2018年12月大学英语四级翻译三套试卷解析(新东方版)
2018年12月四级第三套解析
2018年12月大学英语四级考试精编解析(第三套)Part Ⅰ Writing范文The Challenges of Starting a Career After GraduationThe recent years have witnessed a sharp rise in the number of college students who successfully start their careers after graduation. However, many others fail to do so because the transition from a student to an employee is actually full of challengesFirst of all, you might not be popular with every colleague, which is frustrating for a newcomer of the workplace. So you’d better try to make a good impression on all of your workmates, especially your boss. Furthermore, there probably is a gap between what you learned at school and what you are acquired to do at work. You have to learn quickly and avoid making too many stupid mistakes. Finally, you may find you are always on a tight budget because of the low salary for a new graduate and all kinds of living expenses, which make it difficult to make the ends meet.As the old proverb goes, “Well begun is half gone.” If you can handle these challenges skillfully after graduation, you will clear the path for further career development, either job promotion or starting your own business. So hang on and never give up!Part II Listening Comprehension说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA) When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.B) While the “five-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C) So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D) Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.E) In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up and if you’re alone in the kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the misremembered story persists. It’s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F) So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles（瓷砖）and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.G) But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5,30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2,4,8 and 24 hours.H) We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn’t depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what’s at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I) We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 45-70% of bacteria were.J) Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters（参数）to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.K) Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.L）And it’s not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various “media”, which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing（打喷嚏）. Hands, foods and utensils（器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Becteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers（清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.M）So the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.N）Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. The author’s research centers around how food gets contaminated.41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（猎物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled（发出响声）；others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn’t. It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected. “Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,” lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats’ hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what’s called “preferential looking”—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal. When babies’ expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America’s most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they’ve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46.What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47. What may account for the cats’ response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.B) Their unusual sense of direction.C) Their special ability to perceive.D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts. C) They wait some time before attack.B)They rely mainly on their hearing. D) They use both their ears and eyes.49. In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd.B) They view the world as normal.C) They do what they prefer to do.D) They are curious about everything.50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B) They interact withe the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator padals（踏板）. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening in the coal and oil industries a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country. New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.51.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.B) It would save local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobility.B) They would suffer no road accidents.C) They would have no trouble driving.D) They could go anywhere they want.53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D) Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A) Political dissatisfaction.B) Retraining of employees.C) Fossil fuel conservation.D) Business restructuring.55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A) Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。
2018年12月英语四级真题答案解析
2018年12月英语四级真题答案解析（第1套）来源：文都教育Part I Writing【创业——参考范文】The Challenges of Starting a Career after GraduationFacing the rising employment pressure, a host of college graduates choose to start a career instead of looking for a regular job in a company. As we all know that, starting a career is beneficial to realize one’s own dreams and value. However, it is also widely acknowledged that stating a career will be inevitably confronted with numerous challenges.When it comes to the challenges that we may meet in the process of starting a career, the main ones can be listed as follows. First of all, as freshmen who have just entered into the society, it is obvious that college graduates lack related experience, which will increase the rate of failure they may encounter during starting a career. Being short of entrepreneurial experience is one of difficulties that college graduates need to overcome. In addition, the collection of money is another problem they should solve urgently. Otherwise, there is no possibility of starting a career.Although starting a career after graduation has so many challenges to be solved, college graduates still need take a positive attitude towards it. Moreover, prudent consideration and entrepreneurial spirit are also necessary for graduates to start a career.Part IIListening Comprehension【四级听力参考答案】C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.A) It is stable.B) No injuries were yet reported.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.A) Shrinking potato farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.A) Global warming.C) Dull.D)she take notes.A) It keeps her mind active.B) It helps her better remember what she learns. A)To spend her honeymoon.A) In memory of a princess.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.B)They are mostly crowded.C)They provide residents with the resources needed.B)By inspiring their creativity.D)Their number increased modestly.C)It is an unusual cross breed.A)They are as loyal as doges.C)They shower with them.D) Excited but somewhat sad.A) It starts the moment they are born.D) Set a good example for them to follow.B) Their home life.Part III Reading comprehensionSectionAF) damageB) associatedM) sourcesD) constantG) describedE) controlH) equalsK) regularlyI)exclusivelyO) vehiclesSection B[D] Nadeau says sugar and...[B] Scott is delighted to get...[G] In Southern California...39. [A] Several times a month, you can...40. [I] Many people don’t know how to cook...41.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard...42.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made...43. [J] Studies have explored evidence that...44. [E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution...45. [G] In Southern California...Section CPassage oneB)By drawing water from the depths of the earth。
