新版人教必修一Unit3 sports and fitness核心考点归纳
Unit 3 Sports and fitness核心考点归纳
【重点单词】
1. event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动(教材P36)
①The 800－race is the last event of this afternoon.
800米赛跑是今天下午的最后一个比赛项目。
②“Crack down against flies and tigers” has been one of the main events these years.“苍蝇、老虎一起打”已经成为近年来的主要大事之一。
③The fund－raising event is very successful.
筹款活动非常成功。
[易混辨析：event/incident/matter/affair]
?event指重要事情以及比赛项目等。
The foundation of the PRC was a great event of1949.
中华人民共和国的成立是1949年的重大事件。
?incident尤指不寻常的或令人不快的事、暴力事件、严重事件或（两国间的）摩擦。
There was a shooting incident near here last night.昨晚这附近发生了枪击事件。
?matter着重指需要考虑的或需要处理的事情。
They have important matters to talk about. 他们有重要的事情要谈。
?affair指公共事务，政治事务（多用复数形式）;个人事务。
The minister is busy with state affairs.部长忙于处理国务。
2. honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸（教材P38）
（1）have the honour of（doing））sth.得到某殊荣，有幸做某事
in honour of sb.=in sb.'s honour为向某人表示敬意，为纪念某人
It is an honour（for sb.）to do..（对某人来说）做……是种荣幸
（2）vt.尊敬，尊重（某人）;给予（某人）荣誉
honour sb.with sth.用某事使某人感到荣幸/给予某人表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）（3）be/feel honored that.…因……而感到荣幸
be/feel honored（to do sth.）（因做某事而）感到荣幸
①May I have_the_honour_of_dancing with you?
能赏光和我跳舞吗？
②The stadium was named in_honour_of the club's first chairman.
该体育馆以俱乐部的第一任主席命名以示纪念。
③It's_a_great_honour_to_have_dinner with you tonight.
今晚能跟你共进晚餐我深感荣幸。
④The university honored_the_student_with the special prize for his academic excellence.
大学给那个学生颁发了特别奖，以此来表彰他优异的学术成就。
⑤I feel_honored_to_be_invited to speak here.
受邀在这儿发言我感到荣幸。
3. determination n.决心;决定（教材P38）
（1）with determination 坚决地;果断地
（2）d etermine v.确定;决定;使下定决心
d etermin
e on/upon（doing）sth.决定（做）某事
d etermin
e to d o sth.决定做某事
d etermine＋that/wh-从句决定…….
（3）d etermined adj.有决心的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
①He fought the illness with_courage_and_determination.
他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。
②He determined_to_rescue his two countrymen.
他决意营救自己的两名同胞。
③I have_determined_on_working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
我已决定毕业后到农村支教。
④)Yet, I_was_determined_to_go ahead.
然而，我决心继续。
⑤The investigation will determine_what_really_happened.
调查会查明到底发生了什么事情。
4. injure vt.使受伤;损害（教材P38）
（1）injure oneself伤害自己
（2）injured adj.受伤的;有伤的
the injured伤员
（3）injury n.伤口;伤害;损伤
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人
①It's physically impossible to jump from such a height and not injure_oneself.
从这种高度跳下去而又不伤着自己，从生理上讲是不可能的。
②After the accident, the_injured were taken to the nearest hospital in no time.
事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。
③There were no injuries in the crash.
撞车事故中无人受伤。
[易混辨析：injure/hurt/wound/harm]
?injure多指在意外事故中受伤
He was knocked down by a cab and was badly injured.
他被一辆出租车撞倒了，严重受伤。
?hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害
I didn't hurt your feelings on purpose.
我不是故意伤害你的感情的。
?wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤
The soldier was wounded badly.这位士兵受伤严重。
?harm一般指伤害有生命的东西，偶尔也用于指伤害无生命的事物，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等
Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重损害了他的健康。
5. strength n.力量;体力（教材P38）
（1）build up one's strength/body强身健体
on the strength of sth.凭借（或根据））某事物;在某事物的影响下
strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点
（2）The strength of….is that.….……的优点是…
（3）strengthen vt.&. vi.加强
①Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build_up_one's_strength,_but also develop one's character.
练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。
②I got the job on_the_strength_of your recommendation.
由于您的推荐，我得到了那份工作。
③We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.
大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。
6. diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食vi. 节食(教材P42)
固定搭配：
on a diet 在节食；在按规定饮食
balanced diet 均衡的饮食
proper diet 合理的饮食
vegetarian diet 素食
strict diet 严格的节食
diet pills 减肥药
①Have you been on_a_diet? You've lost a lot of weight.
你最近在节食吗？你瘦了好多。
②He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced_diet.
他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了，饮食也均衡了。
③The doctor put me on a very strict_diet.
医生严格限制我的饮食。
7. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音
vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi. 焦虑不安(教材P43)
(1)under stress 在压力之下
under the stress of ... 在……的压力下
lay/put/place stress on 强调/重视
(2)stress the importance of ... 强调……的重要性
stress out/stress sb. (out) (使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪
(3)stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑的
①In “mother” the stress falls on the first syllable.
mother一词的重音在第一个音节。
②Lily has been under_great_stress since her mother's illness.
