[高考]专四语法非谓语动词
专四练习之语法2(非谓语动词,独立结构、悬垂结构)解读
2. 非谓语动词作宾语
1.to do 和doing可作宾语，done不行 To do 表未完成或未发生，doing表已完成或已 发生。 1）接to do的动词：afford/agree/aim/apply arrange/ ask/ beg/ choose/ claim/ dare/ decide/ decline/ demand/ desire/ determine/ expect/ fail/ guarantee/ hope/ manage/ offer/ ought / plan/ prepare/ presume/ pretend/ proceed/ promise/ refuse/ request/ resolve/ seek/ strive/ swear/ threaten/ undertake/ volunteer/ wish 等
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表 一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
I. 非谓语动词
专四之非谓语动词(课件)
The missing boy was last seen _p__la_y_i_n_g__ near the are a lot of students
arpelapnlatnintigng trees on the small hill. 2. He lay on the grass, anlodolkooinkging at
V-ing 的否定式
在 分词前加“not ”
语态
时态
主动
被动
一般式 (not) doing (not)being done
完成式 (not)
(not) having
having done
been done
V-ing 在句子中充当的成分
1.SSeenndding e-mails is more and more popular. 主语
例如：The street was covered with fallen leaves.
这条马路被落叶所覆盖
一. 主语一致性的考察
1._S_e_e_i_n_g_ from the hill, you can get the whole town. 2.__S_e_e_n__ from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.
句子成分
3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成
Can you speak French? We must be careful.
4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以 直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后 加介词再跟宾语
We depend on ourselves, not others.
英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构 如果出现更多动词： ❖ 加连词（and / but / so…） ❖ 放入从句 主❖语变、谓为语非、谓宾语语动、词定语、状语、补语
专四语法(非谓语动词)解读
(4) 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表 示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的 逻辑主语则由of引导： absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
• 真题示例：“The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT • A. the man who has prepared the documents • B. the man who has been preparing the documents. • C. the man who is preparing the documents • D. the man who will prepare the documents
真题演练
• 1. It is not uncommon for there ____ problem of communication between the old and the young. • A. being B. would be C. be D. to be • 2. _____ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate. • A. Looking B. Looked • C. Being looked D. To look • 3. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ___ the spoil ones. • A. not counting B. not to count • C. don’t count D. having not counted
专四必考语法第6讲非谓语动词
Gerund 动名词，非谓语动词英语中，不作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其它语法功能的v ，叫非谓语动词，它不受主语人称、数等因素的限定，又被称作非限定动词。
三大非谓语动词：动名词，分词和不定式。
动名词的语法功能1. 作主语Seeing is believing.Listening to music is one of my hobbies.Studying abroad has many advantages.Getting to know the world is what the future society requires of us.习惯用法A. It is no use / good/harm+Ving. It is no use quarreling with her. It's no use crying over thespilt milk.B. There is no+Ving. There is no denying (the fact) that women are playing an important role inthe world today.There is no joking about this matter. 这事开不得玩笑。
2. 作表语My favorite pastime is collecting stamps.Her hobby is swimming and cycling.One of the good virtues of a young person is being punctual.My job is teaching.One of the most difficult tasks you may encounter is learning a foreign language.3. 作动词宾语She enjoys listening to rock music.We appreciate your offering to help.We must avoid making such mistakes again.People who like travelling have their reasons.跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase:admit, appreciate, avoid, confess to, consider, delay, deny, endure(忍耐), enjoy, escape,excuse, fancy(想象), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice,risk, can't help, feel like, give up, keep out, object to (反对), oppose, put off(推迟).注意：动名词作宾语后面带有补语，一般不用形式宾语it。
专四语法考点串讲之三 非谓语动词
• I have a lot of homework to do. • We were waiting for the door to be opened. • .
• 完成式 •
to have done to have been done 分词动作比谓语动作的发生早
• •
eg. I'm sorry to have lost your key. I am happy for the article to have been finished in time.
• 注意：why +动词原形或not+动词原形。
• •
。Why
make so much noise 为什么发出这么大的噪音？ Why not join us 为什么不加入我们？
• 3. It is + 形容词 + for of sb + to do 结构 • Eg. It's kind of you to think so much of us. • 难为你这么为我们着想.
用完成式。
Eg. Having done his homework, he began to watch TV. • • Having heard this, the woman expressed her satisfaction
考点四：不定式做状语四结果三目的 （必备）
• 一、不定式表结果 • 1） so(such) ... as to do 如此…以便（表结果） • Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 把你的自 行车借给我好吗？ • 2） enough to do • He didn‘t run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。 • 3） too ... to do • His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. • 4）only to不料(却)……,结果(却)……",表示坏的结果 • I went to shopping, only to find it was closed.
专四语法非谓语动词
English and recognize how it is used.
