现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习
现在完成时与现在完成进行时态讲解及练习(含答案)
时态现在完成时一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 。
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。
二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法1.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。
常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。
（说明现在灯关上了）I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。
（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。
一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。
（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。
（说明她现在仍是老师）2.“未完成”用法。
表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+段时间）、since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。
①for+时段（for a long time，for a month）②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来，如since 1991 、since yesterday）③since+时段+ago （since 2 days ago）④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）⑥其它常见：today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，，so far，up to now，till（until）now等。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习题
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习题A. Correct the following sentences. （改错）1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine.2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford?4. It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself?5. It's a long time since you come to see me.6. Alice didn't see much of Henry lately.7. I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam.B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given.1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.C. Make the best choices.1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.— I think so. He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏)A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东)A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year.A. studiesB. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studying5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. had worked6. —I have got a headache.—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.A. has fallenB. had fallenC. is fallingD. was falling8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.A. had consideredB. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to consider9. —______ you ______ him around the museum yet?—Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have ; shownB. Do ; showC. Had; shownD. Did; show10. —Hi, Tracy，you look pale.—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have paintedKey：A. 1. are→have been 2. have been drinking→have drunk 3. have→had4. Have you done→Did you do5. come→came6. didn't seen→hasn't seen7. passed→have passedB. 1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played4. wondered5. have been waitingC. 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA C。
五年级英语现在完成进行时与现在完成时对比单选题40题
五年级英语现在完成进行时与现在完成时对比单选题40题1. I ______ my homework for two hours.A. have doneB. have been doingC. didD. was doing答案：B。
本题考查现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别。
选项A“have done”是现在完成时，表示动作已经完成。
选项B“have been doing”是现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去。
“做作业两小时”强调动作的持续性，所以用现在完成进行时更合适。
选项C“did”是一般过去时，不符合本题语境。
选项D“was doing”是过去进行时，也不符合本题要求。
2. My sister ______ the room since this morning.A. has cleanedB. has been cleaningC. cleanedD. was cleaning答案：B。
本题重点在动作持续时间的表达。
选项A“has cleaned”是现在完成时，强调动作已完成。
选项B“has been cleaning”是现在完成进行时，强调从早上开始打扫房间这个动作一直在持续。
选项C“cleaned”是一般过去时，只表示过去的动作。
选项D“was cleaning”是过去进行时，不符合本题时间要求。
3. We ______ football for an hour.A. have playedB. have been playingC. playD. played答案：B。
此题中，“踢足球一小时”强调动作的持续性，现在完成进行时更能体现这一点。
选项A 现在完成时，侧重于动作的完成。
选项C 一般现在时，不符合语境。
选项D 一般过去时，不能表达动作的持续。
4. Mom ______ the dishes for half an hour.A. has washedB. has been washingC. washesD. washed答案：B。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较练习
现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较练习嘿，伙计们！今天我们来聊聊现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较练习。
这可是个有趣的话题哦，让我们一起来看看吧！我们来了解一下现在完成时。
现在完成时是用来表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，或者表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
