雅思阅读真题长难句的分析(十一)
剑桥雅思阅读11原文真题解析
剑桥雅思阅读11原文真题解析雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说雅思阅读解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是小编给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读11原文解析(test2)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Raising the Mary RoseHow a sixteenth-century warship was recovered from the seabedOn 19 July 1545, English and French fleets were engaged in a sea battle off the coast of southern England in the area of water called the Solent, between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight. Among the English vessels was a warship by the name of Mary Rose. Built in Portsmouth some 35 years earlier, she had had a long and successful fighting career, and was a favourite of King Henry VIII. Accounts of what happened to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she was not hit by the French, some maintain that she was outdated, overladen and sailing too low in the water, others that she was mishandled by undisciplined crew. What is undisputed, however, is that the Mary Rose sank into the Solent that day, taking at least 500 men with her. After the battle, attempts were made to recover the ship, but these failed.The Mary Rose came to rest on the seabed, lying on her starboard (right) side at an angle of approximately 60 degrees. The hull (the body of the ship) acted as a trap for the sand and mud carried by Solent currents. As a result, the starboard sidefilled rapidly, leaving the exposed port (left) side to be eroded by marine organisms and mechanical degradation. Because of the way the ship sank, nearly all of the starboard half survived intact. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the entire site became covered with a layer of hard grey clay, which minimised further erosion.Then, on 16 June 1836, some fishermen in the Solent found that their equipment was caught on an underwater obstruction, which turned out to be the Mary Rose. Diver John Deane happened to be exploring another sunken ship nearby, and the fishermen approached him, asking him to free their gear. Deane dived down, and found the equipment caught on a timber protruding slightly from the seabed. Exploring further, he uncovered several other timbers and a bronze gun. Deane continued diving on the site intermittently until 1840, recovering several more guns, two bows, various timbers, part of a pump and various other small finds.The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity for another hundred years. But in 1965, military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called ‘Solent Ships’. While on paper this was a plan to examine a number of known wrecks in the Solent, what McKee really hoped for was to find the Mary Rose. Ordinary search techniques proved unsatisfactory, so McKee entered into collaboration with Harold E. Edgerton, professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967, Edgerton’s side-scan sonar systems revealed a large, unusually shaped object, which McKee believed was the Mary Rose.Further excavations revealed stray pieces of timber and aniron gun. But the climax to the operation came when, on 5 May 1971, part of the ship’s frame was uncovered. McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had found the wreck, but were as yet unaware that it also housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artefacts. Interest in the project grew, and in 1979, The Mary Rose Trust was formed, with Prince Charles as its President and Dr Margaret Rule its Archaeological Director. The decision whether or not to salvage the wreck was not an easy one, although an excavation in 1978 had shown that it might be possible to raise the hull. While the original aim was to raise the hull if at all feasible, the operation was not given the go-ahead until January 1982, when all the necessary information was available.An important factor in trying to salvage the Mary Rose was that the remaining hull was an open shell. This led to an important decision being taken: namely to carry out the lifting operation in three very distinct stages. The hull was attached to a lifting frame via a network of bolts and lifting wires. The problem of the hull being sucked back downwards into the mud was overcome by using 12 hydraulic jacks. These raised it a few centimetres over a period of several days, as the lifting frame rose slowly up its four legs. It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second stage. In this stage, the lifting frame was fixed to a hook attached to a crane, and the hull was lifted completely clear of the seabed and transferred underwater into the lifting cradle. This required precise positioning to locate the legs into the ‘stabbing guides’ of the lifting cradle. The lifting cradle was designed to fit the hull using archaeological surveydrawings, and was fitted with air bags to provide additional cushioning for the hull’s delicate timber framework. The third and final stage was to lift the entire structure into the air, by which time the hull was also supported from below. Finally, on 11 October 1982, millions of people around the world held their breath as the timber skeleton of the Mary Rose was lifted clear of the water, ready to be returned home to Portsmouth.Questions 1-4Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 There is some doubt about what caused the Mary Rose to sink.2 The Mary Rose was the only ship to sink in the battle of 19 July 1545.3 Most of one side of the Mary Rose lay undamaged under the sea.4 Alexander McKee knew that the wreck would contain many valuable historical objects.Questions 5-8Look at the following statements (Questions 5-8) and the list of dates below.Match each statement with the correct date, A-G.