quiry实例
第四章询盘发盘函(讲义)
第四章询盘和发盘学习目标：1、掌握询盘函的写作，撰写询盘函；2、掌握发盘的形式和发盘应包括的基本项目；3、合理有效地撰写发盘函。
询盘和发盘是贸易磋商正式开始的初始环节，其中发盘是必不可少的步骤。
正式发盘函又称报价，在法律上称为“要约”。
它是买方或买方向对方提出各项交易条件，并愿意按照这些条件达成交易，订立合同的一种肯定的表示。
出口商一般会在两种情况下发盘：一种是主动向客户发盘，此时由于不知道客户的购买意向，应多考虑发盘的完整性和吸引力；另一种是在收到客户的询盘后作出答复，此时发盘应具有针对性，有的放矢的对对方感兴趣或符合对方要求的商品进行发盘。
第一节询盘一、询盘的类型：询盘也称询价，是为了试探对方对交易的诚意和了解交易条件的意见。
其内容可以涉及价格、品质、数量、包装、交货期以及索取样品、商品目录等，而多数在询问价格。
询盘可以是买方发，也可以是卖方发，可用口头、书面形式。
书面形式可以用电传、电报、邮件，还可以用询价单来询价或是用商务信函来询价。
以下两个询价的实例：买方询盘：Please quote lowest price CFR Singapore for 500 PCS Flying Pigeon Brand bicycle May shipment cable promptly.请报500辆飞鸽牌自行车CFR新加坡的最低价,五月装运，尽速电告。
卖方询盘：Can supply aluminum ingot 99% pct July shipment PIS cable if interested. 可供99%铝锭，七月份装运，如有兴趣请电告。
二、写信要点：1、自我介绍和信息来源；2、说明感兴趣的商品并索要有关的资料；3、要求报价或其他要求。
三、询盘用语(一)术语：1、询盘 Emquiry2、具体询盘 Specific Equiry3、一般询盘 General Enquiry4、询价单 Enquiry Sheet5、报价 Quotation6、佣金 Commission7、折扣 Discount 8、递价 Bid9、折让 Allowance 10、订单 Order11、试订单 Trial Order 12、欧洲主要港口 Eropean Main Ports(EMS) 13、净价 Net Price 14、商标 Trace Mark15、品牌 Brand 16、规格 Specification17、尺码 Size 18、存货 Stock19、批发商 Wholesalers 20、零售商 Retailers21、分销商 Distributors 22、毛利 Gross Profit23、式样 Style 24、设计 Design25、模型 Model 26、花样 Pattern(二)常用句型：句型1：对某产品感兴趣1)We take an interest in various kinds of Man’s Shirts.我们对各种男式衬衫感兴趣。
法律英语_英文案例(3篇)
第1篇Facts:The plaintiff, John Smith, filed a lawsuit against the defendant, Jane Johnson, in the Superior Court of the State of New York. The case revolves around a dispute over the interpretation of a real estate contract and the subsequent breach of the contract by the defendant.Background:John Smith and Jane Johnson entered into a real estate contract on January 1, 2020, for the sale of a residential property located in New York City. The contract, dated January 1, 2020, provided that Smith would purchase the property from Johnson for a total purchase price of $1,000,000. The contract was signed by both parties and contained the following terms:1. Smith was to pay Johnson a deposit of $50,000 upon signing the contract.2. The closing date for the sale was set for March 1, 2020.3. Johnson agreed to convey clear title to the property, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances.4. The contract contained an arbitration clause, which provided that any disputes arising out of the contract would be resolved by an arbitrator appointed by the American Arbitration Association (AAA).On January 2, 2020, Smith paid Johnson the required deposit. However, on February 15, 2020, Johnson notified Smith that she was unable to convey clear title to the property due to an outstanding lien placed on the property by a previous lender. Johnson requested an extension of the closing date to allow her to resolve the lien issue.Smith, in response, demanded that Johnson provide him with an immediate release of the lien or that the contract be terminated. Johnson refused to comply with Smith's demands and failed to provide an immediaterelease of the lien. As a result, the closing did not take place on March 1, 2020, as scheduled.Issues:The central issue in this case is whether Johnson breached the real estate contract by failing to provide clear title to the property and by refusing to comply with the terms of the contract.Legal Analysis:1. Interpretation of the Contract:The court must first interpret the terms of the real estate contract. Under New York law, contracts are to be interpreted according to their plain and ordinary meaning. In this case, the contract clearly states that Johnson agreed to convey clear title to the property, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances.The court must determine whether Johnson's failure to provide cleartitle constitutes a breach of the contract. The plain language of the contract indicates that clear title was an essential term of the agreement. Therefore, Johnson's failure to provide clear title is a material breach of the contract.2. Breach of Contract:A breach of contract occurs when one party fails to perform an essential term of the contract. In this case, Johnson's failure to provide clear title is a clear violation of the contract. Furthermore, Johnson's refusal to comply with the terms of the contract by failing to provide an immediate release of the lien further constitutes a breach of contract.3. Arbitration Clause:The contract contains an arbitration clause, which provides that any disputes arising out of the contract would be resolved by an arbitrator appointed by the AAA. However, the issue of whether Johnson's breach ofcontract constitutes a material