2019数学建模比赛的论文写作
大学生数学建模竞赛”的论文写作
大学生数学建模竞赛”的论文写作“大学生数学建模竞赛”的论文的写作是直接关系到参赛队伍成绩的一个重要环节．即使不谈名誉，一个人如果无法将自己的想法向别人表达清楚，多么好的想法也是徒劳!因为无法推广，无法将其转为生产力．所以参加竞赛的学生的语言能力和表达能力显得很重要．在写论文的时候，要注意语言的逻辑性和准确性、语言的简洁性和针对性、语言的生动性和形象性．通常情况下，数学建模优秀论文的写作，应包括以下几方面：1．摘要这是论文最关键的部分，应该将论文创新的、最独特的、最精彩的、最大的优点在此用扼要简明的语言表达出来，要反映出整个论文的主要思想、特点、方法以及主要结果．让阅卷专家易明白、易接受，最好有新意吸引他们的注意力．摘要不宜过长，一般以300—400字较佳，应讲清楚以下几个方面的问题：①本论文要解决什么问题?⑦建立什么样的数学模型?③针对题目的要求，你是如何解决的?(可列表)①计算、分析、检验的结果如何?(要有具体数据)2．问题的重述这是对原题目(实际问题)进行分析、研究，找出所有相关的因素(定量的或定性的)，分清主次，丢弃一些与问题关系不太大的次要因素，分清哪些是输入变量，哪些是输出变量，如有可能还可以找出各因素间的一些简单关系式．然后，用数学语言将实际问题转化为数学问题表达出来．重述时要解释问题的背景，建模的目的、目标要明确．要记住你的目标与所得的结论要相适应．3．问题的分析这里对原命题的主要方面、复杂方面进行分析，抓住要点，选取主因素计入模型．讲明解决问题的思路，阐明建模的依据，讲清楚所采取的方法、算法及其合理性．4．模型的假设假设的目的在于选出主要因素，忽略非本质的因素，抓住问题的本质，使实际问题简化以便进行数学描述．假设一定要合理，不要为了使问题简单扼要、模型形式上简单明了而脱离实际．另一方面，要考虑假设对所研究对象进行近似，使之满足建模所用数学方法必需的前提条件，为建模的合理性提供依据．假设必须细致、清楚、合理．一个模型通常采用3—5条假设．5．符号定义及说明将建模过程中用到的符号给出定义或说明，以方便阅读及查阅．尽可能使用数学上对应的常用符号，符号不宜过多、过繁．6．模型的建立与求解这是论文的主体部分，应占最大篇幅．首先要分析问题，不同性质的问题需要采用不同的数学方法加以解决，建立什么样的模型是由问题的本质决定的．同时阐明建模的依据，采用适当的数学方法进行模型设计，如优化模型、微分方程模型、统计分析模型等．用恰当的数学方法对实际问题进行抽象化描述后，可以编写计算机程序或运用各种软件包对模型进行求解，将采用的算法和计算的结果写清楚．7．模型结果的分析模型的结果是否具有实际意义或满足实际要求，有待于细致的分析，可以采用仿真、模拟和统计等进行分析是否与现实相符．8．模型的检验完成模型的设计及求解之后，需要对模型的各种性能作出评价，也就是对模型进行检验．一般有下面几种检验法．①稳定性和敏感度的分析．稳定性是指数学模型的结果对模型所依赖的数据是否具有较好的稳定性，这是模型广泛适用性的保证；敏感性是指各种参数(即与研究对象有关的因素)对数学模型结果影响的显著程度．⑦统计检验和误差分折．统计检验是指对残差(模型的计算结果与实验数据的偏差)的分布作统计分折．若残差服从正态分布N(0，r)，其中方差r很小，即表示模型与实际相一致．误差分折是指由于仪器或人为的因素而产生的误差使模型的结果有一定的不准确度，需要对结果的误差范围进行估计．③新旧模型的对比．数学建模即根据对实际问题的分析，提出新的模型或在原有一般模型的基础上加以改进．将新建的模型与原来的模型进行比较，判断新模型是否具有更大的合理性和优越‘性．9．模型的改进、推广及优缺点分析因为建立起来的模型是考虑主要因素，忽略次要因素．当把你认为的某些次要因素或者某些偶然因素也考虑进去加以改进模型，可能会更符合实际．模型的推广是针对模型的适用性而言的．一方面模型不应该对题中所给的数据结构有过多的依赖性，应是对问题本质的描述；另一方面是扩大模型的广泛适用性．模型优缺点分析是对所建立模型特性和本质的更深刻的认识．可以从模型的精确性、实用性及对各种实际因素的考虑等方面进行评价．10．参考文献将参考的主要文献摘录下来．11．附录可以放一些正文中要用到的细节，包括程序、雷同的内容、冗长重复的推理、各种图表以及另外一些值得说明的问题等．。
数学建模获奖论文模板范文
数学建模获奖论文模板范文在我国倡导素质教育的今天，数学建模受到的关注与日俱增，数学建模已经被应用于数学的教学中了。
下面是店铺为大家推荐的数学建模论文，供大家参考。
数学建模论文范文篇一：《高职院校数学建模竞赛的思考与建议》一、我校学生数学建模现状1.高职生的数学基础相当薄弱，学习习惯不好，然而数学知识理论性强，计算繁琐，并要求学生有足够的耐心和较强的理性思维能力，这就会让学生在学习数学相关知识时感觉有一定的难度。
而另一方面，高职院校的课时量在尽量压缩，数学应用方面的内容只是蜻蜓点水，根本无法广泛而深入的涉及到位。
例如，我校很多专业只开一个学期64课时的数学课，还有些专业甚至不开数学课，要建立一些比较高等的数学模型，高职学生的数学知识显然不够。
2.高职院校目前的教学方法多表现为填鸭式的教学法，过分强调严格的定理和抽象的逻辑思维，特别是运算技巧的训练讲得过于精细，考试形式单一。
对于高职生来说，只要求他们会套用现成的公式及作一些简单的计算就行，但是目前的教学不能使学生发挥自己的主观能动性，也调动不了学生学习数学的兴趣。
3.目前我校只开设了一门数学方面的公共选修课《数学建模》，一共16次课，仅仅靠课堂上讲的内容让学生来参加数学建模竞赛远远不够，另外，学生又要同时兼顾其他专业课程，因此学习效果不好。
4.组织数学建模赛前培训的师资队伍理论薄弱，只靠一两个青年教师承担培训指导任务，缺乏参赛经验丰富的老教师。
5.我校学生参加数学建模的积极性不高，我校已经连续参加几年的数学建模竞赛，但最多的也就5个队，仍有多数学生称未听过有这项比赛，说明宣传不是很到位。
6.目前组队参赛的任务是交给基础部来完成，而基础部没有学生，这就会造成找队员困难的问题。
二、参加数学建模比赛的意义1.有利于培养学生综合解决问题的能力因为数学建模最后提交的成果是交一篇完整的论文，对于大多数学生来说，都是第一次，它可以提高学生如何把数学知识用到实际生活中的能力，提高学生合理利用网络查阅资料的能力，提高学生的创新意识和团队协作能力等。
数学建模竞赛论文写作方法
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数学建模竞赛论文的一般结构 数学建模竞赛论文的评判
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一、数学建模论文的一般结构
摘要 问题重述与分析 问题假设 符号说明 模型建立与求解 模型检验 结果分析 模型的进一步讨论 模型优缺点
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☻摘要 主要理解 主要方法 主要结果 主要特点 ☻问题重述与分析 —向导
1. 先要对问题进行全面分析，简明建模的依据。 2. 尽量采用成熟的数学方法和已有的模型。 3. 有时针对问题的具体情况，可以先建立简单的、 基本的模型，再作改进或修正。 4. 当然，也要注意应用新方法。”
—— 数模竞赛中建好数学模型之研究
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☻模型检验
稳定性检验 敏感性检验 误差分析
仿真检验
算法复杂度分析
4. 参加各种类型的数学建模竞赛或模拟赛 （校内赛，地区赛，全国赛，美国赛,…)
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CMCM—96A(最优捕鱼策略) 有的队假设产卵的过程服从正态分布，这样的假 设是可以的，但大大增加了问题的难度。在不失生 物学的真实的前提下，使模型的分析尽量简单的假 设应该是假设鱼群的个体在后四个月的第一天集中 一次产卵。
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结果的正确性 模型的正确性。
计算的正确性（方法、结果）。 例一：99年“自动化车床”，在计算刀具 发 生故障后的损失时未考虑条件概率，导致计算 错误。 例二：98年“投资组合策略”，使用均方风险 函数，违背题义要求。
好方法的结果一般比较好；但不一定是最好的
清晰性：摘要应理解为详细摘要，提纲挈领 表达严谨、简捷，思路清新 格式符合规范，严禁暴露身份
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CUMCM评阅标准: 一些常见问题
数学模型最好明确、合理、简洁： 有些论文不给出明确的模型，只是根据赛题的情况， 实际上是用“凑”的方法给出结果，虽然结果大致是 对 的，没有一般性，不是数学建模的正确思路。 有的论文过于简单，该交代的内容省略了，难以看懂
优秀的数学建模论文范文(通用8篇)
优秀的数学建模论文范文第1篇摘要：将数学建模思想融入高等数学的教学中来，是目前大学数学教育的重要教学方式。
建模思想的有效应用，不仅显著提高了学生应用数学模式解决实际问题的能力，还在培养大学生发散思维能力和综合素质方面起到重要作用。
本文试从当前高等数学教学现状着手，分析在高等数学中融入建模思想的重要性，并从教学实践中给出相应的教学方法，以期能给同行教师们一些帮助。
