专业英语第一篇文章翻译
专业英语第一篇文章翻译
Historical Development of Matertials and TechnologyThe common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use.The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys.◆Phase: 相；阶段。
◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part ofsomething's developmentExample：phase two of the development is in progress.◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。
汽车专业英语课文翻译1
Types of Automobiles汽车的类型The automobile industry is a fast developing industry. Form the later 18th century when the first automobile was put on road, this industry has developed tremendously. Now there are thousands of factories all over the world manufacturing numerous types of automobiles. This industry employs crores of men and women directly and indirectly in allied industries. The automobile engines are also being used in engine powered machines for agriculture, construction and manufacturing processes. Various types of small engines are also being used in lawn movers, power saws, snow removers and similar equipment. The automobile industry is a developing and demanding industry which does not find its end or saturation point. There is a great demand for varied types of automotive products, vehicles and engines. There is also a great demand for trained and experienced persons in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines components, transmissions, propeller shafts, differentials, axles, steering system components, brake system components, suspension components, air conditioners, heaters, body and glass work.汽车产业是一个迅速发展的行业。
专业英语全文翻译unit1-unit6
Unit 1 Automotive BasicsAutomobiles, trucks, and buses are essential forms of transportation. They are complex machines made up of many parts. These parts can be grouped into a number of systems. An understanding of how the system work will help you understand how the automobile works.轿车、卡车和客车是交通运输的重要组成部分。
它们都是由许多部件组成的复杂机器。
这些部件可以归类为汽车的几个组成系统。
了解这些各个小系统是如何工作的将有助于我们理解整个汽车系统是如何工作。
An automobile can be divided into two basic parts: a body and a chassis. The body is the enclosure that houses the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is the part of the automobile that you see. The chassis is that part of the automobile beneath the body.汽车可以分为两个基本部分：车身和底盘。
车身包围发动机、乘客和行李，它是汽车你所看到的部分。
而车身以下的部分就是底盘。
An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. For example, insulation in the body reduces noise and protects against heat and cold. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at driving speeds.轿车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发送机罩和行李舱门等部件，它给发动机、乘客和行李提供防护。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。
the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged. 我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。
我们还知道电子的电量是负的并且在数值上等于 1.602100×10-12C，而质子所带的正电量在数值上与电子相等。
质子和电子数量相同使得原子呈现电中性。
We consider the flow of electric charges. A unique feature offlow of negative charges, as Fig.l-1 illustrates. This convention was introduced by Benjamin Franklin (l706～l790), the American scientist and inventor. Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons, we will follow the universally accepted conventionthat current is the net flow of positive charges. Thus, Electriccurrent is the time rate of charge, measured in amperes (A).Mathematically, the relationship among current i , charge q , andtime t is 当我们把一根导线连接到某一电池上时(一种电动势源)，电荷被外力驱使移动；正电荷朝一个方向移动而负电荷朝相反的方向time in several ways that may be represented by different kindsof mathematical functions 我们通过方程（1－1）定义电流的方式表明电流不必是一个恒值函数，电荷可以不同的方式随时间而变化，这些不同的方式可用各种数学函数表达出来。
机械设计制造与自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1 Metals金属Unit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下，奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
专业英语阅读课文翻译
Unit1 chemistry and chemists一、英译汉：化学是什么呢？给化学下个定义，就是对物质及其性质的研究。
给物质下个定义，就是所有有重量、占据一定空间体积的东西。
这些定义是能让人接受的，但是并没有解释一个人为什么要懂化学。
这个问题的答案是，我们生活的世界是化学的世界。
你自己的身体就是一个复杂的化学工厂：用化学过程使你所吃的食物和呼吸的空气变化到骨骼、肌肉、血液和组织，甚至你每天所用的能量。
如果疾病阻止这些过程的某个部分发挥正常功能，医生就会开一些化学类的药物，这些药物要么是从自然界中分离的，要么是化学家从化学实验室合成的。
如果没有化学，我们的生活将无法想象，因为化学就在我们身边发挥作用。
想想如果没有化学生活将会变成什么样子——我们家里将没有塑料、电、用来保护的涂料。
将没有合成纤维使我们有衣穿，没有化肥使我们有足够的食物吃。
因为汽车、轮船和飞机没有金属、橡胶和燃料，我们也不能旅行。
没有电话、收音机、电视和计算机，我们的生活将发生很大变化，所有这些产品都靠化学来生产其中的部件。
因为没有药物治疗疾病，人的寿命也将会变短。
化学处在科学研究的前沿，我们喜欢这个迅速发展的技术，你可以为此做出自己的贡献。
看看最近的几个科技研究：计算机图形学能使我们预知小分子能否与大分子结合或反应，这个足以给治疗疾病的药物带来场新的革命；化学家也正在研究运用化学试剂来获得太阳能并使海水淡化的方法；因为金属易腐蚀，化学家也正在研究使用新型的陶瓷材料代替金属的可能性。
在生物技术帮助下，我们发展了食品的新来源、产生燃料的新方法、以及新的丝绸补救方法。
因为计算机帮助我们预知和解释从试管得到的结果，结果的速度、准确性、质量得到迅速提高，所有这些给产品发展带来益处。
化学家应该给我们提供新材料伴随我们进入新世纪。
从事这项学科，你能为社会做出积极的贡献。
这儿有一些选择化学作为职业的好理由。
首先，如果你对化学有兴趣，你可以有机会给新技术的发展做出贡献。
专业英语翻译第一章
注：电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译 1~7面班级：1002班学号：20姓名：王定瑞PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERINGChapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals第1部分的电气工程基础第1章电路原理Electrostatic Charges静电荷Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.质子和电子部件的原子构成一切事物在我们的世界。
