1.英汉人体解剖学基本词汇(850词)

人体解剖学中英名词对照表

人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（＊）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。

一、总论（一）解剖学分类（Classification of Anatomy)anatomy 解剖学human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional （topographic）anatomy，topology 局部解剖学gross （macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学,巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨—微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological (morbid）anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生（或发育）histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学（二)一般解剖学术语（General Anatomical Terms）dissection,dissect (v。

) 解剖,解剖标本normality, normal （a.) 正常abnormality ，abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三)方位术语（Positional Terms）1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2。

方位术语（terms of direction)superior，upper 上inferior，lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral （dorsal) 腹(背）侧medial (lateral）内(外）侧intermediate 中间internal，interior，inner，inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep，profound 深proximal （distal）近（远）侧ulnar （radial）尺（桡）侧tibial （fibular）胫(腓）侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3。

人体解剖学中英名词对照表

人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（＊)标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。

一、总论（一）解剖学分类（Classification of Anatomy）anatomy 解剖学human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional （topographic）anatomy，topology 局部解剖学gross （macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro—microscopic anatomy 巨—微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological （morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生（或发育)histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学(二）一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect （v.) 解剖，解剖标本normality，normal (a。

）正常abnormality , abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三）方位术语（Positional Terms）1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior, upper 上inferior，lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral （dorsal）腹(背)侧medial (lateral）内（外）侧intermediate 中间internal，interior，inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep，profound 深proximal （distal）近(远）侧ulnar (radial）尺（桡）侧tibial (fibular）胫(腓)侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes）axis (pl。

人体解剖学英汉名词对照表

(三)方位术语(Positional Terms)1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior, upper 上inferior, lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral (dorsal)腹(背)侧medial (lateral)内(夕卜)侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 夕卜superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal (distal)近(远)侧ulnar (radial)尺(梯)侧tibial (fibular)胫(腓)侧palmar掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.)车由vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis 垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴sagittal axis矢状车由plane (平)面horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面(3)附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(T,夕卜侧)缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle 上(T,夕卜侧) 角glenoid cavity 关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(夕卜科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节幡sulcus (groove)for radial n. 梯神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，梯)窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上醍sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 梯骨head (neck) of radius 梯骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 梯骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* ulna尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(梯)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone 钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨Action动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.)旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.)旋后circumduction 环转运动(3)附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连coracoacromial lig.喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig.喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱梯关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 梯腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints 掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节pelvic girdle下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone 慨骨acetabulum 髓臼acetabular fossa (notch)慨臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen 闭孑L* Ilium骼骨body (ala) of ilium 骼骨体(翼)arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 骼幡Tubercle骼结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 骼前上(下) 棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 骼后上(下)棘Iliac fossa骼窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 骼粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 骼耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间幡linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface 胭面medial (lateral) condyle 内(夕卜)侧醍adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 醍间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内夕卜上醍patella 骸骨* tibia胫骨intercondylar eminence 醍间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外醍Fibula,perone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跄骨talus距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孑LU Sacroiliac joints 瓠骼关节Sacrotuberous lig.瓠结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大 (小)孑匕Pelvis骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint髓关节Transverse acetabular lig.髓臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 月黍横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig.后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig.腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 骸韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints 跄骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跄横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跄跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跄跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(夕卜)侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓(4)下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip 髓肌iliopsoas m.骼腰肌iliac m.骼肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia 阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m. 闭孑L内肌external obturator m.闭孔夕卜肌quadrate m. of thigh 股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m.缝匠肌quadriceps m. If thigh 股四头肌pectineal m.耻骨肌slender m. gracile m 股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh 股二头肌semiterninous m.半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m. 胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits 趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe 拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel 跟腱long flexor m. of toe 趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe 拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia 阔筋膜iliotibial tract 骼筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus 收肌腱裂孑L adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna 肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 骼耻弓vascular lacuna 血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath)股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring) 股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa 隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal 踝管。

常用解剖学英文词汇

常用解剖学英语词汇1绪论、骨及骨连结总论、躯干骨[]骨['mæ] 骨髓['ɔəm] 骨膜[kəm'pæ]骨密质['ʌʒɪ] 骨松质长骨椎骨['vəəl] ['ən] 椎孔['æəs] 寰椎['səəl] 颈椎['æ] 枢椎['lʌə] 腰椎[θɔ:'ræ] 胸椎['kɔ] 尾骨['əəm] 胸骨['əm] 骶骨[] 肋[ɑ'ʃən] 关节2躯干骨连结、上肢骨及其连结['kɑləm] 脊柱[kə'næl] 椎管胸廓['əmə] 韧带['æ] 锁骨['æə] 肩胛骨['ərəs] 肱骨['ʌə] 尺骨['əs] 桡骨['kɑəl] 腕骨[ə'kɑ] 掌骨['fælæʒ] 指骨肩关节肘关节腕关节3下肢骨及其连结[]髋骨['əm] 髂骨['əm] 坐骨['] 耻骨['ə] 股骨['ə] 胫骨['ə]腓骨['tɑ] 跗骨[ɑʃ] 足弓髋关节膝关节踝关节4颅骨及其连结[ʌl] 颅['ʌ] 额骨[pə'] 顶骨['ɔ] 蝶骨['ərəl] 颞骨[eθ'mɔ] 筛骨[mæk'ə] 上颌骨['mæ] 下颌骨['ɔ] 眶['əs] 额窦['ɔ] 蝶窦[mæk'ə] 上颌窦[ɔə'] 囟['ʃə] 缝['pɔfə] ：['fɔsə] 垂体窝['ən] ['mæəm] [ɔk'] 枕骨大孔5肌总论、头颈肌躯干肌['mʌ] 肌肉['ən] 腱[ə'əs] 斜方肌['ərə] 胸大肌['əəə'mæɔ] 胸锁乳突肌['əæm] 膈['iŋəl] ：['əmə] 腹股沟韧带：[əb'] ['tə] [æb'dɔəl]腹外斜肌['ə] 白线6上、下肢肌['] [']肱二头肌['] 肱三头肌['ə] ：[tə'ə] 旋前圆肌['ɔ]三角肌[:':əs] ：['mæəs] 臀大肌['ɔ] ['ə] 股四头肌[pə'ə] 髌韧带7内脏学总论消化系统（一）：口腔—食管['dʒ] 消化系统['kæ] 口腔牙舌['sæə][æ] 唾液腺['fæŋ]咽[i:'sɔfəgəs] 食管8消化系统（二）：胃—消化腺胃[:ə'əm] 十二指肠['] 小肠[dʒi'dʒəm] 空肠['əm] 回肠大肠['əm] 盲肠['vəɔ] [ə'] 阑尾['ɔ] ['kəən]乙状结肠结肠['əm]直肠肝['pæ]肝管['gɔædə] 胆囊[] 胆总管胆汁['pæŋəs] 胰。

解剖学英文单词(大纲顺序)

