外文翻译--价值链理论新发展补充

中文2600字附录The theory of value chain development supplement(1) the industry value chain theory. The value chain concept is a Harvard Business School professor Michael? Potter proposed in "competitive advantage" in a book. He said, "every enterprise is a collection of various activities to assist its products in the design, production, sales, and the sending of, all these activities can show that value chain." Also refers to the value chain of an enterprise. The industrial chain is a concept in industrial economics, is between the various industries based on the correlation technology economy, and based on the logical relationship and space-time distribution of specific objective formation of chain type relation form. In the Michael? Potter's value chain model based on the new extension, the inter-firm linkages is taken into account, that is known as the industrial value chain. Generally speaking, outside the enterprise internal value chain on the formation of industry value chain. Its forming process is the production of enterprises will be part of the original technology development, manufacturing, marketing, service and so on to design and integration, the resources are concentrated in specific areas, will focus narrowed to the core business, retaining only the key link, is the best part of core functions, and will other aspects of virtualization, which reduce the input or give up some links, with the help of the market by seeking external partners to provide help, these cooperative enterprises have the enterprise temporarily not available or not outstanding ability. This formed through market transaction between the new value chain can be referred to as the industry chain, it can enhance the enterprises and the competitiveness of the whole industry chain rapidly.Not only the enterprise internal value chain, value chain and value chain of an enterprise and other economic units are the same, the value chain of any enterprise can exist in a composed of many value system. However, the enterprise value chain is a vertical structure, top-down control; industry chain is the externalization of the enterprise internal value chain. Research on enterprise value chain is the enterprise activities, and the study of industry chain and industry value chain between enterprise activities. With the division of labor within the industry to continue to develop in depth, the traditional industries of different types of value creation activities gradually by an enterprise as the leading into a plurality of the activities of enterprises, these enterprises constitute the relationship between upstream and downstream, worktogether to create value.(2) the theory of global value chain. The global value chain theory is based on the international commodity chain and value chain theory, combined with many subjects by many researchers to work together to create. Curgat in the "global strategy: design with value chain analysis of the international strategic situation comparative and competitive value-added chain". In this paper, the value chain is composed of fusion technology, raw materials and labor and the formation of the input link, and then through the assembly of these links are combined to form the final goods, finally through the market, consumption and completed value cycle. Therefore, he thought, set the form of international business strategy is actually the interactions between national comparative advantage and the competitive ability of the enterprise to the results, the comparative advantage of a country or an enterprise's competitive ability can not be embodied in every link in the production of goods. The comparative advantage of countries reflected in the entire value chain condition depends on the efficient allocation of resources between countries or regions of the situation, and reflect the core competitiveness of enterprises in the value chain depends on the enterprise to develop its competitive advantage and the choice of link. Compared with the value chain and Potter emphasized the individual competitive advantage, the relationship between Curgat's viewpoint can reflect vertical separation and global value chain and between the configuration, the value chain concept is extended from the enterprise level to the regional and national levels, resulting in a very important role in the formation of the global value chain theory.The global value chain refers to the realization of goods or services connected to the production, sales, value and service process of global enterprise network organization, ranging from raw material acquisition and transportation, semi-finished and finished goods production and distribution, the entire process until the final goods and services. It includes all the participants and the production and marketing activities of the organization and its value, profit distribution. At present, walk in the world, is in the global value chain of enterprises with services from design, product development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, consumption, customer service, and other value added activities.Study on the perspective of the global value chain from the past simply confined to a country to extend to the value chain of global now, emphasize the importance and relevance of value chain cooperation in Global trade in different countries. Based on the value chain decomposition and recombination, in order to achieve high additionalvalue, thus greatly expand business, make the enterprise become possible for each order to customize a value chain, and enable enterprises to think like a big company, acting like a small company.(3) the theory of value chain management. Value chain management mainly has vertical value chain management and value chain management level points: vertical value chain management refers to an enterprise value chain (raw materials manufacturers, suppliers, manufacturers, customers) all participating entity management. Japanese companies first use of vertical value chain management, attempts to unify all of the factors in the manufacturing process, in order to better control the suppliers and distributors, to strengthen the cooperation between enterprise and its supplier, and improve the quality of the products. Manufacturing enterprises and suppliers no longer a minimum price for a supply of sth., both sides have established cooperative partnership. Based on the shared interests, suppliers can also participate in the product design, manufacturing enterprises in this way, the two sides can through the exchange of information timely, rapid design the most practical products.With the development of economy, many innovative enterprise structure in Japan in the manufacturing industry, the level of the value chain management. These often partner member companies than those parts suppliers to develop faster. Value chain management level is on the interaction of the various enterprises value chain of enterprises at the same level of the management of enterprise group. The virtual enterprise is popular, companies sometimes even among competitors through the alliance, the use of information technology to achieve the win-win goal. Once the realization of this objective, virtual enterprise is dissolved. Virtual enterprises are not working principle of fixed, usually by the relevant enterprises to provide their core superiority, from the best manufacturers products, with the most advanced R&D sector enterprises to design products, the best marketing companies to sell products etc.The high-tech enterprises value creationUsually said "value creation" is refers to the enterprise through the purchase of raw materials, manufacturing products, and ultimately sold to customers, so as to realize the process of corporate profits and capital appreciation. In this process, the enterprise and enterprise profit and the value added to meet the already exists objectively customer demand. The "value creation" is refers to the enterprise through the full and detailed market survey, will create the body (enterprise) subject and value(customer) are linked together organically, is a whole system, then use the capital operation and other means, for customers to create new demand, and for the enterprise to create a broader market space and the value space, finally reach a value on the leap.For different understanding and knowledge of the value creation form different value creation, and the different value creation and form the enterprise business philosophy and customer relationship corresponding to different. The traditional value creation ideas that enterprises must comply with customer's demand, no customer no enterprise value. The enterprise is in a passive position in the buyer's market. The relationship between enterprise and customer profile should be for the customer to dominate the enterprise value, two in the market in the state is due to buy and sell. And the former is different, the innovative concept of "value creation" is created by the enterprise. In this concept, the enterprise is the former have more initiative and more creative, enterprises through continuous innovation needs to lead customers into their own market, the customer and enterprise is bought for selling. Therefore, the "value creation" is a high-tech enterprise by its unique advantage in capital for the customer to create new demand, and the new trend of new demand into real products or services to lead the customer consumption, thereby creating a new market space and value space. That is the real meaning of value creation, is a high-tech enterprise value leap, and a leap is the wealth of society.价值链理论新发展补充（1）产业价值链理论。