. The basic structure of Ig, the basic structure of Ig, the functional regions of Ig and the hydrolytic fragments of Ig.3. Serotype of Ig: classification and typing of Ig of isoltype, allotype and idiotype.4. Biological activities of Ig: specific structure with corresponding antigen, activation ofcomplement, binding of cells (cytotrophil), transplacental, antigenicity.5. The characteristics and functions of IgG. The characteristics and functions of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE.6. The gene structure and antibody diversity of Ig gene. The rearrangement of VDJ gene and class switch of the genes coding the consistent region of Ig heavy chain, the gene structure of Ig light chain and VJ rearrangement.7. Preparation of antibody: polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody, genetic engineering antibody.Chapter 5 Complement systemObjectives: to grasp the concept of complement system, activation pathwaies and biological functions of the complement systemContents：1. The concept of complement2. Composition and physicochemical properties of the complement system.3. Activation of the complement system, classical pathway (recognition, activation, membrane attack), alternative pathway, and Mannose-binding lectin pathway pathway. Effect mechanism of MAC. Comparison of three activation pathways.4. Regulation of complement activation: self decay, actions of inactivated substances or inhibitors in the liquid phase, action of membrane-binding regulatory molecules.5. Biological functions of complement: Involved in anti-infective immunity (roles of lysis of cells, bacteria and viruses, opsonization, inflammatory mediator); maintenance of environmental stability in the body (clearance of immune complexes, removal of apoptotic cells); participation of adaptive immunity (induction of immune response, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, the effect stage of immune response and memory of immunity). Involved in the interaction between complement and other enzyme systems.Chapter 6 CytokineObjectives: Master the concept, common characteristics and classification of cytokinesContents:1. The concept of cytokines, the common characteristics of cytokines (physicochemical, secretory, production and reaction).2. Classification of cytokines: interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factor, chemokine, growth factor, etc.3. The role of cytokine receptors.4. Biological function of cytokines: immunoregulation, anti-infection and anti-tumor effects, stimulating hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, participating in inflammatory reaction.5. Clinical significance of cytokines.Chapter 7 Leukocyte differentiation antigen and adhesion moleculesObjectives: Grasp the concept and classification, structure and function of common CD antigens and adhesion moleculesContents:1. The concept of leukocyte differentiation antigen and CD antigen.2. Concept of adhesion molecules3. Classification of adhesion molecules4. The functions of the adhesion molecule: involved in ⑴ development and differentiation of immune cells, ⑵immune response and regulation, ⑶inflammatory response, ⑷homing and recirculation of lymphocytes and ⑸regulation of apoptosis of lymphocytes.5. Clinical Application of CD molecules and Adhesion molecules and their monoclonal antibodiesChapter 8 Major histocompatibility complexesObjectives：To master the concepts of MHC and HLA, to master the distribution, molecular structure, function and significance