系统解剖学英语单词bone [b☯un] 骨bone marrow [b☯un' m✌r☯u] 骨髓periosteum [peri' sti☯m] 骨膜compact bone [k☯m'p✌kt b☯un] 骨密质spongy bone ['sp✈nd✞i b☯un] 骨松质long bone [l✈☠b☯un] 长骨vertebrae ['v☯:tibri] 椎骨vertebral foramen ['v☯:tibr☯l f 'reimen] 椎孔atlas ['✌tl☯s] 寰椎cervical vertebrae ['s☯:vik☯l 'v☯:tibri] 颈椎axis ['✌ksis] 枢椎lumbar vertebrae ['l✈mb☯'v☯:tibri] 腰椎thoracic vertebrae [θ :'r✌sik 'v☯:tibri] 胸椎coccyx ['k ksiks] 尾骨sternum ['st☯:n☯m] 胸骨sacrum ['s✌kr☯m] 骶骨ribs [ribs] 肋a rtic atio [a tikju'lei☞☯n] 关节vertebral column ['v☯:tibr☯l 'k l☯m] 脊柱vertebral canal ['v☯:tibr☯l k☯n✌l] 椎管thoracic cage [θ :'r✌sik keid✞] 胸廓ligament ['lig☯m☯nt] 韧带clavicle ['kl✌vikl] 锁骨scapula ['sk✌pjul☯] 肩胛骨humerus ['hju:m☯r☯s] 肱骨ulna ['✈ln☯] 尺骨radius ['reidj☯s] 桡骨carpal bones ['ka:pl b☯uns] 腕骨metacarpal bones [ met☯:'ka:pl b☯uns] 掌骨phalanges of fingers [f✌'l✌ nd✞i:z v 'fiŋg☯s] 指骨shoulder joint ['☞ould☯'d✞int] 肩关节elbow joint ['elb☯u 'd✞int] 肘关节wrist joint [rist 'd✞int] 腕关节hip bone [hip b☯un] 髋骨ilium ['ili☯m] 髂骨ischium ['iski☯m] 坐骨pubis ['pju:bis] 耻骨femur ['fi:m☯] 股骨tibia ['tibi☯] 胫骨fibula ['fibjul☯] 腓骨tarsal bones ['ta:s☯l b☯uns] 跗骨arches of foot [a:t☞iz v fut] 足弓hip joint [hip 'd✞int] 髋关节knee joint [ni: 'd✞int] 膝关节ankle joint ['✌☠kl 'd✞int] 踝关节skull [sk✈l] 颅frontal bone ['fr ntl b☯un] 额骨parietal bone [p☯'raiitl b☯un] 顶骨occipital bone [ k'sipit☯l b☯un] 枕骨sphenoid bone ['sfi:n id b☯un] 蝶骨temporal bone ['temp☯r☯l b☯un] 颞骨ethmoid bo e ['eθm id b☯un] 筛骨maxilla [m✌k'sil☯] 上颌骨mandible ['m✌ndibl] 下颌骨orbit [' :bit] 眶frontal sinus ['fr ntl sain☯s] 额窦sphenoidal sinus ['sfi:n idl sain☯s] 蝶窦maxillary sinus [m✌k'sil☯ri sain☯s] 上颌窦 o ta e e [ f nt☯'nel] 囟suture ['sju:t☞☯] 缝hypophysial fossa [haip☯u'fizi☯l 'f s☯] 垂体窝foramen magnum of the occipital bone [f☯'reimen 'm✌gn☯m v k'sipitl] 枕骨大孔muscle ['m✈sl] 肌tendon ['tend☯n] 腱trapezius [tr☯'pi:zj☯s] 斜方肌linea alba ['lini☯'✌lb☯] 白线pectoralis major [pekt☯'reilis 'meid✞☯] 胸大肌sternocleidomastoid [ st☯:n☯klaid☯'m✌st id] 胸锁乳突肌diaphragm ['dai☯fr✌m] 膈inguinal ligament ['i☠gwinl 'lig☯m☯nt] 腹股沟韧带obliquus externus abdominis [ 'blikw☯s eks't☯:n☯s ✌b'd minis] 腹外斜肌biceps brachii ['baiseps 'breikii] 肱二头肌triceps brachii ['traiseps 'breikii] 肱三头肌pronator teres [pr☯u'neit☯'ti☯riz] 旋前园肌deltoid ['delt id] 三角肌gluteus maximus [glu:'ti☯s 'm✌ksim☯s] 臀大肌quadriceps femoris ['kw driseps 'fim☯ris] 股四头肌patella ligament [p☯'tel☯'lig☯m☯nt] 髌韧带digestive system [di'd✞estiv sistim] 消化系统oral cavity [' :r☯l kæviti ] 口腔teeth [ti θ]牙tongue [t✈ŋ]舌salivary glands ['s✌liv☯ri gl✌nds] 唾液腺pharynx ['f✌riŋks]咽esophagus [i 's f☯g☯s] 食管stomach ['st✈m☯k] 胃duodenum [ dju:☯'di:n☯m ] 十二指肠small intestine [sm :l in'testin] 小肠jejunum [d✞i' d✞u:n☯m] 空肠ileum ['ili☯m] 回肠large intestine [la:d✞in'testin] 大肠cecum ['si:k☯m]盲肠vermiform appendix ['v☯:mif :m ☯'pendiks] 阑尾sigmoid colon ['sigm id 'k☯ul☯n] 乙状结肠colon ['k☯ul☯n] 结肠rectum ['rekt☯m] 直肠liver ['liv☯] 肝hepatic duct [h☯'p✌tik d✈kt] 肝管gallbladder ['g :lbl✌d☯] 胆囊common bile duct ['k m☯n bail d✈kt] 胆总管pancreas ['p✌ŋ kri☯s] 胰respiratory organs [ris'pair☯t☯ri ' :g☯ns] 呼吸器nose [n☯uz] 鼻paranasal sinuses [p✌r☯'neiz☯l 'sain☯siz] 鼻旁窦larynx ['l✌riŋks] 喉trachea [tr☯'ki:☯]气管bronchus ['br ☠k☯s] 支气管lung [l✈☠] 肺hilum of lung ['hail☯m v l✈☠] 肺门pleua ['plu☯r☯] 胸膜nasal cavity ['neiz☯l 'k✌viti] 鼻腔mediastinum ['mi:di✌s'tain☜m] 纵隔plearal recess ['plu☜r☜l ri'ses] 胸膜隐窝kidney ['kidni] 肾renal calices ['ri:n☜l 'k✌lisi:z] 肾盏renal pelvis ['ri:n☜l 'pelvis] 肾盂ureter [ju☯'ri:t☯] 输尿管urinary bladder ['ju☯rin☯ri 'bl✌d☯] 膀胱urethra [ju☯'ri: r☯] 尿道testicle ['testikl] 睾丸epididymis [epi'didimis] 附睾ductus deferens ['d✈kt☯s 'def☯r☯nz] 输精管spermatic cord [sp☯'m✌tik k :d] 精索seminal vesicle ['seminl vesikl] 精囊腺prostate ['pr steit] 前列腺penis ['pi:nis] 阴茎scrotum ['skr☯ut☯m] 阴囊ovary ['☯uv☯ri] 卵巢uterine tube ['ju:t☯rain tju:b] 输卵管uterus ['ju:t☯r☯s] 子宫vagina [v☯'d✞ain☯] 阴道mamma ['m✌m☯] 乳房peritoneum [ perit☯'ni☯m] 腹膜omental bursa [☯u'ment☯l 'b☯:s☯] 网膜囊rectouterine pouch [¸rekt☯u'ju:t☯rain paut☞] 直肠子宫陷凹mesentery ['mes☯nt☯ri] 肠系膜omental foramen [☯u'ment☯l f 'reim☯n] 网膜孔peritoneal cavity [¸perit☯u 'ni☯l 'kæviti] 腹膜腔greater omentum ['greit☯☯u'ment☯m] 大网膜lesser omentum ['les☯☯u'ment☯m] 小网膜cardiac apex ['ka:diæk 'eipeks] 心尖auricle of heart [' rikl v ha:t] 心耳interatrial septum [¸int☯'eitri☯l 'sept☯m] 房间隔cardiac atrium ['ka:diæk 'ei tri☯m] 心房cardiac ventricle ['ka:diæk 'ventrikl] 心室atrioventricular oriface [¸eitri☜uven'trikjul☯' rifis] 房室口tricuspid valve [trai'k✈spid 'v✌lv] 三尖瓣mitral valve ['maitr☜l 'v✌lv] 二尖瓣papillary muscle [p☜'pil☜ri m✈sl] 乳头肌coronary artery ['k r☜n☜ri 'a:t☜ri] 冠状动脉circumflex branch [¸s☜:k☜m'fleks bra:nt☞] 旋支interventricular branch [¸int☜ven'trikjul☜bra:nt☞] 室间支coronary sinus ['k r☜n☜ri 'sain☜s] 冠状窦sinuatrial node [¸sinju'ætri☜l noud] 窦房结atrioventricular node [¸eitri☜uven'trikjul☜noud] 房室结atrioventricular bundle [¸eitri☜uven'trikjul☜b✈ndl] 房室束pericardium [peri'ka:dj☜m] 心包aorta [ei' :t☜] 主动脉pulmonary artery ['p✈lm☜n☜ri 'a:t☜ri] 肺动脉ascending aorta [☜'se diŋ ei' :t☜] 升主动脉brachiocephalic trunk [bræki☜use'fælik tr✈ŋk] 头臂干common carotid artery ['k m☜n k☜´r tid 'a:t☜ri] 颈总动脉facial artery ['fei☞i☜l 'a:t☜ri] 面动脉middle meningeal artery [midl minindzi☜l 'a:t☜ri] 脑膜中动脉subclavian artery [s✈b'kleivi☜n 'a:t☜ri] 锁骨下动脉intercostal artery [int☜k☜ust☜l 'a:t☜ri] 肋间动脉celiac trunk ['si:li✌k tr✈nk] 腹腔干cystic artery ['sistik 'a:t☜ri] 胆囊动脉gastroepiploic artery [g✌str☜uepi'pl ik 'a:t☜ri] 胃网膜动脉testicular artery [testi'kjul☜'a:t☜ri]睾丸动脉ovarian artery [☜uv'☪☜ri☜n 'a:t☜ri] 卵巢动脉appendicular artery [✌p☜n'dikjul☜'a:t☜ri] 阑尾动脉femoral artery ['fem☜r☜l 'a:t☜ri] 股动脉superior vena cava [sju'pi☜ri☜'vi:n☜'keiv☜] 上腔静脉cephalic vein [se'f✌lik vein] 头静脉basilic vein ['b☜silik vein] 贵要静脉great saphenous vein [greit 's✌fin☜s vein] 大隐静脉hepatic portal vein [hi'p✌tik p :t☜l vein] 肝门静脉azygos vein ['✌zig☜s vein] 奇静脉lymphatic vessel [lim'f✌tik 'ves☜l] 淋巴管lymph nodes [limf nouds] 淋巴结inguinal lymph nodes ['i☠winl limf nouds] 腹股沟淋巴结thoracic duct [ 'r✌sik d✈kt] 胸导管thyroid gland [' air id 'gl✌nd] 甲状腺parathyroid gland [p✌r☜air id gl✌nd] 甲状旁腺suprarenal gland [sju:pr☜ri:nl gl✌nd] 肾上腺hypophysis [hai'p fisis] 脑垂体pineal body ['paini☜l 'b di] 松果体visual organ ['vizjuel :g☜n] 视器sclera ['skli☜r☜] 巩膜cornea [k ;ni☜] 角膜choroid ['k :r id] 脉络膜iris ['ai☜ris] 虹膜ciliary body ['sili☜ri b di] 睫状体pupil [pju:pil] 瞳孔retina ['retin☜] 视网膜lens [lens] 晶状体optic disc [' ptik dik] 视神经盘eyelids ['ailid] 眼睑lacrimal gland ['l✌krim☜l gl✌nd] 泪腺external acoustic meatus [iks't☜:n☜l ☜'ku:stik mi:t☜s] 外耳道tympanic membrane [tim'p✌nik membrein] 鼓膜tympanic cavity [tim'p✌nik k✌viti] 鼓室auditory ossicles [' :dit☜ri ' siklz] 听小骨auditory tube [' :dit☜ri tju:b] 咽鼓管labyrinth ['l✌bri☜n ] 迷路semicircular ducts [semi's☜:kjul d✈kt] 半规管cochlea ['k kli☜] 耳蜗vestibule ['vestibju:l] 前庭nerve system [n☜:v 'sistim] 神经系统glial cell ['glai☯l] 胶质细胞gray matter [grei 'mæt☯] 灰质cortex ['k :teks] 皮质nucleus [njukli☯s] 神经核ganglion ['gæŋg i☯n] 神经节white matter [wait 'mæt☯] 白质medulla [me'd✈l☯] 髓质synapse ['sinæps] 突触spinal cord ['spainl k :d] 脊髓conus medullaris [med'✈l☯ris] 脊髓圆锥cauda equina 马尾cervical enlargement 颈膨大lumbosacral enlargement 腰骶膨大filum terminale [fail☯m t☯:mineil] 终丝spinal nerves ['spainl n☜:vs] 脊神经cervical plexus ['s☜:vik☜l pleks☜s] 颈丛brachial plexus ['breikj☜l pleks☜s] 臂丛median nerve ['mi:dj☜n n☜:v] 正中神经ulner nerve ['✈ln☜n☜:v] 尺神经intercostal nerve [int☜'k stl n☜:v] 肋间神经femoral nerve ['fem☜r☜l n☜:v] 股神经sciatic nerve [sai: ætic n☜:v] 坐骨神经common peroneal nerve ['k m☜n per☜uni☜l n☜:v] 腓总神经tibial nerve [tibi☜l n☜:v] 胫神经central canal ['sentr☜l k☜n✌l] 中央管substantia gelationsa [s☜b'st✌n☞ie d✞el☜'n☜us☜ ] 胶状质anterior white commissure [✌n'li☜ri☜wait 'k misju☜] 白质前连合fasciculus gracilis [f☜'sikjul☜s 'gr✌sailiz] 