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.5 A search for the Mary Rose was launched.6 One person’s exploration of the Mary Rose site stopped.7 It was agreed that the hull of the Mary Rose should be raised.8 The site of the Mary Rose was found by chance.List of DatesA 1836 E 1971B 1840 F 1979C 1965 G 1982D 1967Questions 9-13Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.Raising the hull of the Mary Rose: Stages one and twoREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-20Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Evidence of innovative environment management practicesii An undisputed answer to a question about the moaiiii The future of the moai statuesiv A theory which supports a local beliefv The future of Easter Islandvi Two opposing views about the Rapanui peoplevii Destruction outside the inhabitants’ controlviii How the statues made a situation worseix Diminishing food resources14 Paragraph A15 Paragraph B16 Paragraph C17 Paragraph D18 Paragraph E19 Paragraph F20 Paragraph GWhat destroyed the civilisation of Easter Island?A Easter Island, or Rapu Nui as it is known locally, is home to several hundred ancient human statues ?— the moai. After this remote Pacific island was settled by the Polynesians, it remained isolated for centuries. All the energy and resources that went into the moai — some of which are ten metres tall and weigh over 7,000 kilos —came from the island itself. Yet when Dutch explorers landed in 1722, they met a Stone Age culture. The moai were carved with stone tools, then transported for many kilometres, without the use of animals or wheels, to massive stone platforms. The identity of the moai builders was in doubt until well into the twentieth century. Thor Heyerdahl, the Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer, thought the statues had been created by pre-lnca peoples from Peru. Bestselling Swiss author Erich von Daniken believed they were built by stranded extraterrestrials. Modern science —linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence — has definitively proved the moai builders were Polynesians, but not how they moved their creations. Local folklore maintains that the statues walked, while researchers have tended to assume the ancestors draggedthe statues somehow, using ropes and logs.B When the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few scrawny trees. In the 1970s and 1980s, though, researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments, which proved the island had been covered in lush palm forests for thousands of years. Only after the Polynesians arrived did those forests disappear. US scientist Jared Diamond believes that the Rapanui people — descendants of Polynesian settlers — wrecked their own environment. They had unfortunately settled on an extremely fragile island —dry, cool, and too remote to be properly fertilised by windblown volcanic ash. When the islanders cleared the forests for firewood and farming, the forests didn’t grow back. As trees became scarce and they could no longer construct wooden canoes for fishing, they ate birds. Soil erosion decreased their crop yields. Before Europeans arrived, the Rapanui had descended into civil war and cannibalism, he maintains. The collapse of their isolated civilisation, Diamond writes, is a ‘worst-case scenario for what may lie ahead of us in our own futu re’.C The moai, he thinks, accelerated the self-destruction. Diamond interprets them as power displays by rival chieftains who, trapped on a remote little island, lacked other ways of asserting their dominance. They competed by building ever bigger figures. Diamond thinks they laid the moai on wooden sledges, hauled over log rails, but that required both a lot of wood and a lot of people. To feed the people, even more land had to be cleared. When the wood was gone and civil war began, the islanders began toppling the moai. By the nineteenth century none were standing.D Archaeologists T erry Hunt of the University of Hawaii andCarl Lipo of California State University agree that Easter Island lost its lush forests and that it was an ‘ecological catastrophe’ —but they believe the islanders themselves weren’t to blame. And the moai certainly weren’t. Archaeological excavations indicate