第五次作业参考答案
《中医诊断学Z》第5-6次作业
《中医诊断学Z》第5次作业您本学期选择了“中医诊断学Z”说明：本次作业的知识点为：5.2--6.4，总分为62分，您的得分为60分A型题：请从备选答案中选取一个最佳答案1. 痰饮、悬饮、支饮、溢饮主要是根据下列哪项而命名： [1分]A.饮邪性质B.饮邪多少C.饮停部位D.饮停先后E.饮停的原因2. 下列哪一项不属于火淫证的变化： [1分]A.发热恶寒B.壮热神昏C.生疮成脓D.吐血衄血E.口淡不渴3. 下述哪项不是血热证的表现： [1分]A.身热面赤发斑B.迫血妄行而出血C.肌肤生疮疖疔痈D.舌淡紫E.心烦口渴4. 新起恶寒，微发热，无汗，咳嗽气喘，舌红苔黄白相兼，脉浮数。
为： [1分]A.表里实热证B.表实寒里虚寒证C.表寒里热证D.表热里寒证E.表实寒里虚热证5. 下述哪项不能称为八纲证候之间的关系： [1分]A.证候相兼B.证候错杂C.证候独立D.证候真假E.证候转化6. 下述哪项不是血瘀证的表现： [1分]A.皮肤有紫色斑块B.腹壁青筋暴露C.出血紫暗夹块D.舌淡胖苔腻或滑E.脉细涩、弦涩7. 发热微恶寒，口渴咽干，干咳，舌干苔黄，脉浮数。
证属： [1分]A.伤暑证B.温燥证C.凉燥证D.内燥证E.阴虚证8. 脘腹冷痛，喜温喜按，畏冷肢凉，今起恶寒，头痛无汗，脉濡缓。
为： [1分]A.表里实热证B.表热里寒证C.表寒里热证D.表实寒里虚寒证E.表实寒里虚热证9. 瘀、石、虫、痰等阻滞所致之“气闭”，最突出的表现是： [1分]A.神识不清B.绞痛阵作C.肢厥脉微D.患处胀痛E.胀闷不舒10. 阳虚与气虚的主要区别是： [1分]A.有无少气懒言B.有无神疲乏力C.寒象是否明显D.小便是否清长E.舌质是否淡嫩11. 下列哪项不是亡阳证的典型表现： [1分]A.冷汗质稀B.肢厥肤冷C.呼吸气微D.面赤如妆E.脉微欲绝12. 胃下垂患者，伴有头晕，乏力，舌质淡嫩，脉弱，属于： [1分]A.气虚证B.气陷证C.气脱证D.气不固证E.气逆证13. 阳虚证的临床表现有： [1分]A.眩晕耳鸣B.精神不振C.形体消瘦D.舌干少津E.口燥咽干14. 证候真假的“真”，最主要是指： [1分]A.病人真实的临床表现B.临床上常见的证候C.本病或者久病之症D.与病机本质相符的证候E.病人的病情完全真实15. 下列各项，其中哪一项与火热为病最不相关： [1分]A.恶热、壮热B.局部肿疡C.渴喜冷饮D.脉结代而细E.大便臭秽不爽16. 下列哪项不是阳虚证症状： [1分]A.面色淡白B.口淡不渴C.大便稀溏D.畏寒肢冷E.无汗或汗少而粘17. 身热夜甚，盗汗，烦躁不眠，口燥咽干，舌红绛，脉细数，月经先期量多，此证为： [1分]A.瘀热搏结证B.湿热证C.血热证D.阴虚证E.气虚发热证18. 下列哪项是伤于湿邪所致的头痛的特点： [1分]A.头痛欲裂B.头脑空痛C.头重而痛D.头痛连齿E.头痛绵绵19. 下列哪项可视为“里邪出表”： [1分]A.久咳久喘，今咳血量多色鲜红B.肝病胁痛五年，腹壁青筋显露C.胃脘疼痛，昨恶寒发热脉浮紧D.麻疹发热三天，疹出烦热渐退E.饮食不慎，腹痛腹泻大便臭秽20. 病人突然呕血，面色苍白，四肢厥冷，大汗淋漓，脉浮大而散，证属： [1分]A.亡阴证B.气不摄血证C.气随血脱证D.气血两虚证E.气虚证21. 壮热汗出,口渴，头痛，微恶风寒，尿黄便结，舌红苔黄，脉洪数。
西南交大大学英语第五次作业
一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确，共40道小题)1. –What do you want, Mary?–[本题2分](A) Sorry, I want some water.(B) Yes, I plan to go shopping.(C) I’d like some red wine, please.(D) No, I don’t eat.正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]2. –Is there a room available for tonight?–Yes, Sir. May I help you?–[本题2分](A) Thank you.(B) I’m hoping to book a single room.(C) I want to go for a walk.(D) No, that’s fine.正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]3. –What are you going to do?–[本题2分](A) I’m planning to go to the cinema with my friend.(B) No, I’m not going to do it.(C) Thank you for asking me about it.(D) Yes, I’ll go.正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]4. –Do you want to learn French?–[本题2分](A) Yes, I want.(B) No, I not want.(C) Yes, I do.(D) No, I won’t.正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]5. –Drinking is not good to your health.–[本题2分](A) I don’t know what to do.(B) I would like it very much.(C) I should go to a doctor.(D) I’ve decided to give up drinking.正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]6. –Do you have any plan this year?–[本题2分](A) Not at all.(B) I mean to go to United States for further studies.(C) Yes, I will.(D) I’m certainly not going to do that kind of thing.正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]7. ––Ok, please fill out this form.[本题2分](A) I wish to open a savings account.(B) What are you doing?(C) Do you need any help?(D) I have no idea.正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]8. –. I can’t make myself understood.–Take it easy. We are trying to help you.[本题2分](A) Thank you for helping me(B) I won’t do it again(C) I’d like to have a Chinese interpreter(D) I’d like to go somewhere正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]9. –Harry, do you like the course taught by Mr. Elsie?–[本题2分](A) Mr. Elsie is a good man.(B) OK. I’ll learn it.(C) No. I’ve no intention of taking this course.(D) I’m sure I can do it better.正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]10. –It is cold today. What would you like to do this afternoon?–[本题2分](A) I don’t think so.(B) Yes, it’s cold. But spring is coming.(C) I need my coat, please.(D) Yes, it’s too cold, so I don’t feel like going out today.正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]11. The new appointment of our president ____________ from the very beginning of next semester. [本题1分](A) takes part(B) takes effect(C) takes place(D) takes turns正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]12. Although a teenager, Fred could ____________ being told what to do and what not to do. [本题1分](A) persist(B) consist(C) insist(D) resist正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]13. Computer technology will ____________ a revolution in business administration. [本题1分](A) bring around(B) bring out(C) bring about(D) bring up正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]14. The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural ___________ _. [本题1分](A) transformation(B) tradition(C) transportation(D) transmission正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]15. Don’t let the child play with scissors ____________ he cuts himself. [本题1分](A) so that(B) now that(C) in case正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]16. The teacher said that we ____________ another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam. [本题1分](A) would