薄束fasciculus cuneatu [f☜'sikjul☜s 'kju:ni:t] 楔束spinothalamic tract [pin☜n' ☜l✌mik tr✌kt] 脊髓丘脑束corticospinal tract [ k :tik☜u'spainl tr✌kt] 皮质脊髓束posterior horn [p s'ti☜ri☜h :n] 后角nucleus proprius ['nju:klis pr☜'pri☜s] 后角固有核brain [brein] 脑brain stem [brein stem] 脑干medulla oblongata [med✈l☯ bl ☠'geit☯] 延髓pons [p nz] 脑桥midbrain [mid'brein] 中脑pyramidal decussation [pi'r✌mid☜●dek✈'sei☞☯n] 锥体交叉rhomboid fossa ['r mb id 'f s☜] 菱形窝fourth ventricle ['f 'ventrikl]第四脑室cerebral peduncle ['seribr☜l pi'd✈☠kl] 大脑脚cranial nerve ['kreini☜l n☜:v] 脑神经olfactory nerve [ l'f✌kt☜ri n☜:v] 嗅神经optic nerve [' ptik n☯:v] 视神经oculomotor nerve [ kjul☜u'm☜ut☯n☜:v] 动眼神经trochlear nerve ['tr kli☜n☯:v] 滑车神经abducent nerve [✌b'dju:snt n☜:v] 展神经vestibulocochlear nerve [vestibju:l☜k' kli☜n☜:v] 前庭蜗神经accesory nerve [✌k'ses☜ri n☜:v] 副神经hypoglossal nerve [ haip☜u'gl sl n☜:v] 舌下神经trigeminal nerve[trai'd✞eminl n☜:v]三叉神经facial nerve ['fei☞☜l n☜:v] 面神经trigeminal ganglion [trai'd✞emin☜l 'g✌☠gli☜n] 三叉神经节glossorpharyngeal nerve ['gl s☜u f✌rin'd✞i:☜●n☜:v] 舌咽神经vagus nerve ['veig☜s n☜:v] 迷走神经recurrent laryngeal nerve [ri'k✈r☜nt l✌rin'd✞i☜l n☜:v] 喉返神经superior laryngeal nerve [sju: 'pi☜ri☜l✌rin'd✞i☜l n☜:v] 喉上神经chorda tympani ['k :d☜'timp☜ni] 鼓索pterygopalatine ganglion ['pterig☜'p✌l☜tain 'g✌☠gli☜n] 翼腭神经节substantia nigra [s☜b'st✌n☞☜'naigr☜] 黑质red nucleus [red 'nju:kli☜s] 红核mesencephalic aqueduct [mesen'sef☜lik '✌kw☜d✈kt] 中脑水管cuneate nucleus ['kju:ni:t 'nju:kli☜s] 楔束核gracile nucleus ['gr✌sail 'nju:kli☜s]薄束核lateral lemniscus ['l✌t☜r☜l lem'nisk☜s] 外侧丘系inferior olivary nucleus [in'fi☜ri☜' liv☜ri 'nju:kli☜s] 下橄榄核nucleus of solitary tract ['nju:kli☜s ☜'s lit☜ri tr✌kt] 孤束核medial lemniscus ['mi:dj☜l lem'nisk☜s] 内侧丘系reticular formation [ri'tikjul☜f :'mei☞☜n] 网状结构sympathetic trunk [simp☯'θetik tr✈ŋk]交感干greater splanchnic nerve ['greit☯'spl✌ŋk ik ☯:v] 内脏大神经celiac plexus ['si:liæk 'pleks☯s] 腹腔丛cardiac plexus ['ka:diæk 'pleks☯s]心丛preganglionic neuron [' ri gæ☠gli' nik 'nju☯r n] 节前神经元postganglionic neuron [ p☯ustg✌gli' nik 'nju☯r n] 节后神经元cerebellum [seri'bel☯m] 小脑diencephalon [ daien'sef☯l n] 间脑third ventricle [ ☯:d 'ventrikl] 第三脑室pineal body ['pini☯l 'b di] 松果体neurohypophysis [nju☯r☯uhai'p fisis] 神经垂体hypothalamus [haip' ✌l☯m☯s] 下后脑dorsal thalamus ['d :s☯l ' ✌l☯m☯s] 背侧丘脑medial geniculate body ['mi:di☯l ʤi'nikjulit 'b di] 内侧膝状体Lateral geniculate body ['l✌t☯r☯l ʤi'nikjulit 'b di] 外侧膝状体telencephalon [ telen'sef☯l n] 端脑cerebral cortex ['seribr☯l 'k :teks] 大脑皮质central sulcus ['sentr☯l 's✈lk☯s] 中央沟precentral gyrus [pri:'sentr☯l ' d✞ai☯r☯s] 中央前回corpus callosum ['k :p☯s 'kæl☯us☯m] 胼胝体caudate nucleus ['k :deit 'nju:kli☯s] 尾状核corpus striatum ['k :p☯s 'straieit☯m] 纹状体internal capsule [in't☯:nl 'k✌psju: l] 内囊lateral ventricle ['l✌t☯r☯l 'ventrik☯l] 侧脑室neural pathway ['nju☯r☯l 'pa: wei] 神经通路pyramidal system [pi'r✌mid☯l 'sist☯m] 锥体系extrapyramidal system [ekstr☯pi'r✌mid☯l 'sist☯m] 锥体外系cerebral dura mater [' seribr☯l 'dju☯r☯l 'meit☯] 硬脑膜arachnoid mater [☯'r✌kn id 'meit☯] 蛛网膜pia mater ['pai☯'meit☯] 软膜subarachnoid space [ s✈b☯'r✌kn id speis] 蛛网膜下隙choroid plexus ['k :r id 'pleks☯s] 脉络丛cerebros i a id[ seribr☯u'spainl 'flu:id]脑脊液sinuses of dura mater [' sain☯siz ☯v 'dju☯r☯l 'meit☯] 硬脑膜窦superior sagital sinus [sju:'pi☯ri☯'s✌d✞itl 'sain☯s] 上矢状窦inferior sagital sinus [in'fi☯ri☯'s✌d✞itl 'sain☯s] 下矢状窦carvenous sinus ['ka:v☯n☯s 'sain☯s] 海绵窦cerebral falx ['seribr☯l f✌lks] 大脑镰tentorium of cerebellum ['tent☯ri☯m ☯v seri'bel☯m] 小脑幕interventricular foramen [ int☯'ventrikjul☯f☯'reimen] 室间孔confluence of sinuses ['k nflu☯ns ☯v 'sain☯siz] 窦汇sternal angle 胸骨角internal thoracic artery 胸廓内动脉xiphoid process 剑突clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜pectoralis major 胸大肌parasternal lymph nodes 胸骨旁淋巴结serratus anterior 前锯肌endothoracic fascia 胸内筋膜intercostal space 肋间隙axillary sheath 腋鞘axillary fossa 腋窝trilateral foramen 三边孔axillary artery 腋动脉quadrilateral foramen 四边孔brachial plexus 臂丛lateral thoracic artery 胸外侧动脉radial nerve 桡神经posterior humeral circumflex artery 旋肱后动脉cubital fossa 肘窝median nerve 正中神经cephalic vein 头静脉musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经brachial artery 肱动脉deep cubital lymph nodes 肘深淋巴结radial artery 桡动脉median cubital vein 肘正中静脉ulnar nerve 尺神经midpalmar space 掌中间隙carpal canal 腕管thenar space 鱼际间隙palmar aponeurosis 掌腱膜pulp space 指髓间隙flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持带tendinous sheaths of finger 指腱鞘superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管pterion 翼点angle of mandible 下颌角galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜temporal fascia 颞筋膜supraorbital nerve 眶上神经infraorbital nerve 眶下神经mental nerve 颏神经parotid gland 腮腺superficial temporal artery 颞浅动脉submandibular lymph nodes 下颌下淋巴结laryngeal prominence 喉结cervical fascia 颈筋膜external jugular vein 颈外静脉carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘external carotid artery 颈外动脉anterior cervical triangle 颈前三角carotid triangle 颈动脉三角superior thyroid artery 甲状腺上动脉occipital triangle 枕三角ansa cervicalis 颈袢cervical sympathetic trunk 颈交感干cupula of pleura 胸膜顶vertebral artery 椎动脉superior cervical ganglion 颈上神经节phrenic nerve 膈神经retropharyngeal lymph nodes 咽后淋巴结greater supraclavicular fossa 锁骨上大窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵膈隐窝thoracic cavity 胸腔posterior intercostal arteries 肋间后动脉intercostal lymph nodes 肋间淋巴结pleural cavity 胸膜腔visceral pleura 脏胸膜costal pleura 肋胸膜parietal pleura 壁胸膜pulmonary ligament 肺韧带superior mediastinum 上纵隔thymus 胸腺aortic isthmus 主动脉峡triangle of ductus arteriosus 动脉导管三角middle mediastinum 中纵隔arterial ligament 动脉韧带pericardial cavity 心包腔transverse sinus of pericardium 心包横窦oblique sinus of pericardium 心包斜窦arcuate line 弓状线superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环deep inguinal ring 腹股沟深环transverse fascia 腹横筋膜conjoined tendon 联合腱sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘inguinal canal 腹股沟管inguinal triangle (Hesselbach三角) 腹股沟三角lacunar ligament 腔隙(隐窝)韧带inferior epigastric artery 腹壁下动脉iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹下神经ilioinguinal nerve 髂腹股沟神经gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带hepatoduodenal ligament 肝十二指肠韧带lienorenal ligament 脾肾韧带suspensory ligament of duodenum 十二指肠悬韧带bare area of liver 肝裸区short gastric artery 胃短动脉hepatic pedicle 肝蒂duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲spleen 脾lienal artery 脾动脉cystic duct 胆囊管hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹transverse colon 横结构superior mesenteric vein 肠系膜上静脉sigmoid arteries 乙状结肠动脉appendicular artery 阑尾动脉jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠radix of mesentery 肠系膜根retroperitoneal space 腹膜后隙renal pedicle 肾蒂renal fascia 肾筋膜adipose capsule 脂肪囊abdominal aorta 腹主动脉testicular vein 睾丸静脉lumbocostal triangle 腰肋三角esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔thoracolumbar fascia胸腰筋膜superior lumbar triangle 腰上三角capsule of prostate 前列腺囊uterine artery 子宫动脉retrorectal space 直肠后隙levator ani 肛提肌superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm 盆膈上筋膜retropubic space 耻骨后隙internal iliac artery 髂内动脉pelvic plexus 盆丛rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹urinary bladder 膀胱broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带sphincter ani externus肛门外括约肌pudendal canal (Alcock管)阴部管perineum 会阴superficial perineal space 会阴浅隙urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈perineal central tendon 会阴中心腱ischiorectal fossa 坐骨直肠窝lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙cribriform fascia 筛筋膜saphenous hiatus 隐静脉裂孔lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙femoral triangle 股三角femoral canal 股管adductor canal 收肌管obturator nerve 闭孔神经popliteal fossa 腘窝malleolar canal 踝管。

