人教版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解
必修 5 Unitl Great scientists
Part 1. Warming up
1. explain
及物动词(vt.)
解释;说明；阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]
He expla in ed that he had bee n cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you expla in how the machi ne operates? 你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?
Please expla in this rule to me. 请给我讲解一下这条规则。
不及物动词(vi.)解释；说明；辩解
r ve got to explai n about it. 我得解释一下此事。
2. characteristic
n. 特征；特性Kindn ess is one of his characteristics.
adj. 独特的I heard my friend ' characteristic laugh.
be characteristic of sb./sth. 是..... 的特性
Such blu ntn ess is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。
3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?
put forward 提出(建议等)；提名；提前，把时钟往前拨
He put forward a new pla n. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your n ame forward as a possible chairma n of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席？
[归纳拓展]
put dow n 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭
put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期
put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上
put away 收好
选词填空
(put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out )
①The pla n that you ___ at the meet ing is won derful.
②Many tall buildi ngs were ___ along the road.
③Firefighters have bee n called to ___ the fire in the city cen ter.
④He has a little money to ____ for a rainy day.
⑤Don't ____ u n til tomorrow what can be done today.
Part 2. Pre-readi ng, readi ng and comprehe nding
1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scie ntific research
how to prove a new idea 为"疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、
衣?口等。
We haven 'decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。
The questio n is whe n to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。
2. draw a con clusi on 得出结论
1) conclusion 作名词，意为结束，结论”
come to/reach/arrive at a con clusi on 得出结论
in con clusi on 最后
I will in con clusi on say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 最后，我对我的东
京之行说几句。
2) conclude 作动词，“结束；断定；决定”。to conclude (作插入语)最后, 作为总结(= to sum up) To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.
3. John Snow was a famous doctor in London —so expert, indeed, that he attended
Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生------- 他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
expert
①n. 专家，能手an expert in psychology (心理学) an agricultural expert
②adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的an expert job 需专门知识的工作
He is expert in / at cooking.
attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料
①be present at 参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting
②attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve 伺候, 照顾，看护
The queen had a good doctor attending ( on ) her.
Dr Smith attended her in hospital.
Mother had to attend to her sick son.
③attend to 处理，注意倾听
Can you attend to the matter immediately?
I may be late —have got one or two thi ngs to atte nd to.
4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。
(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：
The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。
The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。
(2) expose
①暴露expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
②揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。
The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
expose a fraud 揭穿骗局
练习：The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that
night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having
recorded
5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不
清楚。
n either... nor... 既不.... 也不，连接句中两个相同成分。
①I n either knew nor cared what had happe ned to him. 我既不知道也不关心他出了
什么事。
② Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week. 将不会参加下星期的会议。
③ Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film. =Neither his pare nts nor Jim has see n the film. 电影。
cure vt. 治疗,治愈, 改正 n. 治疗, 治愈, 治疗法 ①cure sb (of sth )治好了某人(的 …，…) The only way to cure backache is to rest. When I left the hospital I was completely cured.
That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever. 除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。
This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治 .
②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法；解决问题，改善困境
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?
癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法 ?
The prices are going up every day ， but there is no cure for rising prices.
6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
(1) 本句为复合句， “So manythousands of terrified people died ”为主句， every time 引导时间状语从句，意思是 “每当 ……”。
(2) 有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如： every time ，
each time ， the last time ， next time ， the moment ， the minute ， immediately ，
instantly 等。
① Every time/Each time I express an opinion 时，她总是反驳。
② I found myself in an en tirely new world the mome nt/the minu te/immediately I arrived here. 我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
③ The last time I saw him ， he was quite well. 我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健 康。 ④ Give your father my best regards n ext time you see him. 请代我向他致以最好的问候。 [ 拓展延伸 ]
(1) for the first time 导时间状语从句。
(2) It is the first time that... 如果前面用 is ，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面
用was ，则从句动词用过去完成时. (3) It 's (high) time that... 从句动词用过去时或 should ＋动词原形。
It 's high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.
