Unit 5 The Tapestry of Friendship习题答案综合教程四

Unit 5 The Tapestry of FriendshipKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T (Refer to Paragraphs 1 and2.)2. T (Refer to Paragraph3.)3. F (Refer to Paragraph4. The shift was not simply from men to women. It represented in depth a shift from one type of friendship to another. In other words, female friendship depicted in movies nowadays was distinct in nature from male friendship portrayed in earlier movies.)4. T (Refer to Paragraph 8.)5. T (Refer to Paragraph 16.)III. A nswer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph2. She thought it was a trivial movie, particularly with regard to its dull plot. At the same time she found it gentle and affecting on the grounds that the movie described in detail the characteristics of the friendship between two women.2. Refer to Paragraph3. Because in the past men were the exclusive images of friendship depicted in movies and they were presented as the only inheritors of a primitive capacity for friendship. Women, on the other hand, were portrayed as incapable of friendship, taking their pleasure in making critical remarks about each other. Nowadays, however, female friendship was becoming a fashionable theme of movies, taking the place of male friendship.3. Refer to Paragraph 7. Male friendship, i.e. the bonding relationship between buddies, is established on the need for cooperation in the activities that men are engaged in or in the adverse situations they are confronted with. In other words, without the need to do things together, there would probably be no buddies at all. In contrast, female friendship borders on love, the need for mutual emotional support. Women friends desire to be together as a result of spiritual attachment, regardless of whether they are involved in the same act or not.4. Refer to Paragraphs 8?0. Men become buddies only when they have undergone together competitive, adverse or dangerous situations like sports games and wars, but women are not real friends unless they have exchanged three loathsome secrets. This fact shows again that the male friendship is activity-oriented while female friendship is emotion-rooted.5. Refer to Paragraph 17. Because what men described as friendship was nothing of the kind at all to the woman. As she saw it, when two women see each other only once a year,they cannot count as best friends; when two women do not call each other long distance without a real reason, they don't count as intimates; and when two women don't have dinner together alone without the company of their spouses, they don't count as chums. But in such situations, men can still describe themselves as bosom friends.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. Slowly, the movie gave a panoramic picture of the characteristics of friendship.2. This was not simply a shift from one fashion to another, but a trend toward more realistic and natural depictions in cinema-making.3. The tendency to present only men as capable of true friendship was challenged by the appearance of a more subtle approach.4. Buddies act tough to show off to each other, so would not reveal weaknesses; friends show their need for each other and are ready to confess weaknesses.Structural analysis of the textWe can summarize the author's viewpoint with the following sentence: A buddy is a fine life-companion but a friend is that part of the race with which you can be human.The parallel sentences used to show the major differences are:Buddies bonded, but friends loved.Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other.Buddies seemed to "do" things together; friends simply "were" together.Rhetorical features of the text1. Joining clauses with a coordinator:Buddies bonded, but friends loved. (Paragraph 8)Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other. (Paragraph 8)2. Joining clauses with a subordinator:Men affect each other in the reflection of noble or friendly acts, whilst women ask fewer proofs and more signs and expressions of attachment. (Paragraph 7) Men often keep their buddies in these categories, while women keep a special category for friends. (Paragraph 9)3. Joining clauses with a punctuation mark:Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other. (Paragraph 11)Buddies try to keep the worst from each other; friends confess it. (Paragraph 12)Note that in these sentences the semicolon cannot be replaced by a comma. Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. endings of profound significance2. actions and words that show intimacy3. disgusting secrets4. to be dispassionate and moderate in behavior5. closed life with very little communication with the outsideII. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate form.1. hang together2. picking on3. soldiering4. showing ... off5. will make a difference6. binges7. intimacy8. resiliencyIII. F ill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. fragility2. drastic3. replacement4. athleticism5. portrayal6. inheritance7. confidence 8. embarrassingIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. B2. B3. C4. B5. A6. A7. C8. DV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: alter (transfer, change)2. Synonym: show (indicate, manifest, exhibit)3. Synonym: delicate (slight, nice, fine)4. Antonym: prosperity (success)5. Synonym: consider (regard, deem, judge)6. Synonym: embarrassed (uneasy, uncomfortable)7. Synonym: embrace (hold, cuddle)8. Synonym: astonishing (amazing)IV. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1. argument2. projects3. friendly4. finished5. not to hurry6. sensible; well-foundedGrammar exercisesI. Improve the following sentences.1. The students of Class One are more hardworking than those of Class Two.2. He has sat at the table for several hours and drunk considerably more wine than is good for his health.3. The greater the achievements (are), the more modest we should be.4. The British are crazy about pets. It is said that British parents take better care of their pets than of their children.5. Tom likes pop music more than his eighteen-year-old daughter does.6. Mary would do it much more quickly than I would.7. I like Betty and Mary, but I think Betty's the nicer of the two.8. It's the most expensive car in the world.II. Rewrite the following sentences, omitting whatever can be omitted without change of meaning.1. In 1970, the number of students in our school was about five hundred, and in 1981, over two thousand.2. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.3. Paul likes poetry, but Peter fiction.4. The hunter was frightened and was firing at the bear.5. While at college, he was a prominent athlete.6. Mr Brown teaches, and his son studies, at Cambridge.7. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything; Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.8. Max lost but Sue found the key to the safe.III. O mit the subject and auxiliary verbs of the relative clauses.1. The aeroplane, loaded to capacity, was a long time taking off.2. Any dutiable articles not declared to the customs will be liable to confiscation.3. This scene, superbly acted by Henry Irving, moved the audience to tears.4. Overseas letters sent by airmail reach their destination faster than those sent by train or ship.5. The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.6. Words spoken in haste often lead to trouble.7. Not a single case of T.B. was found in the X-rays studied.8. The men, soaked with sweat from an all-night march, immediately went into action. IV. Fill in the blanks with rather or fairly.1. rather2. rather3. fairly/rather4. fairly5. rather6. rather7. rather 8. ratherV. Rewrite the following paragraph into direct speech.What have you done to your clothes? How could you have managed to get so muddy? If you've been playing on the river bank, it's extremely naughty of you. You know the banks are very slippery and that you might fall in and drown. You both know you've been forbidden to play near the river.VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlinedstructures in your sentences.(Reference version)1. He didn't come to help, but to hinder us.2. They didn't find her until the next day.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 电影镜头这种观察社会的特殊眼睛好像彻底变换了聚焦对象。