全新版大学英语第三册第二版电子教案Unit2
全新版大学英语(第三册)第二版电子教案Unit2
Background Information Map Reading
Detailed Reading
Timeline of Slavery
The Underground Railroad Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
English Song — Abraham, Martin & John
Detailed Reading
Anybody here, Seen my old friend Bobby? Can you tell me, where he‟s gone? I thought I saw him walkin‟ up over the hill, With Abraham, Martin and John.
Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
He freed a lot of people, But it seems the good they young, I just looked around, And he‟s gone. Detailed Reading
(完整版)全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第三册课后习题答案-第二单元
Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesTEXT ATEXT ORGANIZATION1.Part One Paras 1-5 It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging theUnderground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.Part Two Paras 6-23 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes whohelped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.2.Story 1 (Paras 6-10): After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped otherslaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last.VOCABULARYI.1.1) decades 2) historic3) imposed 4) religious5) slender 6) web7) bade 8) site9) on the side 10) authorized11) terminal 12) make the best of2.1) went through 2) stood up for3) laid down 4) take on5) let (us) down 6) draw on7) fall into 8) pass for3.1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.2) Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein , staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.3) There’s not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drug.4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.4.1). As for, do not compel, capture of , have forged2) At huge risk, the mission, shelter3) who abolished, In the eyes of, racialII. Words with Multiple Meaning1.I’ll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, butfirst let me hear about your French trip.2.Most McDonald’s look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16different basic designs.3.Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through afinancial crisis.4.This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble: it’s always breaking down.5.In your resume you’ve mentioned everything but one vital point.6.Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.7.I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus.8.The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.III. USAGE1. lonely2. friendly3. weekly, monthly4. lovely5. cowardly6. kindly/ saintly7. lively 8. motherlyCOMPREHENSIVE EXERCISESI.CLOZE1.1) forged 2) stand up3) compelled 4) convictions5) mission 6) abolish7) intent on 8) risk9) In the eyes of 10) threats2.1) assistance 2) involved3) estimated 4) coincidence5) emerged 6) referred7) numerous 8) stationed9) concern 10) captureII.TRANSLATION1.Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are stillconfident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.2.Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village andmove to the new settlement.3.According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated toconsider buying products shown in TV commercials.4.Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old manreported to the police at once.5.Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like geneticallymodified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.2.Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.TEXT BCOMPREHENSION CHECK1. b c d b b aTRANSLATION1.这一和平的不服从行为在蒙哥马利引发了抗议，最终使少数民族权利在法律上发生了变化，开创了美国民权运动的新时代。
全新版大学英语综合教程3(第二版)Unit 2 单词短语
