Unit6Rawmaterialsofsteelmaking冶金专业英语
冶金工程专业英语词汇
冶金工程专业英语词汇1. 冶金学冶金学是冶金工程专业的核心课程，主要讲授钢铁冶金和有色金属冶金过程的基本原理、工艺及装备，包括炼铁、炼钢、精炼、连铸、铝冶金、铜冶金、稀土冶金等内容。
中文英文冶金学metallurgy钢铁冶金iron and steel metallurgy有色金属冶金nonferrous metal metallurgy炼铁ironmaking炼钢steelmaking精炼refining连铸continuous casting铝冶金aluminum metallurgy铜冶金copper metallurgy稀土冶金rare earth metallurgy高炉blast furnace转炉converter电炉electric furnace真空精炼vacuum refining钢包ladle结晶器crystallizer铝电解槽aluminum electrolytic cell铜闪速熔炼copper flash smelting稀土萃取分离rare earth extraction and separation熔盐电解法molten salt electrolysis method冶炼产品smelting products生铁pig iron钢水molten steel铝锭aluminum ingot铜阳极泥copper anode slime稀土氧化物rare earth oxides冶炼渣smelting slag炉渣性质slag properties脱硫desulfurization脱磷dephosphorization脱氧deoxidation合金化alloying溅渣护炉splashing slag lining protection终点控制endpoint control中文英文出钢操作tapping operation凝固传热机制solidification heat transfer mechanism凝固结构与缺陷solidification structure and defects氧化还原反应oxidation-reduction reaction造渣反应与造渣制度slagging reaction and slagging system2. 冶金物理化学冶金物理化学是冶金工程专业的基础理论课程，主要讲授冶金过程中涉及的物理化学原理和方法，包括平衡与相图、溶液理论、电化学、表面与胶体化学、传递现象等内容。
Raw Material of Steelmaking 冶金专业英语教案
项目2 steelmaking任务1 Unit 6 Raw Material of Steelmaking授课班级授课时间第周/第次第周/第次第周/第次第周/第次授课地点公教楼主要教学方法Heuristic, discussional and explain课业内容 1. The raw material of steelmaking课型理实一体教学目标知识: Understand the rawmaterial of steelmaking andtheir functions.技能:Listening，speaking,reading, writing some simplewords of raw materials forsteelmaking.态度：get students interesting inEnglish for metallurgyengineering教学重点Special words 教学难点Listening，speaking 教学资源与工具Multimedia, network , library resource，textbook教学步骤教学设计（含教学内容梗概、方法、手段、活动、任务、资料、教具、评价等）时间分配（分钟）课前准备1 带领学生温习项目1的专业词汇，并随机抽查温习效果。
2 分5组讨论炼钢需要哪些原料，标准是怎样的,借助翻译工具，用英语表达，锻炼学生的“speaking” 的能力。
10讲授ⅠIntroduction总结学生对炼钢原料和原料标准的描述引入炼钢原料的分及其各类功能：The raw materials of steelmaking are the hot metal, steel scrap, sponge iron, slag formers, alloying agents and oxidizing agents.Large quantities of tramp elements within the hot metal still have to be removed,which is a most important task of steelmaking.Steel scrap and sponge iron can be used as iron supplier and cooling agent. Steelscrap may be classified circulating scrap, process scrap and capital scrap.Slag formers consist of lime, dolomite, fluorspar which produce a reactionable low viscosity (黏度) slag capable of absorbing undesired elements.Alloying agents do the hardening and tempering (调质)in order to obtain certain properties such as corrosion resistance, machinability. Deoxidizing agents bind the oxygen dissolved in the liquid steel.Ⅱ The Blast Furnace Plant随机抽点学生，让他们阅读课文，锻炼他们的“Reading"的能力。
冶金英语试题材料.doc
Basic phrases冶金英语Metallurgical English 炼铁作）1 k 部iron-making operation departme nt 炼钢作业部steel-making operation departme nt 高炉车间blast furnace plant 出铁场cast house 冷风阀cold blast valve 热风炉hot blast stove 高炉blast furnace 转炉converter RH 炉RH furnace 直接还原铁Direct-reduced iron 生产工艺production process 转炉T艺converter process 脱磷dephosphorization 脱硫desulphurization 月兑氧deoxidization 月兑碳decarburization 精炼refining 炉夕卜精炼sec on dary refi ning 氧枪oxygen lance 副枪standby lance 浇注钢包pouring ladle 海绵铁sponge iron 投资费用capital cost 生铁Pig iron 熟铁Wrought iron 过跨车transfer car出钢口Tapping hole电弧炉electric-arc furnace 不锈钢stainless steel 普碳钢plain carb on steel 真空吹氯.法finkle process 真空处理vacuum treatment 真空循环脱气法RH process 真空脱气站The vacuum degassing station钢包转台ladle turret 弓I锭杆dummy bar 连铸系统continuous casting system 卸料车昆道车昆子discharge rollers 抗拉强度Tensile strength 冷拉拔cold drawing 成品车间finishing shop 轧机rolling mill 冷轧cold rolling 热轧Hot rolling 火焰切割机torch cutter 切割站Cut-off station 天车crane顶吹氧气炼钢工艺the LD process/the top・ blown oxygen steel-making processReading comprehensions(textl)In a typical plant” deoxidized steel from an electric furnace is run into a ladle, transported to the casting bay and brought to rest above the concast machine. A stopper rod or a slide gate is used to con trol the flow of steel into a tun dish reservoir. Once a predetermi ned steel level is attai ned in the tun dish, no zzles are ope ned and the molten steel feeds the open・ended mould set in a frame with internal water-cooling. At the start-up, a dummy bar; constructed of chain links, is fitted into the mould bottom, and rests between the arc formed by the machine roller guides. The molten in the mould meets the dummy bar and freezes to it and at a certain level of steel in the mould two operations are immediately initiated; the mould unit begins to reciprocate in a vertical direction and the dummy bar is withdrawn through and dow n the machine. At the horiz on tai plane it is supported by a series of rollers which are grouped into segments for operation and maintenanee and are cooled down by water spraying.At the exit of the straightening unit a roll is lowered which separates the dummy bar from the length of cast steel. The dummy bar is either lifted to one side of the machine or hoisted on to the ramp above the machine・The strand of cast metal continued traveling along the discharge rollers to a gas torch cut- off station. At predetermined dimensions this torch will automatically cut the strand to required len gths. Once the start-up complete the con cast machi ne continues to cast secti ons in accordanee with the volume of metal fed from the steel furnaces.Since