文体学PPT
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文体学3(3)PPT课件

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Metaphor
➢ A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
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Feminine:
➢ Nature—Mother Nature
➢ Earth--- Mother Earth
➢ morning– Aurora; daughter of the dawn;
➢ evening– the pale child, Eve
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➢ night– empress of silence, and the queen sleep; leading her mother
arms: part of the body; weapons.
row: to row a boat; a row of houses
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➢ There are also words which have more than one basic meaning, or have developed figurative meanings:
We stuck, nor breath nor
motion;
As idle as a painted ship
Upon a painted ocean.
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➢ And then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel and shining morning face, creeping like snail unwillingly to school… (W. Shakespeare: As You Like It)
文体学Chapter 2 LexicologyPPT精品文档61页

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Lexicology 1. the composition of words– morphemic
devices 2. the meaning of words ---lexical devices
• 2.1 Morphemic devices
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful language unit, which cannot be devided into smaller unit without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.
---- Lexicology is concerned with the study of the meaning of words the composition of words. (Zhang Delu, 2019)
The purpose of lexicological study in relation to stylistics
• Deviation变异: linguistic features which depart from the norm or from the common core.
• Stylistic effects can be achieved by two major ways: P15
• ---by violating the existing norm, rules, principles and conventions
Introduction
Definition of Lexicology ---- Lexicology studies the choice of specific
Lexicology 1. the composition of words– morphemic
devices 2. the meaning of words ---lexical devices
• 2.1 Morphemic devices
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful language unit, which cannot be devided into smaller unit without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.
---- Lexicology is concerned with the study of the meaning of words the composition of words. (Zhang Delu, 2019)
The purpose of lexicological study in relation to stylistics
• Deviation变异: linguistic features which depart from the norm or from the common core.
• Stylistic effects can be achieved by two major ways: P15
• ---by violating the existing norm, rules, principles and conventions
Introduction
Definition of Lexicology ---- Lexicology studies the choice of specific
文体学五种文体PPT

——Declaration of Independence
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Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
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Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
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Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
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Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
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Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
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Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
现代文阅读文体知识ppt课件

⑴地点唯一 ⑵地点转移
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
人物要素 ⑴ 主要人物:体现文章主题思想的是主要人物。 ⑵ 次要人物:次要人物的作用也不可忽视。 ⑶ 主次要人物的关系: 有对比关系,体现着作 者不同的情感和对问题的思索。
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
人物描写 语言描写:描写人物的语言(包括对话)。
作用: 表现人物的思想性格,推动情节发展。
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
记叙文的分类
从写作的对象可分为: 写人的记叙文 叙事的记叙文 写景的记叙文 状物的记叙文
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
景等,为人物和事件提供舞台。
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
环境描写的作用 用来交代故事发生的时间、地点,创设故事展开
的环境,揭示时代背景,推动情节发展,渲染气氛,烘 托人物的心情,衬托人物的思想性格
各类文体教学内容确定全解课堂PPT

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二、诗歌教学内容的选择与确定
❖[定义]诗歌是通过形象思维,用凝练、形象 和富有韵律节奏的语言,抒发主观情感, 反映社会生活的文学样式。
❖[特点]语言高度集中;感情极其强烈;节奏 非常鲜明;韵律十分优美;形式分行排列 等。
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❖诗歌教学不仅能提高学生的鉴赏能 力、想像能力、审美能力,而且还 能陶治情操、培养个性、增强民族 自豪感。
❖如《雨巷》《再别康桥》
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(一)诗歌教学的内容要求
1、了解诗歌类别 ❖按时代可分为旧诗、新诗。旧诗包
括四言诗、骚体诗、乐府诗、格律 诗、词、曲等; ❖按内容可分抒情诗、叙事诗、说理 诗等;
❖按形式可分为自由诗、格律诗、民 歌、诗剧、散文诗等。
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❖诗歌教学可采用“点面结合,以点 带面”的方法进行教学。具体地说, 就是我们可把课本所选的诗歌作为 “点”,以此连 “线”,组成 “面”。
❖如读《伐檀》以了解《诗经》;读《涉 江》以了解《楚辞》;读《孔雀东南飞》 以了解汉乐府;读《大江东去》以了解 词;读《高祖还乡》以了解曲;读《致 橡树》以了解新诗。
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2、体验诗歌情感
❖诗歌最基本的特征是“强烈的抒情”。 ❖陆机说:“诗缘情。” ❖严羽说:“诗者吟咏性情也。” ❖朱熹说:“诗本性情。” ❖藏克家说:“诗歌在文艺领域里独树一
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从哪些方面确定散文的教学内容?