全新版大学英语综合教程3（第二版）Unit 2 单词短语Text ANew words and expressionscanadian a.加拿大的；加拿大人的；n.加拿大人alongside ad.在旁边；沿着边prep. 在…旁边；沿着…的边slender a.苗条的；细长的settlement n. 新拓据地confident a. 有信心的；确信的creator n.造物者，上帝devotion n.深爱，挚爱cabin n.小棚屋，小木屋ironically▲ad.具有讽刺意味的是symbolize vt.象征，标志symbol n.racial a. 种族的sellout n. （infml）背叛者；出卖者；背叛；出卖unwilling a. 不愿意的；勉强的stand up（for） a.支持historic a.有历史意义的site n.地方，位置；遗址slavery n.受奴役的状态；奴隶制mission n. 特殊使命，任务courageous★ a.勇敢的，无畏的forge vt.（靠艰苦工作）建立web n.网状物；网状组织authorize★vt.批准；委托civil-rights a.民权的civil a.公民的unsung a.（在诗或者歌中）未赞颂过的；未获得承认的intent★ a.热衷的；坚决的be intent on（sth./doing sth.）热衷于，坚决要做peer vi. 仔细看，费力地看，凝视urgently ad.urgent a.紧迫的；急迫的pistol n.手枪decade n.十年（期）someday adv.将来某一天；总有一天on the side作为兼职；秘密地foundry n.铸造车间；铸造厂hunter n.狩猎者；猎人capture n.抓捕，捕获chilly a.寒飕飕的，冷的fugitive▲n.逃亡者watchman n.看守人；警卫员spot vt.看出；辨认；发现helplessly ad.无能为力地helpless a.pursure n.追赶者，追捕者close in（on/around）接近；包围hurriedly ad.仓促地；匆忙地wagon n.四轮运货马车（或牛车）leg n.一段行程motivate vt. 使产生动机，激起religious a.宗教的，宗教上的conviction n.（基督教）贵格会教徒，公谊会教徒Bible n.（基督教）《圣经》bid vt.吩咐；告诉clothe vt.供给…衣服；给…穿衣服naked★ a.裸体的，赤条条的refuge★n.避难所；庇护（所）shelter vt. 给…提供庇护处；保护n.遮蔽，庇护；遮蔽物，庇护物converge★vi.会合；集中terminal n.（铁路、公共汽车等的）终点；（计算机系统的）端机threat n.恐吓；威胁magistrate★n.地方行政官，执法官impose vt.把…强加于jail n.监狱Methodist a.循道宗（信徒）的imprison★vt.关押，监禁；束缚log n.观察记录stripe n. 鞭打；抽打as for至于cake vt.覆盖bonnet n.（有带）女帽veil n.面纱；面罩runaway a.，n.（person）逃跑的（人）disguise vt.假扮，伪装procession n. 行列，队伍abolish vt.废除（法律、习俗等）virgin★ a.未开发的n.处女harshly ad. 严厉地，苛刻地harsh a.make the best of 尽量利用，充分利用diligently ad.勤奋地diligent★ a.compel vt.强迫；强求plantation n.种植园salvation★n. 拯救，解救at risk有危险；冒风险in the eyes of 在（某人）看来pass for被看作；被当做colonel▲n. （美国陆、空军及海军陆战队的）上校。
全新版大学英语综合教程3 unit2 exercises
ExercisesDirections: Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below, change the form if necessary. (P44)terminal impose racial conviction bid authorize historic site mission decade on the side slender make the best of religious close in on web1. China's economic success over the past three has raised the living standards of hundreds of millions of Chinese citizens.2.Citibank(花旗银行) picked the chief executive of Etang. com as its first Chinese customer Thursday to open an account at its new branch in the Peace Hotel along Shanghai's fabled waterfront.3.The United States last Wednesday tariffs(关税)of up to 30 percent on a range of foreign steel imports to help protect its domestic(国内的)industry.4.Although he was raised as a Christian, he's not really very .5.You can distinguish between frogs and toads（蟾蜍）in the following way: frogs have bodies, long limbs, and a smooth skin, and toads have stouter bodies, short limbs, and dry skin.6.From the airplane window I could see a of city streets.7.Aunt Pat smiled at her little niece and her to eat.8.Dr. Rich Hamilton is planning his own World Wide Web on theInternet to provide assistance to anyone who asks for medical help.9.It is difficult to estimate the number of people doing part-time jobs.10.The president has his foreign minister, Mr. Burns, to act as representative to the international conference to be held in Tokyo nextmonth.11.Advances in telecommunications have meant that it is just as easy to work from a computer at home as it is from a town center office.12.Until the new gym is built, you have no option but toexisting buildings which may or may not suit your immediate requirements.Directions: use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb to replace the italicized part of each sentence .(P45)1.When she was younger, my mother experienced a depression so severe she had to be hospitalized. (go)2. The rest of them used to be really nasty(不友好的)to me，but Susie always defended and supported me. (stand)3. The local government established strict rules and regulations to be followed by all soccer fans in the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea. (lay)4.Tim was quite unhappy about having to undertake all the householdchores when his wife went out to work. (take)5. Sterling promised to be in the school library by eight o'clock but it looks like he’s disappointed us again. (let)6. My professor suggested that I make use of the data accumulatedover the years when I work on my project. (draw)7. The problems we are confronted with belong to two categories:one is financial, the other is technical. (fall)8. Children's toy guns now look so real that they can often be takenfor the real thing. (pass)Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.(P46)1.The Europeans have full confidence that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry. (confident)The Europeans _____________________________________________.2.Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural thinks that Clinton is the most talented politician of his generationand the most compelling. (in the eyes of)Clinton is, _____________________________________________.3.There’s not much you can do if people are really determined to destroy themselves with drugs. (be intent on)There's not much you can do if _________________________________.4.A completely different approach to life could result from a different experience of the world. (forge)A different experience of the world _____________________.5.We firmly believe that the cloning(克隆)of human beings is boundto cause many ethical and social problems in the long run. (conviction)It _____________________________________________. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. (P49) friendly lonely monthly weekly lovelycowardly saintly kindly lively motherly1. Beethoven was and often unhappy, but in contrast to this, he wrote joyful music，such as his last symphony (交响乐), The Ninth.2. Japanese engineers throughout the company appreciated their America-n counterpart(对应的人) George’ s expertise and his help.3. The term"wage"is commonly reserved for weekly , and salary for payment and both types are covered by the term “pay”.4. With the unanimous(一致的) agreement of our family，we finally spent ＄500，000 purchasing a big house with a biggarden out the back.5. Those who refused to fight in the war were consideredand were badly treated.6. The boy was rescued by a fisherman, who nursed him back to health.7. What we need for this job is someone with a andenquiring mind who will have lots of new ideas.8. She took care of many homeless children in a manner. Translation(p51)1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程3Unit2课件
1776 -- Declaration of Independence The Continental Congress asserts “that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States”. 1783 -- American Revolution Ends Britain and the infant United States sign the Peace of Paris treaty. 1808 -- United States Bans Slave Trade Importing African slaves is outlawed, but smuggling continues. 1860 -- Abraham Lincoln Elected Abraham Lincoln of Illinois becomes the first Republican to win the United States Presidency.
New York
North Carolina
Tennessee Texas Utah
North Dakota
Arkansas
California
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Montana
Ohio
Oklahoma
Vermont
Virginia
Colorado
Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii
Christian （3）
Moses(摩西): one of the characters in
大学体验英语第三册电子教案(第二版)unit2-Data bank for class design-B3_U2_G-P
Chen Ning Yang, 1922–, American physicist, b. China, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1948. Chen-ning Yang was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, N.J. from 1949 to 1955, and a professor of physics there from 1955 to 1965. In 1965 he was appointed Albert Einstein Professor of Physics of the State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook.
He is known for his researches in statistical mechanics and particle physics. With American physicist T. D. Lee he shared the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for research refuting the law of parity, which stated that, at the subatomic level, nature does not distinguish between left-and righthanded configurations: if a nuclear reaction or decay occurs in nature, then so does its mirror image and with equal frequency.
Unit 2 Group project
全新版大学英语(第二版)听说教程2-unit3电子教案PPT课件
Unit 3 Weather
Pre-listening Tasks
Listening Tasks
Language Focus
Pair Work
Speaking Tasks
Additional Question for Discussion
Do you think it is possible or impossible to give accurate weather forecasts?
Unit 3 Weather
Pre-listening Tasks
Listening Tasks
Language Focus
Pair Work
Speaking Tasks
• It’s going to be a cold day with damaging northwesterly winds / hot and humid day with a high of 36 degrees Centigrade.
Unit 3 Weather
Listening Strategy
2. a. When did the storm start and how long did it last? I_t_s_t_a__r_t_e_d__a__r_o_u_n__d__8__p_._m___._a__n_d__l_a_s_t_e__d__f_o_r__a_b__o_u_t__t_h_r_e__e__
• It’s fine / sunny / warm / rainy / cloudy / snowy / windy / freezing / foggy / dry / chilly today.
• The air is close / oppressive. • A storm is coming up / building up / in the making. • It’s raining off and on / cats and dogs. • The rain / snow has stopped / let up. • It’s going to cloud over.