解剖学词汇

人体解剖学英汉名词对照一、总论1．解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy)anatomy解剖学* human anatomy, anthropotomy人类解剖学systematic anatomy系统解剖学regional (topographic) anatomy, topology局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy断面解剖学pathological (morbid) anatomy病理解剖学neuroanatomy神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy化学解剖学developmental anatomy发生(或发育)histologic anatomy组织解剖学histology组织学embryology胚胎学anthropology人类学2．一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.)解剖，解剖标本normality，normal (a.)正常abnormality , abnormal异常variation变异deformity, malformation畸形specimen标本model模型3. 方位术语(Positional Terms)anatomical position解剖学姿势(1)方位的形容词(positional adjectives)inferior, lower下superior, upper上anterior前侧posterior后侧ventral (dorsal)腹(背)侧medial (lateral)内(外)侧intermediate中间internal, interior, inner, inside内external, exterior, outer, outside外superficial浅deep, profound深proximal(distal)近(远)侧ulnar (radial)尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular)胫(腓)侧palmar掌侧plantar足底left左right右middle中median正中(2)轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.)轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis冠(额)状轴sagittal axis矢状轴plane(平)面horizontal (transverse) plane水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane冠(额)状面sagittal plane矢状面median sagittal plane正中矢状面transverse section横切面longitudinal section纵切面4.人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Humanbody)头(Head)heat头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial (a.)颅front, frontal, region额区perietal region顶区occiput, occipital region枕区Face, facial (a.)面orbit, orbital region眶区nose, nasal region鼻区mouth, oral region口区chin, mental region颌区ear, auditory region耳区颈(Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.)颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck颈前区carotid triangle颈动脉三角muscular triangle肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region颈后区,项区 nape, nucha, nuchal (a.)项root of neck颈根部躯干(Trunk)trunk, truncus躯干Median anterior line前正中线sternal line胸骨线parasternal line胸骨旁线midclavicular line锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line腋前(后) 线midaxillary line腋中线scapular line肩胛线median posterior line后正中线Back, dorsal背vertebral region脊柱区sacral region骶区scapular region肩胛下区lumbar region腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.)胸sternal region胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.)腹Hypochondriac季肋区epigastric region腹上区lateral region of abdomem腹外侧区umbilical region脐区inguinal region, iliac region,腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. )盆部Perineum,perineal (a.)会阴anal region肛区urogenital region尿生殖区四肢(Limbs)limbs, extremities四肢Upper limbs (extremities)上肢Shoulder肩axilla, axillary region腋区Free upper limb自由上肢arm,brachial (a.)臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.)肘forearm, antebrachial (a.)前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.)手wrist, carpal (a.)腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.)掌back (palm) of hand手背(掌)finger, digital (a.)手指thumb拇指index finger示指middle finger中指ring finger环指little finger小指Lower limb下肢hip, coxal (a.)髋buttock, gluteal region臀区Free lower limb自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh股前(后)区femoral triangle股三角medial region of thigh股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.)膝anterior (posterior) region of knee膝前(后)区 leg, crural (a.)小腿anterior (posterior) crural region小腿前后)区foot,pedal (a.)足dorsum of foot足背sole, planta (pl. plantae)足底toes足趾great toe足母趾人体解剖学词汇骨学osteology骨学* bone，bony骨skeleton，skletal (a.)骨骼long (short，flat) bone长(短，扁)骨irregular bone不规则骨pneumatic bone含气骨sesamoid bone籽骨，shaft，diaphysis骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance骨质compact(spongy)bone骨密(松)质trabeculae骨小梁periosteum(外)膜endosteum骨内膜medullary髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow红(黄)骨髓中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column脊柱* vertebral canal椎管intervertebral foramen椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)curvature颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae)椎骨vertebral body (arch)椎体(弓)pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch椎弓板vertebral foramen椎孔spinous process棘突transverse process横突superior (inferior) articular process上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae颈椎atlas寰椎axis枢椎prominent vertebrae隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum,sacral bone骶骨coccyx尾骨thoracic cavity胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax胸廓上下口costal arch肋弓intercostals space肋间隙infrasternal angle胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae)肋* sternum胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前(后)外侧囟cranial bones脑颅骨occipital bone枕骨large foramen of occipital bone枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆，棘)孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa颈静脉窝styloid process茎突stylomastoid foramen茎乳孔facial canal面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔) facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外侧)缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下，外侧)角glenoid cavity关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，桡)窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones腕骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triangular bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨trapezium bone大多角骨trapezoid bone小多角骨capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中，远)指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone髋骨acetabulum髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen闭孔* Ilium髂骨body (ala) of ilium髂骨体(翼)arcuate line弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂前上(下)棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨synosteology关节学，关节解剖学articulation连结，关节joint关节，连结synovial joints滑膜关节fibrous纤维连结syndesmosis韧带连结suture缝cartilaginous joints软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔) articular disk关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule关节囊fibrous layer (membrane)纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold (villi)滑膜襞synovial fluid滑液ligament (lig.)韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.)伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.)收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.)展Medial (lateral) rotation旋内(外) pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.)旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction环转运动中轴骨骼的连结(Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig.棘间韧带intertransverse lig.横突间韧带supraspinous lig.棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合interverbral discs椎间盘Fibrous rings纤维环Pulpiform nucleus髓核Anterior longitudinal前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal前后韧带Zygapophysial joint关节突关节Lumbosacral joint腰骶连结Costovertebral joints肋椎关节Joint of costal head肋头关节Costotransverse joint肋横突关节Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture人字缝Synchondroses of cranium颅结合Temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle上肢带连结coracoacromial lig.喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig.喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint肩关节Elbow joint肘关节Humeroulnar joint肱尺关节Humeroradial joint肱桡关节Joints of hand手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连结Pubic symphysis耻骨联合Interpubic disc耻骨间盘Obturator membrane闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig.骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis骨盆Terminal line界线Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle耻骨下角Pelvic cavity骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb自由下肢连结Hip joint髋关节Transverse acetabular lig.髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur股骨头韧带Knee joint膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig.前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig.后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig.腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella髌韧带Tibiofibular joint胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜Joints of foot足关节talocrural joint,ankle joint距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch内(外)侧纵弓transverse arch横弓肌学(mycology)muscle (m.)肌肉cardiac muscle心肌smooth muscle平滑肌skeletal muscle骨骼肌long (short, broad, flat) muscle长(短，阔，扁) 肌orbicular muscle轮匝肌sphincter括约肌dilator, dilatator开大肌venter (belly)肌腹tendon腱aponeurosis腱膜origin起点，固定点insertion止点，动点accessory (subservient) structure辅助结构tendinous sheath腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon滑膜腱鞘fascia筋膜superficial (deep) fascia浅(深)筋膜synovial bursa滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪)躯干肌(Muscles of Trunk)muscles of back背肌trapezius m.斜方肌broadest m. of back背阔肌erector spinal m.竖脊肌muscles of neck颈肌platysma m.颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m.前中后斜角肌scalene fissure斜角肌suprahyoid muscles舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles舌骨下肌群thoracic m.胸肌greater (lesser) pectoral m.胸大(小)肌anterior serratus m.前锯肌thoracic proper m.胸固有肌external intercostal m.肋间外肌internal intercostal m.肋间内肌external (internal) intercostalsmembrane肋间外(内)膜transverse m. of thorax胸横肌intimate intercostal m.肋间最内肌* diaphragm膈central tendon中心腱aortic hiatus主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave腔静裂孔abdominal m.腹肌abdominal rectus m., straight m. ofabdomen腹直肌sheath of rectus m.腹直肌鞘external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen腹外(内) 斜肌inguinal lig.腹股沟韧带superficial (deep) inguinal ring腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen腹横肌inguinal canal腹股沟管头肌(Muscles of Head)Facial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontal(occipital)belly额(枕)腹epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth口轮匝肌buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌上肢肌(Muscles of Upper Limb)muscles of shoulder girdle上肢带肌,肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二(三)头肌anconeus m. 肘肌round pronator m.旋前圆肌radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist桡(尺)侧腕屈肌long palmar m.掌长肌superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers指浅(深)屈肌long flexor m, of thumb拇长屈肌quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis旋前方肌brachioradial m., brachioradialis肱桡肌long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短)伸肌extensor m. of fingers指伸肌extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌ulnar extensor m. of wrist尺侧腕伸肌supinator m. 旋后肌long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb拇长展(伸)肌short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌muscles of hand 手肌short abductor (flexor ) m. of thumb 拇短展(屈)肌opposing m. of thumb拇对掌肌abductor (opposing) m. of little finger小指展(对掌)肌lumbrrical m. 蚓状肌palmar (dorsal)interosseous m.骨间掌(背)侧肌下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip髋肌iliopsoas m.髂腰肌iliac m.髂肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m.闭孔内肌external obturator m.闭孔外肌quadrate m. of thigh股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps m. lf thigh股四头肌pectineal m. 耻骨肌slender m. gracile m股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh股二头肌semiterninous m. 半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m.胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel跟腱long flexor m. of toe趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia阔筋膜iliotibial tract髂筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus收肌腱裂孔adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓vascular lacuna血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath)股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring)股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal踝管digestive system ，alimentary system消化系统internal organ ，splanchna ，viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学digestive apparatus 消化器digestive canal 消化管上消化道(Superior Digestive Tract)mouth口Oral cavity ，mouth cavity口腔Hard (soft) palate硬(软)腭Gum牙龈Sublingual caruncle舌下阜Sublingual fold舌下襞Papilla of parotid duct腮腺管乳头Oral glands口腔腺Major salivary glands大唾液腺Sublingual gland舌下腺Major(minor)sublingual duct舌下腺大(小)管Submandibular gland下颌下腺Submandibular duct下颌下腺管* Parotid gland腮腺Parotid duct腮腺管Tooth牙Incisor teeth incisor切牙Lateral (second) incisor侧切牙Canine teeth 尖牙Premolor teeth 前磨牙molor teeth磨牙* tongue, lingua 舌apex (dorsoum，root，body) of tongue舌尖(背，根，体)lingual mucous membrane舌黏膜frenulum of tongue 舌系带papillae of tongue,lingual papillae舌乳头filiformpapillae丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头vallate papillae轮廓乳头foliate papillae叶状乳头terminal sulcus 界沟foramen cecum of tongue舌盲孔muscles of tongue舌肌genioglossus m颏舌肌* pharynx咽isthmus of fauces, fauces咽峡palatine velum腭帆palatine uvula,uvula腭垂，悬雍垂palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓palatine tonsil腭扁桃体tonsillar fossa扁桃体窝cavity (fornix) of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx鼻咽eustachian cushion, tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕tonsillar ring扁桃体环pharyngeal recess咽隐窝oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽piriform recess梨状隐窝* esophagus食管，食道cervical (thoracic, abdominal) part of esophagus食管颈(胸，腹)部* stomach胃greater curvature of stomach胃大弯lesser curvature of stomach胃小弯angular (gastric) notch角切迹cardia, cardiac orifice贲门cardiac part 贲门部fundus (body) of stomach 胃底cardiac notch (incisure) 贲门切迹pylorus,pyloric orifice幽门pyloric part (canal, antrum) 幽门部(管，窦)* small intestine小肠solitary lymphatic follicles孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles集合淋巴滤泡* duodenum十二指肠ampulla,duodenal bulb十二指肠球major(minor)duodenal papilla十二指肠大(小)乳头duodinojejunal flexure十二指肠空肠曲suspensory m.of duodenum十二指肠悬肌下消化道(Inferior Digestive Tract)* jejunum 空肠* ileum回肠* large intestine大肠c(a)ecum盲肠ileocecal valve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口* vermix,vermiform appendix阑尾* colon结肠ascending (transverse, descending) colon升横，降)结肠right colic flexure,hepatic flexure结肠右曲，肝曲left colic flexure,splenic flexure结肠左曲，脾曲sigmoid colon乙状结肠haustra of colon结肠袋colic lig结肠带epiploic appendices肠脂垂* rectum直肠sacral(perineal)flexure骶(会阴)曲anal canal(column,sinus,valves肛管(柱，窦，瓣)anorectal line肛直肠线dentate line,anocutaneous line齿状线，肛皮线anal pecten,hemorrhoidal ring肛梳anus肛门internal sphincter m. of anus肛门内括约肌消化腺(Digestive Glands)* liver肝diaphragmatic surface膈面visceral surface脏面sulcus for vena cava腔静脉沟fossa for gallbladder胆囊窝round lig.of liver肝圆韧带venous lig. (duct) 静脉韧带door of liver肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂left (right) lobe左(右)叶quadrate (caudate) lobe方(尾状)叶bile duct胆管extrahepatic duct肝外胆道common hepatic duct肝总管left (right) hepatic duct肝左右管* gallbladder胆囊fundus (body,neck) of gallbladder胆囊底(体，颈)cystic duct胆囊管common bile duct胆总管hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹sphincter m.of hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌* pancreas胰uncinate process钩突head(body,tail)of pancreas胰头(体，尾)pancreatic duct胰管accessary pancreatic duct副胰管呼吸系统(Respiratory System)respiratory apparatus(organ) 呼吸器superior (inferior) respiratory tract上(下) 呼吸道nose 鼻external nose 外鼻root (back,apex,wing )of nose鼻根(背，尖，翼)nasolabial groove鼻唇沟nasal cartilage鼻软骨naris (pl.nares )鼻孔posterior nasal apertures, choanae鼻后孔nasal septum鼻中隔nasal vestibule鼻前庭proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隐窝superior (middle, inferior )meatus of nose上(中，下)鼻道* paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦maxillary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal (frontal, ethmoidal)sinus蝶(额，筛)窦* larynx喉laryngeal cartilages喉软骨thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage勺状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨laryngeal m.喉肌cricothyroid m.环甲肌laryngeal cavity喉腔laryngeal aperture喉口epiglottis会厌vestibule of larynx喉前庭vestibular fold (slit ) 前庭襞(裂)intermediate cavity of larynx喉中间腔ventricle of larynx喉室glottis声门slit of glottis声门裂vocal fold 声带，声襞infraglottic cavity声门下腔elastic cone弹性圆锥cricothyroid membrane环甲膜vocal lig.声韧带* trachea气管cervial (thoracic )part颈(胸)部tracheal cartilages气管软骨bifurcation of trachea气管杈carina of trachea气管隆嵴bronchus (pl.bronchi )支气管left (right ) principal bronchus左(右)主支气管lobar bronchi肺叶支气管segmental bronchi肺段支气管* lung肺apex (base) of lung肺尖(底)costal (medial, diaphragmatic) surface肋(内侧，膈)面cardiac notch of left lung 左肺心切迹lingula of left lung左肺小舌hilus (root)of lung 肺根(门)oblique fissure斜裂horizontal dissure of right lung 右肺水平裂bronchopulmonary sehments支气管肺段superior (middle, inferior)lobe上(中,下) 叶thoracic (pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔pleura胸膜cupula of pleura,cervical pleura胸膜顶visceral (parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜mediastinal (costal,diaphragmatic)pleura 纵隔(肋，膈)胸膜pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costomediastinal recess肋纵隔隐窝Mediastinum纵隔Superior (inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔Anterior (middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中，后)纵隔urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urinary organs泌尿器* kidney肾renal hilus (sinus，pedicle)肾门(窦，蒂)renal fascia肾筋膜fatly (adipose) capsule脂肪囊fibrous capsule纤维囊renal cortex (medulla)肾皮(髓)质renal pyramid肾锥体renal papilla 肾乳头papillary foramen乳头孔renal columns (pelvis)肾柱(盂)renal calices肾盏major (minor) renal calices肾大(小)盏* ureter输尿管* bladder，urinary bladder膀胱apex(body，fundus，neck)of bladder膀胱尖(体，底，颈) trigone of bladder，vesical trigone膀胱三角interureteric ridge输尿管间襞orifice of ureter输尿管口internal urethral orifice尿道内口female urethra女尿道* 生殖系统(Reproductive System)reproductive system，genital system生殖系统male(female)genital organs男女性生殖器internal(external)genital organs内(外)生殖器男性生殖器(Male Genital Organs)testicle，testis睾丸* epididymis附睾deferential (spermatic)duct输精管ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊精囊腺spermatic cord精索cremasteric m.提睾肌prostate前列腺apex (base，body, sulcus) of prostate前列腺尖(底，体，沟) bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis 阴茎prepuce of penis阴茎包皮bulb of urethra尿道球male urethra男尿道prostatic part前列腺部seminal colliculus精阜membranous part膜部subpubic curvature耻骨下弯prepubic curvature耻骨前弯scrotum阴囊dartos coat，dartos肉膜女性生殖器(female Genital Organs)* ovary卵巢* uterine tube，oviduct输卵管* Womb, uterus子宫Fundus of uterus子宫底(体)Isthmrs of uterus子宫峡(角)Neck of uterus, cervix子宫颈Orifice (cavity) of uterus子宫口(腔)Canal of cervix of uterus子宫颈管Round (broad ) lig. Of uterus子宫圆(阔)韧带Cardinal lig. Of uterus子宫主韧带Sacroluterine lig.骶子宫韧带Vagina阴道Female pudendum, vulva女阴Mons pubis阴阜Greater (lesser ) lip of pudendum大(小)阴唇Vaginal vestibule阴道前庭Vaginal orifice阴道口乳房，会阴(Mamma and perineum)Mamma(pl.mammae). breast乳头Mammary gland乳腺Perineum会阴Pelvic diaphragm盆膈Urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈Sphincter m. of urethra尿道括约肌腹膜(Peritoneum)Parietal(visceral) peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Abdominal cavity腹腔Peritoneal cavity,greater sac腹膜腔，大囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac网膜囊，小囊Omental foramen, epiploic foramen网膜孔Mesentery肠系膜Lesser omentum小网膜Inguinal trigone腹股沟三角rectouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectovesical pouch直肠膀胱陷凹*内分泌系统(Endocrine system)endocrine glands内分泌腺* thyroid gland甲状腺* parathyroid gland甲状旁腺inferior parathyroid gland下甲状旁腺* hypophysis, pituitary gland, pituitary body垂体pineal body松果体* suprarenal gland肾上腺thymus胸腺脉管系统(Vascular system)vascular system, angiological system脉管系统angiology脉管学circulatory system循环系统cardiovascular system心血管系统* heart心blood血液vessel管，脉管blood vessel血管arteriole小动脉arteriolovenular anastomsis小静脉vein (v.) 静脉cutaneous v.皮静脉superficial(deep) v. 浅(深)静脉accompanying v.伴行动脉venule小静脉venous valve静脉瓣venous plexus(rete)静脉丛(网)capillary毛细管心血管系统(Cardiovascular system)systemic circulation,greater circulation体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环，小循环fetal circulation胎血循环心(heart)cardiac apex(bace)心尖(底)cardiac apical incisure心尖切迹sternocostal(diaphragmatic) surface胸肋(膈)面pulmonary surface肺面right border右缘left border, obtuse margin左缘，钝缘inferior border, acute margin下缘，锐缘anterior (posterior) interventricular groove前(后)室间沟coronary sulcus冠状沟atrioventricular junction房室交点atrioventricular septum房室膈* cardiac ventricle心室interventricular septum室间隔muscular (membranous ) part肌(膜)部* cardiac atrium心房left (right) auricle of heart左(右)心耳interatrial (interauricular) septum房间膈left(right)atrioventricular orifice左(右)房室口cardiac m. 心肌pectinate m.梳状肌carbeous trabeculae肉柱papillary m.乳头肌tendinous cord腱索fibrous skeleton纤维支架left fibrous trigone左纤维三角架right fibrous trigone, central fibrous body左纤维三角left (right) fibrous ring左(右)纤维环endocardium心内膜right atrium右心房limiting sulcus, terminal groove界沟terminal crest界嵴sinus of vena cava 腔静脉窦oval fossa (foramen)卵圆孔border of ovalo fossa卵圆窝缘orifice of superior上(下)腔静脉口valve of inferior vena cava下腔静脉瓣orifice(valve)of coronary sinus冠状窦口right ventricle右心室right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve右房室瓣supraventricular crest室上嵴arterial cone动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice(valve)肺动脉口(瓣)nodules of semilunar valves半月瓣小节septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱left atrium左心房orifice of pulmonary v.肺静脉口left ventricle左心室left atrioventricular valve, vicuspid valve 左房室瓣，二尖瓣aortic orifice (valve) 主动脉口(瓣)conduction system of heart心传导系统sinoatrial node窦房结hinternodal tract结间束atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束left (right) bundle branch左(右)束支right coronary a.右冠状动脉Left coronary a.左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch前室间支circumflex branch旋支cardiac v.心静脉coronary sinus冠状窦great cardiac v.心大静脉middle cardiac v.心中静脉small cardiac v.心小静脉* pericardium心包fibrous pericardium纤维心包serous pericardium浆膜心包parietal layer壁层visceral layer , epicardium脏层，心外膜cavity of pericardium心包腔动脉(Artery)* pulmonary trunk肺动脉干bifurcation of pulmonary trunk肺动脉叉left (right) pulmonary左(右)肺动脉arterial duct (lig.)动脉导管(韧带)* aorta主动脉ascending aorta升主动脉* brachiocephalic trunk头臂干* common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid sinus (bodies)颈动脉窦(小球)* internal carotid a.颈内动脉* external carotid a.颈外动脉superior thyroid甲状腺上动脉lingual (facial) a.舌(面)动脉occipital a.枕动脉posterior auricular a.耳后动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉maxillary a.上颌动脉middle meningeal a.脑膜中动脉subclavicular a.锁骨下动脉vertebral a.椎动脉axillary a.腋动脉thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉brachial a. 肱动脉radial a.桡动脉deep palmar arch掌深弓ulnar a.尺动脉cubital articular rete肘关节网superficial palmar arch掌浅弓common (proper) palmar digital a.指掌侧总(固有)动脉descending aorta降主动脉* Thoracic aorta胸主动脉posterior intercostal a.肋间后动脉subcostal a.肋下动脉* Abdominal aorta腹主动脉inferior phrenic a.膈下动脉median sacral a.骶正中动脉lumbar a.腰动脉c(o)eliac trunk腹腔干，腹腔动脉left (right) gastric a.胃左(右)动脉common hepatic a.肝总动脉proper hepatic a.肝固有动脉cystic a.胆囊动脉gastroduodenal a.胃十二指肠动脉left gastroepiploic a.胃网膜左动脉right gastroepiploic a.胃网膜右动脉splenic a.脾动脉。

