讲义：句子成分及句子结构
句子成分和结构
第二讲句子成分和句子结构一：句子成分句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功能的组成部分。
1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。
如：Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）数词4）动词-ing形式5）不定式6）名词短语7）名词从句等。
2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
如：Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）。
3、宾语：用来表示行为的对象或内容，常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如：I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
)I hate mouse. (我讨厌老鼠。
)这两句话中单词mouse是名词，单词him是代词，它们在句中作宾语。
充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）-ing形式5）数词6）不定式7）名词从句等。
4、定语：用来修饰名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如：This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳。
)He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。
）The girl behind me is my sister. (我后面的那个女孩是我的姐姐。
)前两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
讲义：句子成分及句子结构
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
即：句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 . 主语（subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. 名词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词The poor are now living in the shelter.名词化的形容词Seeing is believing。
动名词To see is to believe. 不定式He likes dancing. 代词What he needs is a book。
句子（主从）It is necessary to master a foreign language.2谓语：：说明主语的动作、状态和特征；动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（1）简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.（2）复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing3宾语:动作的对象或承受者—-及物动词或介词的宾语,即动宾&介宾,常用名词或相当于名词的词(动词不定式或动名词）、代词和数词充当Show your passport，please. 名词She didn’t say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me。
1.初中句子成分及五种句子结构及句型
句子成分和五种句子结构及句型一、句子成分：1、主语：一般由名词、代词或相当与名词的词或短语短语等充当，表示句子所说的“什么人”或“什么事物"I am Amy.The dog is cute.It is a sunny day.2、谓语：（谓语部分里的主要的词）用动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致，表示主语“是什么”或怎么样。
Be动词/系动词3、表语：由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语，表示主语“是什么”或怎么样4、宾语：是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
5、定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
6、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分，说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。
He speaks English very well.When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.7、补语：就是补充说明的语言，英语中一般有主语补语和宾语补足语,最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
We hear him singing in the hall.口诀：主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
二、基本句型：根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1. 简单句英语五种基本句型:1 主+谓2 主+谓+宾3 主+谓+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）4 主+谓+表5 主+谓+宾+宾补基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典.2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好.3. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了4. Everything │looks │differe nt. 一切看来都不同了.5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮.基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着.2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了.基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Who │knows │the answer？谁知道答案？2. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书.3. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.2. He │bought │you │a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.3. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了.4. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器.基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. What │makes │him │think so？他怎么会这样想？.3. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去.2. 并列句句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句（常见的并列连词有and，but，or）并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析讲义
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析讲义Exercises:一．分析句子结构(五种句型)1.You are a student.2.He felt happy today.3.What you said made me happy.4.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5.After he finished his homework, he went away.6.He likes pop music.二．划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that you’ve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.三．挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.四．挑出下列句中的表语1.The old man was feeling very tired.2.The leaves have turned yellow.3. Soon they all became interested in the subject.五．挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!六．挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.七．挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.。
句子成分和基本的句型结构讲义初高中英语衔接课程
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分（sentence elements）有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。
具体如下：1．主语（subject）：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
（介词的宾语）Lend me your book，please.请把你的书借给我。
第19讲句子成分和基本句型(讲义)-2024年中考英语一轮复习
►第19讲句子成分和基本句型（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四考向1.句子的成分2.五大基本句型3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟中考句子成分和基本句型经典考题【复习目标】掌握八大句子成分掌握五大基本句型【考情分析】【网络构建】英语句子结构和成分是高中英语教学的重要内容，是理解文章的基础，广泛运用于阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空和写作中。
简单句的基本句型在近年来中考英语中没有直接考查，而且安徽中考英语中从没有叫学生分析句子结构的考核。
但是词义辨析、非谓语动词的习惯用法、主谓一致等等都会涉及到句子结构，复合句的理解更是以简单句为基础，书面表达也需要学生能掌握简单句的基本结构，从而写出正确的句子。
思维导图第一部分：句子成分英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。
正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。
主要句子成分：主语(subject)s ； 谓语(predicate)v次要句子成分：宾语(object)o ； 定语(attribute)attr ； 状语(adverbial)adv ；补语(plement)c; 表语(predicative)p ； 同位语(Appositive)等。
No. 1 主语基本成分修饰成分 1.主语+谓语(vi.) We work hard.2.主语+谓语( vt.)+宾语Tom bought a new book.3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 They offer me a job.4.主语+系动词+表语Great talkers are little doers. 5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补He made me go home.五种基本句型 句子成分 6. 状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。
I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning.7. 定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。
句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)
• He bought some sleeping pills.