be given(B) would give(C) will be given(D) were given正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]17. A really powerful speaker can ____________ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement. [本题1分](A) work out(B) work up(C) work over(D) work at正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]18. ____________, they immediately left the house. [本题1分](A) Being heard the noise(B) Hearing the noise(C) They heard the noise(D) They were hearing the noise正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]19. He decided to make further improvements on the computer’s design ____________ the light of the requir ements of customers. [本题1分](A) for(B) by(D) in正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]20. The traditional approach ____________ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems. [本题1分](A) to dealing(B) in dealing(C) dealing(D) to deal正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]21. ____________, Newton was thinking and thinking. [本题1分](A) He lied under the apple tree(B) Laying under the apple tree(C) He laid under the apple tree(D) Lying under the apple tree正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]22. In the old days, the children ____________ by the mother because she did not work outside the house. [本题1分](A) took care of(B) were taking care of(C) taken care of(D) were taken care of正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]23. “Do you know that girl with the long hair?” “I don’t think so, although she ____________ me of someone else I know.” [本题1分](A) remembers(C) reminds(D) suggests正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]24. If you want to know the times of buses, please ____________ at the office. [本题1分](A) inform(B) inquire(C) require(D) request正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]25. No ____________ woman would go alone to a bar like that one. [本题1分](A) respectful(B) respecting(C) respectable(D) respective正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]26. For centuries, the Atlantic Ocean kept the America from ____________ by the people of Europe. [本题1分](A) discovering(B) being discovering(C) being discovered(D) discovered正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]27. Her husband died in 1992, ____________. [本题1分](A) left her with two children(B) being left her with two children(C) leaving her with two children(D) being leaving her with two children正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]28. She ever being so kind to me. I felt ____________ to help her when she was in trouble. [本题1分](A) generous(B) obliged(C) virtuous(D) detached正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]29. I’m glad ____________ to look around your research center. [本题1分](A) to allow(B) having allowed(C) to be allowed(D) being allowed正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]30. He decided to go for a sailing holiday ____________ the fact that he was usually seasick. [本题1分](A) in spite of(B) because of(C) in case of(D) as a result of正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]31. I regret having left the work unfinished, I ____________ everything ahead carefully. [本题1分](A) should plan(B) should have planned(C) planned正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]32. Ms. Wright demanded that the urgent report ____________ on her desk by 5 p.m. today. [本题1分](A) should put(B) will be put(C) is put(D) be put正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]33. ____________, Miss Brown decided to take a taxi. [本题1分](A) She thought she must be late(B) Being thought she must be late(C) When thought she must be late(D) Thinking she must be late正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]34. The older New England villages have changed relatively little ____________ a gas station or two in rece nt decades. [本题1分](A) in addition(B) except for(C) except to(D) besides正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]35. Herman’s success is due to his hard work and his abili ty to ____________ plans, which will get work do ne efficiently. [本题1分](A) fulfill(B) approve(C) employ正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]36. “You are very selfish. No ____________ you are not the most important person in the world.” Edgar said to his boss angrily. [本题1分](A) suspect(B) reason(C) doubt(D) cause正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]37. The soldier was accused of ____________ the officials by rumoring that the enemy attacked. [本题1分](A) cheating(B) scolding(C) lying(D) punishing正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]38. Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage ____________. [本题1分](A) annually(B) relatively(C) actually(D) comparatively正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元]39. The director was critical ____________ the way we were doing the work. [本题1分](A) at(B) in(C) of(D) with正确答案：C解答参考：[第五单元]40. At a press conference after the award ceremony, the 18-year-old girl spoke in a ____________ low voice. [本题1分](A) optionally(B) relatively(C) legally(D) identically正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]二、阅读理解、完形填空题(共5道小题)41.Thanksgiving is celebrated every year on the fourth Thursday of November. The month of November is in autumn, the main season for harvesting crops.The writer O. Henry called Thanksgiving the one holiday that is purely American. It is not a religious holi day. But it has spiritual meaning.Thanksgiving began with the first European settlers in America. They gathered their crops, celebrated and gave thanks for the food.Tradition says Pilgrim settlers from England celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621. There is evidence t hat settlers in other parts of America held earlier Thanksgiving celebrations. But the Pilgrims’ Thanksgiving st ory is the most popular.The Pilgrims were religious dissidents who fled oppression in England. They went first to the Netherlands. Then they left that country to establish a colony in North America. The Pilgrims landed in 1620 in what late r became known as Plymouth, Massachusetts.Their voyage across the Atlantic Ocean was difficult. Their first months in America were difficult, too. Abo ut one hundred Pilgrims landed just as autumn was turning to winter. During the cold months that followed, about half of them died.When spring came, the Pilgrims began to plant crops. An American Indian named Squanto helped them. When summer ended, the Pilgrims had a good harvest of corn and barley. There was enough food to last t hrough the winter.The Pilgrims decided to hold a celebration to give thanks for their harvest. Writings from that time say Pil grim leader William Bradford set a date late in the year. He invited members of a nearby Indian tribe to tak e part. There were many kinds of food to eat. The meal included wild birds such as ducks, geese and turke ys. That thanksgiving celebration lasted three days.As the American colonies grew, many towns and settlements held thanksgiving or harvest celebrations.[共5题](1) Thanksgiving Day is originally celebrated by people for __________. [本题2分](A) health(B) freedom(C) harvest(D) safety正确答案：C(2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage? [本题2分](A) Thanksgiving Day is a holiday celebrated by people all over the world.(B) Thanksgiving Day is a holiday with special religious significance only.(C) Thanksgiving Day is a holiday with a history of more than 300 years.(D) Thanksgiving Day is a holiday coming from Europe.正确答案：C(3) Based on the passage, we can learn that __________. [本题2分](A) American Indians were very brutal(B) the Pilgrims came to America to make friends with Indians(C) the Pilgrims came to America to look for new food(D) in England, the Pilgrims suffered cruel religious oppression正确答案：D(4) According to the passage, what happened to the Pilgrims during their first winter in America? [本题2分](A) American Indians helped them plant crops.(B) Due to the cold and hunger, about 50 of them died.(C) They invited nearby Indians to have dinner together.(D) They began to raise ducks, geese and turkeys.正确答案：B(5) The best title for the passage is __________. [本题2分](A) The Origin of Thanksgiving Day(B) How to Celebrate Thanksgiving Day(C) The Tradition of Thanksgiving Day(D) The Significance of Thanksgiving Day正确答案：A参考答案：[第五单元]; 第5小题：42.February 14th is a complicated but interesting holiday. First of all, St. Valentine’s Day is not a holiday fro m work. No one gets a day off. On Valentine’s Day people usually send romantic cards to someone they lo ve or want to be loved by. The cards are called “valentines”. They are very colorful, often decorated with he arts, flowers, or birds, and have humorous or sentimental verses printed inside. The basic message of the v erse is always “Be My Valentine”, “Be My Sweet Heart” or “Lover”. A valentine is often anonymous, or some times signed “Guess who”. The person receiving it has to guess who sent it. This can lead to interesting sp eculation. And that’s half the fun of valentines.One of the symbols of St. Valentine’s Day is the Roman god of Love, called Cupid. Cupid is often printe d on the card; he is a winged infant, not wearing anything, poised to shoot his arrow into a heart. He would shoot an arrow of love i nto a person’s heart to make the person fall in love immediately, maybe with the fir st person to come along. Sometimes one arrow would go through two hearts, holding them together. So on February 14th not only do we have pictures of the Christian St. Valentine but we also have pictures of the n on-Christian Cupid, the Roman god of Love.But it is from the Christians that we get the stories about St. Valentine’s Day that most people have com e to believe. One story is about a Christian man whose name so unded something like “Valentine.” He lived around AD 250. At that time the Roman Emperor, Claudius II, refused to allow any Roman soldiers to get m arried for any reason whatsoever. Christian couples came to Valentine to be married. So Valentine would ma rry them in a Christian way. He was discovered and put in prison by the Emperor. One tradition says that h e wrote notes to his friends by marking on leaves and then throwing them out the window of his prison. An d the leaves were shaped like a heart.