关键词：数学建模；高等数学；教学研究一、引言建模思想使高等数学教育的基础与本质。
从目前情况来看，将数学建模思想融入高等教学中的趋势越来越明显。
但是在实际的教学过程中，大部分高校的数学教育仍处在传统的理论知识简单传授阶段。
其教学成果与社会实践还是有脱节的现象存在，难以让学生学以致用，感受到应用数学在现实生活中的魅力，这种教学方式需要亟待改善。
二、高等数学教学现状高等数学是现在大学数学教育中的基础课程，也是一门必修的课程。
他能为其他理工科专业的学生提供很多种解题方式与解题思路，是很多专业，如自动化工程、机械工程、计算机、电气化等必不可少的基础课程。
同时，现实生活中也有很多方面都涉及高数的运算，如，银行理财基金的使用问题、彩票的概率计算问题等，从这些方面都可以看出人们不能仅仅把高数看成是一门学科而已，它还与日常生活各个方面有重要的联系。
但现在很多学校仍以应试教育为主，采取填鸭式教学方式，加上高数的教材并没有与时俱进，将其与生活的关系融入教材内，使学生无法意识到高数的重要性以及高数在日常生活中的魅力，因此产生排斥甚至对抗的心理，只是在临考前突击而已。
因此，对高数进行教学改革是十分有必要的，而且怎么改，怎么让学生发现高数的魅力，并积极主动学习高数也是作为教师所面临的一个重大问题。
三、将数学建模思想融入高等数学的重要性第一，能够激发学生学习高数的兴趣。
建模思想实际上是使用数学语言来对生活中的实际现象进行描述的过程。
把建模思想应用到高等数学的学习中，能够让学生们在日常生活中理解数学的实际应用状况与解决日常生活问题的方便性，让学生们了解到高数并不只是一门课程，而是整个日常生活的基础。
全国大学生数学建模竞赛及其论文的写法
全国大学生数学建模竞赛是由教育部高等教育司和中国工业与应用数学学会共同主办，面向全国高等院校所有专业、所有学生的一项大规模竞赛活动，每年九月的第三个周末举行一次。
自1994年举办首届以来，已经成功举办了14届，目前已经成为全国高等于院校中规模最大的课外科技活动。
竞赛组织形式为全国统一出题，采取通讯方式，由各赛区负责组织实施，一般每年9月的第三个周末的三天内举行(今年9月11-14号)。
大学生以队为单位参赛，每队3人，专业不限。
每队可设一名指导教师（或指导组），从事赛前辅导和参赛的组织工作。
竞赛采取开卷形式，学生可以查阅和利用各种图书资料、期刊杂志、计算机和软件、国际互联网等。
但竞赛期间不得与队外的任何人包括指导教师进行讨论和交流。
竞赛题目一般来源于工程技术和管理科学等方面经过适当简化加工的实际问题，不要求参赛者预先掌握深奥的数学专门知识，只需要学过普通高校的数学课程。
题目有较大的灵活性和开放性供参赛者发挥其创造能力。
本科组竞赛题目分A、B两题，专科组竞赛题目分C、D两题，供参赛者任选一题。
从近几年的题目来看，A、B两题中一般有一题是反映当前社会热点问题的，例如2003年的SARS问题建模，2008年北京奥运会临时超市网点设计建模等。
参赛者根据题目要求，撰写一篇包括模型假设、模型建立和求解、计算方法的设计和计算机实现、结果的分析和检验、模型的改进和评价等方面的论文（即答卷）。
数学建模竞赛评奖根据学生提交的论文，以“假设的合理性、建模的创造性、结果的正确性和文字表述的清晰性”为主要评价标准。
因此论文的撰写非常重要。
关于论文的格式、内容和撰写方法，详细介绍如下：1、题目论文题目是一篇论文给出的设计论文范围及水平的第一重要信息。
要求简短精练、高度概括、准确得体。
既要准确表达论文内容，恰当反映所研究的范围和深度，又要尽可能概括、精练。
论文题目一般应紧紧围绕问题A或B或C或D的内容，根据数学模型所使用的模型和方法，起一个恰如其分的名字，例如×××问题的优化模型，×××问题的数学模型，×××问题的预测与控制模型等。
2019数学建模美赛论文
2019MCM/ICMSummary Sheet (Your team's summary should be included as the first page of your electronic submission.)Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not includethe name of your school, advisor , or team members on this page.Ecosystems provide many natural processes to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment after human life. However, over the past decades, rapid industrial development and other anthropogenic activities have been limiting or removing ecosystem services. It is necessary to access the impact of human activities on biodiversity and environmental degradation.The main purpose of this work is to understand the true economic costs of land use projects when ecosystem services are considered. To this end, we propose an ecological service assessment model to perform a cost benefit analysis of land use development projects of varying sites, from small-scale community projects to large national projects. We mainly focus on the treatment cost of environmental pollution in land use from three aspects: air pollution, solid waste and water pollution. We collect pollution data nationwide from 2010 to 2015 to estimate economic costs. We visually analyze the change in economic costs over time via some charts. We also analyze how the economic cost changes with time by using linear regression method. We divide the data into small community projects data (living pollution data) and large natural data (industrial pollution data). Our results indicate that the economic costs of restoring economical services for different scales of land use are different. For small-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of living pollution is about 30 million every year in China. With the rapid development of technology, the cost is lower than past years. For large-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of industrial pollution is about 8 million, which is lower than cost of living pollution. Meanwhile the cost is trending down due to technology development. The theory developed here provides a sound foundation for effective decision making policies on land use projects.Key words: economic cost , ecosystem service, ecological service assesment model, pollution.Team Control Number For office use onlyFor office use only T1 ________________F1 ________________ T2 ________________F2 ________________ T3 ________________Problem Chosen F3 ________________ T4 ________________F4 ________________EContent1. Introduction (3)2. Variable Description (3)2.1 Definitions (3)3. Model Definitions and Results (4)3.1 2010-2015 Air Pollution Virtual Governance Cost (4)3.2 2010-2015 Solid Waste Virtual Governance Cost (8)3.3 2010-2015 Water Pollution Virtual Governance Cost (11)3.4 Total Governance Data Analysis (14)3.5 Model Analysis Over Time (15)4. Conclusions (16)4.1 Strengths (17)4.2 Weakness (17)4.3 Model Improvement (17)5. References (18)1.IntroductionToday, with the rapid development of social industrialization and modernization, one thing we must admit is that in the process of industrialization in different regions, countries and even the whole world, we are trying to maximize the economic benefits of limited development space, but at the same time, the impact of decision-making on the biosphere is also ignored.It is well known that the biosphere provides many natural processes to maintain healthy and sustainable human living environments, which are called ecosystem services. It not only provides food, medicine and raw materials for industrial and agricultural production, but also maintains the life support system that human beings rely on for survival and development. At present, the internationally recognized ecosystem service function classification system is a classification method proposed by MA working group. MA's ecosystem service classification system divides the main service function types into four function groups: product, rule, culture and support. Thus, the ecosystem service function is the foundation of human civilization and sustainable development.But as we use and update our environment, we may limit or eliminate ecosystem services. Although these activities seem insignificant, they do affect the ecosystem to some extent.Therefore, we introduce the virtual cost management method, which aims to evaluate the cost of environmental degradation by calculating the cost of pollution control. This allows for a comprehensive assessment of projects under construction, thus ensuring the resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services while utilizing land resources.To ensure the integrity and the sustainable development of ecological system is the premise and foundation of development, If we simply pursue the speed of development and neglect the pressure that construction activities bring to the ecosystem, will inevitably produce the bad consequences, we must protect our earth, because it is not only our planet, but also the planet of our descendants.2.Variable Description2.1 DefinitionsTo measure the cost of environmental degradation, we introduced the following variables:Virtual governance costs: The environmental degradation value calculated by the pollution loss method is called the environmental degradation cost, which refers to the various damages caused by the pollutants discharged in the production and consumption process to the environmental function, human health and crop yield under the current governance level.Environmental loss method: In the SEEA framework, pollution loss method refers to the environmental value assessment method based on damage. This method uses certain technical means and pollution loss investigation to calculate all kinds of damages caused by environmental pollution.Biodiversity: Refers to the variety of life in an ecosystem; all of the living organisms within a given area.Biosphere: The part of the Earth that is occupied by living organisms and generally includes the interaction between these organisms and their physical environment.Ecosystem: A subset of the biosphere that primarily focuses on the interaction between living things and their physical environment.Ecosystem Services: The many benefits and assets that humans receive freely from our natural environment and a fully functioning ecosystem.Environmental Degradation: The deterioration or compromise of the natural environment through consumption of assets either by natural processes or human activities.Mitigate: To make less severe, painful, or impactful.Valuation: Refers to the estimating