➢ 其一,作者个性化的言语表达、语句章法。 ➢ 其二,作者的所见所闻及其个人化的言说对象。
《故都的秋》是郁达夫心中的“故都的秋” ➢ 其三,作者的所思所想,他独特的情感认知。
核心词:语言、意味、情感
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散文教学一般思路介绍
“聚焦—寻意 ”教学模式:
解读文题——探寻焦点——求索细节——揣摩语言—— 体味情感——探寻意旨——美读欣赏
二、诗歌教学内容的选择与确定
❖[定义]诗歌是通过形象思维,用凝练、形象 和富有韵律节奏的语言,抒发主观情感, 反映社会生活的文学样式。
❖[特点]语言高度集中;感情极其强烈;节奏 非常鲜明;韵律十分优美;形式分行排列 等。
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❖诗歌教学不仅能提高学生的鉴赏能 力、想像能力、审美能力,而且还 能陶治情操、培养个性、增强民族 自豪感。
❖如《雨巷》《再别康桥》
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(一)诗歌教学的内容要求
1、了解诗歌类别 ❖按时代可分为旧诗、新诗。旧诗包
括四言诗、骚体诗、乐府诗、格律 诗、词、曲等; ❖按内容可分抒情诗、叙事诗、说理 诗等;
❖按形式可分为自由诗、格律诗、民 歌、诗剧、散文诗等。
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❖诗歌教学可采用“点面结合,以点 带面”的方法进行教学。具体地说, 就是我们可把课本所选的诗歌作为 “点”,以此连 “线”,组成 “面”。
❖如读《伐檀》以了解《诗经》;读《涉 江》以了解《楚辞》;读《孔雀东南飞》 以了解汉乐府;读《大江东去》以了解 词;读《高祖还乡》以了解曲;读《致 橡树》以了解新诗。
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2、体验诗歌情感
❖诗歌最基本的特征是“强烈的抒情”。 ❖陆机说:“诗缘情。” ❖严羽说:“诗者吟咏性情也。” ❖朱熹说:“诗本性情。” ❖藏克家说:“诗歌在文艺领域里独树一
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从哪些方面确定散文的教学内容?