[共5题](1) St. Valentine’s Day is a holiday for __________. [本题2分](A) people celebrating the new year’s coming(B) people fooling others(C) people getting a family reunion(D) people expressing love to their lovers正确答案：D(2) The word “anonymous” in the first paragraph means __________. [本题2分](A) people do something by leaving false name(B) people do something by leaving no name(C) people do something by leaving real name(D) people do something by leaving nickname正确答案：B(3) Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? [本题2分](A) Valentine is a person’s name.(B) On Valentine’s Day, cards are usually used by people to express love.(C) On Valenti ne’s Day, everyone can take one day break from work to be with their lovers.(D) Cupid is often used to symbolize love.正确答案：C(4) It can be inferred from the passage that __________. [本题2分](A) the Roman Emperor, ClaudiusⅡ, was a Christian(B) in spite of the Emperor’s prohibition, many people still held the desire for love(C) the Roman Emperor himself experienced a painful marriage(D) in Christianity, Cupid is the god of Love正确答案：B(5) The theme of this passage is to tell the readers __________. [本题2分](A) what people should do on Valentine’s Day(B) the reason people choose Cupid to be the symbol of Valentine’s Day(C) the tradition people always follow on Valentine’s Day(D) the origin and significance of St. Valentine’s Day正确答案：D参考答案：[第五单元]; 第5小题：43.Using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determinati on and a strong possibility of failure, together on occasion with considerable unpopularity.The hopeful caller (shall we call him George?) waits till six o’clock in the evening to take advantage of t he so-called “cheap rates” for a long-distance call. The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the junction of two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with r ain as George joins a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to a standstill while the person immediately before George carries on an endless conversation, pausing only to in sert another coin every minute or so.Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the box. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, only to discover that someone unknown has torn out the very page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial directory Enquiries, wait patiently for a reply down the number given.At last George can go ahead with his call. Just as he is starting to dial, however, the door opens and a n unpleasant-looking face peers in with the demand, “Can’t you hurry up?” Ignoring such barbarity, George c ontinues to dial and his unwanted companion withdraws. At last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing tone, i mmediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the c oins he has placed ready on the top of the box. Having at last located them, he dials again: the pips are re peated and he hastily inserts the coins. A cold voi ce informs him, “Grand Hotel, Chalfont Wells.” “I’ve an urg ent message for a Mr. Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you put me through to him? I’m afraid I d on’t know his room number.”The response appears less than enthusiastic and a long long silence follows. George inserts more coins.Then the voice informs him, “I’ve been trying to locate Mr. Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him leave about a minute ago.”Breathing heavily, George replaces the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again.[共5题](1) The main purpose of the passage is to provide __________. [本题2分](A) instructions about how to use a public call box(B) advice about how to deal with public telephone problems(C) criticism of the efficiency of telephone system(D) an account of possible annoyances in using a public telephone正确答案：D(2) George can at least be thankful that __________. [本题2分](A) the telephone itself is working(B) he can use the directory in the box to find the number(C) the call box is in a convenient position(D) he is able to give his message to the hotel receptionist正确答案：A(3) The reason for George having to dial a second time is that __________. [本题2分](A) he has used up all the money(B) he can’t find the number he wants in the directory(C) he forgets to put the money in the box(D) he has got to find the money to put in the box正确答案：D(4) How is George feeling when he completes his call? [本题2分](A) He is very disappointed at missing his family and friends.