breach that would invalidate the arbitration clause is a matter of dispute.Under New York law, a party may challenge the enforceability of an arbitration clause if the breach of contract is so fundamental that it goes to the essence of the contract. The court must determine whether Johnson's breach of contract is fundamental to the agreement.4. Damages:If the court finds that Johnson breached the contract, the next issue is the amount of damages to be awarded to Smith. Smith may seek damages for the loss of the opportunity to purchase the property, as well as any costs incurred in attempting to rectify the breach.Decision:The court finds that Johnson breached the real estate contract byfailing to provide clear title to the property and by refusing to comply with the terms of the contract. Johnson's breach is material and goes to the essence of the agreement. Therefore, the arbitration clause does not apply to this dispute.The court awards Smith damages in the amount of $1,000,000, representing the total purchase price of the property. Additionally, the court awards Smith $50,000 in attorney's fees and costs incurred in bringing this action.Conclusion:This case illustrates the importance of clear and precise contract language in real estate transactions. It also highlights the court'srole in interpreting contracts and determining whether a breach of contract has occurred. Furthermore, the case underscores thesignificance of arbitration clauses in resolving disputes and the circumstances under which such clauses may be invalidated.---This is a simplified example of a legal case and does not cover all the complexities that may arise in a real-world scenario. The case is intended to serve as an educational tool for understanding legalanalysis in English.第2篇INTRODUCTIONThis case study explores the legal dispute between Johnson and Smith, focusing on the issues of contract law, tort law, and damages. The case involves the breach of a contract, the tort of negligence, and the assessment of damages. This analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal principles involved and the outcome of the case.FACTSIn June 2020, Johnson, a contractor, entered into a contract with Smith, a property owner, to renovate his house. The contract specified that the work would be completed within three months from the date of commencement. The contract also included a clause that provided for liquidated damages in the event of a breach.On the agreed date, Johnson commenced the work. However, due to unforeseen circumstances, he was unable to complete the work within the stipulated timeframe. Specifically, Johnson faced difficulties in procuring the necessary materials and labor due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which had disrupted the supply chain. Consequently, Johnson requested an extension of the deadline, which Smith reluctantly granted.Despite the extension, Johnson was still unable to complete the work within the revised timeframe. As a result, Smith sued Johnson for breach of contract and negligence. Smith claimed that Johnson's failure to complete the work on time caused him significant financial and emotional distress.ISSUES1. Breach of ContractThe first issue in this case is whether Johnson breached the contract with Smith. To determine this, we need to analyze the terms of the contract and the extent to which Johnson fulfilled his obligations.2. Tort of NegligenceThe second issue is whether Johnson committed the tort of negligence. To establish negligence, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant owed a duty of care, breached that duty, and caused harm to the plaintiff.3. Assessment of DamagesThe third issue is the assessment of damages suffered by Smith due to Johnson's breach of contract and negligence. This involves quantifying the financial and emotional losses incurred by Smith as a result of Johnson's actions.ANALYSIS1. Breach of ContractThe contract between Johnson and Smith clearly stipulated that the work would be completed within three months. However, Johnson failed tofulfill this obligation due to unforeseen circumstances. The contract also included a clause providing for liquidated damages in the event of a breach. This clause allows the injured party to recover a predetermined sum as damages without proving actual losses.In this case, Johnson's failure to complete the work on time can be considered a breach of contract. However, the question remains whether the breach was due to unforeseen circumstances beyond his control, which may