比如说，我昨天吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐，现在我已经吃饱了。
这里的“吃饱了”就是现在完成时。
又比如说，我从小就喜欢唱歌，现在我还是很喜欢唱歌。
这里的“喜欢唱歌”也是现在完成时。
接下来，我们来谈谈现在完成进行时。
现在完成进行时是用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
比如说，我从早上起床开始就一直在写作业，现在已经快晚上了。
这里的“一直在写作业”就是现在完成进行时。
又比如说，我从小就在学习英语，现在已经学了好几年了。
这里的“学英语”也是现在完成进行时。
那么，现在完成时和现在完成进行时有什么区别呢？其实，它们之间的区别主要在于时间范围的长短。
现在完成时强调的是过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，而现在完成进行时强调的是从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
换句话说，现在完成时的时间跨度较短，而现在完成进行时的时间跨度较长。
现在，让我们通过一个例子来更好地理解这两个时态。
假设你昨天参加了一个聚会，喝了很多酒。
那么，你可以说：“昨天我参加了一个聚会，喝了很多酒。
”(这里用的是现在完成时)但是，如果你想强调你从昨晚开始就一直在喝酒，直到今天早上还没停下来，那么你可以说：“昨天晚上我开始参加聚会，然后一直在喝酒，直到今天早上才停下来。
”(这里用的是现在完成进行时)现在完成时和现在完成进行时都是用来表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
它们的最大区别在于时间范围的长短。
希望通过今天的练习，大家对这两个时态有了更深入的了解！好了，今天的练习就到这里啦！希望大家都能把这些知识点运用到实际生活中去，提高自己的英语水平哦！下次再见啦，掰掰！。
现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习
时态练习（三）一.用since和for填空1.______two years2.____two years ago3.___last month4.______ 19995._______yesterday6._______ 4 o’clock7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time11.____ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.二.单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .A.has changed ; wellB.changed ; goodC.has changed ; betterD.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finishedD.will ; do ; finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”四.用适当的时态填空：1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.8. We already _________ (return) the book.9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.五.翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
现在完成时与现在进行时练习题及答案
现在完成时与现在进行时练习题及答案1. 完成句子：（填入适当的动词形式：现在完成时或现在进行时）a) I ____________ (already finish) my homework, so now I can relax.b) Look! The children ____________ (play) in the park.c) Tom ____________ (not read) the book yet, he is still busy.d) She ____________ (study) English for six years.e) How long ____________ you ____________ (wait) for the bus?f) The workers ____________ (repair) the road these days.g) They ____________ (never visit) the Great Wall before.h) Sorry, but I ____________ (not have) time to help you now.i) My sister ____________ (just come) back from Europe yesterday.j) Listen! I think someone ____________ (speak) loudly downstairs.答案：a) have already finishedb) are playingc) hasn't readd) has studiede) have; been waitingf) are repairingh) don't havei) has just comej) is speaking2. 按括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成句子：（现在完成时或现在进行时）a) They ____________ (clean) the house since morning.b) She ____________ (learn) Chinese for two years.c) How long ____________ you ____________ (live) in this city?d) We ____________ (not finish) our lunch yet.e) Look! The baby ____________ (crawl) towards the stairs.f) He ____________ (work) in this company since 2010.g) I ____________ (not see) him since last week.h) ____________ you ever ____________ (ride) a camel?i) The students ____________ (prepare) for the exam at the moment.j) The dog ____________ (chase) its tail in circles.答案：a) have been cleaningb) has been learningd) haven't finishede) is crawlingf) has been workingg) haven't seenh) Have; ever riddeni) are preparingj) is chasing3. 根据提供的句子改写成现在进行时：a) I have written a letter. -> I am writing a letter.b) They have finished their work. -> They are finishing their work.c) She has eaten her lunch. -> She is eating her lunch.d) He has read that book. -> He is reading that book.e) They have won the game. -> They are winning the game.4. 根据提供的句子改写成现在完成时：a) I am eating dinner. -> I have eaten dinner.b) The dog is barking loudly. -> The dog has barked loudly.c) They are watching a movie. -> They have watched a movie.d) She is playing the piano. -> She has played the piano.e) We are studying for the exam. -> We have studied for the exam.希望以上练习题能够帮助您更好地理解和运用现在完成时和现在进行时。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较练习
现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较练习在学习英语的过程中，掌握时态的用法尤为重要。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时，虽然看似相似，但实际上有着不同的用法和情感。
今天，我们就来聊聊这两种时态，看看它们在日常交流中如何运作。
首先，了解现在完成时。
这个时态常用来表达某个动作在过去发生，但与现在有联系。
比如说，我可以说：“我已经读完那本书。
”这个句子里，动作已经完成，但它的结果——我现在对书的理解——依然存在。