the 1960s, continu ous casti ng has steadily displaced in got casti ng. The types of continuous casting machines, their listing likewise reflecting the historical development of this technique, are: vertical, bending and straightening, circular bow, and oval bow. The evolution from one form to the next has been accompanied by a considerable reduction in overall height・Questions:1- When has continuous casting displaced ingot casting?A.About sixty years agoB・ One hundred years agoC.About fifty years agoD.Since the 19602.How many types of continuous casting machines are mentioned in this passage?A.twoB. threeC. fourD. several3.Whe n does the dummy bar begi n to withdraw the in got?A.Before the mould starts to reciprocateB.After the mould unit begins to reciprocateC.While the moulcl reciprocating in a vertical directionD.While the mould unit reciprocati ng in a horiz ontal directi on.4.Only the slide gate is used to control the flow of the steel into the tundish? Trueor false?A.trueB. falseC. not mentioned5.What were the first continuous casting machines for steel like?A.It is vertical typeB. it's bending and straighteningC. It's circular bow and oval bowD・ Not mentioned(text2)The raw materials for the production of iron in the blast furnace can be grouped as follows: iron-bearing materials, fuels and flexes. The major iron-bearing materials are iron ores, sinter and pellets in the blast furnace. Their function is to supply the element iron, which is 93 to 94 per cent of the pig iron produce.The fuels enter the blast furnace as coke, coal, oil or gas. They are used for producing the heat required for smelting, and reducing the iron oxides into metallic iron and carburizing the iron (about 40 to 50 kilograms per ton of iron). In addition, because the coke retains its strength at high temperature, it provides the structural support that keeps the unmelted burden materials from falling into the hearth・At present, some of the coke in the blast furnace is usually replaced by coal. The blast furnace can inject hard coal soft coal and mixed coal. BF pulverized coal injection can dramatically reduce coke rate and the dependency on increasing shortage of coke resource, so it is the most effective approach to reducing the iron-making cost and has become an important part in BF iron-making technology advances・Fluxes in elude limestone, dolomite and lime mainly, whose major functions are to combine with the ash in the coke and the acid gangue in the ores to make a fluid slag that can be drained readily from the furnace hearth・ The ratio of basic oxides to acid oxides must be controlled carefully to preserve the sulphur-holding power of the slag as the fluidity.1.How many kinds of raw materials are mentioned for the production of iron at theblast furnace?A.TwoB. ThreeC. Four D・ Five2.What's the function of the fluxes?A. Its function is to supply the element iron, which is 93 to 94 per cent of the pig ironproduce・B・ Its function is to produce the heat required for smelting, and reducing the iron oxides into metallic iron and carburizing the iron.C.Its function is to combine with the ash in the coke and the acid gangue in the oresto make a fluid slag.D.Not mentioned.3.What coals can be injected in the blast furnace?A.Coke can be injected in the blast furnaceB.Hard coal can be injected in the blast furnaceC.Both hard coal and soft coal can be injected in the blast furnaceD.Hard coak soft coal and mixed coal4.How many major iron- bearing materials are there in the blast furnace?A. Two B・ Three C. Four D. five5.What are the functions of the fuels?A.Its function is to produce the heat required for smelting, and reducing the ironoxides into metallic iron and carburizing the iron.B.Its function is to supply the element iron, which is 93 to 94 per cent of the pigiron produce.C・ Not mentionedD. Its function is to combine with the ash in the coke and the acid gangue in the oresto make a fluid slag・(tex ⑶Steels may be rolled hot or cold. Hot rolling is carried out at an elevated rolling-stock temperature, and cold-roili ng is performed without heati ng. Hot-rolling mills are generally divided into the following zones: furnace area (for heat supply prior to deformati on), rolli ng area, and finishing area. Rolli ng stocks will be homogeneously preheated to defined temperature by socking pits in the furnace area・ The rolling area completes the rolling process. Rolling trains are normally adapted to the products to be rolled・Hence, there are many very different types of trains, such as roughing trains, intermediate and finishing trains. The most important tasks of finishing shop are: cutting, straightening, surface, protection stacking and retrieving, inspection, checking, sorting, marking, collecting, bundling, packing. The sequenee and extent of these jobs will depend on the nature of the product.Cold-roili ng mills generally in elude the followi ng areas: pickli ng area, rolli ng train, heat treatment, and finishing area. Steel is cold rolled mainly for producing flat products such as deep-drawing sheet, tin sheet and stainless sheet・Sectional steel products and tubes are also cold rolled・ The most wide-spread process is the cold rolling of strip. Strip is cold rolled on two-high, four-high