excuse his liability.2. Tort of NegligenceTo establish negligence, Smith must prove that Johnson owed him a duty of care, breached that duty, and caused harm. In this case, Johnson owed a duty of care to Smith as a contractor to perform the work in a competent and timely manner. By failing to complete the work within the stipulated timeframe, Johnson breached this duty.Moreover, Smith suffered financial and emotional distress as a result of Johnson's breach. Therefore, it can be concluded that Johnson committed the tort of negligence.3. Assessment of DamagesIn assessing damages, the court must consider both the financial and emotional losses suffered by Smith. Financial losses may include the cost of hiring another contractor to complete the work, the loss of use of the property during the renovation, and any additional expenses incurred as a result of the delay.Emotional distress can also be considered as part of the damages. Smith may claim compensation for the inconvenience, stress, and anxiety caused by the delay in completing the renovation.CONCLUSIONIn the case of Johnson v. Smith, the court found that Johnson breached the contract and committed the tort of negligence. As a result, the court awarded damages to Smith, which included the cost of hiring another contractor, the loss of use of the property, and compensationfor emotional distress.This case highlights the importance of clear contract terms and the need for contractors to fulfill their obligations. It also underscores the legal implications of breaching a contract and the potential forliability in tort law. Furthermore, it demonstrates the court's approach to assessing damages and its consideration of both financial and emotional losses suffered by the injured party.第3篇Court: Supreme Court of the State of New YorkDate: March 15, 2023Facts:The plaintiff, John Smith, filed a lawsuit against the defendant, Jane Johnson, seeking damages for breach of contract and negligence. The caserevolves around a real estate transaction that took place between the parties in 2021.On January 1, 2021, John Smith entered into a contract with Jane Johnson to purchase a residential property located at 123 Main Street, New York City. The contract was executed and contained all the necessary terms and conditions, including the purchase price, closing date, and specific performance obligations.According to the contract, Jane Johnson was to deliver the property to John Smith by February 28, 2021. However, due to various reasons, Jane Johnson failed to comply with the agreed-upon closing date. The property was finally transferred to John Smith on March 15, 2021, which was 17 days beyond the original agreement.During the delay, John Smith incurred additional expenses, including storage fees for his belongings, temporary housing costs, and loss of rent from his rental property. Moreover, the delay caused significant inconvenience and emotional distress to John Smith and his family.Upon discovering the delay, John Smith contacted Jane Johnson and demanded compliance with the contract. Jane Johnson, however, claimed that she was unable to close the transaction on time due to unforeseen circumstances beyond her control, such as a delay in obtaining the necessary financing.John Smith, dissatisfied with Jane Johnson's explanation, filed alawsuit seeking damages for breach of contract and negligence. He alleged that Jane Johnson's failure to comply with the contract terms caused him substantial financial and emotional harm.Issue:The central issue in this case is whether Jane Johnson's breach of contract and negligence resulted in damages to John Smith, and if so, the amount of damages he is entitled to recover.Discussion:Breach of Contract:John Smith's claim for breach of contract is grounded in the contract between the parties. According to the terms of the agreement, Jane Johnson was obligated to deliver the property to John Smith by February 28, 2021. By failing to do so, she breached her contractual obligations.Under New York law, a breach of contract occurs when one party fails to perform their contractual duties. In this case, Jane Johnson's failure to deliver the property on time constitutes a breach of contract.To recover damages for breach of contract, John Smith must prove that he suffered actual damages as a result of the breach. Actual damages are monetary losses incurred by the plaintiff as a direct result of the breach. In this case, John Smith has presented evidence of the following actual damages:1. Storage fees for his belongings: $5002. Temporary housing costs: $1,2003. Loss of rent from his rental property: $1,0004. Emotional distress: $2,000 (subject to the court's discretion)Negligence:In addition to breach of contract, John Smith also claims that Jane Johnson's actions were negligent. Negligence occurs when a person fails to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm to another person.To establish a claim for negligence, John Smith must prove the following elements:1. Duty of care: Jane Johnson owed him a duty of care to perform the contract in accordance with its terms.2. Breach of duty: Jane Johnson breached her duty by failing to deliver the property on time.3. Causation: The breach of duty caused John Smith to suffer damages.4. Damages: John Smith suffered actual damages as a result of the breach.In this case, John Smith has successfully established each element of negligence. Jane Johnson had a duty to perform the contract as agreed, she breached that duty by failing to deliver the property on time, and the breach caused John Smith to suffer actual damages.Damages:The court must now determine the amount of damages to award John Smith. As previously mentioned, John Smith has presented evidence of the following actual damages:1. Storage fees for his belongings: $5002. Temporary housing costs: $1,2003. Loss of rent from his rental property: $1,0004. Emotional distress: $2,000In addition to these actual damages, the court may also award John Smith damages for his emotional distress. Emotional distress damages are intended to compensate the plaintiff for the pain, suffering, and inconvenience they have endured as a result of the defendant's actions.The court will consider the following factors in determining the amount of emotional distress damages to award:1. The nature and duration of the distress suffered.2. The circumstances surrounding the distress.3. The impact of the distress on the plaintiff's daily life.Decision:Based on the evidence presented, the court finds that Jane Johnson breached the contract and was negligent in her actions. The courtfurther finds that John Smith suffered actual damages, including storage fees, temporary housing costs, loss of rent, and emotional distress.The court awards John Smith the following damages:1. Storage fees: $5002. Temporary housing costs: $1,2003. Loss of rent: $1,0004. Emotional distress: $2,000Conclusion:This case serves as a reminder of the importance of fulfilling contractual obligations and exercising reasonable care. When a breach of contract or negligence occurs, the injured party may seek damages to compensate for their losses. The court's decision in this case reflects the principles of contract law and negligence, ensuring that John Smith receives the compensation he deserves for the harm caused by Jane Johnson's actions.Footnotes:1. New York General Obligations Law § 5-1401.2. Restatement (Second) of Torts § 281.3. See generally, N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 901.End of Case.。
经典：法律英语案例分析
identifying Johnson as her attacker. Will Hixon tells the jury,
"This defendant here is the Negro I saw" with a strap in his
hand. Johnson testifies that he was at the Last Chance
3
the St. Elmo district of Chattanooga 查 塔努加圣埃尔莫区 rapist 强奸犯
4
January 25, 1906 Will Hixon, a white man who worked near the rape scene, tells Shipp that he saw a black man "twirling a leather strap around his finger" shortly before the rape. Hixon later calls Shipp to report having seen the suspect walking toward town. Shipp eventually finds the suspect, Ed Johnson, riding on an ice truck and arrests him. Shipp questions Johnson for three hours, but Johnson claims to know nothing of the rape. Over 1,500 people gather in the courtyard in front of the jail where they assume Johnson is being held. Many in the crowd have guns or rope. The lynch mob storms the jail. Tennessee Governor Cox orders the National Guard to protect the jail, but it is heavily damaged. Johnson, who had been moved to Nashville earlier in the day out of a concern that he might be lynched, is unharmed.
unit3 Enquiry
Business Letters
Caution:
In providing a credit profile, we do not assume any part of the viewer’s business risk and do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information.
• Foreign commercial Counselor’s office in china; • Chamber of Commerce; • Business Directories;
• Professional inquiry agencies.
• Business partners of the exporters
Business Letters
This is a short and simple letter of enquiry for you to get acquainted with the general form.