of HLA in medicine, and to make clear that the intercellular interaction depends on the participation of surface molecules and is controlled by heredity Contents：1. Basic concept: the main histocompatibility antigen, the main histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC), HLA and HLA complex2. Human MHC(HLA complex): localization, structure (classic MHC class I gene and class II gene, immune-related gene, immune unrelated gene)3. Genetic characteristics of HLA complex: Haplotypes inheritance, codominant inheritance, high polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium4. The structure and distribution of HLA molecules; the structure and distribution of HLA-I molecules; the structure and distribution of HLA-II molecules5. The biological functions of HLA: involved in ⑴ the processing and presentation of antigen,⑵constrain the interaction of immune cells (MHC-restriction), ⑶ activation of T lymphocytes, ⑷differentiation of T lymphocytes, ⑸genetic control of immune response and ⑹the roles in transplantation rejection6.The significance of HLA in medicine: the relationship between HLA expression abnormality and disease, organ transplantation, transfusion reaction and the application of HLA in forensic medicine.7. HLA typing: serological typing and cytological typingChapter 9 B lymphocytesObjectives：To be familiar with the origin and differentiation of B lymphocytes, to master the formation and characteristics of BCR and BCR complexes, and to be familiar with the subsets and functions of B cells.Contents：1. Master the basic concept and characteristics of embryonic gene and gene rearrangement.2. Grasp the concept and significance of allelic exclusion3. Master the molecular composition, structure and function of BCR (Igαand Igβ).4. Master B cell subsets, function and differentiation and maturation process.5. Master the process of BCR gene rearrangement and its significance6. Familiar with the mechanism of BCR diversity7. Familiar with the coreceptor, costimulatory molecules and their functions on the surface ofB cells.8. Understand the relationship between CDR3 and BCR diversity9. Understand the difference between membrane Ig and secretory Ig (gene level, molecular level).10. understand the other surface molecules of B cells and their functionsChapter 10 T lymphocytesObjectives：Familiar with the process of differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes, focusing on surface markers, especially the molecular structure and function of TCR, and familiar with subgroups T cells and their main features and functions.Contents：1. The molecular composition, structure and functions of TCR-CD3.2. The functions and the process of differentiation and maturation of T cell subsets.3. The process of the positive selection and negative selection of T cells and their biological significances.4. The coreceptors, costimulatory molecules and their functions on the surface of T cells.5. Understand other surface molecules of T cells and their functions.Chapter 11 Antigen presenting cells and processing and presenting of antigenObjectives：Master the process and characteristics of processing and presenting of exogenous and endogenous antigens.Contents：1. The concept of antigen presenting cells (APCs), antigen processing, antigen presenting and the types of antigen presenting cell.2. Dendritic cells: source, distribution and classification; common characteristics; biological functions.3. Antigen presenting: exogenous antigen processing