该到我们立即采
取措施阻止污染的时候了。
7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air ， a cloud of dangerous gas
floated around until it found its victims.
第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一
股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。
suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明 suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth. May suggested a
法国和英国都
吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部
治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。
那一沉重教训根
， she argues back. 每当我发表意见 下次你见到你父亲时， 是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而 the first time 是连词，引
picnic at the weekend.
He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.
He suggested us visit ing the Great Wall.
I suggested leavi ng early for the airport.
He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.
She suggested that her father (should) give up smok ing.
*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。
The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.
The look on his face suggested that he was happy.
8..The sec ond suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with
their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
absorb vt.(1) 专注，聚精会神
be absorbed in = put one ' heart into 集中精力做某事
I was absorbed in a book and didn ' t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听至M尔的电话。
Absorbed in his work , Tom simply forgot food and sleep. 汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了
吃饭和睡觉。
(2)吸收，把.... 吸收入(absorb...into... )
Black cloth absorbs light. 黑布吸收光线。
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own orga ni zati on. 这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。
The clever boy absorbed all the kno wledge his teacher could give him. 那个聪明的
男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。
9.Joh n Snow suspected that the sec ond theory was correct but he n eeded evide nee. 约翰斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。
suspect vt. 认为，怀疑
常用短语：suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.
They suspect him to be the murderer.( 他们怀疑他是凶手)
She suspected him of tak ing her mon ey.
n. 嫌疑犯；可疑分子[C]
10 .....,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more tha n 500 people died in ten days.
severe adj. 严厉地；苛刻的；严格的
be severe with/on 对.... 严格/ 严厉You are too severe on the boy.
剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的 a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作
adv. severely
II.Next, Joh n Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。look into 调查，了解，研究；朝里面看
与one' s face/eyes 等连用，表示 "注视” He looks into her face with great in terest.
他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。
和look组成的其他短语
look aroun d/about 环顾四周look back 回头看
look down upo n 轻视，瞧不起
look after 照顾；照料look back on 回顾；回想look for 寻求；寻找
① blame sb. for sth. / doi ng sth.
为某事责备某人 / 责备某人做了某事
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the pla n. ② blame sth. on sb. / sth.
把某事归咎于某人；因某事而指责某人
The police blamed the traffic accident on jack ' s careless driving.
③ be to blame for(doing)sth . 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意 ：be to blame
应受责备(主动表被动)；应负责任
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accide nt. ④ accept / bear / take the blame for sth.
对某事负责任 He is ready to take the blame for what had happe ned. ⑤ put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
13.ln ano ther part of London, he found support ing evide nee from two other deaths
that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布
洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。
link vt. 连接；联系n.环；连接；联系；纽带
14. A woma n, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走
了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。
15. With this extra evide nee Joh n Snow was able to announce with certa inty that polluted water carried the virus. 利用这个额外证据，约翰
斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布 污染水携带病菌。
announce vt.
⑴宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)
announee sth.(to sb.)( 向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that... 宣布 ...... ; 通知 .... It is announced that... 据宣布 …
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow. 请通知你
们班明天不上学。
据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。 （2）（事情）显示……；预告
The bright flowers announ ced that spri ng was here. ［拓展延伸］announcement n .宣布；口头通知 make an announcement 下通知 16.
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow
suggest ed that the source of
all the water supplies be exami ned. 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰
斯诺建议，所有 水
源都要经过检测。
prevent/stop...(from)
doing sth. 或 keep...from doing sth. 意为 阻止 ........... 做某事”
look forward to (do ing) 盼望 look on/upon ...as 把 ...... 看作
look through 浏览 look up to sb.
尊敬/仰慕某人
12. It seemed that the water was to blame.
blame v.责备；谴责；把 ……归咎于
look on 旁观
look out look up
往外看；注意；当心
抬头看；查看 看来要归罪于饮用水了。
n.过失；责备;（过失、过错等）责任
It has bee n officially announced that he will pay a sec ond visit to China soon.
鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
announ cer n. 播音员