自动化专业英语考试题与复习
自动化专业英语考试
参考译文 （注意：本定义仅适用于发射极是两个电路的公共端时——被称
为共发射极连接。）这是晶体管最常见的连接方式，但是，当然也存 在其它两种可选的连接方法—— 共基极连接和共集电极连接。但是 在每一种情况下晶体管的工作原理是相同的。 原文[8]
The particular advantage offered by this circuits is that a relatively small base current can control and instigate a very much larger collector current (or, more correctly, a small input power is capable of producing a much larger output power). In other words, the transistor works as an amplifier. 注释
注释
lead
引脚，导线
operate 操作，运行
参考译文
因此晶体管有三个区域，并从这三个区域引出三个管脚。要使工 作电路运行，晶体管需与两个外部电压或极性连接。其中一个外部电 压工作方式类似于二极管。 原文[5]
A transistor will, in fact, work as a diode by using just this connection and forgetting about the top half. An example is the substitution of a transistor for a diode as the detector in a simple radio. It will work just as well as a diode as it is working as a diode in this case. 注释
专业英语练习卷 A(答案)
《专业英语(自动化)》复习卷A卷一．Put the following words and phrases into English or chinese. (20*1=20)1．电路circuit 2．控制系统Control system 3．元件component 4．电压voltage 5．电流current 6．欧姆定律Ohm’s Low 7．开关switch 8．指针needle 9．螺丝刀Scrow driver 10．引脚pin 11．Strip条纹12．Intergrated circuit集成电路13．chip晶片14．sensor传感器15．maintenance维护16．actuator执行器17．joint关节18．servomotor伺服电机19．telerobot遥控机器人20．gripper夹爪二．C hoose one word from the word list below to fill in the blank in each of thefollowing sentences. (20*1=20)1)Digital 2)analog, 3)positive 4)common 5)a function switch 6)a range switch 7)extended ranges of voltage 8)dc and ac9)current 10) resistanceA multimeter is a general-purpose meter capable of measuring 8 voltage,9 , 10 , and in some cases, decibels. There are two types of meters: 2 using a standard meter movement with a needle (see Fig 3.1(a)), and , with an 1 electronic numerical display (see Fig 3.1(b)).Both types of meters have a 3 (+) jack and a 4 jack (-) for the test leads， 5 to select dc voltage, ac voltage, dc current, ac current, or ohms and 6 for accurate readings. The meters may also have other jacks to measure 7 (1 to 5 kV) and current (up to 10A) there are some variations to the functions used for specific meters.1)Resistance 2)placed across (in parallel) 3)be removed4)in series with 5)mechanical adjust 6)automatic indicator5)properly 8) test leads 9)correct 10)be openedBesides the function and range switches (sometimes they are in a single switch.) The analog meter may have a polarity switch to facilitate reversing the test leads. The needle usually has a screw for 5 to set it to zero and also a zero adjust control to compensate for weakening batteries when measuring 1 . An analog meter can read positive and negative voltage by simply reversing the 8 or moving the polarity switch. A digital meter usually has an 6 for polarity on its display.Meters must be 7connected to a circuit to ensure a 9 reading. A voltmeter is always 2 the circuit or component to be measured. When measuring current, the circuit must 10 and the meter inserted 4 the circuit or component to be measured. When measuring the resistance of a component in a circuit, the voltage to the circuit must 3 and the meter placed in parallel with the component.三.Read the following passage and answer the questions.（5*8=40）RobotsRobots produce mechanical motion that,in most cases,results in manipulation or locomotion.For example,industrial robots manipulate parts or tools to perform manufacturing tasks such as material handing,welding,spray painting,or assembly;automated guided vehicles are used for transporting materials in factories and warehouses.Telerobots provide astronauts with large mainipulators for remotely performing spacecraft maintenance.Robots perform repetitive,high-precision operations 24 hours a day without fatigue.Robots on this automobile assembly line weld body parts together.The General Motors corporation uses about 16,000 robots to weld,assemble,and paint automobiles.Walking robots explore active volcanoes.Mechanical characteristics for robots include degrees of freedom of movement,size and shape of the operatingspace,stiffness and strength of the structure ,lifting capacity,velocity ,and acceleration under load.Performance measures include repeatability and accuracy of positioning,speed,and freedom from vibration.A robot is made up of sensors,actuators,and computatlonal elements(a microprocessor).Actuators for moving joints of a robot are usually electric servomotors.In the past ,larger robots were built with hydraulic actuation due to their high payload capacity and ability to work in explosion-prone environments.In the 1990s,there was a trend by the major manufacturers to use electric actuators in most of their industrial robots.A robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.The key words are reprogrammable and multipurpose because most single-purpose machines do not meet these two requirements. The term “reprogrammable” implies two things: The robot operates according to a written program, and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks. The term “multipurpose” means that the robot can perform many different functions, depending on the program and