and presenting (MHC class Ⅱ pathway), endogenous antigen processing and presenting (MHC class Ⅰ pathway).4. Main characteristics of various APC presenting antigensChapter 12 T-lymphocyte mediated cellular immune responseObjectives：To master the process, characteristics and biological functions of cellular immune response, to master the molecular structure of T lymphocyte receptor and the process and mechanism of T cell activation.Contents：1. The concept and the types of immune response; the site and the process of immune response.2. Recognition of antigens by T cells: interaction between APC and T cells3. Activation of T cells: the first and the second signals of T cell activation, transduction pathway of the T cell activation signal.4. The mechanism of cellular immunity. Th cell-mediated immune effects and Tc cell-mediated immune effects.5. Biological function of cellular immunity.Chapter 13 B-lymphocyte mediated humoral immune responseObjectives：Master the process of immune response; master the process, characteristics and biological functions of humoral immunity; master the production of important lymphoid factors and their rolesContents：1. The response of B cells to TD antigens: activation of Th cells (first signal, second signal); activation of B cells (first signal, second signal); pathways of signal transduction for B cell activation; the roles played by Th cells in B cell response; and the differentiation and maturation ofB cells in germinal center.2. B cell response to TI antigens: response to TI-1 antigen; response to TI-2 antigen;characteristics and significance of B cell response to TI antigen3. the law of antibody production: the law of primary response and secondary response; the law of sequential responses; understand the significance of the law of antibody production.4. Biological effects of humoral immunity: neutralization (neutralization of foreign toxins, neutralization of viruses); opsonization; antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); activation of complement mediated bacteriolysis and cytolysis; involved in hypersensitivity. Chapter 14 Immunological toleranceObjectives：Master the definition and characteristics of immune tolerance and immunosuppression respectively, be familiar with the mechanism of immune tolerance.Contents：1. Concept of immune tolerance; innate immune tolerance; induced immune tolerance.2. Conditions affecting the formation of immune tolerance: antigen factors (properties, doses, immunization approach); organism factors (species, immune system status).3. Mechanism of immune tolerance: central tolerance; peripheral tolerance.4. The significance of study immune tolerance: establishment of tolerance (prevention of allograft rejection, autoimmune disease and hypersensitivity prevention and treatment); Breaking tolerance (prevention and treatment of tumor and infectious diseases)Chapter 15 ImmunoregulationObjectives：To master the concept of immune regulation, to master the immune regulation of immune cells, cytokines and immune networks, to master the contents of the theory of idiotypic network, to form a complete concept of immune response and its regulation.Contents：1. Immunoregulation at molecular level: activate signal transduction involving PTK and negative feedback regulation involving PTP; inhibitory receptors of immune cells2. Immunoregulation at cell level: regulatory roles played by T cells with; regulatory roles played by idiotypic network; the negative feedback regulation of