➢ 其一,作者个性化的言语表达、语句章法。 ➢ 其二,作者的所见所闻及其个人化的言说对象。
《故都的秋》是郁达夫心中的“故都的秋” ➢ 其三,作者的所思所想,他独特的情感认知。
核心词:语言、意味、情感
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散文教学一般思路介绍
“聚焦—寻意 ”教学模式:
解读文题——探寻焦点——求索细节——揣摩语言—— 体味情感——探寻意旨——美读欣赏
各种文体培训课程(ppt 36张)

7.摹状貌 为了使被说明对象更形象、具体,可以进行 状貌摹写,这种说明方法叫摹状貌。( 8.引用 为了使说明的内容更充实具体,可以引资料 说明。引资料的范围很广,可以是经典著作,名 家名言,公式定律,典故谚语等。 9.分类别 将被说明的对象,按照一定的标准划分成不 同的类别,一类一类地加以说明。 10.列数字 引用的数字,一定要准确无误,不准确的数 字绝对不能用,即使是估计的数字,也要有可靠 的根据,并力求近似。
抒情手法 直抒胸臆(《书愤》) 托物言志(《石灰吟》) 寓情于景(《登高》《石头 城》)
律诗分为四联:首联,颔联,颈联和尾 联。律诗:每首限定八句:五律规定每句 五字,全首共40字;七律规定每句七字, 全首共56字。 《过故人庄》 孟浩然 故人具鸡黍,邀我至田家。 绿树村边合,青山郭外斜。 开轩面场圃,把酒话桑麻。 待到重阳日,还来就菊花。
4.列图表 为了把复杂的事物说清楚,还可以采用图表 法,来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠,对有些事物解 说更直接、更具体。 使读者直观,一目了然的了 解事物的特征。 5.作诠释 从一个侧面,就事物的某一个特点做些解释, 这种方法叫诠释法。 6.打比方 利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较, 以突出事物的形状特点。用这个方法,可以使抽 象复杂说得浅显易懂,具体生动。
学习说明顺序要注意相关的语言因素
时间顺序要注意表明时间的
词语 空间顺序要注意表明方位的 词语 逻辑顺序要注意表明因果关 系的词语
文章采用什么顺序,主要取决于作者所 说明对象的特点。说明事物的发展变化,时 间顺序容易表示清楚。写建筑物的结构,离 开空间顺序难让读者看明白。说明事理用逻 辑顺序,正便于体现事理的内部联系。 说明语言: 准确性 平实性 周密性 科学性
文体学第八章(话语方式)PPT课件
mousepad, click-in, click-and-buy, firmware,
software, webcast, webmaster, netnews, cyberspace, cyberculture等
拼缀20法21/3/的12 例子也有,如netizen,
后缀法、缩写也很 11
使用大量的缩略语:
英语文体学
第八章
口语、书面语和网络语 (话语方式)
2021/3/12
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1. 概述
---根据语言的传播方式划分
---三者出现的先后顺序不同
---语言根据媒介传统上只作口语和书面语的划 分。网络语是一种新的语言变体,它既表现 出口语的特点,又是靠文字符号来表现的, 不能简单地归为书面语或者口语
---口语体和书面语体的划分不宜采用“一刀 切”,并不是说凡是脱口而出的就是口语体, 而凡是写下来的东西都具有书面语体的特征
afaik (as far as I know), asap (as soon as possible), a/s/l (age/sex/location), b4 (before), cu (see you), f? (friend?), f2f (face to face), o4u (only for you), ruok (are you ok?), sol (sooner or later), thx (thanks), tttt (to tell the truth), wb (welcome back), X (typical woman), Y (typical man), ic (I see), idk (I don’t know), imo (in my opinion)
---网络语中也有副语言特征的替代方式,有的使
文体学五种文体ppt课件
Example
"I've tried it,and it don't work;it don't work,Tom.It ain't for me...The widder eats by a bell;she goes to bed by a bell;she gits up by a bell---everything's so awful reg'lar a body can't Declaration of Independence
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia
general,and is now in Congress." ——Rip Van Winkle
Casual style
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
《文体学五种文体》课件
3 写作技巧
运用场景描写和人物心 理刻画,增强故事吸引 力。
描写文
定义:以物体、人物、景色等为对象,对其进行详细的描写和刻画的文体。
特点
通过精细描写绘制生动画面,让读者感受到事物的形态和特点。
常见类型
风景描写、人物描写、物品描写等。
写作技巧
使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法,增加描写的艺术性和感染力。
说明文
定义:通过解释、说明或展示某一事物或现象的特点、性质、原理等的文体。
1
特点
结构清晰明了,注重事实陈述和逻辑推理。
2
常见类型
科普文章、说明书、教程等。
3
写作技巧
简洁明了、通俗易懂的语言,Illustrated Or Descriptive PPT Slides,帮助读者更好理解。
议论文
定义:通过明确论点,分析论证和阐述观点的文体。
《文体学五种文体》PPT 课件
通过《文体学五种文体》PPT课件,我们将深入探讨不同文体的定义、特点、 常见类型和写作技巧,帮助您更好地理解和运用这些不同的文风。
记叙文
定义:一种以时间为基础,叙述事件发展和人物故事的文体。
1 特点
注重事件顺序和时间表 达,具有连贯性。
2 常见类型
小说、故事、传记等。
1
特点
提出明确立场,辩证论证和回应不同观点。
2
常见类型
论述,评论,辩论等。
3
写作技巧
运用论据和例证,具体分析问题,提出合理观点。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