or multiple-roll mills. In order to eliminate work hardening after cold rolling, heat-treatment by annealing is frequently applied・ A combination of cold forming and heat treatment permits specified tech no logical properties to be obtai ned.The advantage of hot rolling is that it can be reduced in thickness much more easily. But the surface finish and accuracy are not so good as those obtainable by cold rolling. The most general use of hot rolling, therefore, is for breaking down large ingots; cold rolling is to make smooth and accurate thin sheets of metal. As cold steel is harder than hot steel, cold steel mills need harder rolls, and the power required for cold rolling is greater than that for hot rolling.I.What zones are hot-rolling mills generally divided in to?A.Pickling area, rolling train, heat treatment, and finishing areaB.Furnace area, rolling area, and finishing area.C.Two-high, four-high or multiple-roll mills.D.Cutting, straightening, surface, protect!on stacking and retrieving, inspection,checking, sorting, marking, collecting, bundling, packing・2.What are the principle duties of the finishing shop?A.Its duties are roughing trains, intermediate and finishing trains.B.Its duties are cutting, straightening, surface, protection stacking and retrieving,inspection, checking, sortin氐markin氐collecting, bundling, and packi ng.C・ Not mentioned.D. Its duties are cutting, straightening, surface, protection stacking, checking, sorting,collecting, bundling, and packing.3.How many zones do cold-rolling mills involve?A. FiveB. ThreeC. FourD. Six4.What is the disadvantage of hot rolling comparing with cold-rolling?A.The advantage of hot rolling is that it can be reduced in thickness much moreeasily.rge ingots can be break down much more easily・C.The hot-rolling does not well in the surface finish and accuracy.D・ Rolli ng stocks can be made smoothly much more easily.5.What are two main groups of rolled steel products?A.Flat products and sectional steel products.B.Tubes and wires.C.Not mentionedD・ Tin sheet and stainless sheet.(text4)Formerly, steel produced in the ref ini ng processes of the converter or electric-arc furnace was considered finished and ready to be cast and rolled. Nowadays, sec on dary refi ning is gen erally applied after the refi ning process ・ The purpose of sec on dary refi ning is to produce clea n steel, which satisfies stri ngent requirem ents of surface, in ter nal and microclea nlin ess quality and of mecha nical properties. The tasks of sec on dary refi ning are: degassi ng (decreasi ng the concentration of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen in steel), decarburization, removing undesirable non-metallics (primarily oxides and sulphides), etc.Sec on dary refining processes have many methods. They are divided into two broad categories: secondary refining process in vacuum (vacuum treatment process) and secondary refining process in nonvacuum (nonvacuum treatment process). The corresponding techniques are: stirring gas treatment with porous lances, or with the aid of electromagnetic stirring; feeding・refining agent (lance injected solids, wire feeding); heating with cored wire and electric arc; vacuum degassing with the aid of various tech niques, etc. sec on dary refi ning processes can be carried out in the ladle, the ladle furnace, in some instances, even in the electric-arc furnace.1- What is the purpose of sec on dary refi ning?A.Its purpose is to produce clean steel, which satisfies stringent requirements of surface,in ter nal and microclea nlin ess quality and of mecha nical properties.B.Its purpose is degassing, decarburization, removing undesirable non-metallics(primarily oxides and sulphides), etc.C.Its purpose is decarburization and deoxidization.2.What are the tasks of sec on dary refi ning?A.The tasks of sec on dary refining are produci ng clean steel, which satisfies stringe ntrequirements of surface, in ter nal and microcleanli ness quality and of mechanical properties.B.The tasks of sec on dary refi ning are degassing decarburizati on, removi ngundesirable norvmetallics, etc.C・ The tasks of sec on dary refi ning are making high quality steel and gen erally applied after the refining process.3.How many methods of sec on dary refining are menti on ed?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four4.Where can sec on dary refi ning processes be carried out?A. in the ladleB・ in the ladle furnaceC・ in some instances and the electric-arc furnaceD.Above all.5.Sec on dary refi ning is gen erally applied before the refi ning process, true or false?A. True B・ FalseTranslation(1) Today, there are two fun dam en tai routes take n in the production of steel (1) blastfurnace・■一con verter ;) (2) electric-arc furnace .In the first process via, thepurpose of reducing the iron ore in blast furnace is to produce pig iron as rawmaterial of steelmaking stage・ In the second route, scrap or direct reduced iron (DRI) is melted into liquid steel. The steel produced in these ways is then finish refi ned by mea ns of sec on dary metallurgy processes ・目前，有两种主要的炼钢流程:(1)高炉•转炉流程;(2)电炉流程。
Unit 6 Raw materials of steelmaking_冶金专业英语
Raw Materials of Steelmaking
Raw materials of steelmaking
1
2 3
Blast furnace iron (Hot metal) Steel scrap and sponge iron Slag formers