再比如，“我去过巴黎。
”这不仅是过去的经历，更暗示了我对巴黎的某种情感。
提到旅行，我的脑海中浮现出那条充满历史的小巷，咖啡的香气，令人陶醉的景象。
接下来，看看现在完成进行时。
它更侧重于动作的持续性和过程。
比如，“我一直在读这本书。
”这里的重点是我从过去一直读到现在，强调的是这个动作的进行状态。
与“我已经读完那本书”相比，这句话给人的感觉更生动，仿佛我依旧沉浸在故事情节中，想要继续探寻更多的细节。
再比如，“我一直在努力学习英语。
”这句中，努力的过程才是重点，显示出我持续奋斗的精神。
学习语言是一段漫长而有时孤独的旅程，但每一次的进步都让我感到兴奋。
每当我用英语与他人交流，都会感受到那种成就感。
我们还可以从情感上进一步探讨这两种时态。
现在完成时给人一种已经完成的满足感，仿佛我们拥有了一些宝贵的经历。
而现在完成进行时则更像是一条流动的河流，永不停息。
它捕捉了时间的流逝，带着我们的坚持与努力，仿佛在说：“这一路走来，我有多不容易。
”想象一下，和朋友聊天时，提到某个话题。
你可能会说：“我已经看过那部电影。
”这句用现在完成时，表达出你对这部电影的了解。
而朋友回应：“我一直在想去看那部电影。
”这时候，朋友用现在完成进行时，展现了他对这个电影的期待与渴望。
这种不同的时态运用，真能让对话更有趣。
让我们更深入一点，看看实际场景。
比如，在聚会上，有人问：“你最近在做什么？”你可能会用现在完成时回答：“我刚刚完成了一个项目。
”这句里，强调的是结果。
(word版)现在完成时与现在完成进行时态讲解及练习(含答案),文档
时态现在完成时一．根本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)。
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。
二．句型：否认句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否认)三．用法1.“已完成〞用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1〕表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。
常和just，now，already，yet，not yet等不确定的时间状语连用。
LiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.李明刚刚把灯关上。
〔说明现在灯关上了〕I'vefinishedmyhomeworknow.现在我已经做完作业了。
〔说明可以交作业或做别的了〕2〕表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。
一般不用时间状语。
Ihavelostmypen.我把笔丢了。
〔说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔〕Shehasbecomeateacher她.已经当了老师。
〔说明她现在仍是老师〕2.“未完成〞用法。
表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作〔用行为动词表示〕或状态〔be动词表示〕，常与for〔+段时间〕、since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。
for+时段〔foralongtime，foramonth〕since+过去一个时间点〔译为：自从以来，如since1991、sinceyesterday〕since+时段+ago〔since2daysago〕④since+从句〔过去时〕●⑤Itis+时段+since+从句〔过去时〕⑥其它常见：today，thisweek〔month〕，lately，recently，thesedays，inthepastfewdays，duringthelasttwoweeks，，sofar，uptonow，till〔until〕now等。
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现在完成时与现在完成进行时比较练习B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given .（根据所给动词的适当形式填空）1. You know, I _______ （look） for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.2. My sister _______ （stay） in Beijing for three months last year.3. The little boy is dirty all over because he _______ （play） in the mud all the morning.4. I _______ （wonder） if you were free this afternoon.5. Here he is! We ______ （wait） anxiously for him since last night.C. Make the best choices.（选择题）1. —I 'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.—I think so. He _______ for it for months. （2008 江苏）A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he ___ into a trap, it be to'ollalte for him to do anything about it. （2008山东）A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked3. So far this year we _____ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. （200福8建）A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ Engl i s hfor a year. （2007湖南）A. studiesB. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studying5. Danny ________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. （200福7 建）A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. had worked6. —I have got a headache.—No wonder. You ________ in front of that computer too long. （2007江西）A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district ______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. （2007上海）A. has fallenB. had fallenC. is fallingD. was falling8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy __ going back to school but she hasn ' t decidec北京.（A. had consideredB. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to consider9. —______ you _____ him around the museum yet? （200江7 苏）—Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have ; shownB. Do ; showC. Had; shownD. Did; show10. —Hi, Tracy，you look pale.—I am tired. I ______ the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have painted121. （2009 年全国卷 I ） His sister left home in 1998，and _____ since. A ．had not been heard of B ．has not been heard of C ．had not heard of 2．（2009 年全国卷 I ）Edward ， A ．didn 't know D ．has not heard ofyou play so well.But I _______ y ou played the piano. B ． hadn ' t known C ．don 't know D ．haven 't known3．（2009年福建卷 ）According to the literary review ，Shakespeare __ his charities live through theirlanguage in his plays. A ．