or determining the current worth of something.3.Model Definitions and Results3.1 2010-2015 Air Pollution Virtual Governance CostThe natural gas use proportion c1,c2 and c3 are collectively recorded as c, the gas use amount d1,d2 and d3are collectively recorded as d, and the natural gas operation cost f1,f2 and f3 are collectively recorded as f.In the modeling process, it is assumed that the garbage disposal cost, gas operation cost and central heating operation cost will not change in the next few years.Urbanization is often accompanied by land development and utilization. Urban construction is inseparable from industrial construction and improvement of human living environment. In this process, the continuous development and utilization of land, or the construction of large factories, or the increase of communities and parks, has a certain impact on the local ecology. Factory waste emissions and gas consumption to a certain extent polluted the air, causing irreversible damage to the ecological environment.The impact of land development and utilization on the atmosphere is manifold. In large national projects such as industrial projects, we focus on the costs of sulphur dioxide emissions and dust emissions. In small-scale community projects such as community life, we mainly study the governance cost from the perspective of gas use, and establish an ecological service evaluation model related to air pollution.When considering the function of ecological services, we first study the economic cost of land development and utilization from the perspective of large-scale land development and utilization. Large-scale land development generally includes the establishment and relocation of large companies, the laying of pipelines nationwide, and the establishment of large state-owned enterprises. The construction of large chemical plants in land development produces polluting gases during the development process or after the plant is put into use. Among them, sulfur dioxide and dust emissions accounted for a large proportion. Let's use these two types of pollution as an example to calculate the economic cost.Collecting China's SO2 and dust emissions from 2010 to 2015:The unit cost of SO2 and dustIt should be noted that in the process of treatment, the exhaust gas can not be completely treated. The virtual removal rate of SO2 was a2=90%, and the virtual removal rate of dust was b2=97%. The cost of waste gas treatment should be calculated by virtual management method. It is that the total amount of emissions× virtual removal rate× unit governance cost.SO2 governance cost=a×a2×a1Dust governance cost=b×b2×b1The calculations above can be used to estimate the cost of governance. Governance cost=SO2 governance cost+ dust governance cost.Secondly, when considering the function of ecological services, the cost of land development and utilization is studied from the perspective of small-scale land development and utilization. The development and utilization of small-scale land generally includes the construction of roads, sewers, houses and Bridges. Let's take the development of land for residential areas as an example. When people live in communities, using natural gas for heating and living also pollutes the air. We mainly consider the impact of artificial gas, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas.Collecting data on gas use in urban areas of China from 2010 to 2015:Gas operating costs, urban population, urban gasification rate:The cost of domestic gas treatment is related to urban population, urban gas rate, gas consumption, various proportions of gas consumption, heating area and operating cost. We use hypothetical assumptions to define the cost of gas pollution control.Gas pollution control cost=∑（p −(1−q)×c ×d ×f ）3n=1+（s 1-s 2）×eWhere n=1 is artificial gas, n=2 is natural gas, and n=3 is liquefied petroleum gas. The following estimates of governance costs can be obtained by calculation:3.2 2010-2015 Solid Waste Virtual Governance CostIn the calculation process, we assume that the unit governance cost