Alloying agents and deoxidizing agents
• Table 6-1 typical analyses of lime, fluorspar
lime 93.0 Fluorspar CaO 1.7 CaF2 Al2O3 1.2 SiO2 MgO 0.7 CaF2
Per cent
75~85
10.0 maxi
1 .0maxi
Text
4.Alloying Agents
4
5
Oxidizing agents
Text • 1. Blast furnace iron (Hot metal) • Consists: Iron Carbon(3.0 ～ 4.5) Manganese(0.15 ～2.5) Sulphur(0.02 ～ 0.06) Silicon(0.3 ～) Phosphorous
冶金机械专业英语Unit 1-11
ContentsUnit 1 Introducing to Working DrawingsUnit 2 The computer in Design and GraphicsUnit 3 LathesUnit 4 LubricationUnit 5 From the History Ironmaking and SteelmakingUnit 6 Raw Materials for the Production of IronUnit 7 The Blast Furnace PlantUnit 8 Raw Materials of SteelingUnit 9 LD PracticeUnit10 Continuous Casting of SteelUnit11 RollingUnit 1 Introducing to Working DrawingsWorking drawings are the drawings from which a design is implemented. All principles of orthographic projection and techniques of graphics can be used to communicate the details of a project in working drawings. A detail drawing is a working drawing of a single part (or detail) within the ser of working drawings.Specifications are the written instructions that accompany working drawings. When the design can be represented on a few sheets, the specifications are usually written on the drawings to consolidate the information into a single format.All parts must interact. with other parts to some degree to yield the desired function from a design. Before detail drawings of individual parts are made the designer must thoroughly analyze the working drawing to ensure that the parts fit property with mating parts, that the correct tolerances are applied, that the contact surfaces are properly finished, and that the proper motion is possible between the parts.Much of the work in preparing working drawings is done by the drafter, but the designer, who is usually an engineer, is responsible for their correctness. It is working drawings that bring products and systems into being.Working drawings are legal contracts that document the design details and specifications as directed by the engineer. Therefore drawings must be as clear, precise, and thorough as possible. Revisions and modifications of a project at the time of production or construction are much more expensive than when done in the preliminary design stages.Poorly executed working drawings result in wasted time and resources and increase implementation costs. To be economically competitive drawings must be as error-free as possible.The inch is the basic unit of the English system, and virtually all shop drawings in the U.S. are dimensioned in inches.The millimeter is the basic unit of the metric system, Metric abbreviation (mm) after the numerals is omitted from dimensions because the SI symbol near the title block indicates that all units are metric.Some working drawings carry both inch and millimeter dimensions, usually the dimensions in parentheses or brackets are millimeters. The units may also appear as millimeters first and then be converted and shown in brackets as inches. Converting from one unit to the other results infractional round-off errors. And explanation of the primary unit system for each drawing should be noted in the title block.Title Blocks In practice, title blocks usually contain the title or part name, drafter, date, scale, company, and sheet number. Other information, such as tolerances, checkers, and materials, also may be given. Any modifications or changes added after the first version to improve the design is shown in the revision blocks.Depending on the complexity of the project, a set of working drawings may contain from one to more than a hundred sheets. Therefore, giving the number of each sheet and the total number of sheets in the set on each sheet is important ( for example, sheet 2 of 6, sheet 3 of 6, and so on).Parts List The part numbers and part names in the parts list correspond to those given to each part depicted on the working drawings. In addition, the number of identical parts required is given along with the material used to make each part.If all working drawings in a set are the same scale, you need to indicate it only once in title block on each sheet. If several detail drawings on a working drawing are different scales, indicate them on the drawing under each set of views. In this case, indicate, "as shown" in the title block opposite scale. When a drawing is not to scale, place the abbreviation NTS (not to scale) in the title block.Part Names and Numbers Give each part a name and number, using letters and numbers l/8-in. (3 mm) high. Place part numbers inside circles, called balloons, having diameters approximately four times the height of the numbers,Place part numbers near the views to which they apply, so their association will be clear. On assembly drawings, balloons are especially important because the same parts numbers are used in the parts list.People who check drawings must have special qualifications that enable them to identify errors and to suggest revisions and modifications that result in a better product at a lower cost, A checker may be chief drafter experienced in drafting and manufacturing processes or the engineer or designer who originated the project. In large