牛津高中英语虚拟语气的全部考点和记忆技巧

虚拟语气的基本容

【开头引入】

If 如果(如果有两种可能,有可能发生的，不可能发生的。)

①有可能发生If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park.

②不可能发生虚拟语气，例如，如果我是明，。。。

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所以，凡表示与事实不符的假设，想象，愿望时，需用虚拟语气表达。

一、If 引导的虚拟

（一）If 引导的虚拟语气,可用下表表示。

①与现在事实相反：If I had wings, I would fly over the sea.

②If she were rich, she would buy a bigger house.

If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk on the earth.

②与过去事实相反：

If You had gone to the party, You would have seen YaoMing.

If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

③与将来事实相反：

If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting.

If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together.

If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go skating.

（二）if虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。

如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had, should,可把if 省略，把were, had, should 提到主语前面，成为倒装结构。

①If I were you, I would accept the challenges.

----Were I you, I would accept the challenges

②If you had informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract.

----Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract.

③If she should be my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.

----Should she be my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.

要不是…”

①Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss.

要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了一个好的老板。

②Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.

当时要不是你，我就迷路了。

**如果谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动词的缩略形式。

3. If it weren’t for the expense, I would go broad now.

Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.

Exercises.1

1.Had she worked harder, she _____________________ (succeed).

2.If the lawyer had been here last Saturday, he ________________me from going.

(prevent)

3.__________ such a disaster _________, the damage would be incalculable. (occur)

4._________he _________ today, he would get there by Friday. (leave)

5.If there were life on Mars, such life forms __________ unable to survive on the

earth.(be)

6.--Did you remind him of the meeting?

--No, if I __________at home, I would have.(be)

7.—John went to the hospital alone.

—If he _____ me about it , I would have gone with him.

A. should tell

B. tells

C. told

D. had told

9. If we ____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A. take

B. had taken

C. took

D. have taken

10. This printer is of good quality. If it ____ break down within the first year, we would

repair it at our expense.

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

11. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and money ____.

A. would have been saved

B. had been saved

C. will be saved

D. was saved

二、错综时间条件句

*注意：考试时会出现一种情况，从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间不一致，被称为“错综时间条件句”，我们要分别根据从句和主句的动作发生的时间对其进行虚拟。

例如：

①If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。

②If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。

③If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天方便的话，我们就可以把他送到去了。

Exercises 2

1.May be if I ____science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied

B. would study

C. had studied

D. was studying

2. Look! If we had begun to do the work yesterday morning, we ____ ourselves just like them.

A. would have enjoyed

B. were to enjoy

C. should enjoy

D. would be enjoying

3. If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you ________ so bad now.

A. wouldn’t have felt

B. don’t feel

C. wouldn’t be feeling

D. aren’t feeling

4. If the United States had built more homes for the poor in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts of this country __________ so serious.

A. wouldn’t be

B. won’t be

C. will not have been

D. would not have been

三、含蓄条件句。

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句，而是通过介词短语，副词，连词替代来代替条件从句。

例如：

1. 如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成任务。

If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.

?Had it not been for your help, …

?Without/ But for your help……

2.我那天生病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。

If I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

?I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill that day.

?I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

四、特殊句式

1. 馒头-面条原理用于表示建议，决定，命令等词语后的that-从句

①用在suggest(建议)，insist(坚决要求)，order(命令，下令)，advise(劝告，忠告)，propose(提议，建议)，recommend(劝告，建议)和require(法规要求，规定)等动词之后的that-宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。

1.He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.

2.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.

3.He advised that she (should) wait for a few weeks.

4.We proposed that someone neutral (should) take the chair.

5.Teachers recommend parents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles

to school for safety.

注意：当suggest 表示“暗示”，“表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

1.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

2.The man insisted that he had never stole the money.

②用在idea, suggestion, advice, request, proposal, demand, order, plan等名词之后的that-表语从句和同位语从句。从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。

1.My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.

2.We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.

3.Your advice that she (should) wait till next week is reasonable.

4.He ignored the neighbor’s requests that he (should) make less noise.

5.My demand is that the information referred in my report (should) be emailed to Mr.

Brown without delay.

③It is suggested/ strange/ important/necessary/ essential/ recommended/ natural/ a pity that +从句。从句的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。如果从句动作先发生，则用should have+过去分词。

1.It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.

2.It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.

3.It was necessary that he (should) leave immediately.

4.It is absolutely essential that all the facts (should) be examined first.

5.It is recommended that the work (should) not be started until all the preparations have

been made.

注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist 表示“坚持说，力言”之意，后面不用虚拟语气。例如：

①The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。

②The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

那个人坚持他没有偷钱。

1个坚持：insist

1个决定：decide

2个命令：order/ command

3个要求：demand/require/desire

4个建议：advise/propose/suggest/recommend

VIP Tips :虚拟语气在从句中的运用，主要在在上面这些表示建议命令要求等的词汇后面，

用should+动词原形。要熟记上面的词汇，同时要掌握这些词汇的名词形式及有的形容词的形式，在考试时题目有时会故意省略should，自己要根据这些提示词来判断后面的虚拟语气。

Exercises 3

1. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ____________ the rules. (obey)

2. I don’t think it advisable that Tom _____________ to the job since he was experienced. (assign)

3. My suggestion is that the experiment _____________ in another way. (do)

4. It is of utmost importance that you _____________here on time. (be)

5. It was proposed that the matter __________________ at the next meeting. (discuss)

6. The doctor has given the order that the patient ____________a bath every day. (have)

7. It is vital that you ________________ our competitor to know our plan. (permit)

8. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives _______________into account before starting a new project. (take)

9. He did his homework carefully for fear that he _____________.

A. made a mistake

B. makes a mistake

C. make a mistake

D. would make a mistake

10. It is decided that he ____________ for a bus to meet the guests from Beijing.

A. call

B. calls

C. arrange

D. arranged

2. wish 引导的宾语从句表示一种不太可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。谓语动词的构成如下：

注意：此语法规则同样适用于if only+句子= how I wish +that从句

3. would rather +宾语从句

如用虚拟语气，其构成为would rather+动词过去式/过去完成时（从句动作先发生），意为“我宁愿…”

1.She will get home at dinner time, but I would rater she got home a little earlier.