tooling currently in use.Over the past two decades, the robot has been introduced into industry to perform many monotonous and often unsafe operations. Because robots can perform certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are being increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.1.What industrial robots can do for people?Industrial robots manipulate parts or tools to perform manufacturing tasks such as material handing,welding,spray painting,or assembly;automated guided vehicles are used for transporting materials in factories and warehouses.2.What are the advantages of robots?igue.Robots perform repetitive,high-precision operations 24 hours a day without fat3. What parts are made up of the robot?A robot is made up of sensors,actuators,and computatlonal elements(a microprocessor).4．What does t he term “reprogrammable” impl y?The term “reprogrammable”implies two things: The robot operates according to a written program, and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks.5.Why are robots widely used over the past two decades?Because robots can perform certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are being increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.四.Read the following passage and t ranslate the underlined phrases and sentences into Chinese.（5*4=20）Classification of Robots1.Industrial robots vary widely in size, shape, number of axes, degrees of freedom, and design configuration. Each factor influences the dimensions of the robot’s working envelope or the volume of space within which it can move and perform its designated task. A broader classification of robots can been described as below.Fixed-and Variable-Sequence Robots. The fixed-sequence robot (also called a pick-and place robot) is programmed for a specific sequence of operations. Its movements are from point to point, and the cycle is repeated continuously. 2.The variable-sequence robot can be programmed for a specific sequence of operations but can be reprogrammed to perform another sequence of operation.3.Playback Robot. An operator leads or walks the playback robot and its end effector through the desired path. The robot memorizes and records the path and sequence of motions and can repeat them continually without any further action or guidance by the operator.Numerically Controlled Robot. 4.The numerically controlled robot is programmed and operated much like a numerically controlled machine. The robot is servo-controlled by digital data, and its sequence of movements can be changed with relative ease.5.Intelligent Robot. The intelligent robot is capable of performing some of the functions and tasks carried out by human beings. It is equipped with a variety of sensors with visual and tactile capabilities.1. 工业机器人在尺寸、形状、轴的数量、自由度、设计构型等方面广泛的变化。
自动化专业英语试卷及答案
自动化专业英语试卷及答案第一篇：自动化专业英语试卷及答案2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案1.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric度量收敛方差随机等价动态方程判据、评价标准测量模型偏微分方程在概率意义上，依概率② Convergence③ Covariance④ Stochastic⑤ Equivalence⑥ Dynamic equation⑦ Criteria⑧ Measurement Model⑨ Partial derivative equation⑩ In the sense of probability2.Explain the following symbols in English① '' bmthe second order derivative ofb sub m, bdouble prime sub m②③④ A⇔BA is equivalent toapproaches aB xi→axi y∂y∂xxthe partial derivative ofwith respective toa⑤ ⎰b⑥ a‖b⑦⑧ 3=ffintegral between limits b to a a is parallel to the cube root of set aAbXaaA⊆X is contained in b d⑨ (a+b-c⨯d)÷edivided by ⑩ e plusminus c multiplied , allequals ∀ε,∃N,s.t ai→a as i→∞for any special ε, there is a respected N,such that aiapproachesaas i approaches∞二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese Paragraph A[8 Points]A subsetd(x,y)<MA⊆Xis said to be bounded if there existsx,y∈AM∈Rsuch thatfor all.The diameter of A is defined to besup{d(x,y)x,y∈A}.A bounded metric space is one for which X itself is bounded.Bounded intervals in R are bounded sets.A discrete metric space is bounded(take译文：一个子集Ad(x,y)<MM=1).⊆X被称为是有界的，如果存在Mx,y∈A∈R使得对所有x,y∈A有。
自动化专业英语复习资料
Translate the following sentences into Chinese。
(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。
For practical purposes，we need to know how muchpower an electric device can handle。
虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。
出于实用的目的，我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。
(3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。
任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。
(5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analogvalue are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255 。
Notice thatthe 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed inhexadecimal form。
自动化专业英语复习
infra-acoustic
infrahuman
Prefixes (8)
• in-:
非，无
不准确的
不稳定的 不变的 无机的
inaccurate
instability invariable inorganic
• micro-：小，微
microcomputer
微型计算机 微生物 显微镜
耐热的 带宽 流线型的 基岩 高耗电的 太空行走 水冷的 液态 阻燃的 网状物
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
heatband stream bed power space water liquid firenet
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.