全新版大学英语综合教程第三册教案 Unit 2
Unit 2Civil Right HeroesⅠ. Teaching PlanStudents will be able to:1.understand the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the Underground Railroad);2.learn to use library resources and other resources for information;3.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.Principles: stimulating, motivating, facilitating, enablingTask–based: reading, writing, discussing, practicing, commenting, criticizing, evaluating, recreating, investigating, searching for resources, case studying, presentingand demonstrating, deducting, inducting, etc.1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recording: (5 minutes)—What are the special contributions of Abraham, John and Martin to the Americans? (They all advocated black civil rights.)—How did they die? (They were all assassinated.)2. Knowledge of American geography (10 minutes)1)T brings a map of the USA to class, hangs it in the front of the classroom.2)T explains that the USA was divided after the Abolition Act (废除黑奴制法案): the NorthernStates supported it, while the Southern States disapproved of it.3)T circles out the Southern States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia) and the Deep South states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and eastern Texas) on the map.4)Ss scan the text to find out all place names (Dresden Ontario, Ripley Ohio, Ohio River, Kentucky,North Carolina, New Port Indiana, Maryland, Cincinnati, Buffalo N.Y., Niagara River) and locate them on the map. T may invite Ss to come up to the map and trace the Hensons’ escape route(i.e., the last section of the text) on it.3. Knowledge of Christianity (10 minutes)1)T explains that, for historical reasons, many black slaves believed in Christianity, like Uncle Tomin Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Therefore, in black writings there are frequent references to Christianity.2)T writes down the following vocabulary items on the blackboard: the Creator, anAfrican-American Moses, Quaker, Bible, Methodist minister, Bethlehem, salvation.3)Ss self-study their meanings by reading the New Words and Expressions and Proper Namessections following the text.4) T checks Ss’ understanding and, if necessary, gives further guidance (see Text Analysis).4.Out-of-class research projects: T guides Ss through Writing Strategy, then tells them to form groupsto research into the discussion questions in Part IV: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks by using library resources, the Internet and other resources. Each group member may focus on only one discussion question. They will share findings in a later class. (9 minutes)5.Ss do Cloze B to get a better understanding of the Underground Railroad. (15 minutes)1.Ss scan the text to see if there is any natural division between parts of the text. (There is a blank linebetween each part.) (2 minutes)2.T explains the key language points in Part I and gives Ss practice (see Language Study).(10minutes)3.Ss sum up the main idea of this part (see Text Organization Exercise 1),then identify thesentence which connects this part with the following parts, (last sentence in Para 5—“I was intent on telling their stories.”) (3 minutes)4.T explains the key language points in Part II and gives Ss practice (see Language Study).(15minutes)5.Ss sum up the main idea of this part (see Text Organization Exercise 2). (3 minutes)6.T explains the key language points in Part III and gives Ss practice (see Language Study).(151. 1) Ss form groups to discuss the following questions:—Among so many participants of the Underground Railroad, why were John Parker, Levi Coffin and Henson chosen as their representatives? Who do they each represent?—We learn about Henson in Part I, then why is his story delayed until the last part?—Why does the author sometimes quote directly from characters in the stories?(The answers to these questions are discussed below in Text Analysis.)2) Some Ss group report discussion results to class (see Text Analysis). (20 minutes)2.T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (20 minutes)3.T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B). (3 minutes)4.Ss do Part IV: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks by drawing on their out-of-class researchproject. (1 period)5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit: (2 minutes)1)do the pre-reading task;2)preview Text A.Ⅱ.Text AnalysisWhen we learn a foreign language, we must also learn the culture of the speakers of that language. Text A in this unit is a good case in point. Readers need some basic knowledge of Christianity. Some terms in this text are markedly Christi an, like “Methodist Minister”, “Bible”, “Quaker”. Others refer to characters or places from Biblical stories, such as Moses who led the Jewish people out of slavery in Egypt, or Bethlehem, a holy city for Christians.The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and the early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parker is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is abrave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad.We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text.Direct speech is more convincing than indirect speech, especially when it comes to expressing personal beliefs. For example, the text quotes Levi Coffin saying “The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.”On other occasions, direct speech makes a story more vivid. For example, in the John Parker story, characters spoke short sentences to stress the urgency of the situation. For another example, Josiah Henson thre w himself to the ground and shouted to astonished onlookers: “Oh, no! Don’t you know? I’m free!” His joy affects us all.