• There is a sleeping baby in bed.
• His spoken language is good.
(名词) (数词)
(名词的所有格) (动名词)
(现在分词) (过去分词)
挑出下列句中的定语
• ①This is a difficult problem.
• We must keep it a secret.
(名词)
• I found the book very interesting.
(形容词)
• Please make yourself at home.
(介词短语)
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
• He made himself known to them first.
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy.
(形容词)
• His father works in a steel work.
• There are 54students in our class.
• Do you known betty’s sister?
• There is nothing interesting in the book.
• I have something important to tell you.
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程 度、方式和伴随状况等。通常状语由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分 词或句子等充当。
（名词）
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲义黑马英语工作室蔡老师1. 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty year s is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2. 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.3. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）The book is mine .（代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in. /here（副词）The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strangeHer voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China.（名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor. The +形容词I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
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精品文档英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
即：句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 . 主语（subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. 名词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词The poor are now living in the shelter.名词化的形容词Seeing is believing. 动名词To see is to believe. 不定式He likes dancing. 代词What he needs is a book. 句子（主从）It is necessary to master a foreign language.2谓语：:说明主语的动作、状态和特征；动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（1）简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.（2）复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing3宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语，即动宾&介宾，常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定式或动名词）、代词和数词充当Show your passport, please. 名词She didn't say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me. 不定式They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词I think（that）he is fit for this job. 句子（宾语从句）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.（双宾语结构）He gave me some books. Please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.4. 宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整（宾语的复合结构）。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
常用的接宾语的复合结构的及物动词有：get, let , see, call, find, have, make, cause, consider例句I found the book interesting. 形容词Do you smell something burning? 现在分词He have the bike repaired. 过去分词5. 表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语;表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
常见的系动词有:be (am,is,are,were,was)感官：look, smell, taste, sound, feel 变化：go, get, grow, come, turn,become持续：stay, keep, remain, 状态：seem, prove , appear等表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。
Our teacher of English is an American. 名词The weather has turned cold.形容词The speech is exciting. 现在分词His job is to teach English. 不定式His hobby is playing football. 现在分词短语The machine must be out of order. 介短Time is up. The class is over. 副词The truth is that he has never been abroad. 句子（表从）6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句。
定语可由形容词、名词、数词、现在分词、过去分词等充当。
He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel factory.名词There are 54 students in our class. Do you know Betty’s sister?名词所有格There is a sleeping baby in bed. 现在分词His spoken English is good.过去分词定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置（有特殊情况，如复合不定代词，单个单词做定语要后置，eg. something important）。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。
The girl in red is his sister. 介短We have much work to do.不定式The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. 现在分词短语Do you know the man who spoke just now?定从7. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He works harder to improve his English.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）When he got home, he felt tired and hungry.（状语从句）状语有如下10种：1) How about meeting again at six? 时间2) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 原因3) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 条件4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately 结果.9) She works very hard though she is old. 让步10) I am taller than he is. 比较8.同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four. He told me the news that our team won the game. 二、句子分类：句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：H e is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he?Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.三．简单句的五种基本结构1．ＳＶ(主＋谓) 2．ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)3. ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)4. ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)5. ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)（1）Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1. The sun│rose.2. What he said │does not matter.3. They │talked for half an hour.4. The pen │writes smoothly.此句型的句子有一个共同特点, 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。