正电荷的质子是类似于负电荷的电子。
然而,一个正电荷的反面是一个负电荷。
这些指控被称为静电荷。
每个带电粒子周围是一个静电场。
The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.这个效应,静电指控对方是非常重要的。
他们要么排斥(离开)或吸引(一起)每个其他。
交通工程专业英语翻译(全)
Unit 1 The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
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Historical Development of Matertials and TechnologyThe common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use.The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys.◆Phase: 相；阶段。
◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part ofsomething's developmentExample：phase two of the development is in progress.◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。
◆Vital: 必要的，必不可少的。
◆it is vital that the system is regularly maintained.这个系统有必要经常维修。
翻译：常用工程材料包括金属、胶合材料、混凝土建筑石料、粘土产品、绝缘材料、木料。
对其中的一些在这儿从出现、制造、性质、检验方法和用途等方面加以描述。
具有改进性能材料的发展是工程上一个至关重要的发展过程。
工程建筑上的进步一直以来依赖于具有合适物理特性材料的大量供应，例如，现代汽车工业严重依赖于高品质的合金钢的可用性，而轻质高强度合金的发展使全金属飞机的成为可能。
It can be said that "The history of materials is the history of man". Of course, the reverse can be stated:"The history of man is the history of materials". It is said that "New materials are a prerequisite for new technologies". Again the reverse is true. Furthermore, it is true that technology influences man and vice versa. From this viewpoint the question of pre-eminence among the three partners, man, materials and technology is an intellectual game: a controversy of the chicken and the egg type.reverse 相反，相对。
文中作名词用“the reverse can be stated…..”Example: This materi al didn’t resist to the heat, quite the reverse.恰恰相反，这种材料根本就不耐热。
除做名词外，还可以做动词和形容词用。
做动词：the ship's engines reversed and cut out altogether.船上的发动机出现反转，然后就全停了。
做形容词：the trend appears to be going in the reverse direction.趋势似乎正在向反方向发展。
◆prerequisite 首要的，必备的，先决条件◆prerequisite for (to) … 的前提或…的先决条件:◆Training is a prerequisite for competence. 接受训练是掌握技能的前提。
◆Recognition is a prerequisite to understanding.◆认识是理解的前提。
◆pre-eminence 超群，优秀、卓越◆文中，”question of pre-eminence”译为：优先性命题。
◆Furthermore, it is true that technology influences man and viceversa.另外，技术的确影响着人类，反之亦然。
vice versa:相反，反之亦然adv.解释：with the main items in the preceding statement the other way round 反过来也一样，反之亦然e.g. science must be at the service of man, and not vice versa.科学必须为人类服务，反之并非这样。
◆From this view point the question of pre-eminence among the threepartners, man, materials, and technology, is an intellectual game: a controversy of the chicken and the egg type.◆从这一观点可见，人类、材料和技术三者之间谁先谁后的问题是一个智力游戏，是个象鸡和蛋之类的引起争论的问题。
（即到底是先有鸡然后有蛋，还是先有蛋然后有鸡这一类问题，人类、材料和技术三者谁为先，谁为后，就像鸡和蛋何者为先一样，所以说这一问题是一个智力游戏。
）The earth's population has been continuously multiplying since early man first appeared about two million years B.C. The population grew by a factor of 100 about 500,000 years, from 100,000 to 10 million, and this was reached about 4000 B.C. Despite natural catastrophes, plagures, and decimating wars, by 1820 the population had grown again by a factor of 100 to 1 billion people, this time in less than 6000 years. Today there are about 5 billion people and the doubling rate is only about 33 years. Accordingly, it is possible that in not quite 200 years' time there will already be 100 billion (109) people on Earth.◆翻译：◆自从人类在大约公元前两百万年前出现在地球上以来，地球上的人类一直在不停地成倍增长。
在大约50万年内，人类人口的数量增加了100倍，从10万到1千万，这一千万的人口大约是在公元前4000年达到的。
尽管受到了自然灾害、瘟疫和大规模杀戮战争，到1820年，人口总数又增加了100倍，达到了10亿，这次是在不到6000年的时间内完成的。
现在地球上的人口约有50亿，而翻倍的速度大约仅需要33年。
因此，可能在不到200年的时间内，地球上的人口会达到1千亿（109）。
◆catastrophe大灾害，灾祸。
◆an environmental catastrophe.环境大灾难。
◆Plague 瘟疫，祸患（文中做名词用）◆做动词用：折磨，烦扰，打扰。
◆he has been plagued by ill..◆他一直被病魔折磨着◆decimating 杀死大部分的，毁灭大部分的。
The condition for the flourishing of the species Homo Sapiens have improved over time such that man has made the Earth his subject. Through his materials and their uses in technical devices and processes, man has made favorable living conditions which he modifies continually and to which he in turn continuously adapts.Materials are on of our oldest cultural assets. Historical eras are named after the materials that dominated at that time: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age possibly the end of which we are living through at this time. New materials such as polymers, semiconductors and superconductors, advanced alloys and ceramics, the amorphous metals, and increasingly the composite materials, are appearing on the scene and providing an impetus for technological developments, often with far-reaching consequences. One can expect the discovery of more materials in the future. Every chemical compound and every alloy is a material that could potentially revolutionize our lives to the extent thatthe first stone tools revolutionized the life the early man. Thus the name for the new era should be chosen carefully and perhaps is best left to the future; a position too close could distort the perspective.翻译：近代人类繁衍兴旺的条件随着时间的推移改善了很多，以至于人类使地球受其支配。