Ⅲ. Cultural Notes1. Freedom and rights: Freedom of the individual is considered one of the essential features of westerncivilization, which is itself sometimes called the Free World. This freedom is often expressed in terms of rights to do certain things or to be treated in a particular way. When a person does something that others think strange, British and American people will often say, “It’s a free country,” meaning that although they disagree with the choice they recognize the other person’s right t o make it.Americans sometimes call the US the “land of the free”, a phrase taken from its national anthem. British people have always strongly defended their freedom. Fear that they will lose the freedom to decide their own future is behind many people’s lack of enthusiasm for European unity.In Britain and the US the most basic rights include freedom of expression ( = freedom to say or write anything), freedom of choice (=freedom to make decisions about your own life) and freedom of worship (=freedom to practice any religion).2. the civil rights movement: (in the US) the national campaign by African-Americans for equal rights,especially in the 1950s and 1960s. The campaign included boycotts ( = refusals to buy particular products), the actions of freedom riders, and in 1963 a march to Washington led by Martin Luther King.It succeeded in causing the introduction of bussing and affirmative action. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the V oting Rights Act of 1965 were also introduced as a result of the civil rights movement, which has helped to change the attitudes of many white Americans.3. the Civil Rights Act of 1964: the US law that forced the southern states to allow African-Americansto enter restaurants, hotels, etc. which had been reserved for white people only and to end the practice of having separate areas for black and white people in theatres, train stations, buses, etc. The act was mostly the result of the civil rights movement and was strongly supported by President Lyndon Johnson.It was followed the next year by the V oting Rights Act.4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin: a novel (1852) by the US writer Harriet Beecher Stowe which increased support forthe movement to free slaves. It is about a kind slave called Tom who is badly treated and finally killed by Simon Legree. Tom’s daughter Little Eva also dies, and another well-known character in the novel is the slave child Topsy. The name Uncle Tom is sometimes used as an insult to describe an African-American who has too much respect for white people.5. the Underground Railroad: a secret system used in the US before the Civil War for helpingthousands of slaves to escape to the free northern states or Canada. The slaves were called “passengers”, the people who helped them were “conductors”, and the slaves hid in “stations” (safe houses) along the way.6. Slavery: Slavery played a particularly important role in the history of the US.The first slaves were taken to North America from Africa by the Dutch in 1619. By the time of the American Revolution (1775) there were 500 000 slaves, mostly in the South. After the Revolution the northern states made slavery illegal but the South needed cheap labor for the cotton plantations.Gradually the South’s economy became dependent on slaves and by 1860, the year before the Civil War, there were about 4 million slaves.Conflict between the North and the South increased, and it became clear that supporters and opponents of slavery could not continue to be part of the same country. In 1861 the slave states left the US and formed their own government. This was the beginning of the Civil War.After the North won the Civil War and brought the southern states back into the US, slavery was ended.But little changed for former slaves. Some moved to the North but there were not enough jobs there and many suffered prejudice from Whites. Those that stayed in the South often worked on the plantations where they had been slaves. They were paid for their work, but had to buy food and clothes. Many had to stay there trying to pay off debts which became larger each year.7. Bill Clinton (1946- ): the 42nd US President, elected in 1992 and 1996. He is a Democrat and waspreviously the governor of Arkansas. The US economy improved under Clinton, and the North American Free Trade Agreement has been signed. His successes in helping to achieve world peace include the Camp David Agreement for the Near East and the Dayton Agreement to end the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His wife Hillary (1947- ) tried without success to improve the US health system.In 1998 President Clinton admitted that he had had a sexual relationship with Monica Lewinsky, a junior member of the White House staff, after denying it earlier. He was impeached for lying under oath and obstructing justice, but the Senate judged him not guilty.8.Quaker: any member of the Society of Friends, a religious group established in England in the 1650s byGeorge Fox. They were originally called Quakers because members were thought to “quake” or shake with religious excitement. Quakers worship Christ without any formal ceremony or fixed beliefs, and their meetings often involve silent thought or prayer. They are