• Penang, June 20, 2000
Dear Sirs,
We are in the market for Melon Seeds of the first and second grade, and should be appreciated if you let us have your offers with some representative samples by airmail. When offering the seeds, please state the earliest possible time of shipment and quantities available.
rivalry 例子
rivalry 例子Rivalry: The Driving Force Behind Human ProgressIntroductionThroughout human history, competition has been a crucial aspect of societal development. From the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia to the modern-day global arena, rivalry has spurred innovation, propelled advancements, and shaped the course of human progress. This essay explores the significance of rivalry in various domains such as sports, technology, business, and academia, highlighting its positive impact on society.Rivalry in Sports: Cultivating ExcellenceSports rivalries have captivated audiences for centuries, elevating the level of competition and pushing athletes to new heights. The historic rivalry between tennis legends Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, for instance, has resulted in some of the most thrilling matches in the sport's history. Their competitive spirit and determination to outperform each other have driven both players to continually improve their skills, breaking records and captivating fans worldwide. Rivalry not only sparks excellence but also serves as a source of inspiration for aspiring athletes, as they witness the incredible feats achieved through intense competition.Rivalry in Technology: Fostering InnovationIn the ever-evolving realm of technology, rivalry has played a pivotal role in driving innovation. The intense competition between tech giants Apple and Samsung has resulted in groundbreaking advancements. The development of smartphones, for instance, has witnessed remarkable progress due to their intense rivalry in the market. Each company strives to outdo the other, leading to the creation of increasingly sophisticated devices that have transformed the way we communicate and access information. Rivalry fuels the continuous quest for improvement, serving as a catalyst for technological advancements and benefiting consumers worldwide.Rivalry in Business: Fostering Growth and Customer SatisfactionIn the business world, rivalry fuels growth, fosters innovation, and ultimately enhances customer satisfaction. The fierce competition between industry leaders such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi has pushed both companies to constantly improve their products and marketing strategies. This rivalry has led to the introduction of new flavors, sustainable packaging solutions, and creative advertising campaigns. As these companies strive to one-up each other, consumers are presented with an array of choices, improved quality, and competitive pricing. The result is a vibrant marketplace where rivalries lead to superior products and an enhanced customer experience.Rivalry in Academia: Advancing Knowledge and ScholarshipIn the realm of academia, rivalries have played a crucial role in advancing knowledge and scholarship. The rivalry between scientists Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, for example, fueled their groundbreaking research into radioactivity and relativity, respectively. Both scientists were driven by their desire to prove the other wrong, resulting in significant scientific advancements that revolutionized their respective fields. Rivalry between universities and research institutions also motivates scholars to produce cutting-edge research, leading to new discoveries, innovative theories, and improved academic standards. The quest for dominance pushes researchers to continually push the boundaries of knowledge.ConclusionRivalry, in its various forms, is an essential force driving human progress. From the sporting arena to the realms of technology, business, and academia, competition has consistently spurred innovation, fostered growth, and resulted in advancements that have transformed society. Rivalry serves as a catalyst for excellence, inspiring individuals and organizations to continuously redefine what is possible. Embracing healthy competition and learning from rivals can lead to extraordinary achievements, propelling us further towards a brighter future.。
英语典例