• di-：二；二倍；二重；双；
dioxide
diode
二极管
三角形 三轮车
• tri-：三；三倍；
triangle
tricycle
quadri-: 四 hepta-: 七
quint-: 五
hexa-:六
Prefixes (5)
• deci-:
十分之一
分贝 分米
decibel (db)
geoscience
Prefixes (7)
• hydro-:
水；氢化的
水文学
碳氢化合物 水生生物学 水雷,鱼雷
hydrology
hydrocarbon hydrobiology hydrobomb
• Infra-：在下（部）；亚，低，外
infrared
红外线（的） 亚声的，亚音频的 类人动物
自动化专业外语复习资料
除 divided by 分数：
A 表示为A over B B
be equal to
等于（equals 也可以）
the value of the resistance（注意，不是 resistor）,电阻 值（或者说 resistance value） 同理： 电感值 电容值 深度值 the value of the inductance ( inductance value) the value of the capacitance ( capacitance value) the value of the depth ( depth value )
自动化专业英语 Specified English for Automation Unit 1 A：Electrical Networks 电路（电网络）
原文[1] An electrical circuit or network is composed of elements such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors connected together in some manner. 注：electrical circuit be composed of element manner resistor inductor capacitor 参考译文： 电路是由电阻、电感、电容等元件以某种方式相互联接所构 成的。 原文[2] If the network contains no energy sources, such as batteries or electrical generators, it is known as a passive network. 电路 由…组成、构成 元件，元器件 方式、方法 电阻 电感 电容
工业自动化专业英语复习资料
工业自动化专业英语复习资料Unit 10signal conditioner 信号调理器electric motor 电动机solenoid 螺线管electromechanically 机电地a solid-state device 含半导体的固体设备actuate solenoid valve 启动电磁阀cylinder 气缸sequential control system 顺序控制系统rinse 漂洗stepper motor 步进电动机servomotor 伺服电动机electric stove 电炉ceramic fiber 陶瓷on-off 开关式proportional（throttling）节流式to complicate matters 很复杂的是line specification 管线规格inlet pressure 入口压力differential pressure 差压flow characteristics of the valve 阀的流量特性linear，equal percentage，quick-opening 线性，等百分比，快开fail-safe mode故障安全模式fail-closed /open valve气关/开型bellow seals波纹管密封vendor 卖方，厂家threeway /angle/gate/diaphragm/pinch/rotary/ ball/ butterfly/ plug valve三通/角阀/闸阀/隔膜阀/夹管阀/旋钮阀/球阀/蝶阀/柱塞阀flanged/threaded /welded connections法兰连接/线接/焊接cast iron 铸铁cooling fins 散热片packing 填料deformable 变形的chemically inert 化学惰性leakage 泄露hydraulic actuator 液动执行机构pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构modulate 调制，调节vent 排放elastic 有弹性的Unit 11process modeling and system identification 过程建模和系统辨识mathematical model 数学模型input-output relationship 输入输出关系tremendous process 巨大的几步heat transfer coefficient 热传导系数chemical reaction rate 化学反应速率damping factor 阻尼系数optimal and adaptive control theories最优化和自适应控制理论time-varying parameter 时变参数communication channel probing 通信信道探测system and fault testing 系统和故障检测econometrics 计量经济学have long sought 一直寻求。
电气工程及其自动化期末考试资料(专升本)2020学年专升本大学英语III复习资料
Part I Choose a Chinese Expression in Column B for the word in Column A.(在B 组中结合A组中的单词找一个合适的中文解释) (每题1分，共15分)1．a llow A. 顾客2．o verseas B. 记得，记住3．c ompetition C. 便宜货4．m onth D. 接受5．r emember E. 餐馆，饭店6．i nformation F. 婚礼，结婚7．r estaurant G. 信息8．h elpful H. 目标，目的9．b argain I. 海外的10．textbook J. 机构，组织11．organization K. 教科书12．objective L. 允许13．accept M. 比赛，竞赛14．wedding N. 月份，一个月的时间15．customer O. 有帮助的，有益的Part II Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences (每题1分，共20分)Section A16.Young as she is, Mary is very good at difficult customers.A. handleB. handlingC. handledD. handles17. After explaining his plan in great detail, Bob _______ in main points in a few sentences.A. summarizedB. summarizeC. summarizingD. to summarize18. The doctor insisted that everything would be alright. , I cannot help worrying about the safety of the child.A. InsteadB. AndC. NeverthelessD. While19. After spending a year in Australia, the little girl has gained a good ______ of spoken English.A. dealB. workC. commandD. job20. Though she is nearly 65, Mary does not want to .A. marryB. retireC. workD. sleep21. Einstein once said: “is more important than than knowledge.A. imaginingB. imaginationC.to imagineD. imagination22. The government is taking effective measures to overcome difficulties.A. currentB. corruptC. consentD. content23. The houses in our are very expensive.A. neighborhoodB. neighbourC. neighborsD. nearby24. The result of every accident, however , is a rise in the cost of insurance.A. radicalB. rareC. reluctantD. minor25. He says you are the best candidate.A.by farB. by nowC. by the wayD. by means26. The boat , throwing the boys into the water.A. flow awayB. started awayC. departed forD. turned over27. , the fire was discovered soon after it had started.A. FortunatelyB. GenerallyC. CompletelyD. Absolutely28. all the effort, they did not