American History 美国历史(1600-1900)
英语国家概况之美国历史
Pre-colonial period
Indians: The “first Americans”
Indians
America Indian
• In ancient times ,the Bering Strait was tied together ,it was possible for the Indians to walk from Asia to Alaska about 12,000 years ago.
• In 1492, Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands. • Columbus believed that he had reached India and called the native people Indians. • Amerigo Vespucci discovered the continent of South America, the continent was named after him.
The Founding of the 13 Colonies
• After the British founded the first colony in America in 1607 • The Pilgrims ,in 1620, sailed by a ship called Mayflower and arrived at Plymouth Massachusetts. • Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.
Five chapters 1 Foreword 2 Preface 3 Accused King George III 4 Denounce British 5 Conclusion
American History
美国历史
美国全称美利坚合众国（英语：United States of America），原为英国殖民地，后因种种因素逐渐兴起而成为一个强大的国家。
北美洲原始居民为印第安人。
16-18世纪，正在进行资本原始积累的西欧各国相继入侵北美洲。
到了十八世纪中期，在北美大西洋沿岸建立了十三块殖民地，殖民地的经济，文化，政治相对成熟。
但是殖民地与英国之间产生了裂痕，英国继续对北美地区采取高压政策，引起了北美地区居民强烈不满。
从1776年到1783年，北美十三州在华盛顿领导下取得了独立战争的胜利。
美国正式诞生，先后制定了一系列民主政治的法令。
逐步成为一个完全独立的民族主权国家。
美国独立后积极进行领土扩展，美国领土逐渐由大西洋沿岸扩张到太平洋沿岸。
经济发生了显著变化，北部、南部经济沿着不同方向发展。
南北矛盾日益加重。
1861年4月至1865年4月，美国南方与北方之间进行的战争，又称美国内战。
最终是北方领导的资产阶级获胜统一全国。
1865年开始了重建时期，逐步废除奴隶制，1877年，南部进行民主重建，制订了民主的进步法令，标志着民主重建的结束。
后来美国完成了工业革命，经济实力大增，两次世界大战奠定了美国在资本主义世界中霸主的地位。
冷战开始后和苏联平分天下。
冷战结束后，美国成为世界上唯一的超级大国。
但是二十世纪八十年代年美国经济情况仍较平稳。
进入90年代，美国计算机产业发展迅速，并带动全球的高科技信息产业，开拓了新一代的产业革命。
美国历史总结(时间线)
美国历史总结(时间线)美国历史总结(时间线)1：美洲原住民时代- 公元前15,000年至公元前1,000年左右，美洲原住民在北美大陆定居和发展。
- 不同部落在经济、社会和宗教方面有各自的特点，如印第安人、伊努伊特人和马雅人等。
2：殖民地时代 (1607-1776)a：英国殖民地的建立- 1607年，弗吉尼亚公司在维吉尼亚建立了詹姆斯敦殖民地，成为第一个英国殖民地。
- 随后，其他英国殖民地纷纷建立，如马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚和纽约等。
b：七年战争- 1754-1763年，七年战争（法印战争）爆发，法国在北美地区的殖民地失去了大片土地，英国殖民地扩张。
c：独立革命 (1775-1783)- 1775年，美国殖民地爆发独立革命，推翻英国统治。
- 1776年，美国独立宣言签署，确立了独立的地位。
- 1783年，在巴黎和谈中，英国承认美国独立。
3：建国时期 (1783-1800)a：建立联邦- 1787年，美国宪法起草并获得批准，建立了联邦。
- 1789年，美国第一届总统乔治·华盛顿就职。
b：路易斯安那购地和扩张- 1803年，美国通过路易斯安那购地扩大领土，从法国购得大片土地。
4：内战时期 (1861-1865)a：南北战争- 1861年，南部十一个州宣布脱离联邦，导致南北战争爆发。
- 1865年，北方胜利，废除奴隶制度，确保联邦统一。
5：工业化和西部拓荒时期 (1865-1900)a：工业化进程- 19世纪末，美国工业化迅速发展，铁路建设、钢铁和石油工业蓬勃发展，工业资本主义兴起。
b：西部拓荒和印第安人问题- 1862年通过土地法案，鼓励移民西部定居，导致与印第安人的冲突。
- 1890年，印第安人战争结束，西部拓荒达到顶峰。
6：两次世界大战和后冷战时期 (1900-2000)a：两次世界大战- 1917年，美国参加第一次世界大战，结束后成为世界大国。
- 1941年，美国在珍珠港遭到袭击，加入第二次世界大战。
欧美文化——美国历史
American HistoryAmerica Between 1600-19001)Pre-Columbian Period前哥伦比亚时期美国最早的居民是通过白令陆桥到达阿拉斯加的，之后他们迁移到美洲各个地方。
2)Columbian Period(late 15th-18th century)殖民地时期美国第一个殖民地建立于弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯敦Jamestown，在1607年到1733年之间，英国共建立了13个殖民地，最后一个是乔治亚Georgia。
新英格兰地区首先由清教徒建立，普利茅斯殖民地建于1620年，马萨诸塞湾殖民地于1630年建立。
3)Formation of the United States of America(1776-1789)美国的形成13个英国殖民地于1776年宣布独立，同年，托马斯·杰斐逊Tomas Jefferson起草《独立宣言》，并于1776年7月4日的第二次大陆会议通过。
《巴黎条约》的签署标志着英国正式承认美国独立。
1789年，联邦政府成立，华盛顿Washington成为第一任美国总统，约翰·亚当斯John Adams 为第一任副总统。
4)The Civil War(1861-1865)美国内战在林肯继任美国总统以后，南方的11个州脱离政府，成立了美利坚联合国。
内战于1861年爆发，1865年借宿，北方胜利。
1861年反对黑奴的共和党人亚伯拉罕·林肯Abraham Lincoln当选总统，1862年宣布了Emancipation Proclamation《解放奴隶宣言》。
1863年11月19日，林肯发表了著名的葛底斯堡演说，他说都：“民有、民治、民享的政府永远不会从地球上消失”。
1865年，美国宪法用来废除奴隶制度的《第十三修正案》被批准通过。
America After 19001)US and WWI (1914-1918)一战始于1914年7月28日，于1918年11月11日结束，历时大约四年。
American History美国历史
II. The War of Independence
The start of the war: Lexington shot, 1775 The two parties: UK and the 13 colonies The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 The turning point of the war: Saratory victory, 1777 The result: America won, 1781 The end: Treaty of Paris announced the final victory of the Americans
E Superpower
XIII. The Cold War
•
• •
A. American foreign policy after 1945—anti-communist
B. NATO and Warsaw Pact C. Involvement in Korean War and Vietnam War
The Battle of Y来自rktown• Date: October 1781
• Place: Virginia
• Combatants:
• Americans and French Vs. • the British
III The Civil War
Time duration: 1861-1865 Combatants: the Confederate States in the south VS the Union States in the north Conficts: slavery; economic policy Result: the Union Army won
美国文学Chapter 16American History
it was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to “save American democracy” and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.