companies, personnel in the various shops involved in production review the drawings to ensure that the most efficient production methods are specified for each part.Checkers never check the original drawing; instead, they mark corrections with a colored pencil on a diazo (blue-line) print. They return the marked-up print to the drafter who revises the original and makes another print for final approval.Checkers inspect a working or detail drawing for correctness and soundness of design. In addition, they are responsible for the drawing's completeness, quality, readability, and clarity. Lettering and text quality is especially important because the shop person is guided by lettered notes and dimensions.In addition to the individual revision records, drafters should keep a log of all changes made during a project. As the project progresses, the drafter should record the changes, dates, and people involved. Such a log allows anyone reviewing the project in the future to understand easily and clearly the process used to arrive at the final design.Calculations often are made during a drawing's preparation. If they are lost or poorly done, they may have to be redone; therefore they should be a permanent part of the log.Unit 2 The computer in Design and GraphicsComputers are widely used in engineering and related fields and their use is expected to grow even more rapidly than in the past. Engineering and technology students must became computer literate, to understand the applications of computer and their advantages. Not to do so will place students at a serious disadvantage in pursuing their careers.Computer-aided design (CAD), involves solving design problems with the help of computer: to make graphic images on paper with a plotter or printer, analyze design data, and store design information for easy retrieval. Many CAD systems perform these functions in an integrated manner, greatly increasing the designer's productivity.Computer-aided design drafting (CADD), an offshoot of CAD, is the process of generating engineering drawings and other technical documents by computer and is more directly related to drafting than is CAD. The CADD user inputs data by keyboard and/or mouse to produce illustrations on the monitor screen that can be reproduced as paper copies with a plotter or printer.Engineers generally agree that the computer does not change the nature of the design process but is a significant tool that improves efficiency and productivity. The designer and the CAD system may be described as a design team: the designer provides knowledge, creativity, and control; the computer generates accurate, easily modifiable graphics, performs complex design analysis at great speed, and stores and recalls design information. Occasionally, the computer may augment or replace many of the engineer's other tools, but it cannot replace the design process, which is controlled by the designer.Depending on the nature of the problem and the sophistication of the computer system, computers offer the designer or drafter some or all of the following advantages.1. Easier creation and correction of drawings. Working drawings may be created more quickly than by hand and making changes and modifications is more efficient than correcting drawings made by hand.2. Better visualization of drawings. Many systems allow different views of the same object to be displayed and 3D pictorials to be rotated on the CRT screen.3. Database of drawing aids. Creation and maintenance of design databases (libraries of designs) permits storing designs and symbols for easy recall and application to the solution of new problems.4. Quick and convenient design analysis. Because the computer offers ease of analysis, the designer can evaluate alternative designs, thereby considering more possibilities while speeding up the process at the same time.5. Simulation and testing of designs. Some computer systems make possible the simulation of a product's operation, testing the design under a variety of conditions and stresses. Computer testing may improve on or replace construction of models and prototypes.6. Increased accuracy. The computer is capable of producing drawings with more accuracy than is possible by hand. Many CAD systems are even capable of detecting errors and informing the user of them.7. Improved filing. Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved, and transmitted on disks and tapes.Computer graphics has an almost limitless number of applications in engineering and other technical fields. Most graphical solutions that are possible with a pencil can be done on a computer and usually more productively. Applications vary from 3D modeling and finite elementanalysis to 2D drawings and mathematical calculations.Once the domain of large computer systems advanced applications can now be done on microcomputers. An important extension of CAD is its application to manufacturing. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems may be used to design a part or product, devise the essential production steps, and electronically communicate this information to and control the operation of manufacturing equipment, including robots. These systems offer many advantages over traditional design and manufacturing systems, including less design effort, more efficient material use, reduced lead time, greater accuracy, and improved inventory control.Unit 3 LathesLathes are widely used in industry to produce all kinds of machined parts. Some are general purpose machines, and others are used to perform highly specialized operations.Engine LathesEngine lathes, of course, are general-purpose machines used in production and maintenance shops all over the world. Sizes range from small bench models to huge heavy duty pieces of equipment. Many of the larger lathes come equipped with attachments not commonly found in the ordinary shop, such as automatic stops for the carriage.Tracer or Duplicating LathesThe tracer or duplicating lathe is designed to produce irregularly shaped parts automatically. The basic operation of this lathe is as follows. A template of either a flat or three-dimensional shape is placed in a holder. A guide or pointer then moves along this shape and its movement controls that of the cutting tool. The duplication may include a square or tapered shoulder, grooves, tapers, and contours. Work such as motor shafts, spindles, pistons, rods, car axles, turbine shafts, and a variety of other objects can be turned using this type of lathe.Turret LathesWhen machining a complex workpiece on a general-purpose lathe, a great deal of time is spent changing and adjusting the several tools that are needed to complete the work. One of the first adaptations of the engine lathe which made it more suitable to mass production was the addition of multi-tool turret in place of the tailstock. Although most turrets have six stations, some have as many as eight.High-production turret lathes are very complicated machines with a wide variety of power accessories. The principal feature of all turret lathes, however, is that the tools can perform a consecutive serials of operations in proper sequence. Once the tools have been set and adjusted, little skill is required to turn out duplicate parts.Automatic Screw MachinesScrew machines are similar in construction to turret lathes, except that their heads are designed to hold and feed long bars of stock, Otherwise, there is little difference between them. Both are designed for multiple tooling, and both have adaptations for identical work. Originally, the turret lathe was designed as a chucking lathe for machining small castings, forgings, and irregularly shaped workpieces.The first screw machines were designed to feed bar stock and wire used in making small screw parts. Today, however, the turret lathe is frequently used with a collet attachment, and theautomatic screw machine can be equipped with a chuck to hold castings.The single-spindle automatic screw machine, as its name implies, machines work on only one bar of stock at a time. A bar 16 to 20 feet long is fed through the headstock spindle and is held firmly by a collet. The machining operations arc done by cutting tools mounted on the turret and on the cross slide. When the machine is in operation, the spindle and the stock are rotated at selected speeds for different operations. If required, rapid reversal of spindle direction is also possible.In the single-spindle automatic screw machine, a specific length of stock is automatically fed through the spindle to a machining area. At this point, the turret and cross slide move into position and automatically perform whatever operations are required. After the machined piece is cut off, stock is again fed into the machining area and the entire cycle is repeated.Multiple-spindle automatic screw machines have from four to eight spindles located around a spindle carrier. Long bars of stock, supported at the rear of the machine, pass through these hollow spindles and are gripped by collets. With the single spindle machine, the turret indexes around the spindle, When one tool on the turret is working, the others are not. With a multiple spindle machine, however, the spindle itself indexes. Thus the bars of stock are carried to the various end working and side working tools. Each tool operates in only one position, but all tools operate simultaneouslv. Therefore, four to eight workpieces can be machined at the same time.Vertical Turret LathesA vertical turret lathe is basically a turret lathe that has been stood on its headstock end. It is designed to perform a variety of turning operations. It consists of a turret, a revolving table, and a side head with a square turret for holding additional tools. Operations performed by any of the tools mounted on the turret or side head can be controlled through the use of stops.Machining CentersMany of today's more sophisticated lathes are called machining centers since they are capable of performing, in addition to the normal turning operations, certain milling and drilling operations. Basically, a machining center can be thought of as being a combination turret lathe and milling machine. Additional features are sometimes included by manufacturers to increase the versatility of their machines.Unit 4 LubricationAlthough one of the main purposes of lubrication is to reduce friction, any substance-liquid, solid, or gaseous-capable of controlling friction and wear between sliding surfaces can be classed as a