诗歌
定义:以表达情感和思想为目的,通过艺术语言创作的文体。
特点
押韵,节奏感强,富有声音美 和意象美。
常见类型
古体诗、现代诗、民间诗等。
文体学批评(课堂PPT)
• 大致来看,出现了主要倾向于西方文体学研究 与中国传统文体学研究各胜擅场的局面。
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三、西方古代的文体学批评
• 古希腊时期:
• 古希腊智者派、柏拉图、亚里士多德
• 2、具有一定的整体性和开放性,注重文体 的文化功能和语言风格的必要联系,注重文 体研究在语体、风格、体裁多个层面的展开;
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中国古代文体学批评的特色
• 3、更侧重于写作层面的讨论。与当下文体 学批评侧重阅读和批评的视野之间正可以达 成某种互为补充的作用。中国古代文体学的 珍贵遗产值得我们不断深入研究和总结。
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内容导航
第一节、文体学批评概述 第二节、文体学批评的理论特征 第三节、文体学批评的操作方法 第四节、文体学批评评述
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第一节、文体学批评概述
一、中国古代的文体学批评 二、中国现代文体学的兴起与发展 三、西方古代的文体学批评 四、西方现代文体学批评的兴起与发展
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一、中国古代的文体学批评
先秦
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王世贞论文体
首尾开阖,繁简奇正,各极其度,篇 法也:抑扬顿挫,长短节奏,各极其 致,句法也;点缀关键,金石绮彩, 各极其造。字法也。篇有百尺之锦, 句有千钧之驽,字有百炼之金。
--徐师曾:《文体明辨序说·文章纲领》
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夫文章之有体裁,犹宫室之有制度, 器皿之有法式也。
---(明)徐师曾
文章之有体也,此陶冶之型范,而方 圆之规矩也。 ---(明)顾尔行
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中国古代文体学批评的主要内容
• 一、对语言或修辞的研究 • 二、文体辨析 • 1、文体类别辨析 • 2、文体风格辨析 • 3、文体源流辨析
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三、西方古代的文体学批评
• 古希腊时期:
• 古希腊智者派、柏拉图、亚里士多德
• 2、具有一定的整体性和开放性,注重文体 的文化功能和语言风格的必要联系,注重文 体研究在语体、风格、体裁多个层面的展开;
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中国古代文体学批评的特色
• 3、更侧重于写作层面的讨论。与当下文体 学批评侧重阅读和批评的视野之间正可以达 成某种互为补充的作用。中国古代文体学的 珍贵遗产值得我们不断深入研究和总结。
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内容导航
第一节、文体学批评概述 第二节、文体学批评的理论特征 第三节、文体学批评的操作方法 第四节、文体学批评评述
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第一节、文体学批评概述
一、中国古代的文体学批评 二、中国现代文体学的兴起与发展 三、西方古代的文体学批评 四、西方现代文体学批评的兴起与发展
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一、中国古代的文体学批评
先秦
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王世贞论文体
首尾开阖,繁简奇正,各极其度,篇 法也:抑扬顿挫,长短节奏,各极其 致,句法也;点缀关键,金石绮彩, 各极其造。字法也。篇有百尺之锦, 句有千钧之驽,字有百炼之金。
--徐师曾:《文体明辨序说·文章纲领》
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夫文章之有体裁,犹宫室之有制度, 器皿之有法式也。
---(明)徐师曾
文章之有体也,此陶冶之型范,而方 圆之规矩也。 ---(明)顾尔行
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中国古代文体学批评的主要内容
• 一、对语言或修辞的研究 • 二、文体辨析 • 1、文体类别辨析 • 2、文体风格辨析 • 3、文体源流辨析
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Analysis of the Speech
07商二:赵春雪
Theme Language Rhetorical device Style
Theme
This is a public speech,especialy an inaugural adress.Sral speech,Kennedy wants to make clear it is not a partisan occasion but an occasion for celebrating free elections and democracy.Because he tries to show he is the Presideng of the Americans and thus beyond the partisan bitterness in the electoral campaign
With the United States,as well as to persuade newly independent countries and other poor Third World countries that the new administration would be friendly to them.Futher Kennedy hoped to persuade the Soviet Union and the other Warsaw Pact countries that the new administration bore them no ill-will and waned to work with them for peace and prosperity.