(B) He feels hard to control his annoyance.(C) He is angry with himself for being so stupid.(D) He is depressed at the thought of having to try again to get through.正确答案：B(5) Which of the following is NOT true about “cheap rate”? [本题2分](A) People would like to use “cheap rate” to have a chat with a good friend in London.(B) People would like to use “cheap rate” to a sk about a friend in hospital who has just had an operation.(C) People would like to use “cheap rate” to discuss the important project details with the colleagues.(D) People would like to use “cheap rate” to express Christmas greetings to cousins in Australia.正确答案：C参考答案：[第五单元]; 第5小题：44.The writers of murder stories go to a great deal of trouble to keep us guessing right up to the end. In a ctual fact, people often behave more strangely in real life than they do in stories.The following advertisement once appeared in a local newspaper: “An opportunity to earn $250 in a few minutes. A man who is willing to take chances is wanted for an out-of-the-ordinary job which can be perform ed only once.” A reader found this offer very generous and applied to the advertiser, but a bit suspicious, he gave a false name. Soon afterwards, he received a reply. Enclosed in the envelope was a typed note instr ucting him to ring a certain number if he was still interested. He did so and learnt on the telephone that the advertiser wanted him to “get rid of somebody” and would discuss it more fully with him next day. But the man told the police and from then on acted under their instructions. The police saw the two men meet and watched them as they drove away together. In the car the advertiser came to the point at once: he told the man he wanted him to shoot his wife. The reason he gave was that he was suffering from an incurable dis ease and wanted to live in a warmer country, but his wife objected to this. Giving the man some money, th e advertiser told him to buy a gun and warned him to be careful of the dog which, though it would not bite, might attract attention. He also gave him a photograph of his wife so that he would be able to recognize h er. After that, the advertiser suggested that the man should “do the job” next morning. Meanwhile, he would prepare his wife by telling her that a young man was going to call. After the murder, they would meet again outside a railway station and the money would be paid as arranged. The second meeting never took place, for the advertiser was arrested shortly afterwards and charged with attempting to persuade someone to mur der his wife.[共5题](1) Which of the following statements can best express the meaning of the opening sentence? [本题2分](A) The murder stories often prefer to leave the doubtful points to the readers.(B) While reading, the readers can easily guess who is the real murderer.(C) The heroes in the stories meet with a lot of trouble.(D) Usually the stories show the readers who is the murderer at the very beginning.正确答案：A(2) When a reader saw the advertisement __________. [本题2分](A) he was sure he could get it(B) he could hardly believe it(C) he applied for the job with a false name(D) Both B and C正确答案：D(3) According to the passage, we CANNOT infer that __________. [本题2分](A) the advertiser gave the man the first instruction through a letter(B) it was on the telephone that the man understood what the job was(C) the two men worked together to fulfill the plan(D) the man was scared when he knew what he was asked to do, so he reported the police at once正确答案：C(4) When the police received the report __________. [本题2分](A) they arrested the advertiser at once(B) they sent a dog to keep watching on him(C) they didn’t arrest him until they got enough evidence(D) they arrested him after his wife was killed正确答案：C(5) What did the advertisement in a local newspaper provide? [本题2分](A) An unusual job with a high pay.(B) A good job everyone wants to have.(C) A chance to be famous.(D) A large sum of money.正确答案：A参考答案：[第五单元]; 第5小题：45. Julie had turned 8 in October and as Christmas approached, Santa Claus was more and more __(1)__. During the week before Christmas, every night she announced to her father, “I know who really brings the p r esents. You do!” Then, __(2)__ a moment, she added, “Right?”Jerry didn’t answer. __(3)__ he ________ I was sure she really wanted the truth. And we both were relu ctant to give up Santa Claus ourselves. We got to tell Julie and her younger brother, Adam, to put out the cookies __(4)__ Santa was hungry. We __(5)__about the fire being out in the fireplace so he wouldn’t get b urned. We issued a few threats about his list of good children and bad. It was all part of the tension and th rill of Christmas Eve –the night the fantasy comes true. And that fantasy of a fat jolly man who flies throug h the sky in a sleigh and arrives __(6)__ chimney with presents –that single belief says everything about th e __(7)__ of children. How __(8)__ to lose it. For them and for us. So Jerry and I said nothing.Christmas Eve Julie appeared with a sheet of paper. At the top she had written, “If you are real, sign he re.” It was, she said, a letter to Santa. She insisted that on this letter each of us –her father, Adam and I –__(9)__ the words ‘Santa Claus’, so if Santa were to sign it, she could compare our handwriting with his. Then she would know she __(10)__.