succeed.A. InsteadB. WithC. In spite ofD. After29. “Is there anything in your personal life which would the party if it becamepublic?”A. disturbB. embarrassC. wakenD. involve30. Parents worry about the harmful ______ of TV violence on their children.A. infectB. affectC. effectD. insect31. I’d like to that students should be allowed more time for independent study.A. proposeB. commandC. arrangeD. steer32. It can be argued, for example, that teaching can be more effectively ifteacher and student taketheir appropriate roles.A. disciplinedB. handledC. accomplishedD. proposed33. A sign at our local church is in wood, with gold lettering, but the isalready fading after three years.A. productB. latterC. laterD. medal34. The river at its mouth where it meets the sea.A. broadensB. extendsC. becomesD. explores35. This new expressway the trip from the city to the capital.A. shortB. shorteningC. to shortenedD. shortenSection B16. Our English teacher takes part in the 800-meter race. Let’s________ him.A. look atB. Cheer forC. come onD. call on17. How many big colleges are there in this city? Let me ________.A. tryB. learnC. doD. count18. What kind of events are you good ________?A. atB. withC. onD. in19. There are two cars here. One is big, and ________ is small.A. anotherB. otherC. an otherD. the other20. He is very ________. He often comes first in shot putting.A. simpleB. strongC. strictD. small21. Look, Lily is on ________ track!A. fiveB. the fiveC. fifthD. the fifth22. Do you often go ________ in the seaA. swimB. swimmingC. swamD. swiming23. May I ask ________ is calling?A. whoB. whomC. sheD. he24. ________ does the plane arrive?A. WhenB. WhatC. WhereD. How25. _____________ will the journey take?A. How oftenB. How muchC. How longD. How about26. Jane has worked there _____________ five hours.A. forB. inC. atD. from27. I received a letter _____________ English.A. inB. toC. fromD. with28. What can I _____________ for you, Madam?A. didB. doneC. doesD. do29.Swimming and painting _____________ two of my special interests.A. areB. isC. wasD. has30. _____________ over the sea can get rather boring after a while.A. FlyB. FlyingC. FliesD. Flied31. Please _____________ me introduce my sister to you.A. giveB. haveC. letD. ask32. You should fill in this application _____________ very carefully.A. passportB. letterC. visaD. form33. _____________ to the Chinese Culture Club. You can learn Beijing opera here.A. ComingB. WelcomeC. Well comeD. Will come34. The monitor takes care _____________ the class.A. ofB. inC. atD. over35. The big tree _____________ a lot of red apples.A. bearsB. wearsC. growsD. takesPart III Reading Comprehension (每题共40 分)Section A Reading and Blank-filling(每题1分，共10分)Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet.I like the street market in the city center in this small American town. It often36. _____________ me of the open-air market in my hometown. The market is full of sounds. The music plays 37. _____________, and people are calling to their friends. There are lots of different 38. _____________, too--- fried onions, coffee and fresh bread. All kinds of things are for 39. _____________ there --- food and vegetables, shoes and dresses, CDs and clocks. And there are all kinds of people doing 40. _____________ things --- selling, buying, talking, eating, trying on clothes, and just walking around.I went there with my 41. _____________ friend Bill last Saturday afternoon. We walked through the 42. _____________ slowly, looking at this and that. Suddenly, when we turned a corner, we found the sky 43. _____________ with colored hands: blue, red, pink, yellow, 44._____________ and white. I was so surprised that I stopped short with my mouth open. But I soon smiled and took out my 45. ____________: --- What a wonderful view, with all those beautiful gloves dancing in the sun.Section B Reading in Depth (每题2分，共20分)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your choice on the Answer Sheet.