2018年201X年12月英语四级翻译真题答案word版本 (2页)
2018年201X年12月英语四级翻译真题答案word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年12月英语四级翻译真题答案四级翻译一向会让人头疼，不是“词”想不出来，就是“意”翻不出来。
下面小编为大家搜索整理了201X年12月英语四级翻译真题答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
英语四级翻译真题及译文：泰山泰山位于山东省西部。
海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。
泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。
据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。
许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。
山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。
泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。
参考范文：Located in western Shandong province in eastern China, Mount Tai stands over 1500 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 400 square kilometers. It is a mountain of historical and cultural significance. Religious worship of Mount Tai dates back 3,000 years.In recorded history, 72 emperors came here to pay homage to heavenand earth. Mount Tai has seen many poets, literary scholars as wellas painters who have traveled there for inspiration. That explainswhy Mount Tai features numerous cultural relics and historic sites. Mount Tai has become one of the leading tourist attractions in China.英语四级翻译真题及译文：华山华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。
2018年12月四级翻译解析(新东方版)
2018年12月四级翻译解析（新东方版）Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。
这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。
大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。
因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。
但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。
With the rapid development of communication network, the recent years has witnessed a dramatical increase in the number of smartphone users in China, which greatly changed the way of reading among many people. Nowadays, they tend to get access to news and articles through their smartphones instead of traditional magazines. In addition, the development of numerous mobile apps has made it possible for people to read novels and other literary works through phones. Therefore, influence was exerted on the sale of paper books. According to the survey, however, more than half of adults still prefer paper books despite a steady growth existed in the mobile reading market.1. 由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。
2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)
2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)目录2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (1)快速对答案 (14)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷一详细答案(精品) (15)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题二(完整版) (61)快速对答案 (75)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷二详细答案(精品) (75)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题三(完整版) (120)快速对答案 (129)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷三详细答案(精品) (129)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the challenges of living in a big city.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
英语四级真题2018年12月(第三套)试卷及答案解析
2018年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A．Directions: In th· is section, you will hear three news reports. A t the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose theen mar e corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Th k tha single line through the centre.说明：2018年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而巳，故在本套中不再重复给出。
Part ill Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Yo u are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is ident加d by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. Yo u may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different 26 I tried, I still couldn't get rid of the cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was 29 because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping (刮）treatment known as "Gua Sha". I was a little 32 at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to 34 deeper into relaxation. I didn't feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35 . Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A)deepen B) e xperiences C)hesitantD)" mconvemence E) l essen F) l icensesG) p ressured H) r ecommended!)remediesJ) s cared K) s ensitive L) s inkM) t emporary N)tremble O)worseSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. I dentify the paragraph from which the information i.s derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?A) W hen you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.B)W怕le the "five-second rule" might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C) S o is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D) W ondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.E) I n fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the kitchen, who's going to see it?" But the misremembered story persists. It's harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F) S o what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of you food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in aresearch project at the University of Illinois.Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖）and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.G)But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood.Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. W e repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hoursH) W e found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I) W e also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1 %of the bacteria were transferred.But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.J) L ast year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters (参数）to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87 %of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor. K) Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1 %is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. B ut the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.L) A nd it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.Bacteria are carried by various "media", which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷咙）. Hands, foods and utensils (器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Becteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanit也ers(清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.M) S o the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.N) R esearch or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.36.A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. W hether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38.Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39.Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. T he author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.41.Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42.Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43.For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44.Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45.Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed ona contaminated floor.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. E ach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Fo r each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) a nd D). Yo u should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey (猎物）using both their ears and an inborn(天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a te皿member shook. S ome containers rattled (发出响声）；others did not. W hen the con血ner tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn't.It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected."Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects," lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. T he researchers conclude that cats'hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. L ike cats, babies appear to engage in what's called "preferential looking"—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceiveas normal.When babies'expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends.Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, s o cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47.What may account for the cats'response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.C) Their special ability to perceive. B) Their unusual sense of direction.D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48. W hat is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts.C) They wait some time before attack.49.In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd.C) They do what they prefer to do.50. W hat can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. B) They rely mainly on their hearing.D) They use both their ears and eyes.B) They view the world as normal. D) They are curious about everything.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals (踏板）. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say "yes" and you are on your way. T he car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. O n the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways.There's no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. T he potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels.Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505, 660 registered school bus drivers. T he American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S ..The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offerretraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will, and should, be developed. T his is how society moves forward. However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.61. W hat would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.B) It would save local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobility.C) They would have no trouble driving.B) They would suffer no road accidents.D) They could go anywhere they want.53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D)Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54. W hat is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A)Political dissatisfaction.C) Fossil fuel conservation.B) Retraining of employees.D) Business restructuring.55.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A)Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devicesPart IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For t如s part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。
大学英语四六级考试-2018年12月四级第三套阅读参考译文
Section A几个月前，我因为患了重感冒病倒了，结果一直咳嗽得很厉害。
无论我尝试了多少种不同的[26]治疗方法，我仍然咳嗽不止。
这不仅给我的教学[27]带来了不便，也给我的整个生活造成了麻烦。
后来有一天下课后，一个学生过来向我[28]推荐中医。
从她的描述中，中医听起来似乎有种神奇的魔力，能创造奇迹。
我[29]犹豫不决，因为我对中医知之甚少，而且以前从未尝试过。
最后，我咳嗽得愈加[30]厉害，以至于晚上无法入睡，所以我决定试试中医。
中国医生给我把了脉，并要求查看了我的舌头，这些对我来说都是新的[31]体验，因为它们在西医中都是不存在的。
后来医生给我做了刮痧疗法。
起初我有点[32]害怕，因为他用一个边缘光滑的工具刮我脖子和肩膀上的皮肤。
几分钟后，[33]有力道的刮痧开始产生缓解作用，我的身心开始[34]陷入更深层的放松之中。
在最初的几天，我感觉身体状况没有任何好转，但是经过几次定期就诊后，我的咳嗽开始[35]缓解。
后来，在大约几个星期之内，咳嗽完全消失了！Section B掉在地上的食物真的可以吃吗？A)当你把一块食物掉在地上时，如果你在五秒内捡起来，真的就可以吃吗？城市中有一个关于食物的传言认为，如果食物在地板上只停留了几秒钟的时间，灰尘和细菌就不会有太多机会污染它。
[40]我的实验室的研究集中在食物是如何被污染的，我们在这一特殊的学问方面已经做了一些研究工作。
B)虽然“五秒钟规则”或许看上去并非食品科学家最迫切需要弄清楚的问题，但像这种关于食物的传言仍然值得研究，因为它们使我们形成了关于食物何时可以安全食用的看法。
C)那么，在地板上停留5秒钟是把一块可食用的食物和一起食物中毒案例区分开来的关键参数吗？事情比这要更加复杂一点。
[37]这取决于到底有多少细菌能在几秒钟内从地板附着到食物上面，以及地板有多脏。
D)[43]想知道食物掉在地上后是否还能吃是很多人都有过的经历。
而且，这很可能也不是什么新鲜事了。
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2018年12月大学英语四级翻译三套真题试卷解析（新东方版）Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。
他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。
他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。
此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。
然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机，事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。
【译文】More and more Chinese people can't separate from mobile phones. Many of them, including old people, use the mobile apps to stay/keep in touch and broaden their circle of friends. They also use their mobile phones to shop and find information because they are easy to carry(portable). In addition, communication using mobile apps is cheaper than traditional phones. However, this new trend has led people to rely too much on mobile phones when they socialize. In fact, some young people have become so addicted that they neglect face-to-face communication with family and friends.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。
离不开= 不能分开，分离，can't separate from越来越多的More and more/ An increasing number ofMore and more Chinese people can't separate from mobile phones.他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。
主干：人用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。
短语手机应用程序mobile apps /applications保持联系stay/keep in touch拓宽朋友圈broaden their circle of friendsMany of them use the mobile apps to stay/keep in touch and broaden their circle of friends.包括老年人including old people 放句中Many of them, including old people, use the mobile apps to stay/keep in touch and broaden their circle of friends.他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。
两句话主谓完整，且有“因为”连接，可翻译成原因状语从句，两个单句分别翻译他们也用手机购物，查找信息They also use mobile phones to shop and find information因为手机便于携带because they are easy to carry或处理成便携的、方便的进行同意替换portable、convenientbecause they are portable/convenientThey also use their mobile phones to shop and find information because they are easy to carry(portable)此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜.比较句式In addition, communication using mobile apps is cheaper than traditional phones.或添加形式主语I t’s cheaper to communicate by mobile apps than traditional phones.然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机短语依赖rely on/ depend on人们在社交时when they socialize.或对社交进行解释，和别人交流交往when they communicate/ chat with others. However, this new trend has led people to rely too much on mobile phones when they socialize.6.事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。
如此..以至于so ...that事实上In fact上瘾addicted忽略neglect忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。
they neglect face-to-face communication with family and friends.或理解成他们很少和家人交流They seldom communicate with family and friends face-to-faceIn fact, some young people have become so addicted that they neglect face-to-face communication with family and friends.In fact, some young people have become so addicted that they seldom communicate with family and friends face-to-face2018年12月四级翻译试卷三套Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展，随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。
18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。
由于现在用手机付款极容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。
为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。
专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。
【译文】In the past few years, the mobile payment market has flourished in China. With the advent of the mobile Internet, mobile shopping has gradually become a trend. Young people between the ages of 18 and 30 constitute the largest group in the mobile payment market. (Young people between the ages of 18 and 30 make up the largest segment of the mobile payment market. ) Since it is extremely easy to pay by mobile phone now, many consumers prefer to pay by mobile phone when shopping, rather than cash or credit cards. （Because it is so easy to pay by mobile now, many consumers would rather pay by mobile phone than by cash or credit card when shopping. ）To encourage people to spend more, many stores offer discounts to customers who use mobile payments. Experts predict that China's mobile payment market still has great potentials for development in the future.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展，过去几年里 In the past few years移动支付市场 the mobile payment market蓬勃发展 flourish，prosper， boom，develop（rapidly进行修饰）时态上最好用现在完成时In the past few years, the mobile payment market has flourished in China.随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。
随着移动互联网的出现 With the advent of the mobile Internet“with”表随着移动互联网的出现名词修饰名词前后倒置翻译 the advent of the mobile Internet, （出现可用emergence, appearance替换）手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势趋势 trend n. mobile shopping has gradually become a trend.用“popular”进行同义替换mobile shopping has gradually become more and more popular。