[共10题](1) [本题1分](A) on her mind(B) in her mind(C) at her mind(D) with her mind正确答案：A(2) [本题1分](A) waited(B) had waited(C) had been waiting(D) waiting正确答案：D(3) [本题1分](A) either … or(B) neither … nor(C) both … and(D) none … of正确答案：B(4) [本题1分](A) in case(B) in the case(C) in case of(D) in any case正确答案：A(5) [本题1分](A) made a plan(B) made a joke(C) made a fuss(D) made a story正确答案：C(6) [本题1分](A) from(B) via(C) over(D) under正确答案：B(7) [本题1分](A) innocent(B) innocence(C) innovate(D) innovation正确答案：B(8) [本题1分](A) bearable(B) bearably(C) unbearable(D) unbearably正确答案：C(9) [本题1分](A) wrote(B) had written(C) would have written(D) write正确答案：D(10) [本题1分](A) had been tricked(B) was tricked(C) had not been tricked(D) was not tricked正确答案：C参考答案：[第五单元]; 第10小题：。
西方文学与文化第五次作业
第五次作业题目：《艾尔那尼》是哪位作家的剧本A：雨果B：巴尔扎克C：伏尔泰D：司汤达批阅：选择答案：A正确答案：A题目：著名的诗句"如果冬天已经来到，春天还会遥远吗？”是哪位诗人的诗句A：拜伦B：海涅C：华兹华斯D：雪莱批阅：选择答案：D正确答案：D题目：《人间喜剧》的作者是A：普希金B：司汤达C：巴尔扎克D：莫泊桑批阅：选择答案：C正确答案：C题目：《叶甫盖尼.奥涅金》是谁的作品A：普希金B：司汤达C：莫泊桑D：马克.吐温批阅：选择答案：A正确答案：A题目：卡尔登是哪部作品中的人物A：《罪与罚》B：《红与黑》C：《双城记》D：《悲剧世界》批阅：选择答案：C正确答案：C题目：于连是哪部作品中的人物A：《双城记》B：《红与黑》C：《高老头》D：《简爱》批阅：选择答案：B正确答案：B题目：马奈特医生是哪部作品中的人物A：《巴黎圣母院》B：《简爱》C：《死魂灵》D：《双城记》批阅：选择答案：D正确答案：D题目：梭巴开维奇是哪部作品中的人物A：《巴黎圣母院》B：《简爱》C：《死魂灵》D：《罪与罚》批阅：选择答案：C正确答案：C题目：罗切斯特是哪部作品中的人物A：《巴黎圣母院》B：《简爱》C：《死魂灵》D：《红与黑》批阅：选择答案：B正确答案：B题目：克洛德•弗罗洛是哪部作品中的人物A：《简爱》B：《巴黎圣母院》C：《死魂灵》D：《双城记》批阅：选择答案：B正确答案：B。
安徽省合肥市第七中学2025届高三上学期第五次统一作业数学试题(含答案)
2025届高三第五次统一作业数学试题时间：90分钟 满分：120分一､单选题（共40分）1.已知集合，则（ ）A.B. C. D.2.计算：（ ）A.B.C.0D.13.已知函数，则（ ）A.B.C.0D.14.我国著名数学家华罗庚曾说过：“数缺形时少直观，形少数时难入微；数形结合百般好，隔离分家万事休”，在数学学习和研究中，常用函数的图象来研究函数的性质，也常用函数的解析式来琢磨函数的图象特征，如函数的图象大致形状是（ ）A. B.C. D.5.已知函数在区间上有且仅有2个零点，则的取值范围是（ ）A. B. C. D.6.已知函数在上单调递增，则实数的取值范围是（ ）ππ{0π},,32k A B k ααββ⎧⎫=<<==+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭Z ∣A B ⋂=π2⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭ππ,62⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭ππ5π,,626⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭π5π,66⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭0ln221e 0.5lg252lg2-+-++=2-1-()()()1,012,0x x f x f x f x x +≤⎧=⎨--->⎩()3f =2-1-()1xf x x =-()()sin 10f x x ωω=+>()0,πω711,22⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭711,22⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦[)3,5(]3,5()22,,x x x mf x x x m⎧-≥=⎨<⎩R mA. B.C.D.或7.已知函数，若关于的方程有实数解，则的取值范围为（）A. B.C. D.8.已知函数满足，若函数在上的零点为，则（ ）A. B. C. D.二､多选题（共18分）9.下列说法错误的是（）A.命题的否定为B.已知扇形的圆心角为2弧度，面积为1，则扇形的弧长等于2C.已知函数的定义域为，则函数的定义域为D.已知函数的值域为，则的取值范围是10.已知函数的部分图象如图所示，则（ ）A.B.C.的图象与轴的交点坐标为D.函数的图象关于直线对称1m ≥3m ≥13m ≤≤1m ≤3m ≥()331f x x x =++x ()()sin cos 2f x f m x ++=m ⎡-⎣[]1,1-⎡⎤⎣⎦⎡⎣()f x ()()2sin tan f x f x x x --=+()y f x =[]3π,5π-12,,,n x x x ⋯1ni i x ==∑8π9π11π12π2:2,340p x x x ∃>--<22,340x x x ∀≤--≥()31f x -[]1,1-()f x []4,2-()()2lg 2f x x x a =++R a ()1,∞+()()1tan (0,0π)2f x x ωϕωϕ=-><<2ω=π6ϕ=()f x y 0,⎛ ⎝()y f x =7π12x =11.已知函数，则下列结论中正确的是（ ）A.函数有两个零点B.恒成立C.若方程有两个不等实根，则的范围是D.直线与函数图象有两个交点三､填空题（共15分）12.已知或，且是的充分不必要条件，则的取值范围是__________.13.已知锐角的顶点为原点，始边为轴的正半轴，将的终边绕原点逆时针旋转后交单位圆于点，则的值为__________.14.已知函数，若方程有四个不同的实根，则的取值范围是__________.四､解答题（共47分）15.（本题11分）已知（1）化简；（2）若，求的值.16.（本题12分）已知数的相邻两对称轴间的距离()ln 1x xf x x -=+()f x ()13f x <()2k f x x x =+k 10,2e ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭14y x =-()f x :2p x <-0,:x q x a>>q p a αx απ61,3P y ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭sin α()323log ,031024,3x x f x x x x ⎧<≤=⎨-+>⎩()f x m =()12341234,,,x x x x x x x x <<<()()3412344x x x x x --()()()23ππsin cos tan π22πsin πcos 2f αααααα⎛⎫⎛⎫-+⋅-⋅-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭=⎛⎫--- ⎪⎝⎭()f α()2fα=3cos2sin2αα-()()2ππ2sin 106212x f x x ωωω⎛⎫⎛⎫=+++-> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭为.（1）求的解析式；（2）将函数的图象向右平移个单位长度，再把各点的横坐标缩小为原来的（纵坐标不变），得到函数的图象，当时，求函数的值域；17.（本题12分）已知函数，令.（1）讨论函数的单调性；（2）若关于的不等式恒成立，求整数的最小值.18.（本题12分）如果函数的导数，可记为.若，则表示曲线，直线以及轴围成的“曲边梯形”的面积.（1）若，且，求；（2）已知，证明：，并解释其几何意义；（3）证明：，.π2()f x ()f x π612()yg x =ππ,126x ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦()g x ()()221ln ,,2f x x mxg x mx x m =-=+∈R ()()()F x f x g x =+()f x x ()1F x mx ≤-m ()F x ()()F x f x '=()()F x f x dx =⎰()0f x ≥()()()baf x dx F b F a =-⎰()y f x =,x a x b ==x ()1F x dx x =⎰()11F =()F x π02α<<0cos cos a xdx ααα<<⎰1n +*n ∈N2025届高三第五次统一作业参考答案：题号12345678910答案C DBABBDBADABD题号11答案BCD12.14.15.