第一部分Passage 1Some cities have planned their transportation systems for ear owners. That is what Los Angeles did. Los Angeles decided to build highways for cars rather than spending money on public transportation.This decision was suitable for Los Angeles. The city grew outward instead of upward. Los Angeles never built many tall apartment buildings. Instead, people live in houses with gardens.In Los Angeles, most people drive cars to work. And every car has to have a parking space. So many buildings where people work also have parking tots.Los Angeles also became a city without a Central Business District (CBD). If a city has a CBD, crowds of people rush into it every day to work. If people drive to work, they need lots of road space.So Los Angeles developed several business districts and built homes and other buildings in between the districts. This required more roads and parking spaces.Some people defend this growth pattern. They say Los Angeles is the city of the future.46. According to the passage, Los Angeles is a city where ______.A. there is no public transportation systemB. more money is spent on highways for carsC. more money is spent on public transportation systemsD. public transportation is more developed than in other cities47. "The city grew outward instead of upward" (Line 1, Para. 2) means ______.A. the city became more spread out instead of growing tallerB. there were fewer small houses than tall buildingsC. rapid development took place in the city centerD. many tall buildings could be found in the city48. According to the passage, if a city has several business districts, ______.A. people won't have to drive to work every dayB. there have to be more roads and parking spacesC. companies would be located in between the districtsD. there would be no need to build parking spaces within the districts49. According to the growth pattern of Los Angeles, homes were mainly built ______.A. in the city centerB. along the main roadsC. around business districtsD. within the business districts50. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the construction of parking spaces in Los AngelesB. the new growth pattern of the city of Los AngelesC. the public transportation system in Los AngelesD. the problem of traffic jams iii Los AngelesPassage 2What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations, and Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurementsare used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.51. What makes a scientist according to the passage? ________A. The tools he uses.B. The way he uses his tools.C. His ways of learning.D. The various tools he uses.52. The underlined part in the passage shows_______.A. the importance of informationB. the importance of thinkingC. the difference between scientists and ordinary peopleD. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs53. A sound scientific theory should be one that _________.A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the sameconditions at other timesB. does not allow any changes even under different conditionsC. can be used for many purposesD. leaves no room for improvement54. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate __________.A. that measurements are keys to success in scienceB. that accuracy of mathematicsC. that investigations are important in scienceD. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations55. What is the main idea of the passage? ________A. The theory of relativity.B. Exactness is the core of science.C. Scientists are different from ordinary people.D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.第二部分：Passage 1Perhaps you are going to finish school soon and, like many other students, youwant to further your study abroad. Here are some points you should remember if you intend to apply for a scholarship to study in the United States of America.First of all, you will have to ask for an application form, fill in the form with great care, and then send it in with a copy of your school records. After that, you will have to ask your teachers to write some letters of reference. You will also need to take some tests such as TOEFL and GRE. You may apply to several universities at the same time. Overseas students in the States are not allowed to work in their spare time except in the summer.46. This passage is taken from a book for _______.A. professors visiting AmericaB. people who are going to work in AmericaC. American students who are going to graduateD. those who want to study in American universities47. The passage is mainly about how to _____________A. get a jot.B. take TOEFL.C. write a resumeD. apply for a scholarship.48. What is the first step to take in applying to an American university?A. To send school