that the Rapanui went to heroic efforts to protect the resources of their wind-lashed, infertile fields. They built thousands of circular stone windbreaks and gardened inside them, and used broken volcanic rocks to keep the soil moist. In short, Hunt and Lipo argue, the prehistoric Rapanui were pioneers of sustainable farming.E Hunt and Lipo contend that moai-building was an activity that helped keep the peace between islanders. They also believe that moving the moai required few people and no wood, because they were walked upright. On that issue, Hunt and Lipo say, archaeological evidence backs up Rapanui folklore. Recent experiments indicate that as few as 18 people could, with three strong ropes and a bit of practice, easily manoeuvre a 1,000 kg moai replica a few hundred metres. The figures’ fat bellies tilted them forward, and a D-shaped base allowed handlers to roll and rock them side to side.F Moreover, Hunt and Lipo are convinced that the settlers were not wholly responsible for the loss of the island’s trees. Archaeological finds of nuts from the extinct Easter Island palm show tiny grooves, made by the teeth of Polynesian rats. The rats arrived along with the settlers, and in just a few years, Hunt and Lipo calculate, they would have overrun the island. They would have prevented the reseeding of the slow-growing palm trees and thereby doomed Rapa Nui’s forest, even withou t the settlers’ campaign of deforestation. No doubt the rats ate birds’ eggs too. Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanuicivilisation collapsed when the palm forest did. They think its population grew rapidly and then remained more or less stable until the arrival of the Europeans, who introduced deadly diseases to which islanders had no immunity. Then in the nineteenth century slave traders decimated the population, which shrivelled to 111 people by 1877.G Hunt and Lipo’s vision, therefore, is one of an island populated by peaceful and ingenious moai builders and careful stewards of the land, rather than by reckless destroyers ruining their own environment and society. ‘Rather than a case of abject failure, Rapu Nui is an unlikely story of succe ss’, they claim. Whichever is the case, there are surely some valuable lessons which the world at large can learn from the story of Rapa Nui.Questions 21-24Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.Jared Diamond’s ViewDiamond believes that the Polynesian settlers on Rapa Nui destroyed its forests, cutting down its trees for fuel and clearing land for 21 __________. Twentieth-century discoveries of pollen prove that Rapu Nui had once been covered in palm forests, which had turned into grassland by the time the Europeans arrived on the island. When the islanders were no longer able to build the 22 __________ they needed to go fishing, they began using the island’s 23 __________ as a food source, according to Diamond. Diamond also claims that the moai were built to show the power of the island’s chieftains, and that the methods of transporting the statues needed not only a great number of people, but also a great deal of 24 __________.Questions 25 and 26Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.On what points do Hunt and Lipo disagree with Diamond?A the period when the moai were createdB how the moai were transportedC the impact of the moai on Rapanui societyD how the moai were carvedE the origins of the people who made the moaiREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.NeuroaestheticsAn emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many masterpieces. The blurred imagery of Impressionist paintings seems to stimulate the brain’s amygdala, for instance. Since the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain why many people find these pieces so moving.Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from Mondrian’s geometri cal blocks of colour, to Pollock’s seemingly haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas? Sceptics believe that people claim to like such works simply because they are famous. We certainly do have an inclination to follow the crowd. When asked to make simple perceptual decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choose a definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same. It is easy toimagine that this mentality would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer.Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusetts, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings — either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephants. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly —volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.Robert Pepperell, an artist based at Cardiff University, creates ambiguous works that are neither entirely abstract nor clearly representational. In one study, Pepperell and his collaborators asked volunteers to decide how ‘powerful’ they considered an artwork to be, and whether they saw anything familiar in the piece. The longer they took to answer these questions, the more highly they rated the piece under scrutiny, and the greater their neural activity. It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.And what about artists such as Mondrian, whose paintings consist exclusively of horizontal and vertical lines encasing blocks of colour? Mondrian’s works are deceptively simple, but eye-tracking studies confirm that they are meticulously composed, and that simply rotating a piece radically changes the way weview it. With the originals, volunteers’ eyes tended to stay longer on certain places in the image, but with the altered versions they would flit across a piece more rapidly. As a result, the volunteers considered the altered versions less pleasurable when they later rated the work.In a similar study, Oshin Vartanian of Toronto University asked volunteers to compare original paintings with ones which he had altered by moving objects around within the frame. He found that almost everyone preferred the original, whether it was a Van Gogh still life or an abstract by Miro. Vartanian also found that changing the composition of the paintings reduced activation in those brain areas linked with meaning and interpretation.In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool analysed the visual intricacy of different pieces of art, and her results suggest that many artists use a key level of detail to please the brain. Too little and the work is boring, but too much results in a kind of ‘perceptual overload’; according to Forsythe. What’s more, appealing pieces both abstract and representational, show signs of ‘fractals’ —repeated motifs recurring in different scales. Fractals are common throughout nature, for example in the shapes of mountain peaks or the branches of trees. It is possible that our visual system, which evolved in the great outdoors, finds it easier to process such patterns.It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process movement when we see a handwritten letter, as if we are replaying the writer’s moment of creation. This has led some to won der whether Pollock’s works feel so dynamic because the brain reconstructs the energetic actions the artist used as hepainted. This may be down to our brain’s ‘mirror neurons’, which are known to mimic others’ actions. The hypothesis will need to be thoroughly tested, however. It might even be the case that we could use neuroaesthetic studies to understand the longevity of some pieces of artwork. While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular, works that are best adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of previous generations have been forgotten.It’s still early days for the field of neuroaesthetics — and these studies are probably only a taste of what is to come. It would, however, be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of scientific laws. We shouldn’t underestimate the importance of the style of a particular artist, their place in history and the artistic environment of their time. Abstract art offers both a challenge and the freedom to play with different interpretations. In some ways, it’s not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 In the second paragraph, the writer refers to a shape-matching test in order to illustrateA the subjective nature of art appreciation.B the reliance of modern art on abstract forms.C our tendency to be influenced by the opinions of others.D a common problem encountered when processing visual data.28 Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that peopleA mostly favour works of art which they know well.B hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.C are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.D have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.29 Results of studies involving Robert Pepperell’s pieces suggest that peopleA can appreciate a painting without fully understanding it.B find it satisfying to work out what a painting represents.C vary widely in the time they spend looking at paintings.D generally prefer representational art to abstract art.30 What do the experiments described in the fifth paragraph suggest about the paintings of Mondrian?A They are more carefully put together than they appear.B They can be interpreted in a number of different ways.C They challenge our assumptions about shape and colour.D They are easier to appreciate than many other abstract works.Questions 31-33Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.Write the correct letters, A-H, in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.Art and the BrainThe discipline of neuroaesthetics aims to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art. Neurological studies of the brain, for example, demonstrate the impact which Impressionist paintings have on our 31 __________. Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool believes many artists give their works the precise degree of 32 __________ which most appeals to the viewer’s brain. She also observes that pleasing works of artoften contain certain repeated 33 __________ which occur frequently in the natural world.A interpretationB complexityC emotionsD movementsE skillF layoutG concern H imagesQuestions 34-39Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this34 Forsythe’s findings contradicted previous beliefs on the function of ‘fractals’ in art.35 Certain ideas regarding the link between ‘mirror neurons’ and art appr eciation require further verification.36 People’s taste in paintings depends entirely on the current artistic trends of the period.37 Scientists should seek to define the precise rules which govern people’s reactions to works of art.38 Art appreciation should always involve taking into consideration the cultural context in which an artist worked.39 It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in that of art.Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40 What would be the most appropriate subtitle for the article?A Some scientific insights into how the brain responds toabstract artB Recent studies focusing on the neural activity of abstract artistsC A comparison of the neurological bases of abstract and representational artD How brain research has altered public opinion about abstract art剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test2)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：打捞玛丽玫瑰号船记一艘16世纪的战舰是如何从海底被打捞的索伦特水域地处英国南部海岸，位于朴茨茅斯和怀特岛之间，1545年7月19日，英国与法国舰队在这里展开了一场海战。
雅思课堂阅读分析总结(长难句)
Reading 1:A remarkable Beetle1.easier to control than buffalo flies【not given】-原文（第二段）：Ausrealia’s native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers,specializing in couase marsupial droppings(粪便) and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and bufflo flies breed.[澳洲本土的蜣螂生活在灌木丛和林地里，特别喜欢吃有袋动物的粪便，不吃灌木蝇和水牛蝇繁殖的软牛粪。
]-分析：原文并没有提到灌木蝇和水牛蝇控制的难易之分，因此答案为not given。
2.of dung beetle were initiallybrought to Australia by the CSIRO(由CSIRO带到澳大利亚,brought to A by B 由B带到A).【no】-原文(根据CSIRO定位至第3段)：Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia, Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.-分析：由原文知从1968年到1982年，CSIRO从亚洲、欧洲和非洲进口了大约50种不同种类的蜣螂，目的是让它们适应澳大利亚不同的气候区。
而不是题目中的4000种蜣螂，故答案为no。
3.题目：Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen-year period.【yes】-原文：Between 1968 and 1982,the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle,from Asia, Europe and Africa,aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.-分析：1968至1982为14年，题目和原文相符合，故答案为yes。
解析雅思阅读之分析长难句答案
解析雅思阅读之分析长难句答案1.An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see theteacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.2.An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquiresa completely different meaning when placed in this setting.3.Here we have two radically different explanations for why so manyteacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.4.That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism toenvironmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.5.One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes globalwarming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to posea devastating problem.6.Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality andpersonal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.7. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that thisaggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.8.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief thatenvironmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.9.Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic,even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.10.People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throwsaway will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.11.Yet, even if America’s tras h output continues to rise as it has done in thepast, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.。
雅思阅读长难句实例分析
雅思阅读长难句实例分析一、长难句实例例句1So don't worry if you have some idea of what your results will tell you before you even begin to collect data; there are no scientists in existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in front of them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean.1. 拆分子句：并列句1：So don't worry.状语从句1：If you have some idea of something.宾语从句1：What your results will tell you.状语从句2：Before you even begin to collect data.拆分之后我们可以发现：并列句1的意思是：所以，甚至在你开始收集资料之前，如果你对数据的结果有一些想法，也不用担心。
并列句2：There are no scientists in existence.定语从句：Scientists really wait.状语从句3：Until they have all the evidence in front of them.状语从句4：Before they try to work out something.宾语从句2：What it might possibly mean.并列句2的意思是：并没有哪一个科学家是真的一直等到所有的证据都摆放在面前，才试着研究数据可能存在的含义。
2. 划分成分并列句1：So [连接词] don't worry. [谓语]连接词：IF状语从句1：You [主语] have [谓语] some idea [宾语] of something. [定语] 连接词：WHAT宾语从句1：What [宾语] your results [主语] will tell [谓语] you. [间接宾语] 连接词：BEFORE状语从句2：You [主语] even [状语] begin [谓语] to collect data. [宾语]并列句2：There [表语] are [系动词] no scientists [主语] in existence. [定语] 连接词：WHO定语从句：Scientists [主语] really [状语] wait. [谓语]连接词：UNTIL状语从句3：They [主语] have [谓语] all the evidence [宾语] in front of them. [宾语补足语]连接词：BEFORE状语从句4：They [主语] try to work out [谓语] something. [宾语]连接词：WHAT宾语从句2：What [宾语] it [主语] might possibly mean. [谓语]3. 全句翻译所以，甚至在你开始收集资料之前，如果你对数据的结果有一些想法，也不用担心;并没有哪一个科学家是真的一直等到所有的证据都摆放在面前，才试着研究数据可能存在的含义。