is the same, including the cost of general solid waste management, the cost of hazardous waste management, the cost of household garbage removal, the cost of sanitary landfill, and the cost of harmless incineration.In the process of land development and utilization, both large-scale land use and small-scale land use will inevitably produce solid waste.In the process of construction and normal use, large factories mainly produce general solid waste and hazardous waste. There are two ways to treat solid waste: storage and disposal. When calculating the cost of industrial solid waste treatment, we can start with the cost of waste storage and management and the cost of waste disposal.Collecting data on China's industrial solid waste treatment from 2010 to 2015:HS means hazardous waste storage HD means hazardous waste disposal The unit cost of industrial solid waste:According to the above data, the virtual governance method is used to calculatethe cost of large-scale land development and utilization when the ecological service function is considered.Virtual governance cost of industrial solid waste=virtual waste management cost of storage waste+ virtual governance cost of disposal wasteVirtual governance cost of storage waste=e1+e2Virtual governance cost of disposal waste=f1+f2e1=a× (b1-a1)e2=c× (d1-c1)f1=b×b1f2=d×d1The virtual governance cost of industrial solid waste can be obtained by calculation:When small-scale land is used for community construction, a certain amount of household garbage will be produced. There are many ways to deal with household garbage. When calculating the treatment cost, we mainly follow three treatment methods: cleaning, sanitary landfill and innocuous incineration.Collecting the amount of domestic garbage generated by Chinese Residents from 2010 to 2015:Domestic garbage unit treatment cost:Virtual governance cost of domestic garbage=x1+y1+z1x1=m×(z-x)y1=n×(y+ z)z1=r× zThe processing cost of domestic garbage can be obtained by calculation:3.3 2010-2015 Water Pollution Virtual Governance CostThe next section considers the cost of water pollution control for land use projects. Based on the above two treatment costs, we still choose the virtual treatment cost method to calculate the annual water pollution treatment cost from 2010 to 2015. By looking up relevant materials, we know that water pollution involves a wide range of fields, including planting, livestock and poultry breeding, industry, urban life and rurallife. However, due to the lack of systematic treatment of sewage in agricultural production, we only consider the cost of virtual pollutants in industry and urban life. Here, we consider the water pollution of small community projects as urban life water pollution, while large national projects are considered as industrial sector water pollution.Pollutants in industrial wastewater include COD, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum and heavy metals. Here we consider the virtual governance cost of four pollutants, then the calculation formula of the virtual governance cost of industrial enterprises is:The virtual governance cost of the industrial sector=∑(pollutant emissions× virtual governance costs per unit of pollutants× virtual removal rate of pollutants), the total virtual governance cost is the sum of the virtual governance costs of various pollutants.Virtual domestic wastewater treatment costs include virtual management cost of COD and ammonia nitrogen virtual governance cost, namely virtual wastewater treatment cost = ∑ (pollutant discharge unit pollutant of virtual management cost virtual pollutants removal rate), namely industrial COD discharge quantity A1, industrial ammonia nitrogen emissions B1, C1 oil discharge, heavy metal emissions D1, cities COD discharge E1 and ammonia nitrogen emissions for F1.The cost of treatment of each pollutant is:It should be noted that the virtual removal rate of pollutants is not 100%, the removal rate of COD is 80%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 50%, the removal rate of petroleum is 80%, and