lubricant.Varieties of lubricationUnlubricated sliding. Metals that have been carefully treated to remove all foreign materials seize and weld to one another when slid together. In the absence of such a high degree of cleanliness, adsorbed gases, water vapor, oxides, and contaminants reduce friction and the tendency to seize but usually result in severe wear; this is called "unlubricated" or dry sliding.Fluid-film. lubrication.Interposing a fluid film that completely separates the sliding surfaces results in fluid-film lubrication.The fluid may be introduced intentionally as the oil in the main bearings of an automobile, or unintentionally, as in the case of water between a smoothrubber tire and a wet pavement. Although the fluid is usually a liquid such as oil, water, and a wide range of other materials, it may also be a gas. The gas most commonly employed is air.To keep the parts separated, it is necessary that. the pressure within the lubricating film balance the load on the sliding surfaces. If the lubricating film's pressure is supplied by an external source, the system is said to be lubricated hydrostatically. If the pressure between the surfaces is generated as a result of the shape and motion of the surfaces themselves, however, the system is hydrodynamically lubricated. This second type of lubrication depends upon the viscous properties of the lubricant.Boundary lubrication. A condition that lies between unlubricated sliding and fluid-film lubrication is referred to as boundary lubrication, also defined as that condition of lubrication in which the friction between surfaces is determined by the properties of the surfaces and properties of the lubricant other than viscosity. Boundary lubrication encompasses a significant portion of lubrication phenomena and commonly occurs during the starting and stopping of machines.Solid lubrication. Solids such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide are widely used when normal lubricants do not possess sufficient resistance to load or temperature extremes. But lubricants need not take only such familiar forms as fats, powders, and gases; even some metals commonly serve as sliding surfaces in some sophisticated machines.Functions of lubricantsAlthough a lubricant primarily controls friction and wear, it can and ordinarily does perform numerous other functions, which vary with the application and usually are interrelated.Friction control .The amount and character of the lubricant made available to sliding surfaces have a profound effect upon the friction that is encountered. For example, disregarding such related factors as heat and wear but considering friction alone between two oil-film lubricated surfaces, the friction can be 200 times less than that between the same surfaces with no lubricant. Under fluid-film conditions, friction is directly proportional to the viscosity of the fluid. Some lubricants, such as petroleum derivatives, are available in a great range of viscosities and thus can satisfy a broad spectrum of functional requirements. Under boundary lubrication conditions, the effect of viscosity on friction becomes less significant than the chemical nature of the lubricant.Wear control.Wear occurs on lubricated surfaces by abrasion, corrosion, and solid-to-solid contact. Proper lubricants will help combat each type. They reduce abrasive and solid-to-solid contact wear by providing a film that increases the distance between the sliding surfaces, thereby lessening the damage by abrasive contaminants and surface asperities.Temperature control. Lubricants assist in controlling temperature by reducing friction and carrying off the heat that is generated. Effectiveness depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the provision for external cooling. To a lesser extent, the type of lubricant also affects surface temperature.Corrosion control. The role of a lubricant in controlling corrosion of the surfaces themselves is twofold. When machinery is idle, the lubricant acts as a preservative. When machinery is in use, the lubricant controls corrosion by coating lubricated parts with a protective film that may contain additives to neutralize corrosive materials, The ability of a lubricant to control corrosion is directly related to the thickness of the lubricant film remaining on the metal surfaces and the chemical composition of the lubricant.Other functionsLubricants are frequently used for purposes other than the reduction of friction. Some of these applications are described below.Power transmission.Lubricants are widely employed as hydraulic fluids in fluid transmission devices.Insulation.In specialized applications such as transformers and switchgear, lubricants with high dielectric constants act as electrical insulators. For maximum insulating properties, a lubricant must be kept free of contaminants and water.Shock dampening. Lubricants act as shock-dampening fluids in energy transferring devices such as shock absorbers and around machine parts such as gears that are subjected to high intermittent loads.Sealing. Lubricating grease frequently performs the special function of forming a seal to retain lubricants or to exclude contaminants.Unit 5 From the History Ironmaking and Steelmaking Worldwide, the