上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2018届高三11月第一周周考英语试题

Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.In short,those elf stories in Iceland might have represented a vague yet desperate attempt at control: if you did the right thing and helped out a hidden person,then at least through your response you had a tiny bit of power over your own destiny.In a category of their own_21_(be) the tales of elves who abducted mortal children or lured away adolescents. Those may have reflected an event more grim reality: children and teenagers who routinely died or went_22_(miss). Partly this happened_23_the adults had to work constantly and could not always be on call to supervise.During the summers they often had to work some distance from the farm,and when they did they would leave their children unattended for_24_(long) periods.Any number of things could happen to those children.They might wander off somewhere,possibly falling into a river,_25_a cliff,or into a deep crevice in the landscape.Or maybe the children _26_were out working,with all the associated perils.As clearly as the age of five they were put into work watching the sheep,sometimes in a distant field.Imagine_27_a fog crept in and they tried to find their way home,only_28_ (become) hopeless lost.They could even have an accident,far from any available help.And so the_29_(bereave) parents,tormented by guilt,might conjure up a story in which their children had not,in fact,died,but had been taken away by elves who could provide a good life for them-even better than the one they_30_(provide).To the Icelanders,stories of elves and hidden people are an integral part of the cultural and psychological fabric of our nation.They are a part of our identity,areflection of the struggles,hopes,resilience and endurance of our people. As such,they are very dear to us.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be use only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Innovation,the elixir of progress,has always cost people their jobs.In the industrial revolution hand weavers were_31_aside by the mechanical loom.Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has_32_many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life.Typists,ticket agents,bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with,just as the weavers were.For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place,such disruption is a natural part of rising_33_.Although innovation kills some jobs,it creates new and better ones,as a more_34_society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services.A hundred years ago one in three American workers was_35_on a farm.Today less than 2% of them produce far more food.The millions freed from the land were not rendered_36_,but found better- paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.Today the pool of secretaries has_37_,but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.Optimism remains the right starting-point,but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its_38_.Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge,in the short term income gaps will widen,causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics.Technology's_39_will feel like a tornado（旋风）,hitting the rich world first,but_40_sweeping through poorer countries too.No government is prepared for it.III.Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers.Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss,_41_one's risk of developing some diseases,promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature death,among many other_42_. Now comes word that a cup of_43_reduces physical path.The surprising finding is_44_a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to finish office work.The tasks were known to how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks.As a matter of convenience,the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the rest ‘to avoid_47_effects of caffeine lack,e.g.decreased vigor and alertness,sleepiness,and exhaustion.’ they reported.When it came time to analyze the data the researchers from Norway's National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the the 19 people who drank coffee reported a lower_48_of pain than the 29 people who didn't.In the shoulders and neck,_49_,the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers.Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured,and coffee's apparent pain-reducation effect_50_.However,the authors of the study,which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes,warn that the results of the study come with many_51_.For starters,the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer task._52_,they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were_53_in all respects expect for their coffee consumption.Problems like these tend to_54_the importance of the findings.But those doubts are_55_to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.41.A.take B.reduce C.increaseD.face42.A.profits B.advices C.benefitsD.promotionsk B.water C.cokeD.coffee44.A.based on B.fond of C.different fromD.qualified for45.A.cause B.endure C.easeD.relieve46.A.warm pare C.cureD.treat47.A.unpleasant B.modest C.significantD.positive48.A.tendency B.intention C.intensityD.extension49.A.on the contrary B.as a result C.for instanceD.in one word50.A.turned up B.took up C.put upD.gave up51.A.satisfaction B.uncertainties C.consequencesD.qualifications52.A.Moreover B.However C.OtherwiseD.Nevertheless53.A.Contemporary B.similar C.differentD.initial54. A.realize B.attach C.demonstrateD.weaken55.A.unlikely B.sensible C.jealousD.miserableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.AShoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money,research has shown.Penny pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidi rather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market research company Mintel.Furthermore,the future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.In the last year alone,despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households,sales of toilet paper fell by 2%,with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.Overall,almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save money."Strength,softness and thickness remain the leading indicators ODM toilet paper quality,with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives,such as those with flower patterns or perfume,"said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett."These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers,which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer."While consunmers are spending less on toilet paper,they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it comes to paper quality.Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness(57%)followed by strength(45%)and thickness(36%).One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality.In a challenge for manufactures,81%of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.56.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because .A.Britons have cut their spending on itB.its prices have gone up over the yearC.its quality has seen marked improvementD.Britons have developed the habit of saving57.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?A.It will expand in time.B.It will remain gloomy.C.It will experience ups and downs.D.It will recover as population grows.58.What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.59.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve.D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.BThe Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science.Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories withscientists that are associated with the department.They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry,molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts.By spring of their junior year,students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school.At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combined Math and Critical Reading scores) ●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least 600 in Math,and one science(Biology,Chemistry or Physics)●have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and two semesters eachof biology and●two semesters each of biology and chemistry by the time they graduate from highschool●complete all components of your Common Application for undergraduate admissionby November 1 of your senior year●complete a supplemental application form for the Honors Program in Biochemistry& Molecular Biology●include a counselor recommendation,three letters of recommendation from teachersin support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement Send all Dual Admission Honors Program application materials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of AdmissionUniversity of MiamiP.O.Box 248025Coral Gables,FL 33124-4616Fax number: (513) 529-7592 (513) 529-1950For more information on the HPBMB,contact:Dr.Thomas K.HarrisDirector,Undergraduate and Medical EducationBiochemistry and Molecular BiologyOffice: Gautier Building,Room 111Phone: 305-243-3358E-Mail: tkharris@60.We can learn from the passage that .A.Grade one students in a high school can apply for the programB.it's possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor's degree and a doctor's degreeC.graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientistsD.a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school61.Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application?A.A combined SAT I score of 1400.B.A combined SAT II score of600 in Math and one science.C.Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D.A letter of recommendation from the principal.62.What's the purpose of this passage?A.To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B.To introduce a very famous university "University of Miami" .C.To attract excellent high school graduates to apply for the Honors Program.D.To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.CThe health benefits of engaging in physical activity (PA) during childhood include enhanced fitness,cognitive function and bone health;reduced body fatness,motor skill development,and favourable cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk profiles.Being active during childhood can also improve self-esteem and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.Participation in PA in youth is of great importance as PA mat track into adulthood where adequate levels pf PA are protective against many chronic diseases.However,in the UK appropriately 75% of boys and 80% of girls aged 5-10 years are not meeting the daily recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity...Unstructured play is also an essential part of childhood which enables childrento develop a relationship with their surroundings and enhances social skills,coordination and strength.Outdoor environments facilitate play and are associated with increased levels of PA.Thus,children should be provided with daily opportunities to play outdoors. The school environment provides such an opportunity through the provision of playtime.Playtime normally takes place on the concrete school playground and lasts for at least one hour per day.However,universally playtime is reported to make relatively small contributions to children's overall daily activity requirements.In the UK,only one known study has reported the contribution of playtime to overall activity requirements,with contributions being as low as 4.5%.A number of studies have successfully increased playtime PA through the introduction of interventions such as sports or games equipment,playground markings,fitness breaks and playground structures.However,these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA.Unstructured PA is essential to childhood development and therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.Natural environments can encourage unstructured play and may therefore play a role in facilitating unstructured PA during playtime.Natural