the removal rate of heavy metals is 50%. The annual emissions of various pollutants are:Table 20 the annual emissions of industrial pollutantIndustrial COD annual emissions/10,000 tons Industrialammonia nitrogen annual emissions /10,000 tonsAnnual oil emissions/ 10,000 tons Annual heavy metal emissions / ton2015 293.50 21.70 1.50 313.70 2014 311.30 23.20 1.60 333.70 2013 319.50 24.60 1.70 366.30 Table 19 The cost of treatment of each pollutantUnit COD governance cost 800/ton Unit ammonia nitrogen treatment cost 100/tonUnit oil treatment cost 500/ton Unit heavy metal treatment cost 1000/ton Unit cost statistics (assuming the cost is the same)Then calculated by the above data:Industrial COD Treatment Cost=A1*80%*800Industrial Ammonia Nitrogen Treatment Cost=B1*50%*100Petroleum treatment cost=C1*80%*500Heavy metal treatment cost=D1*90%*1000Urban COD Treatment Cost=E1*80%*800Urban Ammonia Nitrogen Treatment Cost=F1*50%*100 Virtual cost of industrial water pollution=industrial COD treatment cost+ industrial ammonia nitrogen treatment cost+ petroleum treatment cost+ heavy metal treatment cost, namely:Virtual cost of industrial water pollution=industrial COD treatment cost+ industrial ammonia nitrogen treatment cost+ petroleum treatment cost+ heavy metal treatment cost, namely:Table 23 virtual cost of urban water pollution3.4 Total Governance Data AnalysisBased on the above three data, we put the three aspects of governance cost together to form the time governance cost chart, as shown in the figure below:Chart 1 Industrial integrated virtual governance costThe cost of industrial governance in 2011 was relatively larger than that in 2010. However, after 2011, the cost of industrial governance began to decline. Compared with the cost of industrial pollution governance, the cost of living management was much higher. The trend is to increase, then decrease, then increase and then decrease. Overall, the cost of living treatment fluctuates between about 245 billion yuan. According to the overall data trend, we find that both the cost of industrial governance and the cost of living governance are decreasing year by year. The main reason for the decrease is that the negative impacts of land use decrease year by year, which also reflects the global increasing attention to the impact of human activities on ecosystem services.3.5 Model Analysis Over TimeFrom the above data, we use the linear regression method to calculate the trend of the model with time. For the industrial governance cost, we set the year=x, the governance cost(10000yuan)=y, and then use the regression line equation to calculate The coefficients a~, b~:Calculate a~=8000000 b~=-214213The relationship between x and y can be obtained as follows: y=-214213x+8000000, that is, the governance cost decreases with time, so the following trend graph can be obtained:Chart 3 industrial governance costy = -214213x + 80000006,600,000.006,800,000.007,000,000.007,200,000.007,400,000.007,600,000.007,800,000.008,000,000.008,200,000.008,400,000.0020112012201320142015Industrial governance cost chartFor the cost of urban life governance, it can be seen from the above data that the governance cost changes periodically with time. It is preferable to consider the trend of moving average to predict the future cost of governance. Let be the forecast of governance cost for the next year. The number of periods in which n is moving average;is the pre-treatment cost, and represent the actual values of the first three periods of the previous two periods until the first n periods, then:In summary, the trend graph of life governance costs over time can be obtained:Chart 4 Life governance costAs can be seen from the above figure, the cost of urban living governance changes periodically with time, but it is still decreasing.4.ConclusionsBased on our analysis, we draw the following conclusions:In the process of social construction, we must recognize the construction of economic society, the development of land use cannot be separated from the existence of ecosystem services and environmental