strongly opposed to violence and war, and are active in education and charity work.9.Grand Central Terminal: the best-known railway station in the US. It is on East 42nd Street in New Y orkand was completed in 1913 in the American Beaux Arts style. The main area is very large, and the trainsenter and leave the station on 123 tracks, arranged on two levels. The station is often very crowded: You can’t move in there—it’s like Grand Central Station!10.Methodist: a member of the Methodist Church, the largest of the Protestant Free Churches in Britain andthe US. It was established in 1739 by John Wesley as part of the Church of England but it became separate from it in 1795. It was introduced into the US in the 18th century and today has over 50 million members around the world. It emphasized the importance of moral issues, both personal and social.11.the Deep South: the most southern states of the south-east US: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,Mississippi, South Carolina and eastern Texas. They are among the states that once had slaves and left the Union during the Civil War. They still have racial problems and the people there are mostly conservative in their politics and religion.Ⅳ. Language Study1. slender: (of people) slim; not very wide but comparatively long or highExamples: Although her face was quite plain, she had long, slender expressive hands, like a concert pianist. King crabs have long, slender legs, with a span over 1 meter (3 feet).2. settlement: a place where people have come to settleExamples: Manhattan was the site of the original Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam.These tools were found in an early Iron Age settlement.3. confident:feeling or showing trust in oneself or one’s ability (usu. followed by about/of/that clause)Examples: Michael was confident that he would be enrolled by Harvard University.The more familiar you are with this machine, the more confident you will be about using it.The soccer team is quite confident of being able to win this important game.4. give up: abandon an attempt to do sth.Examples: He’s given up smoking since his illness.The rescue team had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive. She was workingpart-time but she suddenly gave up.5. ironically: it seems ironic (that)Examples: Ironically the widespread use of antibiotics seems to be causing a lot of unexpected health problems.Ironically it is often the poorer people who give the most.6. racial: relating to a person’s race, or to different races of peopleExamples: Slavery is closely associated with racial prejudice, the belief that one race is superior to another.Mandela was elected President in South Africa’s first multi-racial elections, held in 1994.7. stand up (for sb./sth.): speak, work, etc. in favour of sb./sth.; support sb./sth.Examples: You have to be prepared to stand up for the things you believe in.Don’t be afraid to stand up for yourself.8. historic: famous or important in historyExamples: In his book, Churchill recalls that historic first meeting with Roosevelt.More money is needed for the preservation of historic buildings and monuments.Cf: historicalExamples: Historical people, situations, or things existed in the past and are considered to be a part of history.Many historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.9. site: place where a building, town, etc. was, is, or will be situatedExamples: The local government h asn’t yet chosen the site for the new skyscraper.There are many archaeological sites in southern England. This monument marks the site ofthe battle.10. mission: particular task or duty undertaken by an individual or a groupExamples: Some delegates were immediately sent to Israel. Their mission was to negotiate a ceasefire.The five young people have been on a mission to help the Cambodians.11. forge: (fig) create by means of much hard workExamples: The two countries agreed to forge closer economic ties.She forged a new career for herself as a singer.12. underground: in or into secrecy or hidingExamples: His mother took him to Hong Kong where she worked in the underground communist movement.For about thirty years the African National Congress (ANC) operated as an undergroundorganization.13. web:network of fine threads spun by a spider or some other spinning creature; complex series ornetworkExamples: The little boy was frightened by the spider’s web in the window.Many commercial and public organizations now have their own Web site and publish a“home page”, giving information about the organization.Every day thousands of web surfers flock to this popular site, posting messages.14. liberate: set freeExamples: The new Afghan government is trying to liberate its people from poverty with international help.The troops’ aim is to liberate the country by the end of the year.15. authorize: give approval or permission for (sth.); give authority toExamples: The central government authorized $200 billion to construct new dams to generate cheap hydro-electric power.The President requested that Congress authorize the presence of US troops in the easternregion.He was obliged by the arguments of the Minister of Labour to authorize a 23 per centgeneral wage increase.16. exploit: brave or adventurous deed or actionExamples: The general’s wartime exploits were later made into a film and a television series.My grandfather entertained us with stories of wartime exploits.17. be intent on doing sth.: be eager and determined to do sth.Examples: Working day and night, Janet seems intent on breaking the record in the Guinness Book of Records.18. peer: look closely or carefully, esp. as if unable to see well (followed by at/through/into, etc.)Examples: Stephen had been peering at a computer printout that made no sense at all.Hawking was a typical grind, underweight and awkward and peering through eyeglasses. 