apoptosis on the immune response.3. Immunoregulation at the system level: the immunoregulation of the neuroendocrine system. Chapter 16 Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseasesObjective：To understand the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and the principle of prevention and treatment.Contents：1. The concept of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease; the basic characteristics ofautoimmune disease; the classification of autoimmune disease.2. Factors related to autoimmune diseases: concealed antigen release, autoantigen changes, cross-antigen, polyclonal activator, Self-reactive lymphocyte cloning appeared.3. The mechanism of tissue damage in autoimmune disease: tissue damage caused by autoantibody and by autoallergenic lymphocytes.4. Examples of primary autoimmune diseases including SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.5. Principles of autoimmune disease treatment: anti-inflammatory drug therapy, immunosuppressant, immunomodulator, plasma exchange.Chapter 17 HypersensitivityObjectives：Based on the theory of immunology, to understand the nature and mechanism of hypersensitivity, grasp the concept of hypersensitivity, the mechanism and characteristics of various hypersensitivity, and the principles of control the common diseases with hypersensitivity.Contents：1. The concept of hypersensitive reaction; conditions of occurrence; essential process; classification2. Type I hypersensitivity: mechanism (allergen, IgE antibody, mast cells and related cells, bioactive mediators), common clinical diseases (anaphylactic shock, respiratory hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal, skin hypersensitivity), the characteristics and principles of prevention and treatment for type I hypersensitivity (search for allergen, skin test, specific desensitization therapy, drug)3. Type II hypersensitivity: mechanism of occurrence (causes of antigen, tissue and cell damage), common clinical diseases (transfusion reaction, neonatal hemolysis, immunological hemopenia, cross-reactive antigen-induced diseases, anti-receptor type II hypersensitivity reaction), and the characteristics of type II hypersensitivity reaction4. Type III hypersensitivity: mechanism of occurrence (IC deposition, tissue damage and pathogenicity caused by IC), common clinical diseases (local immune complex diseases, systemic immune complex diseases), characteristics of type III hypersensitivity5. Type IV hypersensitivity: mechanism of occurrence (relationship between type Ⅳhypersensitivity and cellular immunity); common clinical diseases (infectious hypersensitivity, contact dermatitis, others), characteristics of type IV hypersensitivityChapter 18 Immunodeficiency diseasesObjective：To understand the general characteristics and pathogenesis of immune deficiency diseases.Contents：1. The concept, classification and general features of immune deficiency.2. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: antibody (B cells) immunodeficiency (X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Selective IgA deficiency),T cell immunodeficiency (congenital thymic dysplasia, T cell activation and function deficiency.)3. Combined immunodeficiency diseases: X-linked SCID, MHC Class ⅡMolecular expression deficiency, Combined immunodeficiency with enzyme dysplasia.4. Phagocytosis and complement system deficiency.5. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome6. Detection and treatment of immunodeficiency diseases.Chapter 19 Transplantation immunityObjective：Understanding the mechanism of graft rejection and the principle of prevention and treatmentContents：1. basic concepts: transplantation immunity and related concepts.2. types of graft rejection: host versus graft reaction (HVGR), hyperacute rejection, acute rejection, chronic rejection, graft versus host reaction (GVHR).3. the mechanism of graft rejection: the genetic basis and the immunological basis of graft rejection.4. the prevention of graft rejection (prolonging graft survival rate): tissue matching, immunosuppression, and induction of transplant tolerance.Chapter 20 Tumor ImmunologyObjectives：Familiar with the basic concept of tumor immunity, to understand the immune response to tumor antigen and tumor immunological examination.Contents：1. The concept of tumor immunity: tumor antigens: according to the classification with specificity of tumor antigens (TSA, TAA), according to the classification of tumor antigen genes (the tumor antigens encoded by normal cell genes, the tumor antigens encoded by mutated genes, and the tumor antigens encoded by virus genes).2. The mechanism of anti-tumor immunity: humoral immune response, cellular immune response (T cells, NK cells, macrophages).Immunological examination and treatment of3. Diagnosis and therapy: immunological examination tumor (tumor antigen, antibody detection, radioimmunoimaging diagnosis), tumor immunology therapy (non-specific immune therapy, active immunotherapy, passive immunotherapy, immunotargeting therapy, immunotherapy, cytokine therapy, gene therapy).Chapter 21 The principles of immunological detectionObjective：Mastering the basic principles and skills of immunology detection in combination with laboratory workContents：1.Characteristics of antigen-antibody reaction and main influencing factors.2. Basic methods for the detection of antigen/antibody (types of serological reaction): agglutination (direct, indirect, indirect agglutination inhibition, co-agglutination, anti-human globulin test), precipitation reaction (one-way agarose, rocket electrophoresis, two-way agglutination, Convection immunoelectrophoresi), complement binding test, neutralization reaction (virus neutralization test, toxin neutralization test).3. Concepts and common methods of immunolabelling technique (Immunoenzyme labeling technique-ELISA, immunofluorescence technique, radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescent substance labeling technique, immunoblotting test, immunoprecipitation technique).4. Methods of detecting immune cells: isolation and identification of immune cells, determination of immune cell function, determination the function of T cell (proliferation test, cytotoxicity test and cytokine detection, and skin test), Detection of B cell function (plaque forming cell test, quantitative hemolytic spectrophotometry, ELISA) and (NK cell activity and phagocytic function).5. Application of immunological detectionChapter 22 Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapyObjectives：In combination with lab work, to be familiar with the types of vaccines, master the inoculation objects, doses, methods and precautions of commonly used vaccines, and understand the types and indications of immunotherapy.Contents：1. Immunoprophylaxis: the concept and characteristics of active immunization, biological agents inducing active immunization (inactivated vaccine, live vaccine, toxoid, subunit vaccine, synthetic vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine), attention matters for artificial active immunization (recipient, dose, route, post-inoculation reaction, contraindication), concept and characteristics ofartificial passive immunity, biological agents of artificial passive immunization (antitoxin, normal human r-Globulin and fetuin, human specific Ig), attention matters for artificial passive immunization (prevention of hypersensitivity, ensure to be enough at the early stage, no abuse of r-Globulin).2. Immunotherapy: biological response modulator: ①Recombinant cytokines (IFN,ILs, CSFs, TNF), ② Chemically synthesized agents（AS-1014，MDP，ISO）, ③Microbial preparation (OK-432, BCG), ④McAb and agents crosslinking with it, ⑤Adoptive immune cells (LAK, TIL, immune cells engineered with cytokine gene). Immunosuppressant: ①Microbial preparation (CsA, FK-506), ②Chemically synthesized agents (adrenocortical steroid), ③Biological agents (ALG, Lipofectin). Immune reconstitution: ①bone marrow transplantation (allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Autologous bone marrow transplantation); and fetal liver transplantation.III. The emphases and aporia of the courseEmphases：Mastering the basic theory and skills of ImmunologyAporia：1. Understanding of the beneficial and negative effects of immune action on the body requires an overall balance between the material basis and function at the levels of organs, cells, especially molecules.2. Training the basic skills of laboratory performance.V、Practice (experiment) relevant with teaching (including experiments and laboratory performances)：VI. References：1、Kuby Immunology 7th Edition2、曹雪涛主编医用免疫学第6版3. Janeway's Immunobiology 8th Edition4. 高晓明主编《医学免疫学基础》（面向21世纪课程教材，北京医科大学出版社）。
基础免疫学课程教学大纲 (1)
《基础免疫学》课程教学大纲课程组人员：张智红、周炜、施华一、课程名称：基础免疫学Basic Immunology二、课程编码：三、学时与学分：32/2四、先修课程：普通生物学、细胞生物学、生物化学、解剖与生理学。
五、课程教学目标免疫学是研究机体免疫系统的组织结构和生理功能的学科。
它是生物医学专业的重要基础学科之一。
通过课堂讲授、自学等教学过程，使学生掌握和了解本学科的基本理论、基本知识及基本技能，为生物医学分析与仪器专业方向的学生提供必要的医学专业知识。
六、适用学科专业生物医学工程、生物信息技术、生物技术七、基本教学内容与学时安排●绪论—免疫学发展简史（1学时）●免疫器官和组织（1学时）中枢免疫器官外周免疫器官●免疫分子（8学时）免疫球蛋白（2学时）：免疫球蛋白的结构；抗体的异质性；免疫球蛋白的生物合成；免疫球蛋白的生物学活性；免疫球蛋白基因超家族补体系统（2学时）：补体的激活；补体活化的调控；补体受体；补体的生物学功能；补体系统与疾病细胞因子（2学时）：细胞因子及其受体；细胞因子的生物学作用；细胞因子与某些病理过程的关系白细胞分化抗原（1学时）：参与T细胞抗原识别与活化的CD分子；参与B细胞抗原识别与活化的CD分子；免疫球蛋白Fc受体粘附分子（1学时）：各类粘附分子的特性；粘附分子的生物学作用；粘附分子与临床●主要组织相容性抗原（2学时）概述人类MHC—HLA复合体HLA抗原系统MHC的功能HLA与医学的关系●免疫细胞（2学时）淋巴细胞抗原提呈细胞及其他免疫细胞●抗原与抗原提呈（4学时）抗原概述（2学时）：抗原的性质；抗原的特异性；抗原的种类；诱导免疫细胞增生的其他抗原抗原提呈（2学时）：溶酶体提呈途径；胞质溶胶提呈途径；非经典MHC分子提呈途径●免疫应答（4学时）Ｂ细胞介导的体液免疫应答（2学时）Ｔ细胞介导的细胞免疫应答（2学时）●免疫耐受与免疫调节（2学时）免疫耐受：免疫耐受的机制；免疫耐受的维持与破坏；人工诱导免疫耐受免疫调节：基因、分子和细胞的免疫调节作用；神经-内分泌-免疫调节网络●超敏反应（4学时）Ⅰ型超敏反应（1学时）Ⅱ型超敏反应（1学时）Ⅲ型超敏反应（1学时）Ⅳ型超敏反应（1学时）●免疫学检测方法与治疗（4学时）免疫细胞与分子的检测（1学时）免疫相关基因的检测（1学时）免疫学检测常用的标记技术（1学时）免疫治疗的概况（1学时）八、教材及参考书教材：《医学免疫学》，龚非力主编，科学出版社，2003年。
南开大学免疫学教学大纲
南开大学
本科课程教学大纲
课程名称：免疫学
英文名称：Immunology
课号：
所属院：药学院
日期：2013年9月
填表说明
1、“预备知识”一栏要求写明课程学习需要先修的课程和
知识要求。
2、“课程在教学计划中的地位作用”一栏要求写明课程开
设的必要性以及课程在教学计划中对培养人才起的作用。
3、“课程内容及学时分配”主要填写：
（1）列出主要章节的标题
（2）在每个标题下写出主要内容的细目
（3）各章节分配的教学时数
（4）各教学环节（习题、实验、课堂讨论、写作、社会调查、测验、考试）的内容和时数。
4、“补充说明”一栏写明需要说明的问题以及执行时应注意的事项和建议。
《免疫学》课程教学大纲
《免疫学》课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：免疫学总学时数：32先修课及后续课：《免疫学》是生物技术与生物工程专业的专业选修课，生物化学、微生物学、细胞生物学、遗传学等课程的后续课程。
一、说明部分1、课程性质《免疫学》是生物技术与生物工程专业的专业选修课，授课对象为生物工程专业、生物技术和环境工程专业本科学生。
2、教学目标及意义医学免疫学是研究人体免疫现象的原理和应用的一门基础学科，又是紧密联系实际的应用学科。
其任务是通过学习医学免疫学，使学生了解和掌握免疫的基本概念与功能、免疫系统的组成及作用以及免疫应答的类型、过程及其调节，熟悉和掌握免疫学防治及免疫诊断原则、基本原理和用途，了解免疫病理学的基本知识。
目的是通过本课程的教学，使非医学相关专业的学生能够掌握免疫学的基本概念和规律，能够和生活实际问题相结合，为以后学习其他医学等课程及从事医药相关职业奠定基础。