自从母亲生病以来，莉莉承受了很大的压力。
③We lay_special_stress_on developing good neighbourly relations with nearby countries. 我们特别重视发展同邻近国家的友好关系。
④Driving in cities really stresses_me_(out)．
在城市里开车让我真的很紧张。
【重点短语】
1. come along跟随;到达;进步;赶快（教材P36)
come about发生
come out 出现;出版;结果是
come up with想出;提出
come across穿过（路、桥）;（偶然）遇到;发现
come to 苏醒;到达;共计
when it comes to（doing）sth.当谈及（做）某事
①I began to come_along well in English after I improved my study methods.
改进了学习方法以后，我的英语开始有所进步。
②When is the new edition coming_out?
新版什么时候出版？
③He's the best opponent I've come_across this season, a great player.
他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手，一位了不起的运动员。
④I've something to say when_it_comes_to_improving the education of children.
谈到改善孩子的教育问题，我有话要说。
2. work out锻炼身体;解决;计算出（教材P37）
（1）work on从事…….
work at从事/致力于
work as sth.从事……工作
（2）out of work失业
at work 在工作;在干活
①He has_been_working_on a new novel for over a year.
一年多以来，他一直在写一部新小说。
②Learning to play the piano isn't easy. You have to work_at it.
学弹钢琴不容易，你非得下功夫不可。
③The law to be carried out next month will benefit those who are out_of_work.
将于下个月颁布的法律会使失业者受益。
名师点津work out作“解决；制订出”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼；产生结果”时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式
3. fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃（教材P38）
take sth.apart将……拆开，拆分
tell..apart分辨出……
set sb.apart 使某人与众不同
apart from除……·之外（都）;除……之外（尚有）
①The rope bridge breaks in the middle and both halves fall_apart.
索桥从中间断了，两头塌了下去。
②When the clock stopped he took_it_apart to find out what was wrong.
钟一不走了，他就把它拆开看看哪儿出毛病了。
③I can still only tell Mark apart_from_Dave by the colour of their shoes!
我仍然只能根据鞋子的颜色来区分马克和戴夫！
④The room was empty apart_from one man seated beside the fire.
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
4. give up 放弃;投降（教材P38）
give in屈服;上交
give away 赠送;泄露;出卖
give back 归还
give off放出;散发出（液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音等）give out分发;用完，消耗尽，精疲力竭
①He never gave_up learning English though it was hard.
尽管英语难学，但他从未放弃学英语。
②The children were required to give_in their examination papers immediately. 孩子们被要求马上交上试卷。
③The couple gave_away most of their fortune to the poor in their small town. 这对夫妻把他们的大部分财产都捐赠给了他们生活的那个小镇上的穷人。
④If plastic and rubber are burnt, they'll give_off poisonous gases.
要是塑料和橡胶被焚，就会放出有毒的气体。
5. make a difference 有作用或影响(教材P42)
(1)make a difference to sb./sth. 对……有影响/有关系
make no/some difference 没有/有些作用/关系/影响
make all the difference (to sb./sth.) 关系重大，大不相同
It makes a difference (to sb.)＋wh－从句……(对某人)有影响/有关系
(2)tell the difference 看出差异
①Changing schools made_a_big_difference_to my life.
转学对我的一生有着重大影响。
②It makes_a_difference_which you choose.
你选择哪一个事关重大。
6. cut ... out停止做(或使用，食用)；剪下(教材P42)
cut down 砍倒；减少；删节
cut in 插话
cut up 切碎；使伤心
cut across sth. 抄近路穿过；走近路
cut off 切断；中止；隔绝
①The doctor told me to cut_out meat for my fat.
由于肥胖，大夫叫我停止吃肉。
②It is impolite for children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.
孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
③I usually cut_across the park on my way home.
我回家常抄近路，从公园里头走。
④To cut_down the dangers such as electrical current, he cut_off the electric source first. 为了减少危险，比如电流，他先切断了电源。
【重点语句】
1 Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 失去两名重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但是郎平没有失去信心。（教材P38）
剖析：
本句中Losing two important players为动名词作主语。
归纳拓展：
动名词（短语）作主语的用法∶
（1）意义∶多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态;不定式（短语）作主语可以表示一次性的、具体的动作。
（2）谓语动词的数∶动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。（3）位置∶动名词（短语）可位于句首或句末，位于句末时常用it 作形式主语。
①Having_a_balanced_diet is very important.
均衡的饮食非常重要。
②To_finish_the_task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
③It is no use worrying_about_it.
为这事担心无济于事。
名师点津动名词短语作主语时，如果要突出动名词短语动作的执行者，要在动名词短语前加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
2 Once I started thinking about fitness rather_than weight, things began to change.
一旦我开始思考身体是否健康而不是体重，事情开始发生了变化。(教材P42)
剖析rather than意为“而不是”，相当于并列连词。
I would_rather_sleep_than watch this movie.
我宁愿睡觉也不看这部电影。
②He is an explorer rather_than a sailor.
与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。
③The sweater she bought was beautiful rather_than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
④We should help him rather_than he should help us.
是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
⑤All of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D－printed, rather_than farm to table. 它提供的所有菜肴和甜点都是3D打印的，而不是从农场到餐桌。
名师点津rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。