解剖学英语词汇Anatomy Words

1. locomotor system [动] 运动系统2. osteology [,ɒstɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. [解剖] 骨学3. trunk [trʌŋk] n. 树干；躯干；象鼻4. arthrology [ɑ:'θrɔlədʒi] n. 关节学5. cranial bones 颅骨6. cranial ['kreɪnɪəl] adj. 头盖的7. myology [maɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 肌肉学；肌肉系统8. alimentary system [解剖] 消化系统9. alimentary [ælɪ'ment(ə)rɪ] adj. 滋养的；食物的10. respiratory system [解剖] 呼吸系统11. respiratory [rɪ'spɪrət(ə)rɪ; 'resp(ə)rət(ə)rɪ; rɪ'spaɪ-]呼吸的| 呼吸道| 呼吸系统12. urinary system [解剖] 泌尿系统13. urinary ['jʊərɪn(ə)rɪ] n. 尿壶；小便池（等于urinal）adj. 尿的；泌尿的14. reproductive [,riːprə'dʌktɪv] adj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的15. peritoneum [,perɪtə'niːəm] n. 腹膜16. angiology [,ændʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] [解剖] 血管学；脉管学17. artery ['ɑːtərɪ] n. 动脉；干道；主流18. vein [veɪn] 静脉| 血管| 矿脉19. lymphatic system [解剖] 淋巴系统Lymphatic system: 淋巴系统| 淋巴系| 淋巴体系20. lymphatic [lɪm'fætɪk] n. 淋巴管；淋巴腺adj. 淋巴的；含淋巴的21. vestibulocochlear organ: 前庭蜗器22. vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经23. spinal cord [解剖] 脊髓| 脊椎| 脊24. spinal ['spaɪn(ə)l] 脊髓| 脊柱| 脊骨的25. cord [kɔːd] n. 绳索；束缚vt. 用绳子捆绑26. brain stem 脑干27. stem [stem] 阻止| 干；茎| 科学28. cerebellum [,serɪ'beləm] n. [解剖] 小脑29. diencephalon [,daɪen'sef(ə)lɒn; -'kef-] n. [解剖] 间脑；中脑30. telencephalon [,telen'sef(ə)lɒn; -'kef-; ,tiːlen'sef(ə)l ɒn; -'kef-] n. 终脑，[胚] 端脑31. meninges [mɪ'nɪndʒiːz] n. 脑膜；髓膜；脑脊膜32. peripheral [pə'rɪf(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 外围的；次要的33. visceral ['vɪs(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 内脏的；出于本能的；发自肺腑的34. endocrine gland n. [解剖] 内分泌腺35. endocrine ['endə(ʊ)kraɪn; -krɪn] 内分泌；内分泌物| 激素的36. regional anatomy [解剖] 局部解剖学37. thorax ['θɔːræks] n. [解剖] 胸，胸部；胸腔38. abdomen ['æbdəmən; æb'dəʊmən] n. 腹部；下腹；腹腔39. pelvic ['pelvɪk] adj. 骨盆的40. perineum [,perɪ'niːəm] n. [解剖] 会阴41. vertebral ['vɜːtɪbrəl] adj. 脊椎的；椎骨的；由椎骨组成的42. histology [hɪ'stɒlədʒɪ] n. 组织学43. embryology [,embrɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. [胚] 胚胎学44. Epithelial Tissue 上皮组织45. epithelial [,epɪ'θiːlɪəl] adj. [生物] 上皮的；皮膜的46. connective tissue proper [组织] 固有结缔组织47. connective tissue n. [基医] 结缔组织48. proper ['prɒpə] adj. 适当的；特有的；正派的49. cartilage ['kɑːt(ɪ)lɪdʒ] n. 软骨；软骨组织50. endocrine system [解剖] 内分泌系统51. digestive tract 消化道；消化系统52. placenta [plə'sentə] n. [胚] 胎盘；[植] 胎座53. fetal membrane [胚] 胎膜54. fetal ['fiːt(ə)l] adj. 胎的，胎儿的55. sternum ['stɜːnəm] n. [解剖] 胸骨56. maxilla [mæk'sɪlə] n. [解剖] 上颌骨，上颌57. mandible ['mændɪb(ə)l] n. 下颌骨58. clavicle ['klævɪk(ə)l] n. [解剖] 锁骨59. humerus ['hjuːm(ə)rəs] n. 肱骨| 肱60. radius ['reɪdɪəs] n. 半径[解剖] 桡骨61. hip bone [解剖] 髋骨，坐骨62. Ilium ['ɪlɪəm] 髂骨63. ischium ['ɪskɪəm] n. [解剖] 坐骨64. pubis ['pjuːbɪs] n. 耻骨；前胸侧部65. femur ['fiːmə] n. [解剖] 股骨；大腿骨66. tibia ['tibiə] n. [解]胫骨；胫节（昆虫）67. diaphragm ['daɪəfræm] n. 隔膜；快门68. lingua ['liŋɡwə] n. 舌；似舌的器官69. parotid [pə'rɒtɪd] n. 腮腺；耳下腺70. pharynx ['færiŋks] n. [解]咽71. esophagus [iː'sɒfəɡəs] n. [解剖] 食管；食道72. intestine [ɪn'testɪn] n. 肠73. duodenum [,djuːə'diːnəm] n. [解剖] 十二指肠74. jejunum [dʒɪ'dʒuːnəm] n. [解剖] 空肠75. ileum ['ɪlɪəm] n. [解剖] 回肠76. vermix 阑尾77. colon ['kəʊlən] n. [解剖] 结肠；冒号78. rectum ['rektəm] n. 直肠79. gallbladder ['ɡɔːl,blædə] n. [解剖] 胆囊80. pancreas ['pæŋkrɪəs] n. [解剖] 胰腺81. paranasal sinuses n. 鼻旁窦82. paranasal [,pærə'neizəl] adj. 鼻旁的；鼻侧的83. sinuses ['saɪnɜ:sɪs] n. 鼻窦；鼻窦炎84. sinus ['saɪnəs] n. [生物] 窦；静脉窦85. larynx ['lærɪŋks] n. [解剖] 喉；咽喉86. trachea [trə'kiːə; 'treɪkɪə] n.气管87. ureter [jʊ'riːtə; 'jʊərɪtə] n. 输尿管88. bladder ['blædə] n. 膀胱；囊状物89. epididymis [,epɪ'dɪdɪmɪs] n. [解剖] 附睾90. ovary ['əʊv(ə)rɪ] n. [解剖] 卵巢91. oviduct ['əʊvɪdʌkt] n. [解剖] 输卵管92. uterine ['juːtərɪn; -aɪn] adj. [解剖] 子宫的93. uterine tube [解剖] 输卵管94. womb [wuːm] n. [解剖] 子宫；发源地95. uterus ['juːt(ə)rəs] n. [解剖] 子宫96. cardiac ['kɑːdɪæk] adj. 心脏的97. pericardium [,perɪ'kɑːdɪəm] n. [解剖] 心包；心包膜98. pulmonary ['pʌlmən(ə)rɪ] adj. 肺的99. aorta [eɪ'ɔːtə] n. [解剖] 主动脉100. carotid [kə'rɒtɪd] n. 颈动脉；颈动脉的。