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。
词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂a certain 某一publish v. 出版under the title 名叫……，题为……分析：主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句）独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pagesThe first of these 逻辑主语Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语）2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。
雅思阅读长难句分析举例
雅思阅读长难句分析举例一、分析方法例题：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.难句类型：插入语译文：虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
解释：在这个雅思阅读长难句中，插入语的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, 后半个分句中的主语that slaves' preference与系动词was离得太远，造成阅读的困难。
意群训练：Although Gutman admits / that forced separation/ by sale was frequent，/he shows that the slaves‘ preference，/revealed most clearly/on plantations /where sale was infrequent，/was very much for stable monogamy.二、雅思阅读长难句11例练习巩固1. The scent she carried in her samples and onher body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”; “she carried in her samples an d on her body”为定语从句，做The scent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句，做 a message的同位语;“they were looking for”为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。
雅思长难句解析之各类并列结构
雅思长难句解析之各类并列结构例句1During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure and relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. (剑10 Test 1 Passage 1)1)结构分析层次一：主句：they were places修饰①：of gathering.....classes【介词短语做后置定语，修饰places】修饰②：during their heyday 【介词短语做状语，修饰整个主句】层次二：介短①内部：主体：of gathering, of leisure...and of worship...classes (三个of并列)of ②：of leisure and relaxation (of后两个名词并列)of ③：1)for ........classes (介词短语修饰worship)2)of all......classes (介词短语修饰villagers)结构总结：介短状语+主句+ 3个介短定语并列【嵌套介短定语】2)译文分析：红体字代表主干，括号代表修饰【在鼎盛时期】，它们是用于以下作用的场所：【集会】【休闲娱乐】【(除最低阶层以外的村民的)祭祀】3)重点词汇：heyday：鼎盛时期(at its height)gathering：聚会集会(aggregate assemble)worship：①崇拜(admire) money worship(拜金) ;②敬神/祭祀all but：除了....之外的所有;绝不;几乎差一点classes：阶级阶层(hierarchy stratification 等级/分级制度) 例句2However, some important sites in Gujarat have recently undergone major restoration, and the state government announced in June last year that it plans to restore the step wells throughout the state. (剑10 Test 1 Passage 1)1)结构分析层次一：主句：some important sites...... restoration (主句①) and the state government....... state (主句②)【and并列两句子】层次二：主句②内部：主体：the state government announced that it plans to restore the step wells(that引导的宾从, 解释announced的内容)修饰①：in June last year(介词短语,修饰announced)修饰②：throughout the state(介词短语，修饰step wells)结构总结：主句①+ and + 主句②【嵌套宾从+介短定状】2)译文分析：红体字代表主干，括号代表修饰(不过，)(古吉拉特邦的)一些重要遗址最近已经进行了大量修复, 并且，邦政府(在去年6 月)宣布：它计划将在全州范围内进行梯井修复。
完整word版雅思阅读长难句分析
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5雅思阅读长难句分析： 1And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.雅思阅读长难句分析： 2Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, andAppropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.雅思阅读长难句分析： 4There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theResearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.雅思阅读长难句分析： 5Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy isdirectly bound up with the efficiency of itsagriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.---------------------------1-5答案------------------答案：and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with theseprocesses, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined …that…, and that …。
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雅思阅读真题长难句的分析(十一)
雅思阅读真题长难句的分析(十一)的内容供大家参考！雅思长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。
今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下剑桥真题中出现过的长难句，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的技巧，攻克长难句，不再是个传说。
1. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. (剑 5 Test 4 Passage 3)
我们先来学习一些单词：
1. breed：v. 生养，饲养
2. reserve：n. 储藏
3. fledging：n. 雏鸟，刚学会飞的鸟
句子结构分析：before引导时间状语，food reserves是句子主语，must be built是句子谓语，两个并列的to do 短语，即to support and to provide表目的， when引导时间状语从句。
译文：在繁殖期开始之前，必须储备足够的食物以支持繁殖过程中的能量消耗，并且需要为还在巢中和刚长羽毛不久的小鸟提供食物。
2. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimeters deep on the ground) is more than( all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time), so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).
(剑 5 Test 4 Passage 3)
我们先来学习一些单词： simultaneous：同时期的
句子结构分析：这句话的主语The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds比较长，含有两个of短语，括号里的内容是插入语，表解释说明，系动词是is，表语是省略that的从句，so that 表结果。
译文：大量的竹子同时育种(在一些例子中，种子在地面12~15厘米深)，种子的数量超过了这一时期以种子为食的动物所能吃掉的全部数量，这样，一些种子就能存活下来，长成下一代(Evans，1976)。
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以上就是雅思阅读真题长难句的分析(十一)的内容介绍，希望能够给大家带来帮助。
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