Chapter 4 练习题

第四章练习题I. Define the following terms (名词解释) ：1. Culture 6. Factual knowledge2. Cultural sensitivity 7. Interpretive knowledge3. Linguistic distance 8. Cultural values4. Strategy of unplanned change 9. Cultural borrowing5. Social institutions 10. Material cultureII. Multiple Choice Questions (单项选择)：1.__________ is pervasive in all marketing activities; the marketer's efforts actually becomea part of the __________.A. Resistance; opposition to changeB. Culture; fabric of cultureC. Acceptance; new global contextD. Public relations; cultureE. Change; marketing strategy2._____________ is the human-made part of human environment.A. SociologyB. PsychologyC. CultureD. Reference groupsE. Cohort groups3.The sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilitiesand habits acquired by humans as members of society is called:A. SociologyB. PsychologyC. CultureD. Reference groupsE. Cohort groups4.When marketers first introduced the PDA to the American consumer they performed therole of being a(n) _____________ because the cultural impact of the product becamewidespread.A. gatekeeperB. role playerC. supply creatorD. agent of changeE. promoter5.With respect to a cultural fact, which of the following countries has the highest rate ofconsumption of chocolate?A. FranceB. GermanyC. United StatesD. ItalyE. United Kingdom6.As Mike Jones has grown up he has learned a great about his culture from his schools,church, mass media, and family. This learning is called:A. acculturation.B. socialization.C. naturalization.D. emancipation.E. adaptation.7.The following traits have been identified as those shared by humans EXCEPT__________.A. conceive of success and failureB. overestimate objectivity of thoughtC. express emotions with faceD. engage in sport activitiesE. imitate outside influences8.Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines. Even though he was born in LosAngeles, Mervin has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friends, and capitalize on opportunities than were not available in his previous home or workplace. Mervin will go through what is called a ______________ as he adjusts to livingin Manila.A. acculturationB. socializationC. naturalizationD. emancipationE. standardization9.The family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations are all illustrationsof what are called:A. social institutions.B. cultural icons.C. internal variables.D. external variables.E. demographic variables.10.In most cultures the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes theform of a:A. day care center.B. school.C. religious institution (church, mosque, shrine, or temple).D. shopping mall.E. government agency.11.Many languages are very different from other languages. Which of the following languagesis the most distant from English?A. French.B. German.C. Spanish.D. Arabic.E. Taiwanese (Taiwan).12.The ________________ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one'sself-interest.A. Individualism/CollectivismB. Power DistanceC. Uncertainty AvoidanceD. RitualE. Language13.Which of the following countries scores highest on the Individualism/Collectivism Indexmeaning that this country values and rewards individual initiative more that the others cited?A. BrazilB. GreeceC. FranceD. GermanyE. United States14.Which of the following countries would have the most affinity (score highest) forcollectivism (cohesive groups are honored and encouraged)?A. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. CanadaD. FranceE. Japan15.The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measure the tolerance of ___________ and __________among members of a society.A. social equality; inequalityB. self-interest; collective interestC. uncertainty; ambiguityD. primary; secondary language toleranceE. ritual; dislocation16.The relationship between language and international marketing is an important factor thatcannot be overestimated. Recent studies indicate that a new concept, __________, isproving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entrydecisions.A. linguistic trapsB. linguistic distanceC. language parallelsD. language rootsE. linguistic accents17.Which of the following general terms would most closely be associated with the arts,folklore, music, drama, and dance?A. controllable environmental variablesB. uncontrollable environmental variablesC. aestheticsD. cultural mandatesE. cultural icons18.Much of what we learn to believe comes from:A. the media.B. the Internet.C. religious training.D. biological heredity.E. physiological need states.19.Gin and Oki Chen are about to purchase a new home in San Francisco. The first homeshown to the couple is a lovely ranch-style house. As Gin looks at the home she comments to the real estate broker, "This will never do. I am sorry but the front entrance facesnorthwest. No one would ever visit us. May we please see another house from your list."Her husband concurs. Which of the following would explain why Gin Chen's statement was so strong and why she would rather look at another home?A. She is afraid of earthquakes in the San Francisco area.B. She dislikes the color of the house but is afraid to say so because it would be rude.C. She never has liked houses that face shaded areas.D. She is from southern China and, therefore, prefers an entrance that faces southwest.E. She respects traditional feng shui beliefs.20.How people think and view the world is important to any cultural study of the internationalenvironment. According to a book written by Richard Nisbett, The Geography of Thought, Asians tend to:A. prefer home cooking to fast food.B. see the whole picture and can report details about background and foreground.C. focus on small details in the foreground but cannot often see the "big picture."D. see the world (surprisingly) in a similar way to everyone else.E. see only what they want to see as they are very biased on their outlook on life.III. Fill in the Blanks Questions (填空题)1.Marketers often seek to get consumers to adopt new ideas and products. When themarketers do this they are called ____________.2. Underlying the cultural diversity that exists among countries are fundamental differencesin cultural __________.3.Linguistic ___________ is proving useful to marketing researchers in marketingsegmentation and strategic entry decisions.4. ___________ knowledge is usually obvious and must be learned.5.Being attuned to the nuances of culture is called cultural ___________.IV. True/False Questions (判断题)1. There is a moderate level American-style risk-taking among Japanese investors. ( )2. The liberalization of Japan's capital markets in recent years now gives Japanese more freedom of choice in their investments. However, only twelve percent of household financial assets are directly invested in stocks and a mere two percent in mutual funds. ( )3. The Japanese transition into a more modern and stable securities market has been a smooth one. ( )4. The manner and amount in which people consume are factors that dictate their style of living. ( )5. Apparently obesity in the United States is causing Disneyland to deepen the channel on which its Small World boats float to keep the boats from bottoming out. ( )6. Culture deals with a group's design for living. ( )7. According to the text, culture is specifically how well someone walks, talks, or writes. ( )8. Marketers are often considered to be agents of change with respect to culture. ( )9. Culture affects every part of our lives, every day, from birth to death and everything in between. ( )10. According to Dutch professor Geert Hofstede, culture is a figment of our imagination. ( )11. According to the text, culture can trace its origins to geography, history, technology and political economy, and social institutions. ( )12. Good illustrations of elements of culture would be one's family, religion, schools, media, government, and even corporations. ( )13. In most cultures the first social institution infants are exposed to outside of the home takes the form of a church or other religious institution. ( )14. The two social institutions that most strongly influence values and culture are governments and nonprofit institutions. ( )15. Underlying the cultural diversity that exists among countries are fundamental differences in cultural values. ( )V. Essay Questions (问答题)1.Culture deals with a group's design for living. Comment and explain.2.Describe the relationships among origins, elements, and consequences of culture accordingto the model presented in the text.3.Considering that the United States scores high on the Individualism /Collectivism Index (91)and Japan scores low (46), describe what this means to a marketer of an automobile, computer, or life insurance policy (pick one for discussion).4.Culture is dynamic in nature; it is a living process. Comment.ing information gained from the model that demonstrates origins, elements, andconsequences of culture, create an example of how one culture might adapt a product or service from another culture. Please be specific in your application and use of the model.。