解剖学词汇

人体解剖学英汉名词对照一、总论1．解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy)anatomy解剖学* human anatomy, anthropotomy人类解剖学systematic anatomy系统解剖学regional (topographic) anatomy, topology局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy断面解剖学pathological (morbid) anatomy病理解剖学neuroanatomy神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy化学解剖学developmental anatomy发生(或发育)histologic anatomy组织解剖学histology组织学embryology胚胎学anthropology人类学2．一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.)解剖，解剖标本normality，normal (a.)正常abnormality , abnormal异常variation变异deformity, malformation畸形specimen标本model模型3. 方位术语(Positional Terms)anatomical position解剖学姿势(1)方位的形容词(positional adjectives)inferior, lower下superior, upper上anterior前侧posterior后侧ventral (dorsal)腹(背)侧medial (lateral)内(外)侧intermediate中间internal, interior, inner, inside内external, exterior, outer, outside外superficial浅deep, profound深proximal(distal)近(远)侧ulnar (radial)尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular)胫(腓)侧palmar掌侧plantar足底left左right右middle中median正中(2)轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.)轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis冠(额)状轴sagittal axis矢状轴plane(平)面horizontal (transverse) plane水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane冠(额)状面sagittal plane矢状面median sagittal plane正中矢状面transverse section横切面longitudinal section纵切面4.人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Humanbody)头(Head)heat头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial (a.)颅front, frontal, region额区perietal region顶区occiput, occipital region枕区Face, facial (a.)面orbit, orbital region眶区nose, nasal region鼻区mouth, oral region口区chin, mental region颌区ear, auditory region耳区颈(Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.)颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck颈前区carotid triangle颈动脉三角muscular triangle肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region颈后区,项区 nape, nucha, nuchal (a.)项root of neck颈根部躯干(Trunk)trunk, truncus躯干Median anterior line前正中线sternal line胸骨线parasternal line胸骨旁线midclavicular line锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line腋前(后) 线midaxillary line腋中线scapular line肩胛线median posterior line后正中线Back, dorsal背vertebral region脊柱区sacral region骶区scapular region肩胛下区lumbar region腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.)胸sternal region胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.)腹Hypochondriac季肋区epigastric region腹上区lateral region of abdomem腹外侧区umbilical region脐区inguinal region, iliac region,腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. )盆部Perineum,perineal (a.)会阴anal region肛区urogenital region尿生殖区四肢(Limbs)limbs, extremities四肢Upper limbs (extremities)上肢Shoulder肩axilla, axillary region腋区Free upper limb自由上肢arm,brachial (a.)臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.)肘forearm, antebrachial (a.)前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.)手wrist, carpal (a.)腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.)掌back (palm) of hand手背(掌)finger, digital (a.)手指thumb拇指index finger示指middle finger中指ring finger环指little finger小指Lower limb下肢hip, coxal (a.)髋buttock, gluteal region臀区Free lower limb自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh股前(后)区femoral triangle股三角medial region of thigh股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.)膝anterior (posterior) region of knee膝前(后)区 leg, crural (a.)小腿anterior (posterior) crural region小腿前后)区foot,pedal (a.)足dorsum of foot足背sole, planta (pl. plantae)足底toes足趾great toe足母趾人体解剖学词汇骨学osteology骨学* bone，bony骨skeleton，skletal (a.)骨骼long (short，flat) bone长(短，扁)骨irregular bone不规则骨pneumatic bone含气骨sesamoid bone籽骨，shaft，diaphysis骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance骨质compact(spongy)bone骨密(松)质trabeculae骨小梁periosteum(外)膜endosteum骨内膜medullary髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow红(黄)骨髓中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column脊柱* vertebral canal椎管intervertebral foramen椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)curvature颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae)椎骨vertebral body (arch)椎体(弓)pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch椎弓板vertebral foramen椎孔spinous process棘突transverse process横突superior (inferior) articular process上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae颈椎atlas寰椎axis枢椎prominent vertebrae隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum,sacral bone骶骨coccyx尾骨thoracic cavity胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax胸廓上下口costal arch肋弓intercostals space肋间隙infrasternal angle胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae)肋* sternum胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前(后)外侧囟cranial bones脑颅骨occipital bone枕骨large foramen of occipital bone枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆，棘)孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa颈静脉窝styloid process茎突stylomastoid foramen茎乳孔facial canal面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔) facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外侧)缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下，外侧)角glenoid cavity关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，桡)窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones腕骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triangular bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨trapezium bone大多角骨trapezoid bone小多角骨capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中，远)指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone髋骨acetabulum髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen闭孔* Ilium髂骨body (ala) of ilium髂骨体(翼)arcuate line弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂前上(下)棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨synosteology关节学，关节解剖学articulation连结，关节joint关节，连结synovial joints滑膜关节fibrous纤维连结syndesmosis韧带连结suture缝cartilaginous joints软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔) articular disk关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule关节囊fibrous layer (membrane)纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold (villi)滑膜襞synovial fluid滑液ligament (lig.)韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.)伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.)收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.)展Medial (lateral) rotation旋内(外) pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.)旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction环转运动中轴骨骼的连结(Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig.棘间韧带intertransverse lig.横突间韧带supraspinous lig.棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合interverbral discs椎间盘Fibrous rings纤维环Pulpiform nucleus髓核Anterior longitudinal前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal前后韧带Zygapophysial joint关节突关节Lumbosacral joint腰骶连结Costovertebral joints肋椎关节Joint of costal head肋头关节Costotransverse joint肋横突关节Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture人字缝Synchondroses of cranium颅结合Temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle上肢带连结coracoacromial lig.喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig.喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint肩关节Elbow joint肘关节Humeroulnar joint肱尺关节Humeroradial joint肱桡关节Joints of hand手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连结Pubic symphysis耻骨联合Interpubic disc耻骨间盘Obturator membrane闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig.骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis骨盆Terminal line界线Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle耻骨下角Pelvic cavity骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb自由下肢连结Hip joint髋关节Transverse acetabular lig.髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur股骨头韧带Knee joint膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig.前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig.后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig.腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella髌韧带Tibiofibular joint胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜Joints of foot足关节talocrural joint,ankle joint距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch内(外)侧纵弓transverse arch横弓肌学(mycology)muscle (m.)肌肉cardiac muscle心肌smooth muscle平滑肌skeletal muscle骨骼肌long (short, broad, flat) muscle长(短，阔，扁) 肌orbicular muscle轮匝肌sphincter括约肌dilator, dilatator开大肌venter (belly)肌腹tendon腱aponeurosis腱膜origin起点，固定点insertion止点，动点accessory (subservient) structure辅助结构tendinous sheath腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon滑膜腱鞘fascia筋膜superficial (deep) fascia浅(深)筋膜synovial bursa滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪)躯干肌(Muscles of Trunk)muscles of back背肌trapezius m.斜方肌broadest m. of back背阔肌erector spinal m.竖脊肌muscles of neck颈肌platysma m.颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m.前中后斜角肌scalene fissure斜角肌suprahyoid muscles舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles舌骨下肌群thoracic m.胸肌greater (lesser) pectoral m.胸大(小)肌anterior serratus m.前锯肌thoracic proper m.胸固有肌external intercostal m.肋间外肌internal intercostal m.肋间内肌external (internal) intercostalsmembrane肋间外(内)膜transverse m. of thorax胸横肌intimate intercostal m.肋间最内肌* diaphragm膈central tendon中心腱aortic hiatus主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave腔静裂孔abdominal m.腹肌abdominal rectus m., straight m. ofabdomen腹直肌sheath of rectus m.腹直肌鞘external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen腹外(内) 斜肌inguinal lig.腹股沟韧带superficial (deep) inguinal ring腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen腹横肌inguinal canal腹股沟管头肌(Muscles of Head)Facial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontal(occipital)belly额(枕)腹epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth口轮匝肌buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌上肢肌(Muscles of Upper Limb)muscles of shoulder girdle上肢带肌,肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二(三)头肌anconeus m. 肘肌round pronator m.旋前圆肌radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist桡(尺)侧腕屈肌long palmar m.掌长肌superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers指浅(深)屈肌long flexor m, of thumb拇长屈肌quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis旋前方肌brachioradial m., brachioradialis肱桡肌long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短)伸肌extensor m. of fingers指伸肌extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌ulnar extensor m. of wrist尺侧腕伸肌supinator m. 旋后肌long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb拇长展(伸)肌short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌muscles of hand 手肌short abductor (flexor ) m. of thumb 拇短展(屈)肌opposing m. of thumb拇对掌肌abductor (opposing) m. of little finger小指展(对掌)肌lumbrrical m. 蚓状肌palmar (dorsal)interosseous m.骨间掌(背)侧肌下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip髋肌iliopsoas m.髂腰肌iliac m.髂肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m.闭孔内肌external obturator m.闭孔外肌quadrate m. of thigh股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps m. lf thigh股四头肌pectineal m. 耻骨肌slender m. gracile m股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh股二头肌semiterninous m. 半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m.胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel跟腱long flexor m. of toe趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia阔筋膜iliotibial tract髂筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus收肌腱裂孔adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓vascular lacuna血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath)股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring)股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal踝管digestive system ，alimentary system消化系统internal organ ，splanchna ，viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学digestive apparatus 消化器digestive canal 消化管上消化道(Superior Digestive Tract)mouth口Oral cavity ，mouth cavity口腔Hard (soft) palate硬(软)腭Gum牙龈Sublingual caruncle舌下阜Sublingual fold舌下襞Papilla of parotid duct腮腺管乳头Oral glands口腔腺Major salivary glands大唾液腺Sublingual gland舌下腺Major(minor)sublingual duct舌下腺大(小)管Submandibular gland下颌下腺Submandibular duct下颌下腺管* Parotid gland腮腺Parotid duct腮腺管Tooth牙Incisor teeth incisor切牙Lateral (second) incisor侧切牙Canine teeth 尖牙Premolor teeth 前磨牙molor teeth磨牙* tongue, lingua 舌apex (dorsoum，root，body) of tongue舌尖(背，根，体)lingual mucous membrane舌黏膜frenulum of tongue 舌系带papillae of tongue,lingual papillae舌乳头filiformpapillae丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头vallate papillae轮廓乳头foliate papillae叶状乳头terminal sulcus 界沟foramen cecum of tongue舌盲孔muscles of tongue舌肌genioglossus m颏舌肌* pharynx咽isthmus of fauces, fauces咽峡palatine velum腭帆palatine uvula,uvula腭垂，悬雍垂palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓palatine tonsil腭扁桃体tonsillar fossa扁桃体窝cavity (fornix) of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx鼻咽eustachian cushion, tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕tonsillar ring扁桃体环pharyngeal recess咽隐窝oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽piriform recess梨状隐窝* esophagus食管，食道cervical (thoracic, abdominal) part of esophagus食管颈(胸，腹)部* stomach胃greater curvature of stomach胃大弯lesser curvature of stomach胃小弯angular (gastric) notch角切迹cardia, cardiac orifice贲门cardiac part 贲门部fundus (body) of stomach 胃底cardiac notch (incisure) 贲门切迹pylorus,pyloric orifice幽门pyloric part (canal, antrum) 幽门部(管，窦)* small intestine小肠solitary lymphatic follicles孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles集合淋巴滤泡* duodenum十二指肠ampulla,duodenal bulb十二指肠球major(minor)duodenal papilla十二指肠大(小)乳头duodinojejunal flexure十二指肠空肠曲suspensory m.of duodenum十二指肠悬肌下消化道(Inferior Digestive Tract)* jejunum 空肠* ileum回肠* large intestine大肠c(a)ecum盲肠ileocecal valve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口* vermix,vermiform appendix阑尾* colon结肠ascending (transverse, descending) colon升横，降)结肠right colic flexure,hepatic flexure结肠右曲，肝曲left colic flexure,splenic flexure结肠左曲，脾曲sigmoid colon乙状结肠haustra of colon结肠袋colic lig结肠带epiploic appendices肠脂垂* rectum直肠sacral(perineal)flexure骶(会阴)曲anal canal(column,sinus,valves肛管(柱，窦，瓣)anorectal line肛直肠线dentate line,anocutaneous line齿状线，肛皮线anal pecten,hemorrhoidal ring肛梳anus肛门internal sphincter m. of anus肛门内括约肌消化腺(Digestive Glands)* liver肝diaphragmatic surface膈面visceral surface脏面sulcus for vena cava腔静脉沟fossa for gallbladder胆囊窝round lig.of liver肝圆韧带venous lig. (duct) 静脉韧带door of liver肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂left (right) lobe左(右)叶quadrate (caudate) lobe方(尾状)叶bile duct胆管extrahepatic duct肝外胆道common hepatic duct肝总管left (right) hepatic duct肝左右管* gallbladder胆囊fundus (body,neck) of gallbladder胆囊底(体，颈)cystic duct胆囊管common bile duct胆总管hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹sphincter m.of hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌* pancreas胰uncinate process钩突head(body,tail)of pancreas胰头(体，尾)pancreatic duct胰管accessary pancreatic duct副胰管呼吸系统(Respiratory System)respiratory apparatus(organ) 呼吸器superior (inferior) respiratory tract上(下) 呼吸道nose 鼻external nose 外鼻root (back,apex,wing )of nose鼻根(背，尖，翼)nasolabial groove鼻唇沟nasal cartilage鼻软骨naris (pl.nares )鼻孔posterior nasal apertures, choanae鼻后孔nasal septum鼻中隔nasal vestibule鼻前庭proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隐窝superior (middle, inferior )meatus of nose上(中，下)鼻道* paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦maxillary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal (frontal, ethmoidal)sinus蝶(额，筛)窦* larynx喉laryngeal cartilages喉软骨thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage勺状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨laryngeal m.喉肌cricothyroid m.环甲肌laryngeal cavity喉腔laryngeal aperture喉口epiglottis会厌vestibule of larynx喉前庭vestibular fold (slit ) 前庭襞(裂)intermediate cavity of larynx喉中间腔ventricle of larynx喉室glottis声门slit of glottis声门裂vocal fold 声带，声襞infraglottic cavity声门下腔elastic cone弹性圆锥cricothyroid membrane环甲膜vocal lig.声韧带* trachea气管cervial (thoracic )part颈(胸)部tracheal cartilages气管软骨bifurcation of trachea气管杈carina of trachea气管隆嵴bronchus (pl.bronchi )支气管left (right ) principal bronchus左(右)主支气管lobar bronchi肺叶支气管segmental bronchi肺段支气管* lung肺apex (base) of lung肺尖(底)costal (medial, diaphragmatic) surface肋(内侧，膈)面cardiac notch of left lung 左肺心切迹lingula of left lung左肺小舌hilus (root)of lung 肺根(门)oblique fissure斜裂horizontal dissure of right lung 右肺水平裂bronchopulmonary sehments支气管肺段superior (middle, inferior)lobe上(中,下) 叶thoracic (pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔pleura胸膜cupula of pleura,cervical pleura胸膜顶visceral (parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜mediastinal (costal,diaphragmatic)pleura 纵隔(肋，膈)胸膜pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costomediastinal recess肋纵隔隐窝Mediastinum纵隔Superior (inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔Anterior (middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中，后)纵隔urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urinary organs泌尿器* kidney肾renal hilus (sinus，pedicle)肾门(窦，蒂)renal fascia肾筋膜fatly (adipose) capsule脂肪囊fibrous capsule纤维囊renal cortex (medulla)肾皮(髓)质renal pyramid肾锥体renal papilla 肾乳头papillary foramen乳头孔renal columns (pelvis)肾柱(盂)renal calices肾盏major (minor) renal calices肾大(小)盏* ureter输尿管* bladder，urinary bladder膀胱apex(body，fundus，neck)of bladder膀胱尖(体，底，颈) trigone of bladder，vesical trigone膀胱三角interureteric ridge输尿管间襞orifice of ureter输尿管口internal urethral orifice尿道内口female urethra女尿道* 生殖系统(Reproductive System)reproductive system，genital system生殖系统male(female)genital organs男女性生殖器internal(external)genital organs内(外)生殖器男性生殖器(Male Genital Organs)testicle，testis睾丸* epididymis附睾deferential (spermatic)duct输精管ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊精囊腺spermatic cord精索cremasteric m.提睾肌prostate前列腺apex (base，body, sulcus) of prostate前列腺尖(底，体，沟) bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis 阴茎prepuce of penis阴茎包皮bulb of urethra尿道球male urethra男尿道prostatic part前列腺部seminal colliculus精阜membranous part膜部subpubic curvature耻骨下弯prepubic curvature耻骨前弯scrotum阴囊dartos coat，dartos肉膜女性生殖器(female Genital Organs)* ovary卵巢* uterine tube，oviduct输卵管* Womb, uterus子宫Fundus of uterus子宫底(体)Isthmrs of uterus子宫峡(角)Neck of uterus, cervix子宫颈Orifice (cavity) of uterus子宫口(腔)Canal of cervix of uterus子宫颈管Round (broad ) lig. Of uterus子宫圆(阔)韧带Cardinal lig. Of uterus子宫主韧带Sacroluterine lig.骶子宫韧带Vagina阴道Female pudendum, vulva女阴Mons pubis阴阜Greater (lesser ) lip of pudendum大(小)阴唇Vaginal vestibule阴道前庭Vaginal orifice阴道口乳房，会阴(Mamma and perineum)Mamma(pl.mammae). breast乳头Mammary gland乳腺Perineum会阴Pelvic diaphragm盆膈Urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈Sphincter m. of urethra尿道括约肌腹膜(Peritoneum)Parietal(visceral) peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Abdominal cavity腹腔Peritoneal cavity,greater sac腹膜腔，大囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac网膜囊，小囊Omental foramen, epiploic foramen网膜孔Mesentery肠系膜Lesser omentum小网膜Inguinal trigone腹股沟三角rectouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectovesical pouch直肠膀胱陷凹*内分泌系统(Endocrine system)endocrine glands内分泌腺* thyroid gland甲状腺* parathyroid gland甲状旁腺inferior parathyroid gland下甲状旁腺* hypophysis, pituitary gland, pituitary body垂体pineal body松果体* suprarenal gland肾上腺thymus胸腺脉管系统(Vascular system)vascular system, angiological system脉管系统angiology脉管学circulatory system循环系统cardiovascular system心血管系统* heart心blood血液vessel管，脉管blood vessel血管arteriole小动脉arteriolovenular anastomsis小静脉vein (v.) 静脉cutaneous v.皮静脉superficial(deep) v. 浅(深)静脉accompanying v.伴行动脉venule小静脉venous valve静脉瓣venous plexus(rete)静脉丛(网)capillary毛细管心血管系统(Cardiovascular system)systemic circulation,greater circulation体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环，小循环fetal circulation胎血循环心(heart)cardiac apex(bace)心尖(底)cardiac apical incisure心尖切迹sternocostal(diaphragmatic) surface胸肋(膈)面pulmonary surface肺面right border右缘left border, obtuse margin左缘，钝缘inferior border, acute margin下缘，锐缘anterior (posterior) interventricular groove前(后)室间沟coronary sulcus冠状沟atrioventricular junction房室交点atrioventricular septum房室膈* cardiac ventricle心室interventricular septum室间隔muscular (membranous ) part肌(膜)部* cardiac atrium心房left (right) auricle of heart左(右)心耳interatrial (interauricular) septum房间膈left(right)atrioventricular orifice左(右)房室口cardiac m. 心肌pectinate m.梳状肌carbeous trabeculae肉柱papillary m.乳头肌tendinous cord腱索fibrous skeleton纤维支架left fibrous trigone左纤维三角架right fibrous trigone, central fibrous body左纤维三角left (right) fibrous ring左(右)纤维环endocardium心内膜right atrium右心房limiting sulcus, terminal groove界沟terminal crest界嵴sinus of vena cava 腔静脉窦oval fossa (foramen)卵圆孔border of ovalo fossa卵圆窝缘orifice of superior上(下)腔静脉口valve of inferior vena cava下腔静脉瓣orifice(valve)of coronary sinus冠状窦口right ventricle右心室right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve右房室瓣supraventricular crest室上嵴arterial cone动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice(valve)肺动脉口(瓣)nodules of semilunar valves半月瓣小节septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱left atrium左心房orifice of pulmonary v.肺静脉口left ventricle左心室left atrioventricular valve, vicuspid valve 左房室瓣，二尖瓣aortic orifice (valve) 主动脉口(瓣)conduction system of heart心传导系统sinoatrial node窦房结hinternodal tract结间束atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束left (right) bundle branch左(右)束支right coronary a.右冠状动脉Left coronary a.左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch前室间支circumflex branch旋支cardiac v.心静脉coronary sinus冠状窦great cardiac v.心大静脉middle cardiac v.心中静脉small cardiac v.心小静脉* pericardium心包fibrous pericardium纤维心包serous pericardium浆膜心包parietal layer壁层visceral layer , epicardium脏层，心外膜cavity of pericardium心包腔动脉(Artery)* pulmonary trunk肺动脉干bifurcation of pulmonary trunk肺动脉叉left (right) pulmonary左(右)肺动脉arterial duct (lig.)动脉导管(韧带)* aorta主动脉ascending aorta升主动脉* brachiocephalic trunk头臂干* common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid sinus (bodies)颈动脉窦(小球)* internal carotid a.颈内动脉* external carotid a.颈外动脉superior thyroid甲状腺上动脉lingual (facial) a.舌(面)动脉occipital a.枕动脉posterior auricular a.耳后动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉maxillary a.上颌动脉middle meningeal a.脑膜中动脉subclavicular a.锁骨下动脉vertebral a.椎动脉axillary a.腋动脉thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉brachial a. 肱动脉radial a.桡动脉deep palmar arch掌深弓ulnar a.尺动脉cubital articular rete肘关节网superficial palmar arch掌浅弓common (proper) palmar digital a.指掌侧总(固有)动脉descending aorta降主动脉* Thoracic aorta胸主动脉posterior intercostal a.肋间后动脉subcostal a.肋下动脉* Abdominal aorta腹主动脉inferior phrenic a.膈下动脉median sacral a.骶正中动脉lumbar a.腰动脉c(o)eliac trunk腹腔干，腹腔动脉left (right) gastric a.胃左(右)动脉common hepatic a.肝总动脉proper hepatic a.肝固有动脉cystic a.胆囊动脉gastroduodenal a.胃十二指肠动脉left gastroepiploic a.胃网膜左动脉right gastroepiploic a.胃网膜右动脉splenic a.脾动脉。