（1）；（2）16.（1）17.（1）因为，所以当时，，所以在区间上单调递增；当时，令，即，又，解得令，即，又，解得综上，当时，的增区间为，无减区间；当时，的增区间为，减区间为（2）令，[)0,∞+()1,0-tan α-1-()()2sin2;2f x x ⎡=-⎣()()2ln 0f x x mx x =->()21122,mx f x mx x x-=-='0m ≤()0f x '>()f x ()0,∞+0m >()0f x '>2120mx ->0x >0x <<()0f x '<2120mx -<0x >x >0m ≤()f x ()0,∞+0m >()f x ⎛ ⎝∞⎫+⎪⎪⎭()()()()211ln 112G x F x mx x mx m x =--=-+-+所以.当时，因为，所以.所以在上是单调递增函数，又因为，所以关于的不等式不能恒成立，即关于的不等式不能恒成立.当时，.令，得，所以当时，；当时，.因此函数在是增函数，在是减函数.故函数的最大值为.令，当时，所以在上是减函数，又因为，所以当时，，所以恒成立，即恒成立..所以整数的最小值为2.18.（1）当时，因为，所以设，又，代入上式可得，所以，当时，；()()()21111mx m x G x mx m x x-+-+=-+-='0m ≤0x >()0G x '>()G x ()0,∞+()()2131ln11112022G m m m =-⨯+-+=-+>x ()0G x ≤x ()1F x mx ≤-0m >()()()21111m x x mx m x m G x x x⎛⎫--+ ⎪-+-+⎝⎭=='()0G x '=1x m=10,x m ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0G x '>1,x m ∞⎛⎫∈+ ⎪⎝⎭()0G x '<()G x 10,x m ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭1,x m ∞⎛⎫∈+ ⎪⎝⎭()G x ()2111111ln 11ln 22G m m m m m m m m ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-⨯+-⨯+=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()()2111ln ,22h m m h m m m m=-=--'()0,m ∞∈+()0h m '<()h m ()0,m ∞∈+()()1110,2ln2024h h =>=-<2m …()0h m <()0G x <()1F x mx ≤-m 0x >()1ln x x'=()1ln F x x C =+()11F =()111ln111F C C =+=⇒=0x >()ln 1F x x =+当时，设，同理可得，所以综上，.（2）因为，所以，设，则恒成立，所以在上单调递增，所以，故，即；设，，则恒成立，所以在上单调递增，，所以，综上，.几何意义：当时，曲线与直线（轴），以及轴围成的“曲边面积”大于直线（轴），以及轴，直线围成的矩形面积，小于（轴），以及轴，直线围成的矩形面积.（3，所以，设，则，所以，故.0x <()()2ln Fx x C =-+21C =()ln()1F x x=-+()ln 1F x x =+()cos sin F x xdx x C =⎰=+0cos sin sin 0sin axdx a a =-=ò()πsin ,02g x x x x =-<<()1cos 0g x x =->'()g x π02x <<()()min 00g x g >=sin αα<0cos axdx a <ò()sin cos h x x x x =-π02x <<()sin 0h x x x =>'()h x π02x <<()()min 00h x h >=0cos cos axdx a a <òcos cos axdx ααα<<⎰π02x <<cos y x =0x =y x α=x 0x =y x α=x cos y α=0x =y x α=x 1y =π,1,2,2k k n n==1n + π2π3ππcos cos cos cos 2222n n n ⎫=++++⎪⎭ 10cos 2x dx π⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭()2πsin π2F x x =()πcos 2F x x ='()()10π2π2cos10sin 2π2πx dx F F ⎛⎫=-== ⎪⎝⎭⎰1n ++<。
投资学行为金融部分作业参考答案
投资学第五次作业2014-05-24习题课讲答案选择题1.我们可以看到，有时候即使一只股票已经跌得很惨，给投资者造成了很大损失，投资者也迟迟不愿意卖出手中持有的股票，行为金融中把这种心理称作A) 处置效应（disposition effect）B) 赌场盈利效应（house money effect）C) 本地市场效应（home market effect）D) 市盈率效应（P/E effect）答案：A2. 行为金融用________来解释现实中我们所观察到的投资者对于现金分红的偏好A) 税收考虑（taxation issues）B) 过度反应(overreaction)C) 心理账户（mental accounting）D) 过度自信（overconfidence）答案：regard dividends and interest as ‘disposable income’ can therefore be consumed without really impacting total wealth3. 有证据显示，男人比女人在进行投资交易时更加活跃激进，你认为这一现象可以用下面哪个概念解释？A) 市场无效（market inefficiency）B) 保守主义（conservatism ）C) 心理账户（mental accounting）D) 过度自信（overconfidence）答案：D4. 在盈利公告发布前，如果投资者锚定（anchor）在过去的盈利信息上，那么他们会对新发布的盈利效益________；消息发布后，投资者又认为刚发布的高（低）盈利能够持续下去，那么他们会________。
A) 过度反应（overreact）,反应不足（underreact）B) 反应不足（underreact）, 过度反应（overreact）C) 反应不足（underreact）, 反应不足（underreact）D) 过度反应（overreact）, 过度反应（overreact）答案：B5. 当Matt刚入职时，公司没有把他纳入养老金计划，所以他后来一直都没有申请加入该计划；而Susan入职时，公司将她纳入了该计划，所以她也就一直没有退出该养老金计划，两个人的行为可能可以由什么心理因素来解释？A) 双曲贴现（hyperbolic discounting）B) 有限自制力（limited self-control）C) 维持现状倾向（status quo bias）D) 损失趋避（loss aversion）答案：C6. 股权溢价之谜（equity premium puzzle）指的是：A) 因为投资者是风险厌恶的，所以债权的回报率应该比现实中看到得更高才对B) 现实中的股票溢价水平需要非常高的风险厌恶系数才能解释C) 现实中的股票溢价水平需要非常高的风险偏好程度才能解释D) 因为投资者的风险业务，股权溢价应该比现实中观察到的要高得多才对答案：B7. 行为学上的研究发现很多因素会影响一个人的过度自信(overconfidence)的程度，下列哪种说法和目前的研究发现是一致的？A) 年龄大的人更容易过度自信B) 女性更容易过度自信C) 专业训练能够帮助人们克服过度自信D) 经验丰富的人更不容易过度自信答案：D，经验丰富的人更不容易过度自信。
北京中医药大学远程教育学院《金匮要略B》第5次作业
《金匮要略B》第5次作业您本学期选择了“金匮要略B”B型题：下列每组题有多个备选答案，每个备选答案可以使用一次或重复使用，也可以不选，请选择正确答案A.鼻头色青者B.鼻头色微黑者C.面色黄者D.面色赤者E.面色白者1. 肾水反侮脾土之面部见证：C [1分]2. 胸上有寒的面部见证：B [1分]A.散饮去结B.顺气止呕C.降逆化饮D.湿中止呕E.和解止呕3. 生姜半夏汤的功效是: E [1分]4. 半夏干姜散的功效是: D [1分]A.湿热蕴结下利便脓B.肠滑气利C.燥屎内结，热结旁流，下利D.虚寒下利便脓血E.实热下利5. 桃花汤主治：D [1分]6. 大承气汤主治：C [1分]A.小半夏汤B.半夏干姜散C.生姜半夏汤D.吴茱萸汤E.小半夏加茯苓汤7. “诸呕吐，谷不得下者”选用：A [1分]8. “干呕，吐逆，吐涎沫”选用：B [1分]A.越婢加半夏汤B.小青龙加石膏汤C.厚朴麻黄汤D.射干麻黄汤E.葶苈大枣泻肺汤9. “支饮不得息”治用：E [1分]10. “咳而脉浮者”治用：C [1分]A.脾胃湿热，熏蒸肝胆B.湿邪内阻，肾亦有热C.湿热郁脾，郁蒸血分D.嗜酒过度，湿热内蕴E.饮食不节，损伤脾胃11. 酒疸的病机是：D [1分]12. 谷疸的病机是：E [1分]A.半夏泻心汤B.小半夏汤C.半夏干姜散D.生姜半夏汤E.甘草泻心汤13. 狐惑病宜选方：E [1分]14. 呕而肠鸣，心下痞者宜选方：A [1分]A.养血开郁，清热除湿B.利水通窍，渗湿通阳C.化瘀利窍泄热D.化气利水，利小便E.利水清热滋阴15. 当归贝母苦参丸的功效是：A [1分]16. 葵子茯苓散的功效是：B [1分]A.旋复花汤B.胶艾汤C.桂枝茯苓丸D.温经汤E.胶姜汤17. 冲任虚寒，兼有瘀血所致的崩漏，宜用：D [1分]18. 癥病下血宜用：C [1分]A.阳旦汤B.小半夏汤C.干姜人参半夏丸D.下瘀血汤E.竹皮大丸19. 妇人乳中虚,烦乱呕逆,有热,宜用: E [1分]20. 妊娠呕吐不止，宜用: C [1分]A.半夏厚朴汤B.甘麦大枣汤C.小柴胡汤D.温经汤E.肾气丸21. 妇人转胞，脐下急痛，小便不利，宜选方：E [1分]22. 妇人热入血室，宜选方：C [1分]A.风水B.皮水C.正水D.石水E.黄汗23. 其脉自沉，外证腹满不喘是：D [1分]24. 其脉沉迟，外证自喘是：C [1分]A.虚劳黄疸B.湿重于热C.肠胃燥结D.邪在少阳E.热盛里实25. 猪膏发煎证的病机是：C [1分]26. 黄疸病，大黄硝石汤证，其病机是：E [1分]A.麻黄加术汤B.甘草附子汤C.防己黄芪汤D.白术附子汤E.麻杏苡甘汤27. 风湿，脉浮，身重，汗出，恶风者，治宜：C [1分]28. 濕家身煩疼，治宜：A [1分]A.妊娠血虚寒盛的腹痛B.妊娠冲任虚寒的腹痛C.妊娠肝脾不调的腹痛D.产后气血郁滞的腹痛E.产后血虚的腹痛29. 枳实芍药散主治的腹痛是哪一种：D [1分]30. 上列五种妇人腹痛，胶艾汤主治的是哪一种：B [1分]A.防己黄芪汤B.甘草附子汤C.麻杏苡甘汤D.白术附子汤E.麻黄加术汤31. 脉浮，身重，汗出，恶风者,治宜: A [1分]32. 湿家身烦疼，治宜：E [1分]A.越婢加半夏汤B.小青龙加石膏汤C.厚朴麻黄汤D.射干麻黄汤E.葶苈大枣泻肺汤33. “咳而上气，喉中水鸡声”治用：D [1分]34. “咳而脉浮者”治用：C [1分]A.侯氏黑散B.风引汤C.防己地黄汤D.续命汤E.头风摩散方35. 中风证见大风四肢烦重，心中恶寒不足宜用：A [1分]36. 中风证见血虚受风宜用：C [1分]A.心中痞，诸逆，心悬痛B.心下坚，大如盘C.上冲皮起，出见有头足D.其人常欲蹈其胸上E.小腹弦急，痛引脐中37. 肝着证见：D [1分]38. 气分病证见：B [1分]A.肾气丸B.薯蓣丸C.桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤D.黄芪建中汤E.酸枣仁汤39. 虚劳腰痛，小便不利，少腹拘急者治用：A [1分]40. 虚劳里急，诸不足治用：D [1分]A.皮水挟热B.皮水无热C.皮水手足厥冷D.皮水四肢肿，四肢聂聂动者E.皮水一身面目黄肿，其脉沉，小便不利41. 防己茯苓汤可治：D [1分]42. 蒲灰散可治：E [1分]A.薏苡附子败酱散B.排脓散C.大黄甘遂汤D.王不留行散E.大黄牡丹汤43. 肠痈脓已成选方：A [1分]44. 肠痈脓未成选方：E [1分]A.胶姜汤B.温经汤C.桂枝茯苓丸D.旋复花汤E.胶艾汤45. 胞阻下血宜用：E [1分]46. 冲任虚寒兼有瘀血的崩漏宜用：B [1分]。