will make B ． had made C ． was making D ．makes4．（2009 年湖南卷 ）Would you please keep silen ？t The weather report __ and I want to listen.A ．is broadcastB ．is being broadcastC ． has been broadcastD ．had been broadcast5. （2009年江苏卷 ） The population of Jiangsu ___ t o more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million.C ． grewD ．are growing6. （2009 年江苏卷 ）— Ann is in hospital.A ．didn 't ；am going toB ． don 't ； wouldC ．don ' t ；willD ． didn 't ；will7. （2009 年辽宁卷 ） Excuse me ，Marcia ，a reporter from Vanity Fair ___ all day.Could you speak toher now? A ．phonesB ．has phonedC ． has been phoningD ． phoned8. （2009 年山东卷 ） I was out of town at the time ，so I don ' t know exactly how it ___ . A ．was happening B ．happened C ． happens D ． has happened9. （2009 年浙江卷 ） Over the past decade ，s sea ice __ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.A ．had decreasedB ．decreasedC ．has been decreasingD ． is decreasing10. （2009年四川卷 ）—You speak very good French! —Thanks.I ______ French in Sichuan University for four years. A ．studied B ．study C ．was studyingD ． had studied—You speak very good French!A ．has grownB ．have grown—Oh ，really ？Iknow.I _______ go and visit her.—Thanks.I ______ French in Sichuan University for four years.A ．studied B．studyC．was studying D．had studied1. （2010 届浙江嘉兴一中摸底测验）—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? —Terry？Never！She _______ tents and fresh air!A ．has hated B．hatedC．will hate D ．hates2. （2010 届安徽芜湖一中一模）—Got your driving license?—No.I ______ too busy to have enough practic，e so I didn' t take the driving test last week.A ．was B．amC．have been D．had been3. （2010 届成都玉林中学月考）He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____ from the university next year.A ．will graduate B．will have graduatedC．graduates D．is to graduate4. （2010 届甘肃天水一中段考）I ____ in London for many years，but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.A ．lived B．have livedC．had lived D．was living5. （2010 届苏州调研）—What's your opinion about my suggestion?—Sorry，I ______ .Would you please say it again?A ．hadn't listened B．wouldn't listenC．wasn't listening D．didn' t listen6. （2010 届合肥检测）Although many measures __ ，the world's economy is still going down.A ．were taken B．have been takenC．will be taken D．are taken7. （2010 届福建检测）Since the beginning of the vacation，I across the country，and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.A ．had traveled B．will travelC．have been traveling D ．was traveling8. （2010 年东城检测）Right now the government is trying to control the number of people whoby H1N1 flu.4A ．have been affected B．have affectedC．are affected D．affect9. （2010 年长春第一次调研）—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.—Impossible.She _______ t he Internet with me in my home then.3A ．surfed B．had surfedC．would surf D．was surfing10. （2010年上海春招）The employees ___ that they should renew their contracts within a week.A ．advise B．have advisedC．are advised D．had been advised11. （2010届抚顺一中第一次同步考试）With the help of high technology，more and more new substances in the past years.A ．discovered B．have discoveredC．had been discovered D．have been discovered12. （2010届成都联考）—Look！Everything here is under construction. —What's the pretty small house that _____________________________ for?A ．is being built B．has been builtC．is built D．is building13. （2010届江西高安中学月考）—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai? —Yes，I tried to find my way to the airport but ______________ .A．has been lost B．get lostC．lost D ．got lost14. （2010届皖南八校联考）We've been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation yet.A ．are not discussed B．have not been discussedC．is not being discussed D．has not been discussed15. （2010年西安质量检测）We haven' t moved into the new office building—it ___ right now.A ．is decorating B．has been decoratedC．is being decorated D．has been decorating6Key：A. 1. are^have been 2. have been drinkings have drunk 3. have f had4. Have you done f Did you do5. come f came6. did n't see n f has n't see n7. passed f have passedB. 1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played4. wondered5. have been waitingC. 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA C1【解析】C、D是主动语态，hear of表示“听说”，后面应该有宾语。