19. decade: period of ten yearsExamples: Many countries were involved in Antarctic exploration during the first decades of the 20th century.Education budgets have been increased over the last decade in China.20. on the side: as an additional job or source of income; secretlyExamples: Some teachers have to find ways of making some money on the side.In order to earn enough money to send his children to school, he makes a little moneyon the side by cleaning windows in his spare time.21. capture: capturing or being capturedExamples: Rebel forces captured the city after a week-long battle.Some of the terrorists who were involved in the 9.11 event were captured by the FBI. 22. close in (on / around): come near to, esp. in order to attack from several directions; surroundExamples: At one time Peter took part in the capture of three thieves.The International Whaling Commission permits the capture of only 400 whales annuallyfor scientific purposes.vt. Examples: Hitler committed suicide as Soviet forces were closing in on Berlin.Right after the suicide explosion, Israeli troops began to close in on the Palestinian city. 23. painful: causing pain; hurtingExamples: Symptoms of pneumonia include painful cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, rapid breathing and chest pain.The old photograph brought back painful memories of his childhood.24. religious: of religionExamples: Daoism (Taoism) is one of the three main Chinese religious and philosophical traditions, the others being Confucianism and Buddhism.The local government wants to increase the amount of religious education in schools.25. conviction: firm opinion or beliefExamples: The old woman had a firm conviction that there would be a better life after death.It is her personal conviction that all corruption should be exposed and dealt with accordingto relevant laws.26. terminal: (building at the) end of a railway line, bus route, etc.; a piece of equipment, usu. consistingof a keyboard and a screen, that connects the user with a computer systemExamples: Most large airports have shops, restaurants, and banks in the terminal building, plus special lounges for departing passengers. All staff have terminals attached to the company’s main computer.27. impose: 1) place a (penalty, tax, etc.) officially on sb./ sth.Examples: The government has made a decision to impose a further tax on wines and spirits.The local government tried to impose fines on the factories which poured untreated wasteinto the river.2) try to make sb. accept (an opinion or a belief)Examples: I wouldn’t want to impose my religious convictions on anyone.It may not be wise for parents to impose their own tastes on their children.28.as for: with regard toExamples: As for your request for a free sample, we will send it to you in about ten days.Some people ha ve complained, but as for me I’m perfectly satisfied with the work ingconditions here.29. transport: take sth. / sb. from one place to another in a vehicleExamples: Reducing the costs of transporting natural resources to production sites is one of the key factors in economic competition.Pipelines are used mainly to transport liquids or gases over long distances.30. disguise: give sb./sth. a false appearance (used in the pattern disguise sb/sth. as)Examples: She disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield.Jack escaped across the border disguised as a Catholic priest.31. abolish: end the existence of (a law, custom, system, etc.)Examples: Slavery was not finally abolished in the British Empire until 1833.Their mission is to abolish the global fur industry permanently by utilizing appropriate legaland non-violent methods.32. make the best of: accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and try to manage as well as you canExamples: I know it’s cold and raining but we’re here now, so let’s just make the best of it.The living conditions in the village were very poor, but we had to make the best of it.33. compel: make (sb.) do sth.; forceExamples: In the past children were frequently compelled to work from an early age.A large debt burden compelled many developing countries to undertake stabilization andadjustment policies.34. at risk: threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc.; in dangerExamples: It is reported that some areas in the west are at high risk of desertification.The buildings in the slum tend to be overcrowded, inadequately served by water and at riskfrom fire.35. starve: (cause a person or an animal to) suffer severely or die from hungerExamples: Some people starved to death during the long drought.Children in the developed countries are living a happy life, while many African childrenare starving.36. in the eyes of: in the opinion ofExamples: In the eyes of his students, Richard is a sensible and reliable teacher.In the eyes of my parent, I am still a young person although I am already in my thirties.37. pass for: appear like; be accepted or looked upon as (same as pass as)Examples: He speaks American English well enough to pass for an American.My younger sister really wants to go and see the film, but I don’t think she’d pass for 18.。