大学英语II第五次作业(西南交大)
一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确，共40道小题)1. – Oh, God! I’ve made such a mistake!–(A) Oh, nothing!(B) Never mind. We all make mistakes.(C) You should blame yourself.(D) Don’t worry.正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]B 当对方在你面前抱怨自己做错了事时，应进行实质性的安慰，而D 为敷衍性答复。
AC为非礼貌用语。
2. – What a poor job I’ve done!–(A) Do it again.(B) You can do it.(C) Do your best next time!(D) Don’t be upset. No one can do it better than you.正确答案：D解答参考：[第五单元]D 选项AC使上下文意思无法衔接，选项C含批评意。
3. – I had a minor accident yesterday but fortunately nothing is serious.–(A) What a relief to hear that!(B) I’m sorry to hear that.(C) What can I do for you?(D) Don’t worry.正确答案：A解答参考：[第五单元] A 上文提到遭遇小车祸但无大碍，这是不幸中的万幸，因此BD不恰当，C为商店服务用语。
4. – I feel awful. I’ve left your book somewhere.–(A) Oh! How could you do that!(B) Don’t worry. I never liked it anyway.(C) Cheer up. I’ll buy anthor one.(D) It’s not your fault.正确答案：B解答参考：[第五单元]B 当对方因事表示道歉时，应进行宽慰，而D则答非所问。
国家开放大学学习指南形考任务5次作业参考答案
国家开放大学学习指南形考任务一参考答案一、单项选择（每题5分，共计10分）1、请将你认为不适合描述为国家开放大学特色的选项选择出来。
（）a. 国家开放大学是基于信息技术的特殊的大学b. 国家开放大学是一所与普通高校学习方式完全相同的大学c. 国家开放大学是一所在教与学的方式上有别与普通高校的新型大学d. 国家开放大学可以为学习者提供多终端数字化的学习资源正确答案是：国家开放大学是一所与普通高校学习方式完全相同的大学2、请将不能客观地描述国家开放大学学习方式的选项选择出来。
a. 只有在面对面教学的课堂上才能完成学习任务b. 在网络上阅读和学习课程教学资源c. 在课程平台上进行与老师与同学们的交流讨论d. 利用pad、手机等设备随时随地学习正确答案是：只有在面对面教学的课堂上才能完成学习任务二、判断题（每题2分，共计10分）1、制定时间计划，评估计划的执行情况，并根据需要实时地调整计划，是管理学习时间的有效策略。
（对）2、远程学习的方法和技能比传统的课堂学习简单，学习方法并不重要。
（错）3、在国家开放大学的学习中，有课程知识内容请教老师，可以通过发email、QQ群、课程论坛等方式来与老师联络。
（对）4、在网络环境下，同学之间、师生之间无法协作完成课程讨论。
（错）5、纸质教材、音像教材、课堂讲授的学习策略都是一样的。
（错）国家开放大学学习指南形考任务二参考答案一、单选题（每题2分，共5题，共计10分）1、开放大学学制特色是注册后年内取得的学分均有效。
（）A. 10B. 5C. 3D. 8正确答案：82、不是专业学位授予的必备条件。
（）A. 课程成绩达到学位授予的相关要求B. 通过学位英语考试C. 被评为优秀毕业生D. 毕业论文成绩达到学位授予相关要求正确答案是：被评为优秀毕业生3、请问以下是专业学习后期需要完成的环节？A. 了解教学计划B. 入学测试C. 专业综合实践D. 课程形成性评价正确答案是：专业综合实践4、转专业后，学籍有效期仍从（）开始计算。
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1、灰口铸铁和白口铸铁在组织和性能上有何区别？
（1）组织区别：白口铸铁中的碳全部以渗透碳体（Fe3c）形式存在，断口呈亮白色。
灰口铸铁碳大部或全部以自由状态片状石墨存在，断口呈灰色。
（2）性能区别：白口铸铁由于有大量硬而脆的Fe3c，故其硬度高、脆性大、韧性差，很难加工。
灰口铸铁因石墨存在，具有良好铸造性能、切削加工性好，减震性、减磨性好。
灰铸铁最适宜制造什么类型和用途的零件毛坯？
根据牌号的不同可分别制造：（1）低负荷和不重要的零件，如防护罩、小手柄、盖板和重锤等；（2）承受中等负荷的零件，如机座、支架、箱体、带轮、轴承座、法兰、泵体、阀体、管路、飞轮和电动机座等；（3）承受较大负荷的重要零件，如机座、床身、齿轮、汽缸、飞轮、齿轮箱、中等压力阀体、汽缸体和汽缸套等；（4）承受高负荷、要求耐磨和高气密性的重要零件，如重型机床床身、压力机床身、高压液压件、活塞环、齿轮和凸轮等。
2、孕育铸铁将如何生产？孕育铸铁有何组织和性能特点？
孕育铸铁生产：在浇注前向铁液中加入少量孕育剂（如硅铁和硅钙合金），形成大量的、高度弥散的难熔质点，成为石墨的结晶核心，促进石墨的形核，得到细珠光体基体和细小均匀分布的片状石墨。
这种方法称为孕育处理，孕育处理后得到的铸铁叫做孕育铸铁。
孕育铸铁组织和性能特点：组织是细珠光体基体和细小均匀分布的片状石墨；性能特点：强度和韧性都优于普通灰铸铁，而且孕育处理使得不同壁厚铸件的组织比较均匀，性能基本一致。
故孕育铸铁常用来制造力学性能要求较高而截面尺寸变化较大的大型铸件。
3、铸铁石墨化的意义是什么？影响铸铁石墨化的因素有哪些？
（1）铸铁石墨化的意义：石墨化可将高硬度、性脆的白口铸铁转化为具有较高强度及其他性能的灰铸铁、球铁、可锻铸铁、蠕墨铸铁。
（2）影响铸铁石墨化的因素：
铸铁的组织取决于石墨化进行的程度，为了获得所需要的组织，关键在于控制石墨化进行的程度。
实践证明，铸铁化学成分、铸铁结晶的冷却速度及铁水的过热和静置等诸多因素都影响石墨化和铸铁的显微组织。
4、（1）球墨铸铁是如何获得的？
通过在浇注之前，往铁液中加入少量球化剂（通常为镁、稀土镁合金或含铈的稀土合金）和孕育剂（通常为硅铁），使铁水凝固后形成球状石墨而获得的。
（2）球墨铸铁有何组织和性能特点？
组织：珠光体+球状石墨或铁素体+球状石墨；即P + F少+G球或F + P少+G球
性能：具有优良机械性能，球铁的强度和韧性比其他铸铁高。
（3）说明球墨铸铁在汽车制造中的应用
东风汽车公司采用铸态珠光体球铁制造曲轴，东风汽车公司与南京汽车厂分别用铸态铁素体球铁大量制造汽车底盘零件。
5、对比分析铸钢和球墨铸铁在力学性能、铸造性能、生产成本以及应用上的区别。
铸钢的综合机械性能好于球铁，尤其是抗拉强度和抗冲击性能。
但球墨铸铁具有更高的屈服强度和较好的疲劳强度，其屈服强度最低为40k，而铸钢的屈服强度只有36k。
球墨铸铁的耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性都超过铸钢。
由于球墨铸铁的球状石墨微观结构，在减弱振动能力方面，球墨铸铁优于铸钢；球墨铸铁铸造性能好于铸钢；球墨铸铁比铸钢生产成本低。
球墨铸铁以其优良的性能，在使用中有时可以代替昂贵的铸钢，在机械制造工业中得到广泛应用，甚至能代替锻钢做成曲轴,齿轮等重要零件，抗蚀性能也优于普通铸钢，通常做阀门、减压阀。
但在重型机械中用于制造承受大负荷的零件，如轧钢机机架、水压机底座等；在铁路车辆上用于制造受力大又承受冲击的零件如摇枕、侧架、车轮和车钩等，建议使用铸
钢。
6、简述铸造非铁合金的种类、性能和应用上的区别。
（1）铸造铜合金
用于生产铸件的铜合金。
例如铸造铍青铜和铸造锡青铜，这类合金塑性极差，不能进行压力加工，有较高的力学性能和耐蚀性,耐磨性较好，可切削性能良好。
铸造铍青铜主要用作防爆工具、模具、海底电缆中继器的结构件、焊接电极等。
铸造锡青铜，铸造铝青铜，铸造黄铜主要用作轴瓦、轴套、衬套、轴承、齿轮、管件等。
（2）铸造铝合金
据主要合金元素差异有四类铸造铝合金。
①铝硅系合金，也叫“硅铝明”或“矽铝明”。
有良好铸造性能和耐磨性能，热胀系数小，在铸造铝合金中品种最多，用量最大的合金，含硅量在10％～25％。
有时添加0.2％～0.6％镁的硅铝合金，广泛用于结构件，如壳体、缸体、箱体和框架等。
有时添加适量的铜和镁，能提高合金的力学性能和耐热性。
此类合金广泛用于制造活塞等部件。
②铝铜合金，含铜4.5％～5.3％合金强化效果最佳，适当加入锰和钛能显著提高室温、高温强度和铸造性能。
主要用于制作承受大的动、静载荷和形状不复杂的砂型铸件。
③铝镁合金，密度最小(2.55g/cm3)，强度最高(355MPa左右)的铸造铝合金，含镁12％，强化效果最佳。
合金在大气和海水中的抗腐蚀性能好，室温下有良好的综合力学性能和可切削性，可用于作雷达底座、飞机的发动机机匣、螺旋桨、起落架等零件，也可作装饰材料。
④铝锌系合金，为改善性能常加入硅、镁元素，常称为“锌硅铝明”。
在铸造条件下，该合金有淬火作用，即“自行淬火”。
不经热处理就可使用，以变质热处理后，铸件有较高的强度。
经稳定化处理后，尺寸稳定，常用于制作模型、型板及设备支架等。
7、举例列表说明各种铸造合金牌号、组织、主要力学性能及其应用。
从教材或课件上的找几种铸造合金（灰铸铁、球铁、可锻铸铁、蠕墨铸铁、铸钢、铸造铜合金、铸造铝合金）列表。