5.the Ku Klux Klan(KKK)三K党
The KKK was first organized in 1866 and then reformed in 1867 after the Civil War in the South and by 1924 it claimed a membership of four to five million. It was a violent society which terrorized and attacked on not only blacks ,but also progressives, Communist and socialist party members, etc.
10． American diplomacy in WWII was largely diplomacy towards Britain and the Soviet Union.There were two guiding principles behind all diplomatic activities:1>to win the war;2>to establish t postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.二战期间，美国的外交政策大体上是针对英国的前苏联的，所有外交政策的两个主导原则是：羸得战争，按美国利益建立战后政治格局并阻止苏联的过度扩张。
美国历史文化1600-1763
What people believed
The New England colonists were largely Puritans(清教徒） The New England colonists were largely Puritans， including Quakers (贵格会)Catholics（天主教徒） Lutherans（路德会教 友）Jews（犹太教徒） and others The Southern colonists had a mixture of religions as well, including Baptists （浸信会）and Anglicans（圣公会）
1
planting
2 3
4 5
grazing
hunting fishing forestry
grazing in woods and farms
four major animals:
planting in plantations
four major crops:
fishing in rivers and Atlantic coast
American history and culture （1600-1763）
Time Line
1600
1763
The agriculture of colonial era
Time: early 18th century History:
Indians
American History
America after 1900
US and WWI 1914-1918
The result of the Paris Conference was the emergence of the Versailles Treaty System《凡尔赛体系》 in Europe and later it was supplemented by the Washington System in Asia
In 1789, the Federal Government was set up and Washington became the 1st American president.
America between 1600-1900
The civil war 1861-1865
America after 1900
(1) The Paris Conference on January 18th, 1919 which was actually a conference of division of colonies of the defeated counties was dominated by the following countries EXCEPT
(3)The American ___ policy was the official policy towards the Soviet Union until 1989.
B
(A) Peaceful co-existence (B) containment (C) Mutual support (C) political infiltration
America between 1600-1900
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I. Discovery of the New World
II. The Colonial Period
III. The War of Independence
IV. The War of 1812
V. Territorial Expansion and Westward Movement
4. both sides realize that their disputes should be solved through negotiation
பைடு நூலகம்
Manifest Destiny: 1. the inevitability of the founding of the U.S.
2. The legitimacy of the expansion of American Territory
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
A political theory from John Locke (British philosopher)
6.Treaty of Paris (In Sep. 1783 )
It was a historic event: by smashing the fetters of British colonial rule, the American people gained independence, which gave capitalism a chance for freer development. It had great international influence.
Causes: Trade tensions Impressments Territory expansion
Significances:
1. the war made people realize the importance of a strong national government 2. Strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism 3. The Americans turned their attention to the development of the western part
3. the spread of American democracy being the task of American people who were chosen to do the lord’s work
1.Forced England to give up the Old Northwest (present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin) 2. Forced Spain to open the Mississippi River 3, the Louisiana purchase 4. Forced Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf coast 5. Texas Annexation in 1845 6. Got California and New Mexico (Now the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Colorado and Wyoming) by war in 1846 7. The Gadsden Purchase in 1853 8. Alaska Purchase from the Russian Empire for $7,200,000 in 1867. 9. Hawaii, annexed 1898
The Pilgrims
The Puritans: wealthy, well-educated, a respect for learning The American character: representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and strong spirit of individual enterprise
1,. A stable political environment 2. Enough labor supply
3 development of science and technology
4. National policy 5. Rich natural resources
1. Who were the first Americans? How did they come to America? 2. Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development? 3. What were the causes of the war of Independence? 4. What does the Declaration of Independence tell us? 5. What were the causes and consequences of the war of 1812? 6. What are the implication of “Manifest Destiny”? 7. Why did the U.S see a golden development after the Civil War?
VI. Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil War
American Indians
1492 Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci
Reasons: opportunity in search of religious freedom