sustainable development, but should be developed in parallel. Thus in the process of land development and utilization, we should pay attention to protecting the ecological environment and correctly assess the economic cost of land development projects.In the analysis process, we found that the environmental degradation cost of large-scale industrial project construction is declining year by year, and the environmental degradation cost of small-scale project construction is not particularly large each year, we can reasonably extrapolate the results, the decline in environmental degradation costs for large industrial projects may be due to the increased efficiency of industrial waste treatment, as well as the application of clean energy, and more non-high environmentally hazardous industrial projects to replace high environmentally hazardous industrial projects. The changing trend ofenvironmental degradation costs for small-scale project construction also reminds us of the need to find new and more economical ways to deal with domestic pollution.Based on the virtual governance cost analysis, we put forward the policy of open land use in the future: Improving the ecological environment, Promoting sustainable development, Ensuring the normal operation of ecological environment services. In the future land development and construction projects, we should pay more attention to the assessment of ecological services, so that the development and utilization rate of land tends to be highly rationalized.4.1 Strengths●The model simulates the annual virtual governance cost and makes the resultaccurate and reliable.●In selecting the samples, we selected China's annual data on pollution control.China is a representative country. Therefore, the sample is representative and persuasive.●In the measurement model, linear regression and moving average are used tosimplify the model and ensure the rationality of data. As a result, the entire model is relatively easy to implement.●The model is used to simulate the data obtained, and the change trend isrepresented by graph at last, so that the result is more clear.4.2 Weakness●The linear equation is used to simplify the model and make the result moreintuitive, but due to the unpredictability and diversity of some factors, the regression analysis is limited in some cases.●Due to the limited space, we only considered the three main factors for calculatingthe low cost of environmental degradation,which means that there are still some factors that will affect the correctness of the model we built.●We only analyzed the data for six years, which means our results may still beinaccurate.●In addition, our model simulates the situation that unit governance cost remainsunchanged, without taking into account the fact that scientific progress reduces unit governance cost. In fact, this is unscientific.4.3 Model ImprovementIn the construction of the model, we assume that the unit governance cost remains unchanged, but with the progress of science and technology, the pollution governance technology will certainly increase and the governance cost will also decrease, so if this important factor is not evaluated, it is not scientific to make themodel in real life. In addition, our consideration of the model still requires a lot of data to simulate, and we do not use enough data in the validation process. We also need to further add factors that may affect model evaluation to the models we build to make them more practical.5. References[1]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. China Environmental Statistics Annual Report [R] China Environmental Press, 2011[2]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. China Environmental Statistics Annual Report[R] China Environmental Press, 2012[3]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. China Environmental Statistics Annual Report[R] China Environmental Press, 2013[4]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. China Environmental Statistics Annual Report[R] China Environmental Press, 