records.B. To write to ask for an application form.C. To provide the TOEFL score report.D. To supply letters of reference.49. What else is needed to be sent with the application form?A. School records.B. TOEFL score reports.C. Reference letters.D. Work permit.50. Which of the following statements is true?A. Overseas students are allowed to work in their spare time in the United States.B. You don’t need reference letters for application.C. Summer is the time when foreign students can work in their spare time.D. You cannot apply to several universities at the same time in the United States. Passage 2As there are so many nationalities in American, people can find almost any kind of restaurants in most of the large cities. The telephone book lists restaurants for each city according to the name, area of the city, or kind of food. Restaurants in large cities vary greatly in price. Many restaurants put up their menus on the window, and you are not sure about how expensive the place is, ask to see a menu before you sit down at a table, or just ask about the price. Appearances from the outside can be misleading--- what looks like a smell, informal restaurant may really be very expensive, and what looks like a large, expensive restaurant may be very reasonable.You can get a meal for about $4 or $5 or a little more if you eat in a snack bar of coffee shop, but in most city restaurants you should expect to pay $8 to $10 a person for dinner, with alcoholic drinks and wine extra. Prices in New York City are even higher.51. Restaurant in each city are listed in the telephone book according to __________.A. area of the cityB. name of the restaurantC. kind of foodD. any of the above52. Where can you see the menus in many restaurants?A. On the tables.B. On the door.C. On the window.D. On the walls53. To let people get some idea of __________, many restaurants have their menuput up on the window.A. the price of the foodB. the area of the cityC. the restaurantD. the kind of service provided54. In most city restaurants, what is the usual dinner price for a person?A. $4 to $6B. $4 to $8C. $6 to $8D. $8 to $1055. What does the passage intend to tell us?A. Prices in New York are very even higher.B. Restaurants in big cities vary greatly in price.C. Appearances of the restaurant from the outside can give you some wrong idea.D. Any kind of restaurants can be found in most of the large cities.Section C skimming and scanning (每题2分，共10分)Directions: Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage .When you go shopping, there are three points you should remember in order to save money.First, read as many shopping ads as you can. In this way, you’ll have a clear picture of where to buy things at the lowest prices. If you are lucky, you’ll get go od bargains at even lower prices than you expected.Second, collect some coupons which offer discounts. With these coupons, you can save some money.Third, you must remember that prices vary from store to store and from time to time. When you visit open-air markets, flea markets, or yard sales, the prices of some goods are not final. There are always changes that you can get good buys by bargaining or asking for discounts.Remember these points when you go shopping, and you’ll save money.( ) 56. You can bargain over the prices of goods at most open-air markets( ) 57. You can save money by collecting more coupons.( ) 58. Prices may be different in different stores and different times.( ) 59. Shopping ads will help you to buy things at a lower price.( ) 60. The three suggestions given will help you make money.Part IV Translate the following sentences into English (每题3分，共15分)Section A61. 在生活中，我们最愚蠢的行为就是太执着于自己的东西，不愿意放弃。
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Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(40分)1. Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations．(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
每题1分，共10分)2. Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese．(写出下列词组的汉语。
每题1分，共10分，)3. Translate the following words and expressions into English．(写出下列词组的英语。
每题2分，共20分)Ⅱ．Comprehension(阅读理解)(10分)4. Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误。
10分)Ⅲ. Translation．翻译(50分)5. Translate the following sentences into Chinese．(将下列句子翻译成汉语。
共15分)6. Translate the following sentences into English．(将下列句子翻译成英语。