3、教学内容及教学要求本课程是研究人体免疫系统的结构组成和功能，免疫应答的发生发展规律以及免疫学理论与技术在临床疾病的形成、预防、诊断、治疗中应用的一门学科。
依据这一宗旨，本课程内容包括抗原、免疫系统、免疫应答、免疫学应用及临床免疫等内容，其中临床免疫为学生自学内容。
通过课程的学习，使学生掌握抗原刺激机体，机体免疫系统产生免疫应答的过程及规律。
了解和掌握免疫的基本概念与功能、免疫系统的组成及作用以及免疫应答的类型、过程及其调节，熟悉和掌握免疫学防治及免疫诊断原则、基本原理和用途，了解免疫病理学的基本知识。
总学时按30学时安排。
4、教学重点、难点绪论重点：1、免疫的基本概念2、免疫的生理功能（防御、自稳、监视）3、免疫的类型第一篇抗原重点：1、抗原的概念和性质2、决定抗原免疫原性的条件3、决定抗原特异性的物质基础一一抗原决定簇（AD） 4、医学上重要的抗原难点：1、抗原决定簇的概念、种类2、抗原决定簇与抗原特异性的关系第二篇免疫系统重点：1、免疫球蛋白的结构2、五类免疫球蛋白的特性和功能3、补体系统激活后的生物学功能4、细胞因子的概念及共同特性5、MHC、HLA、HLA复合体概念6、HLA的生物学功能及与医学的关系7、CD分子和粘附分子的概念8、中枢免疫器官场所9、外周免疫器官10、抗原特异性淋巴细胞11、抗原提呈细胞12、自然杀伤细胞难点：1、免疫球蛋白的结构（CDR与HVR概念、功能区、水解片段）2、补体活化的三条途径3、HLA复合体结构4、HLA复合体遗传特征5、重要的CD分子的功能5、粘附分子的作用6、T 细胞发育分化7、B 细胞发育分化8、抗原特异性淋巴细胞表面标记9、抗原特异 性淋巴细胞亚群第三篇免疫应答重点：1、固有免疫的重要效应细胞2、固有免疫的生物学意义3、适应性免疫应答的基本 过程4、细胞免疫应答的生物学意义5、体液免疫的生物学意义6、免疫系统的自身调节7、 抗原的调节8、神经-内分泌系统对免疫应答的调W 9、各型超敏反应发生机制10、临床常 见疾病 难点：1、免疫细胞活化的分子基础2、APC 、TH 和B 细胞在免疫应答中的作用3、各型超敏 反应造成组织损伤的机理第四篇免疫学应用重点：1、人工自动免疫2、人工被动免疫5、教学方法与手段理论课以启发式的教学方式，采取讲授、自学、课堂讨论、多媒体教学和指定阅读参考 书等手段，培养学生的自学能力，使学生掌握免疫学基本理论及基本操作技术。
免疫学知识点
2.恒定区（constant region,C 区)：位于 Ig 分子的 C 端，占轻链 1/2 和重链 3/4（IgG、IgA、IgD）或 4/5（IgM、IgE）。 在同一种属中，同一类重链和同一类轻链 C 区氨基酸的组成或排列比较恒定。介导 Ig 多种生物学功能。 同一种属的动物，针对不同抗原产生的同一类别的免疫球蛋白，是制备第二抗体的重要基础。 C 区与抗体的效应功能相关，可激活补体，介导穿过胎盘和粘膜屏障，结合细胞表面的 Fc 受体，从而介导调理作 用、抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ADCC）和 I 型超敏反应。 ③功能区 Ig 的多肽链分子可折叠成若干个由链内二硫键连接的球形结构。每个球形结构约由 110 个氨基酸组成，具有一定的 生理功能，故称为功能区（domain）。 Ig 折叠：功能区的二级结构是由几股多肽链折叠而成的两个反向平行的β片层，两个β片层中心的两个半胱氨酸残 基由一个链内二硫键垂直连接，形成一β桶状结构，具有稳定功能区的作用 VH 和 VL：与抗原特异性结合的部位； CL 和 CH1：某些同种异型（allotype）遗传标记； IgG 的 CH2、IgM 的 CH3：
针对外来异物的范围广，不针对某个特定的异物抗原，反应迅速。
固有组成：
屏障结构：完整的皮肤，黏膜、血脑屏障、胎盘屏障
吞噬细胞：单核吞噬细胞和中性粒细胞的吞噬作用
正常体液中的抗微生物物质：补体、溶菌酶等
②适应性免疫：个体在出生后，在环境中受抗原刺激下， 后天产生，针对特定抗原，有特异性，有免疫记忆
性 ， 反应缓慢的免疫。
是机体针对外来病原体的抗感染功能。正常可防御病原体的感染；过强可产生超敏反应，过弱则表现为免疫缺 陷。 2. 免疫监视（immune surveillance）:
《免疫学》课程教学大纲
《免疫学》课程教学大纲课程名称：免疫学课程类型: 选修课总学时： 36 讲课学时： 36 学分：2.5适用对象: 生物工程专业、生物技术专业先修课程：生物化学细胞生物学分子生物学基因工程遗传学生理学一、课程性质、目的和任务免疫学是研究生物机体识别“非自身”的抗原物质并对其作出应答反应的复杂生理生化过程及其调控、遗传的基本理论与应用的科学。
随着生命科学的发展特别是分子生物学的发展形成了一门有众多分支学科的独立学科，既有自已独立的理论与方法体系又与细胞学、医学、生理学、生物化学、微生物学、遗传学、分子生物学等生命科学许多领域有非常密切的关系。
掌握免疫学的基本知识，既是生物学类、医学专业所必须的要求，又广泛、深入地应用于生命科学甚至超出此范围，为人类卫生健康事业做出巨大的贡献，为科学研究提供独特的方法。
二、教学基本要求通过本课程的教学，要使学生系统地掌握免疫学科基本概念与基本理论，了解免疫学科的现代发展与其它生命学科的连接，掌握免疫学在细胞水平与分子水平的发展。
四、课程的重点和难点第一章绪论重点：免疫学的发展概况。
难点：免疫学基本概念。
第二章抗原重点：①抗原的基本概念。
②抗原的分子基础。
难点：①抗原的免疫特性。
②三代疫苗的生产原理。
第三章抗体重点：①免疫球蛋白的基本结构、功能区。
难点：①免疫球蛋白基因重排及多样性。
②免疫球蛋白的合成。
第四章补体系统重点：①补体的组成、理化性质。
②补体活化的三途径。
难点：①补体反应调控。
②补体缺陷。
第五章免疫系统的细胞与组织器官重点：①淋巴组织器官的结构与功能。
②免疫系统的细胞。
难点：①免疫系统的B细胞功能。
②免疫系统的T细胞功能。
第六章主要组织相容性复合物重点：①主要组织相容性抗原的结构与功能。
②主要组织相容性抗原基因结构。
难点：①肽与MHC分子结合的结构基础。
②MHC的检测原理及应用。
第七章抗原抗体反应及应用重点：①抗体的制备。
②抗原抗体反应原理。
③常见免疫分析方法难点：①单克隆抗体的制备。
医学免疫学-理论课程教学大纲(2014版)
河北大学课程教学大纲课程编号：24024课程名称：医学免疫学学分学时： 1.5学分26学时开课单位：临床学院撰稿人：曹志然审核人：赵丽君2015年5月20日制（修）订《医学免疫学》课程教学大纲（理论课程）◆课程编号：24024◆课程英文名称：Medical Immunology◆学分/学时：1.5学分/26学时◆课程类型：通识通修课程通识通选课程√学科基础必修课程学科(跨学科)选修课程专业发展核心课程专业发展拓展课程集中实践课程◆适用专业（专业类）：◆先修课程：人体解剖学，组织胚胎学，人体生理学，生物化学一、课程简介与教学目标（一）课程简介医学免疫学是临床医学专业的专业基础课和桥梁学科，是国家规定的主要课程，是我院教学计划中的必修课，是众多医学专业的考试课。
医学免疫学是研究机体免疫系统识别并排除有害生物及其代谢产物（如毒素）的应答过程及其机制的科学；是研究免疫系统对自身抗原耐受，防止自身免疫疾病发生的科学；是研究免疫系统功能异常与相应疾病发病机制及防治措施的科学。
近年来，随着其它相关学科，尤其是分子生物学的发展，免疫学也发展到了现代免疫学时期，即以基因、分子、细胞、整体的不同层次上，研究免疫细胞生命活动基本规律的机制，使细胞活化、信号传导、细胞凋亡、细胞活动的生物活性调节分子、细胞分化发育等根本问题得以深入理解，从而开拓了认识生命奥秘的诸多重要途径，推动了生命科学的发展，免疫学自身也发展成为生命科学的前沿科学。
（二）教学目标本课程的教学目标是为学生学习后续专业基础课（如病理学、病理生理学、药理学）、专业课（内科学、外科学、妇产科学、儿科学等）及从事有关疾病的诊断和防治工作奠定知识和智能基础重点与难点。
《医学免疫学》是现代生物科学的前沿学科，该学科的最主要特点是：①内各章节之间的关系比较密切，前后章节内容之间相互关联、相互交叉与渗透；②内容抽象、逻辑性较强。