1. We have the pleasure to be informed that you have received the full payment byEUR33505 ,pls kindly advise the valid estimated time of departure under shipping schedule .Did you arrange the necessary pre-shipment inspection by BIVAC Inspection Company? if did, pls draw your attention to note, after inspection, you shall supply them with your final documentation (final invoice, final packing list, shipment document if requested), those documents are required to enable issuance of the Report of Findings. According to ANGOLA import regulation, importer just picks their container up once they submit the Report of Findings and original B/L, CNCA, and others documents to Angola Customs authority.When the original B/L , CNCA, HC, CO are issued ready for shipment, pls delivery them to our colleagues in ANGOLA by Express Service as below address, then provide the express waybill number with us immediately.Looking forward to receiving your prompt reply and many thanks!据通知你们已收到货款EUR33505，请告之此柜何时开船？请问此柜有没有安排BIVAC检验？敬请留意，检验后，你们需提供最终文件（最终发票，最终装箱单，及要求的出货文件），最终报告是一定要求提供这些文件后才能出来的。
外贸英语各流程常用句型单词-详细
外贸英语900句之询盘Inquiry（一）Heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products。
大量询盘证明我们产品质量过硬。
As soon as the price picks up, enquiries will revive.一旦价格回升，询盘将恢复活跃。
Enquiries for carpets are getting more numerous。
对地毯的询盘日益增加。
Enquiries are so large that we can only than allot you 200 cases。
询盘如此之多，我们只能分给你们200箱货. Enquiries are dwindling.询盘正在减少。
Enquiries are dried up。
询盘正在绝迹.They promised to transfer their future enquiries to Chinese Corporations.他们答应将以后的询盘转给中国公司Generally speaking，inquiries are made by the buyers. 询盘一般由买方发出。
Mr。
Baker is sent to Beijing to make an inquiry at China National Textiles Corporation。
贝克先生来北京向中国纺织公司进行询价。
We regret that the goods you inquire about are not available.很遗憾，你们所询的货物现在无货。
In the import and export business，we often make inquiries at foreign suppliers。
在进出口交易中,我们常向外商询价。
To make an inquiry about our oranges, a representative of the Japanese company paid us a visit。
商务英语作文专栏-Inquiry
商务英语作文专栏- Inquiry在对外贸易中，询盘，也叫询价（inquiry或enquiry）是买方或买方对于所要购买或出售的商品向另一方作出的询问。
询盘是交易的起点，可以分为：普通询盘（a general inquiry）:索取普通资料，诸如：目录（ a catalogue）、价目表或报价单（ a price-list or quotation sheets）、样品（a sample）、图片（illustrated photo prints）等。
具体询盘（a specific inquiry）: 具体询问商品名称（the name of the commodity）、规格（the specifications）、数量（the quantity）、单价（the unit price fob…cif…）,装船期（the time of shipment）、付款方式（the terms of payment）等。
询盘一般多为买方向卖方发出，买方通过询盘信，简明扼要的向卖方了解一般的商品信息。
利用e-mail 写询盘信，无须写的过分客气，只需具体、简洁、措词得体。
有的询盘信开门见山，直截了当说明订购打算，希望对方给予一定优惠条件；有的询盘信则以征询信息的方式，不许下订货诺言，以避免结果未订购可能形成的日后交易中的障碍。
2。
实用范例subject: enquirydear sir,we are interested in buying large quantities of steel screws i n all sizes.we would be obliged if you would give us a quotation per k ilogram c&f liverpool, england. it would also be appreciated if y ou could forward samples and your price-list to us.we used to purchase these products from other sources. we may now prefer to buy from your company because we underst and that you are able to supply larger quantities at more attractive prices. in addition, we have confidence in the quality of your products.we look forward to hearing from you by return e-mail.sincerely,主题：询盘亲爱的先生：本公司有意大量购买各型号钢螺钉，欲知每公斤运抵英国利物浦的成本价运费价格。
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Sap Query T-code：sq01（path：information systems / ad hoc report / abap query）1.创建用户组
进入environment / user groups，输入新的User group点击Create后输入描述并保存
2.创建infosets
进入environment / infosets，在infoset里输入名字zvendor_test并create,chu
输入名称，选择Logical database并输入表名KDF，选择Fixed point arithmetic后继续
继续
新建，在Create Field Groups屏幕下创建两个功能组窗口A1和A2。
继续
进入，选中右边的field group和左边的field data，鼠标右键选择增加字段给字段组
当左边列出的table 不能满足右边需要时，可选择Node Extras 以增加table 供其它的field group 选择
输入需要的table name
完成两个表对应的字段，继续
选中另一个table，在extras状态下新建
选择code，如下
加了一个Additional fields：CORRECT_AMOUNT,即
将该字段添加到field group：A2中
选择generate并继续，退出。
3.为用户组分配infosets
进入user group界面
点击Assign users and infosets，分配给某个用户
执行Assign Infosets，进入分配infoset的界面，选择需要的infoset，此例选择的是lotussap4和z_gl_detail
save并退出，description这个组可以看到infosets的分配情况
4.创建Query
Environment / Queries
输入Query名：M1，create
双击Z_GL_DETAIL
next进入下一屏
选择需要的字段，next
选择需要的字段，输入先后次序，
选择Basic List，进入下一屏
如：选择Chart of accounts并插入到列表中，可输入‘输出字长’和‘输出位置’之后Apply
全部insert 之后可以调整格式，也可以delete
点Header可以插入抬头，如：General Ledger History
双击抬头可以设置日期，时间，页码等
如果不需要其它修改即可保存执行excute。