(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语， 相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： ambition to do “干……的雄心” →be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “对……的好奇心” →be curious to do“对……好奇” ability to do“做……的能力” →able to do“有能力做……”
2.不定式做宾语 掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear,
the door, only to find it locked.
The three men tried many times to sneak across the
border into the neighbouring country, only to be captured by the police each time.(99年)
changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place...)
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave...)
专四语法-非谓语动词-doing
3
• doing一般式表示动作同时发生；
• Having done表示动作要先于主句谓 语动作之前发生; • Having done不能做定语.
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2 常考固定搭配和固定句型
• 常用doing的句型： (1) 熟记it is …v-ing 句式中常考词汇：no good, no use , useless , a waste of time, worthwhile, dangerous, not an easy task . • It is no use waiting for him any longer. • It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .
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6 独立主格
• Weather permitting, we’ll go for a walk together tomorrow. • Everything (being) ready, we start our journey. • Winter having come, we put on more clothes.
Gramma r
--非谓语动词:doing
非谓语动词形式
非 谓 语 动 词
不定式 动名词 分词
2
(二) 动名词/现在分词 doing/not doing 1 时态, 语态
vt 主动 doing
Having done
一般式 完成式
vt vi 被动 主动 Being done doing
Having Having done been done
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3 成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语
（6）状语 • 不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、 程度及位于形容词后作状语； • 分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、 让步或伴随方式 • 有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主 语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类 成 分只记忆即可。如 : • generally speaking, judging from...,
英语专四语法总结—非谓语动词的其他考点【卧龙雪痕】
英语专四语法总结—非谓语动词的其他考点【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外国语学院】非谓语动词的其他考点1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法mean to do想要(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事) go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2.不定式的习惯用法句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。
如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.3.动名词的习惯用法句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I know it isn’t important but I can’t help thinking about it. There is no use crying over spilt milk.Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.4.there be 非谓语动词的用法(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的持续要求。
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I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
I hate to get up early tomorrow. 我讨厌明天要 早起。（一次性的行为）
D. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如： remember, forget, stop, etc. 此时，二者的差别很大， 需要加以区别。
E. 动名词复合结构可以做主语、宾语和表 语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主 语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：
真题举例
The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.(99, 42)
A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured [C]
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
[D]【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语 动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因 此可以直接排除[A]和[C]。动名词和不定式都可以
作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式
表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实， 应用动名词形式，所以[D]正确。
常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：
Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance D. being a chance 介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合 结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。
wrong。如：
Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
2、非谓语动词作宾语 （1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分
A. is B. been C. be D. being
[D]
2. Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03, 58）
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
[B]
3. There _____ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.
因、时间、方式、伴随、让步、结果等。 不定式常在句中作目的状语，而分词一般 不具备这种功能；分词能表示时间或伴随 情况，不定式却不能这样用。如：
He came to see me.
Singing a song, they came into the classroom.
(2) 当分词有了自己的逻辑主语，便构成了 分词的独立结构，在句中作状语，表示时 间、伴随、原因和条件等。分词独立主格 结构只是句子的一个部分。如：
句是错误的。可以这样改：Hearing the terrible news, she burst into tears. 一听到这个可怕的消息， 她就哭了起来。
（4）非谓语动词作主语和状语时，若要使 用其否定形式，则需要将否定词放在整个 非谓语动词结构之前。
真题举例
1. _____, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(98, 45）
[C]
2. _____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 )
A. To be not tall
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
[D]
(5)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末 尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语 气。
(2) 不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式 主语，但在含有no，-less等否定词的句子里， 常用动名词作主语。如：
It is useless talking with her.
It is no good discussing with her.
(3) 如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者 应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同 为动名词。如：
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
C. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词， 如：love, like, hate, begin, start, etc. 这时，二 者的差别不大，主要在于：不定式一般表 示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一 般或抽象的多次动作。如：
I like getting up early. 我喜欢早起。（一种 生活习惯）
(00, 55) A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be [C]
(3) 主语应与分词保持一致。 主语应与分词保持一致，避免悬垂分词的出现。
也就是要避免既不带自己的主语，又不以句子主 语作自己的逻辑主语的分词短语。例如下面的句 子就是错误的：
Hearing the terrible news, her eyes filled with tears. 由于主语her eyes不能发出hearing的动作，所以本
词却不可以。
A. 有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon, acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify,
The girl's being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent
B. 有些动词后只能接不定式，如： afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, claim, determine, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, intend, long, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, request, resolve, tend, venture, volunteer, etc.
All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking.
I don‘t mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形 容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。
4. 不定式做主语补足语： 掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注
意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用 相应形式。如：
be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.
真题举例
1. The Minister of France is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04, 58） A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think [B] 2. Professor Johnson is said _____ some significant
1、非谓语动词作主语