2.He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.

Exercises 4

1.They offered this expensive wine, but frankly I’d rather they__________(offer) me some

beer.

2.I wish I _____________ able to talk it over with him when he was here last night. (be)

3.Look at the terrible situation I am in! How I wish I _______________ your advice. (take)

4.Sometimes I wish I ___________________ in a different time and a different place. (live)

5.Wouldn’t you rather your child ____________ bed early? (go)

6.His wife would rather that they ______________ about the matter any more. (not talk)

7.If only the explosion_________________, those people would not have been killed.

(happen)

8.How I wish it _______________(rain). If it ________________ in a few days, the crops

would be saved. (rain)

9.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I would rather he

___________ more on its culture.(focus)

3. It is (high) time (that)…

意为（现在）该…，表示提议。从句前无that, 谓语动词用过去式。如果有that,用动词过去式或用should+动词原形。

1.It is (high) time you went to school.

2.It is (high) time that you went to school.

3.It is (high) time that we should start out.

4.as if 引导的从句

as if 引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时发生，从句谓语动词用过去式；先于主句谓语动词，用过去完成式；后于主句谓语动词，用过去将来时。

1.He looks as if he were an artist.

2.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in America.

3.He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.

Exercises 5

1.She was sitting quietly in the garden as if nothing _____________ to him. (happen)

2.He fought as hard as if his wife _________ in danger. (are)

3.It’s high time you _____________ him for his being late. (criticize)

4.Looking around the small village, he felt as though he _________ from an evil dream.

(wake)

5.Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he ___________________tired. (never fell)

6.It is high time that such a practice _____________ an end to. (put)

7.Isn’t it high time we _____________ responsibly, with our nation’s future in mind? (live)

8.The tree looked as if it ________________ for a long time. ( not water)

9.The whole family greet me as if I __________ a member of the family. (be)

5．在高考中，情态动词运用在虚拟语气中表示责备和批评语气。

“should (ought to / could/ may/ might)+have done ”表示“过去应该做而未做到”的虚拟语气。

该结构的否定形式则表示“过去不该做的事情却做了”的意思，是一种委婉的责备。

语气最强的是should,语气最弱的是might。

1 .could have done 本能够做而未做

○背

2.should / ought to have done本应该做而未做

3.needn’t have done 本不必做而做了

4.might have done 本可能做而未做

5.would rather have done 宁愿做过某事

6．would ( should) like / love to have done 本想做而未做

具体讲解：

1.表示委婉批评

could/ may/ might +have done 结构，常译为“本可以做得更……一些”

①You are late again. You could have come earlier.

你又来晚了，你本应该早一点来的。

②You’ve made a few mistakes. You might have been a little bit more careful.

你犯了几个错误，你本应该更细心些。

2.表示强烈责备

Should/ ought to have done 结构，常译为“本应该做的更…一些…, 结果…”

①You should have told me earlier that you weren’t able to come.

你本应该早点告诉我你不能来的。（暗示我在这里已经等了很长时间了。）

②You shouldn’t have failed this time.

你这次本不该失败的。（暗示对你这次失败的不满）

3.表示本来没有必要

needn’t + have+ 过去分词结构，常译为“做了不必要做的事情”

①You needn’t have told him. He has already known about it.

你当时没有必要告诉他，他已经知道了。

②It’s so near. We needn’t have taken a taxi.

这么近，当时我们没有必要做出租车的。

VIP Tips :情态动词＋have done表示对过去动作或状态的推测时

1．Can / Could +主语＋have done? (疑问句) 可能做过某事吗？

2．Can’t / Couldn’t have done (否定句) 不可能做过某事

3．may/ might + have done (肯定句) 可能做过某事

4. must have done (肯定句) 一定做过某事

高考速递

1.（2012 ，19）Had they known what was coming next, they____ second thoughts.

A. may have

B. could have

C. must have had

D. might have had

2. (2012 ，35) ——Happy birthday!

——Thank you ! It’s the best present I _____for.

A. should have wished

B. must have wished

C. may have wished

D. could have wished

3. (2012 ，30) If we ______adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

A. haven’t made

B. wouldn’t make

C. must have had

D. hadn’t made

4. (2012 ，31) Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____there, she wouldn’t be able to see his parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. has lived

D. were to live

5.（2012，，35）Don’t handle the vase as if it ______made of steel.

A. is

B. were

C. has been

D. had been Keys: DDDDC

虚拟语气练习题

1.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____ the rules.

A. obeys

B. obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

2. I wish I ______ you yesterday.

A. seen

B. did see

C. had seen

D. were to see

3. -----If he ______, he ______ that food.

-----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

4. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today.

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

5. When a pen is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.