共15分)7. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(将下段文章翻译成汉/英语.共10/20分)abbreviation1. 半导体可控整流器，可控硅semiconductor controlled rectifier(SCR)2. 比例积分微分控制器，PID 控制器proportional plus integral plus derivative controller3. 不间断电源uninterruptible power supply(UPS)4. 场效应晶体管field effect transistor(FET)5. 多输入多输出控制系统multiple input multiple output control system(MIMO)6. 单输入单输出控制系统single input single output control system(SISO)7. 电流源逆变器current-source inverters(CSI)8. 电压源逆变器voltage-source inverters(VSI)9. 短期记忆short term memory(SIM)10. 方法库way base(WB)11. 方法库管理系统way base management system (WBMS)12. 光符阅读机（OCR）optical character reader13. 集成电路芯片IC(integrated circuit) chip14. 交流电alternating current(AC)15. 可编程控制PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)16. 脉宽调制pluse-width modulation (PWM)17. 气关式air-to-close（AC）18. 气开式air-to-open（AO）19. 人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)20. 直接数字控制，direct digital control (DDC)21. 运算放大器operational Amplifier (OA)Vocabulary-11. Automatic control 自动控制2. Dynamic system 动态系统3. Differential equation 微分方程4. Frequency response methods 频率响应方法5. Root-locus methods 根轨迹的方法6. Feedback control system 反馈控制系统7. Optimal control 最优控制Vocabulary-21. Forcing function2. Mathematical model3. First-order differential equation4. Transient- response analysis5. Frequency- response analysis6. Ordinary differential equation7. Partial differential equation8. The principle of superposition9. Linear time-invariant /time-varying system10. Nonlinear systemVocabulary-31. Control action2. Two-position or on off controllers3. Actuating error signal4. Closed-loop system5. Reference input signal6. Self-operated controllers7. Set point8. Flow rate9. Actuating element10. Differential gapVocabulary-41. Laplace transform2. rate control 速率控制，微分控制3. Reset rate 复位率4. transient period 过渡周期5. feedback path 反馈通道6. second-order 二阶的7. block diagram 方块图8. load disturbance 负荷（负载）扰动9. negative feedback 负反馈10. Fundamental principle 基本原则Vocabulary-51. scompensation technique 补偿技术、校正方法2. Performance specification 性能规范3. time-domain performance measures 时域性能指标4. Rise/settling time 上升/调整时间5. phase/ gain margin相位/增益裕度6. trial-and-error approach 逐次逼近法7. Adjust parameter setting 调整参数设置8. steady-state behavior 稳态特性9. series compensation and feedback(or parallel) compensation串联校正和反馈(并联)校正10. lag-lead compensator 滞后/超前校正装置基于GPS/GPRS 的公交车自动报站系统设计摘要：结合GPS定位，对车辆的状态信息（位置、速度等）进行实时采集及分析，当车辆到达预定位置时，实现公交车的自动报站功能；通过GPRS网络，将公交车的状态信息及时传输到公交监控调度中心，然后通过中心上位机软件的操作，实现对公交车的监控调度、信息更新的功能.采用SD卡存储多条线路信息及MP3语音文件，便于公交车更换公交线路，同时实现高品质语音信息的播放.关键词：自动报站；GPS；GPRS；信息更新；监控调度Design of GPS/GPRS bus stop automatic announcerDesign of Automatic Station Report System for Bus Based on GPS/Abstract: Combining GPS positioning technology, the bus status (information location, speed, etc.) in real-time are collected and analyzed. When the bus is scheduled to arrive at the location, the automatic station report functions is realized. Through the GPRS network, necessary bus status information should be transmitted to the bus monitor dispatching center timely, and then through the center of the operation of PC software, to achieve the function of the monitoring, scheduling and updating information. SD card is used to memorize the information of a number of lines and MP3 audio files, it is facilitated to replace bus lines , and at the same time high-quality voice information play is realized.Keywords: automatic station report; GPS; GPRS; information updating; monitoring; dispatching基于μPD78F0034单片机的出租车计费器的设计与实现摘要:介绍了基于μPD78F0034单片机和模块式结构的出租车计费器的软件和硬件设计方法,讨论了μPD78F0034单片机的主要特点;介绍了该单片机和PC机串行通信的硬件连接方法;同时给出了采用单双信号防作弊技术来防止计费器作弊的具体实现方法。
关键词：出租车计费器；μPD78F003；串行通信；防作弊技术Abstract：The hardware and software design method of Taxi-meter based on μPD78F0034 microcontroller and module structure are introduced in this paper. The main feature of microcontroller are discussed, and the hardware connection of the serial communication between the microcontroller and PC are also given. The anti-tampering technology for single and the double –signal in taxi-meter is proposed here.Keywords: Taxi meter; μPD78F0034; Serial communication; Anti-tampering technology(1) In 1922 Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships and showedhow stability could be determined from the differential equations describing the system．1922年，迈那斯基研究用于驾驶船舶的自动控制器，并提出根据描述系统的微分方程可以决定定系统的稳定性。