Anthesis Eg:United,there is little we cannot do Divided,there is little we can do the“not…but”structure Eg:not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom
Style
The speech is delivered by President Kennedy as an inaugural adress, which should be enough solemn and forceful. The speech fits the occasion well for it is considered as one of the best adresses which were delievered by the American Presidents. First, he is the president of the American people, and wants to show them he is the one among them, he uses “we” for 30 times, “us” 11times, “our” 20 times, but “I” for only 5 times. Second, Kennedy mentions God in the speech to express the new American goal. It shows that the goal is full of solemnity. Third, he uses some rhetorical devices to emphasize the key ideas and chooses the words carefuly enough.
Language
Presidential inauguraion is a solemn occasion which repuires a formal speech.Hence the employment of pseudo-Roman and biblical language to add solemnity.At the same time Kennedy’s speech was designed to convince and to persuade.He wants to convince the American people and the world that the President and his team were capable of leadership,with vigor and with vision.He needed to persuade the all allies to stand
Rhetorical device
Parallel structure eg:We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. We shall not always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom Metaphor remember that,in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. Anaphora eg:To hoes old allies To thoes people in the huts and villages To our sister republics
07商二:赵春雪
Theme Language Rhetorical device Style
Theme
This is a public speech,especialy an inaugural adress.Sral speech,Kennedy wants to make clear it is not a partisan occasion but an occasion for celebrating free elections and democracy.Because he tries to show he is the Presideng of the Americans and thus beyond the partisan bitterness in the electoral campaign
With the United States,as well as to persuade newly independent countries and other poor Third World countries that the new administration would be friendly to them.Futher Kennedy hoped to persuade the Soviet Union and the other Warsaw Pact countries that the new administration bore them no ill-will and waned to work with them for peace and prosperity.
Anthesis Eg:United,there is little we cannot do Divided,there is little we can do the“not…but”structure Eg:not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom
Style
The speech is delivered by President Kennedy as an inaugural adress, which should be enough solemn and forceful. The speech fits the occasion well for it is considered as one of the best adresses which were delievered by the American Presidents. First, he is the president of the American people, and wants to show them he is the one among them, he uses “we” for 30 times, “us” 11times, “our” 20 times, but “I” for only 5 times. Second, Kennedy mentions God in the speech to express the new American goal. It shows that the goal is full of solemnity. Third, he uses some rhetorical devices to emphasize the key ideas and chooses the words carefuly enough.
Language
Presidential inauguraion is a solemn occasion which repuires a formal speech.Hence the employment of pseudo-Roman and biblical language to add solemnity.At the same time Kennedy’s speech was designed to convince and to persuade.He wants to convince the American people and the world that the President and his team were capable of leadership,with vigor and with vision.He needed to persuade the all allies to stand
Rhetorical device
Parallel structure eg:We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. We shall not always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom Metaphor remember that,in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. Anaphora eg:To hoes old allies To thoes people in the huts and villages To our sister republics