2014[5]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. China Environmental Statistics Annual Report[R] China Environmental Press, 2015[6]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. China Environmental Statistics Annual Report[R] China Environmental Press, 2016[7]Fang Yu,《China Environmental Economic Accounting Technical Guide》，[M],2009[8]Wupeng Du, Qingxian Gao, Enchen zhang, Qilong Miao, Jianguo Wu, The Emission Status and Composition Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste in China,[J],Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,(19)[9]Feng Cai, Gangcai Chen, Feng Peng, Qingling Yang, Shibo Zhao, Sishu Xian, Fei Wu, Quantitative assessment of eco-environmental damage based on virtual diaposal cost approach,[J],Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,(9)[10]National Bureau of Statistics: /[11]Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (MOHURD):/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/index.html。
数学建模论文模板
数学建模论文模板摘要正文要点如下（宋体小四号）：1、研究目的：对问题的简洁交代，用1~2句话说明原问题中要解决的问题，一般可根据参赛题目给出论断。
句型：本文研究XX问题。
2、建立模型思路：针对什么问题，从怎样的角度进行考虑的，考虑的关键因素是什么，是怎样处理的，建立了什么模型（在数学上属于什么类型），建模的思想，模型特点。
依次解释问题一/二/三的模型建立过程。
句型：首先，本文针对问题一的XX问题，对XX进行简化，利用XX知识建立了XX模型。
其次，针对问题二的……。
最后，针对问题三的……。
3、模型求解和结果：模型建立的思路想好之后，采取了怎样的算法对模型进行了实现。
前面建了几个模型，这里就有几个模型的求解。
（如利用Matlab 编程求解、用spss软件求解，利用拉普拉斯变换求解，用蒙特卡罗模拟求解等。
特别是求解有难度的模型要介绍求解方法。
）获得什么样的结果，可围绕题目要求综合给出关键结论，建议不要将问题所需结果全部给出，否则摘要显得太长。
句型：针对XX模型的求解，本文使用XX算法，计算出XX，并用XX工具求解出XX问题，进一步求解出XX结果。
针对XX模型……。
针对XX模型……。
4、建模特点：模型优缺点，创新之处，算法特点，模型检验，结果检验，灵敏度分析，稳定性分析等，推广性如何。
整体上讲，摘要一定要语句通顺，无错别字，交代简洁、清楚，具有层次感。
摘要最为关键，需最后从全局的高度进行写作，可花费半天到整晚的时间进行润色，最长不超过一页。
关键词（黑体不加粗小四号）：结合问题、方法、理论、概念等选择3至5关键词，相互之间用空格隔开。
01问题重述（黑体不加粗四号居中，下同）问题重述正文，内容要点如下：问题背景：结合时代、社会、民生等用自己的语言阐述问题背景。
要解决的问题：陈述自己对于问题的理解，是要解决怎样的问题。
注意：重述不是题目的完整拷贝，要根据自己的理解，用自己的语言清楚简明的阐述问题的背景、条件和要求。
数学建模论文写作模板
论文标题摘要内容要点：1、研究目的：本文研究……问题。
2、建立模型思路、：首先，本文……。
然后针对第一问……问题，本文建立……模型：在第一个……模型中，本文对哪些问题进行简化，利用什么知识建立了什么模型在第二个……模型中，本文对哪些问题进行简化，利用什么知识建立了什么模型3、求解思路，使用的方法、程序针对模型的求解，本文使用什么方法，计算出，并只用什么工具求解出什么问题，进一步求解出什么结果。
4、建模特点（模型优点，建模思想或方法，算法特点，结果检验，灵敏度分析，模型检验等）5、在模型的检验模型中，本文分别讨论了以上模型的精度和稳定性6、最后，本文通过改变，得出什么模型。
关键词：结合问题、方法、理论、概念等一、问题重述内容要点：1、问题背景：结合时代、社会、民生等2、需要解决的问题问题一：问题二：问题三：二、问题分析内容要点：什么问题、需要建立什么样的模型、用什么方法来求解三、模型假设与约定内容要点：1、根据题目中条件作出假设2、根据题目中要求作出假设写作要求：细致地分析实际问题，从大量的变量中筛选出最能表现问题本质的变量，并简化它们的关系。
将一些问题理想化、简单化。
1、论文中的假设要以严格、确切的数学语言来表达，使读者不致产生任何曲解2、所提出的假设确实是建立数学模型所必需的，与建立模型无关的假设只会扰乱读者的思考3、假设应验证其合理性。
假设的合理性可以从分析问题过程中得出，例如从问题的性质出发作出合乎常识的假设，或者由观察所给数据的图象，得到变量的函数形式，也可以参考其他资料由类推得到。
对于后者应指出参考文献的相关内容四、符号说明及名词定义内容要点：包括建立方程符号、及编程中用到的符号等五、模型建立内容要点：1、模型一2、模型二3、模型三对于每一个模型的建立，需要写出的内容：问题分析→公式推导→基本模型→最终或简化模型。
基本模型要有数学公式、方案等。
简化模型要明确说明简化思想、依据。
写作要点：数学建模面临的、要解决的是实际问题，不追求数学上：高（级）、深（刻）、难（度大）。
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1、摘要 2、问题重述 3、问题分析 4、模型假设 5、 符号表示 6、模型建立 7、模型求解 8、结果分析 9、模型的评价与推广 10、参考文献 11、附录
1.摘要——最后写，反复修改
摘要应该体现你用了什么方法，建立了什么模型，解决 了什么问题，得出了什么结论，还可作那些推广。
摘要包括： a.模型的数学归类；b.建模的思想；c.算法 思想；d.建模特点；e.主要结果。 （摘要写作水平直接决定一二三等奖，一定要慎重）。
2. 问题重述
• 所给赛题原文太长的需要我们进行精 简，在时间充裕情况下可以用自己的 话进行归纳总结，将问题背景和题目 分开陈述。
3.模型假设
• 假设一般分为以下几类： • （1）题目中给出的，或者可从题目中直接 确定的； • （2）为了简化问题，或者使模型简化，我 们在后续建模过程中提出的假设。
• 一般数学建模中采用数学软件（Matlab，Maple， Mathematic等）进行求解，其中MATLAB做图 是必备技能，在美赛中更为关键。另外一些专用 软件也可以学习，比如说解概率统计问题的SAS、 SPSS；解运筹优化问题的 Lingo等。 我们也可以采用不同的方法进行求解，这样可以 间接验证你所求结果的正确性。
11、附录
• 包括程序、数据等与竞赛相关的其他材 料）， • 应提供参赛者实际使用的软件名称、命令 和编写的全部计算机源程序（若有的话）。
6.模型建立
• 我们将实际问题抽象成数学公式进行表达，能 用公式表达的部分尽量用公式表达； • 我们面临的实际问题可能涉及较多的因素，我 们需要做的是将其中不太重要的因素进行简化， 一方面有利于模型的建立，另一方面便于问题 的求解； • 建议在时间允许的情况下，一个问题可以由多 个方法进行解决。
7.模型求解
• 模型结果表达尽量用一些漂亮美观的图表， 总而言之，能用彩色图的就不用黑白图， 能用三维图的就不用二维图，漂亮的图对 你的论文加分不少。
8.结果分析
• • • • 这部分应该做的工作主要有下面三点： A． 是否能用其他方式或方法解决。 B． 模型的优缺点分析。 C． 模型的误差分析或灵敏度分析。
4.符号说明
• 将论文通用的符号置于此处，不用把全部 符号放在这里。 • 注意：此处出现的符号，在后文建模过程 中出现时也要及时解释；在文中仅出现一 次的符号，只在后文用到的地方解释即可。
5.问题分析
• 问题分析体现的是我们对题目的分析过程，模之前写。
9.模型评价与推广
• 这部分文章又一亮点，对于整个论文的作 用在于画龙点睛。 • 另外，我们对问题的探讨与延拓方式是多 种多样的： • 可以把假设的条件适当放宽了来考虑问题； • 可以对你的算法做出改进等等。
10.参考文献
• A．书籍的表述方式为： [编号] 作者，书 名，出版地：出版社，出版年月。 • B．参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式 为： [编号] 作者，论文名，杂志名，卷期 号：起止页码，出版年。 • C．参考文献中网上资源的表述方式 为： [编号] 作者，资源标题，网址，访问 时间