environments provide large open spaces which encourage individuals to be active,whilst areas lacking nature may restrict PA due to limited space and parental fears over crime and road traffic.Children report a preference for play in natural environments,with nature facilitating more imaginative and inventive play.Furthermore,adolescents living in urban settings with access to green spaces such as parks are more likely to be physically active than their peers without park access,indicating that all forms of nature can be used as a tool for engaging youth in PA.Thus,if school playtime were performed on the school field it is possible that children's PA levels would be increased.To date,there is a lack of data quantifying the impact of natural environments on levels of PA in children,particularly within the school setting.Performing PA in a natural environment ("Green Exercise") has also been demonstrated to provide improvements in self-esteem in adults,whether participantsare simply viewing scenes of nature or directly interacting with natural environments.Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments.However,the only known study in children examined the impact of a green playtime intervention consisting of orienteering（定向越野比赛）.The task-oriented,structured nature of orienteering may not facilitate the green exercise effect.Unstructured free play in a natural environment may allow greater interaction with the environment, thus benefiting self-esteem.63.The main purpose of the passage is to ?A.defend an unpopular belief.B.confirm a previously untested hypothesis.C.summarize various studies of a social condition.D.expose common misconceptions surrounding an issue.64.As used in par.1 "track" most nearly means .A.carryB.assignC.monitorD.linger65.What does the author claim about "Green Exercise" in par.6?A.It benefits adults' self-esteem but its effects on children have not been fully determined.B.Looking at images of natural environments is the best way to improve self-esteem.C.Adolescents do not benefit from green exercise in the same way that adults do.D.Self-esteem can only rise through direct interaction with the environment.66.What does the author imply about physical activity in a natural environment?A.Scientific studies have determined that physical activity can only benefit self-esteem in adults.B.The relationship between physical activity in nature and self-esteem requires further study.C.Although it has been studied,physical activity in a natural environment's effects are unclear in both children and adults.D.Physical activity in a natural environment benefits self-esteem in both children and adults.Section CDirections: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.I listened to it 20 times at least.B.That place made me what I am today.munity colleges have improved a lot these years.D.Those plays filled my head with expanded dreams.E.Of course,I enjoyed the pleasure of eating French fries between classes.F.So I sent my test results to Chabot,a community college in nearby Hayward,California,which accepted everyone and was free.I owe it all to my community collegeIn 1974,I graduated from Skyline High School in Oakland,California,an underachieving student with poor SAT scores.I couldn’t afford tuition for college anyway._67_.For thousands of commuting students like me,Chabot was our Harvard,offering course in physics, stenography, auto-mechanics,certified public accounting,foreign language,journalism and so on.Classmates included veterans（老兵）back from Vietnam,married women returning to school,middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment prospects and paychecks.We could get our general education requirements out of the way at Chabot—credits we could transfer to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start.Classes I took at Chabot have rippled（起涟漪）through my professional pond.I produced the HBO mini-series John Adams with an outline format I learned from a pipe-smoking historian,James Coovelis,whose lectures were interesting.Mary Lou Fitzgerald's "Studies in Shakespeare" taught me how the five-act structures of Richard III,The Tempest,and Othello focused their themes.In Herb Kennedy's "Drama in Performance,"I read plays like The Hot L Baltimore and Desire Under the Elms, then saw their productions.I got to see the plays he taught,through student rush tickets at the American Conservatory Theater in SanFrancisco and the Berkeley Repertory Theatre._68_.I got an A.Some hours I stayed in the huge library,where I first read the New York Times,frustrated by its lack of comics.If Chabot's library still has its collection of vinyl records（黑胶唱片）,you will find my name repeatedly on the takeout slip of Jason Robards's performance of the monologue of Eugene O'Neill._69_.Chabot College is still in Hayward,though Mr.Coovelis,Ms.Fitzgerald,and Mr.Kennedy are no longer there.I drove past the campus a few years ago with one of my kids and summed up my two years there this way:“_70_.”IV.Summary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 e your own words as far as possible.Learn from mistakesThe best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison,who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:"Of the 200 light bulbs that didn't work,every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt."Benjamin Franklin,the US statesman and scientist once said:“I haven't failed.I have had 10,000 ideas that didn't work.”Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact,a surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post-it-notes,packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC,a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.Successful businesspeople have often made big,expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man. "Of course not,"he replied.“Ihave just spent $600,000 training him.I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes.If you don't,then there is no sense in making them.V.Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.如今人们在飞机上也很容易上网。