在理论讲授和实验课中，通过启发式、提问式教学，引导学生了解现代免疫学研究的基本思路、实验设计、资料处理原则。
药学《免疫学基础》教学大纲
《免疫学基础》课程教学大纲-（Basic Immunology）一、课程基本信息课程编号：232020课程类别：学科基础课适用专业：药学学分：1总学时： 16 其中理论学时:16, 实验学时:0先修课程：细胞生物学、人体解剖学、组织胚胎学、生理学和生物化学。
后续课程：微生物学、病理学、药理学、流行病学、传染病学、肿瘤学及其它临床学科。
选用教材[1] 沈关心主编.微生物与免疫学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2017；[2]李朝品主编.微生物学与免疫学(案例版)[M].北京：科学出版社，2018。
必读书目[1] 李春艳主编.免疫学基础[M]. 北京: 科学出版社有限责任公司2018；[2] 刘昌孝主编.抗体药物的药理学与治疗学研究[M]. 北京：科学出版社, 2015；[3] 曹雪涛主编.医学免疫学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2018 ；[4] 周光炎主编.免疫学原理[M].北京：科学出版社，2018；[5] 曹雪涛主编.免疫学前沿进展[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2017。
选读书目[1] Janeway's Immunobiology. 9th ed.[M]. New York: Garland Science, 2016；[2] 储以微主编.医学免疫学 [M]. 上海：复旦大学出版社，2015；[3] 杨旭燕主编.临床免疫学进展[M]. 浙江: 浙江大学出版社, 2015；[4] 陈志南主编.生物导弹-抗体药物的制备及制备应用[M]. 广东: 广东科技出版社, 2011；[5] 颜世敢主编.免疫学原理与技术[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2017。
二、课程教学目标三、教学内容和教学要求1．免疫学概论教学要求：掌握医学免疫学有关概念。
熟悉本学科研究内容及其对现代医学的重要意义。
教学内容：1.免疫学的概念，免疫学的研究范畴及其在医学中的地位。
✹重点2.免疫系统的功能：免疫防御、免疫自稳、免疫监视；生理和病理表现。
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《免疫学基础》课程教学大纲
课程编号：10514
英文名称：Immunology
一、课程说明
1. 课程类别学科基础课程
2. 适应专业及课程性质食品质量与安全专业选修课
3. 课程目的
食品免疫学是食品质量与安全专业的一门重要的基础理论课。
通过本课程的学习，使学生系统掌握免疫学的基本理论和基本实验技术；为学习后继的其他基础课程及专业课程奠定基础。
4. 学分与学时
学分为2学分.学时为33学时，其中理论课24学时，实验教学9学时
5. 建议先修课程
生理学、微生物学、生物化学、遗传学、分子生物学、细胞生物学。
6. 推荐教材或参考书目
推荐教材：
（1）《食品免疫学》，胥传来主编，化学工业出版社，2007
（2）《免疫学原理》，周光炎主编，上海科技文献出版社，2000 年
（3）《功能性食品》，郑建仙主编，中国轻工业出版社，1999 年
参考书目：
（1）《食品免疫学导论》，江汉湖主编，化学工业版社2006年，
（2）《医学免疫学》，陈慰峰主编，人民卫生出版社，2004
（3）《兽医免疫学》，杜念兴主编，中国农业出版社，1997
7. 教学方法与手段
（1）课堂讲授，采用启发式教学并附课堂讨论。
（2）实验课以动手操作﹑观察记录﹑分析总结为主并附以实验设计。
（3）采用多媒体课件等现代化手段直观教学。
8. 考核及成绩评定
考核方式：考查
成绩评定：根据学生平时听课完成实验、实习、调查、课堂讨论、作业、论文等以及平时测验成绩进行综合评定。
论文(70%)+实验及平时表现和作业(30%)
9. 课外自学要求
要求上课前先对要学的内容进行预习，自学课程内容中相关的知识，对于不了解的的地方要提前做出标记，同时课外自觉完成布置的作业及实验报告等。
二、课程教学基本内容及要求
第一章绪论
（1）免疫的概念：免疫概念的变迁，免疫的功能
（2）免疫学发展简史：经验免疫学、科学免疫学，现代免疫学
（3）免疫学研究的现状及发展趋势
基本要求：了解免疫学的基本概念，免疫学形成过程，以及当代免疫学的发展特点。
教学重点及难点：理解免疫学概念。
第二章免疫系统
（1）中枢免疫器官：免疫系统的组成（免疫器官、细胞、分子），骨髓、胸腺、法氏囊
（2）外周免疫器官：脾脏、淋巴结、扁桃体
（3）淋巴再循环：淋巴细胞系：T、B、NK细胞的定义、标志、发育、分类与功能等
（4）单核吞噬细胞系：单核细胞、巨噬细胞
（5）其他免疫细胞：粒细胞、肥大细胞、APC的定义分类等
基本要求：
（1）掌握免疫器官的种类和功能
（2）熟悉免疫系统的组成
教学重点及难点：各种免疫细胞的基本特征
第三章抗原
（1）抗原的概念：抗原、抗原的基本特性、完全抗原、半抗原、载体等
（2）影响抗原免疫应答的因素：抗原的理化特性、宿主因素、免疫途径与免疫剂量
（3）抗原的特异性与交叉反应：抗原决定簇、共同抗原与交叉反应
（4）半抗原的免疫特性：结合抗原、半抗原－载体现象
（5）抗原的分类：TD抗原核TI抗原
（6）超抗原与佐剂：概念、种类等
基本要求：掌握抗原的概念，决定免疫原性的因素，抗原的特性，以及免疫佐剂等知识内容。
教学重点及难点：决定免疫原性的因素和抗原的特意性
第四章免疫球蛋白
（1）概述：抗体的概念、免疫球蛋白的概念
（2）免疫球蛋白的结构与功能区：基本结构、其他成分、水解片段等
（3）免疫球蛋白的功能：V区、C区的功能
※（4）各类免疫球蛋白的特性（自学）
（5）免疫球蛋白的抗原性：IgG的类别、血清型
（6）抗体产生的规律：抗体出现的规律、免疫应答中抗体产生的规律
基本要求：
（1）掌握免疫球蛋白与抗体的概念；各类免疫球蛋白的特性及功能
（2）熟悉免疫球蛋白的结构
教学重点及难点：
（1）重点是各类免疫球蛋白的特性及功能；
（2）难点是免疫球蛋白的血清型
第五章补体系统
（1）补体系统的组成与命名：固有成分、活化的调控分子、补体受体
（2）补体系统的激活：经典途径、.旁路途经、.MBL途径
※（3）补体活化的调控：自身调节、调控因子的作用（自学）
（4）补体的生物学功能：介导的细胞溶解、水解片段的各种生物学效应
基本要求：掌握补体的激活途径,生物学功能以及补体的
激活调控。
教学重点及难点：补体的激活途径
第六章免疫应答
（1）概述：免疫应答的概念、分类、场所、过程等
（2）细胞免疫应答：识别阶段，诱导阶段、效应阶段，一般规律等
（3）体液免疫应答：识别阶段，诱导阶段、效应阶段、特点等
基本要求：熟悉免疫应答的概念及过程，掌握体液免疫效应的基本过程与功能，掌握细胞免疫的效应机制与功能。
教学重点及难点：免疫应答的概念及过程，体液免疫效应的基本过程与功能，细胞免疫的效应机制与功能。
第七章抗原抗体反应及应用
（1）多抗、单抗和基因工程抗体制备的基本原理及举例
（2）抗原抗体反应原理
（3）常用免疫学实验方法举例
基本要求：
（1）掌握多抗、单抗制备原理
（2）了解基因工程抗体制备基本原理
（3）了解免疫学常用实验技术
教学重点及难点：
（1）重点是单抗制备原理，免疫标记技术
（2）难点是基因工程抗体制备原理
※第八章疫调节
基本内容：§8-1 基因水平、分子水平、细胞水平、整体水平和群体水平的免疫调节
§8-2 独特性网络的免疫调节
※第九章免疫耐受基本内容：
§9-1 免疫耐受的概念、特性、形成的机制及其影响形成的因素和意义
§9-2 免疫耐受的形成、维持和终止的生物学意义。
※第十章超敏反应
基本内容：
§10-1 Ⅰ超敏反应
§10-2 Ⅱ超敏反应
§10-3 Ⅲ超敏反应
§10-4 Ⅳ超敏反应
三、课程学时分配
本课程计划33学时，其中讲课24学时，实验9学时。
课程主要内容和学时分配见课程学时分配表。
修订人：王新审核人：
年月日。