iron and steel industry is one of the most significant and, in terms of tradition, one of the oldest sectors of industry. As early as 3, 000 years ago, iron was serving as a basis of human culture and civilization.The beginning of the extraction of iron from its ores dates back to prehistoric times. In early times, iron ore was heated in a charcoal fire( doubtless by chance at first) . When the fire went out, a piece of solid iron like a sponge was left. The spongy iron could be hammered into shape to make tools and weapons. Our metallurgical forefathers found that when they blew or fanned the flames, the fire became hotter and the iron was produced more rapidly, so bellows were used to increase the supply of air.The development of modern ironmaking production benefits from the application of several important techniques:(1) In 1709, Abraham Darby, a young man succeeded in smelting iron with coke. This innovation resulted in a steep rise in pig iron production.(2) After the year 1755, steam engines and large electric motor were used as blast momentum to force more air into the hearth increasing blast volume greatly.(3)In 1828, Nilson adopted the regenerative hot blast stove to heat air for blast furnace, reducing the coke ratio of blast furnace greatly.Before the Industrial Revolution, steel was an expensive material, produced in only small quantities for such articles as swords and springs, while structural components were made of cast iron or wrought ironIn August 1856, an Englishman, Henry Bessemer, made public the description of a process which eventually reduced the price of steel to about a seventh of its former cost and more important still, made it possible to produce steel in large quantities. Henry Bessemer's process consisted in blowing air from the bottom through the hot metal so that it could bum away impurities. This process was a mainstay of the steel industry.The first Bessemer converter was lined with silica bricks. The 'acid' Bessemer process, as the Victorian ironmasters discovered could not eliminate phosphor, which is harmful to steel, solow phosphoric pig irons had to be used. In 1878, two Englishmen, Sidney Thomas and Percy Gilchrist, contributed the improvement whereby they lined the converter with 'basic' refractory bricks, containing magnesia or dolomite. Lime was added to the bath to combine with the phosphor and silicon, and thus remove them from the iron in the form of slag containing calcium phosphate and calcium silicate. The basic lining of the converter provided conditions under which the reactions with the lime could take place without destroying the furnace lining. If silica brick were used, as in the acid process, the lime would attack it chemically.In 1865, another efficient process for steelmaking was introduced, this transformed the pig iron and/or scrap into regeneratively heated hearth-type furnace. After its inventors, it was also known as the Siemens-Martin process( or open hearth process) . The Siemens-Martin 'open-hearth' furnace was so called because the molten metal lies in a comparatively shallow pool on the furnace bottom or hearth as Fig. 1-1 show. This rather inefficient performance of the open-hearth compared with the enormous output of the blast furnace, justified the emergence of the highly productive oxygen process for steel.The idea of using pure oxygen to convert molten iron into steel was suggested in some of the Bessemer patents over l00years ago, but its use for steelmaking was long delayed by the cost of separating oxygen from air. After 1948, oxygen was becoming available at prices sufficiently low to make it attractive for use in steelmaking. Once the oxygen was no longer bottom-blown-as in. the Thomas or Bessemer methods-but instead of top-blown, the oxygen blowing technique became widely popular after the Second World War. Oxygen top-blowing process is called the LD process. This process combines the low capital cost and speed of operation of the Bessemer process with high quality of the open-hearth.As soon as electric energy could be supplied in sufficient quantities, electric heat was used for steelmaking. The electric-arc furnace process was first used extensively for the production of alloy steels during the 1914 ~ 1918 war. The rapid increases in demand for alloy steels during and after the Second World War led to the construction of larger furnace with lower power consumption per ton of metal. Today, Electric are furnace has a firm footing in the industry.After 1970s, Bessemer process and open-hearth process are losing their significance. As the demand for high quality steels increased, post-treatment became a routine step in the production of steel.Exercise: Translate the following English into Chinese.In the 100 elements available to us, about three quarters can be classified as metals. And, about half of these are of at least some industrial or commercial importance. Metals, be they pure or alloy, can be further defined as being ferrous or nonferrous in make up. Ferrous alloys are those in which the base or primary metal is iron, manganese, chromium. All other metallic materials automatically fall into the non-ferrous category(范畴).Unit 6 Raw Materials for the Production of IronThe raw materials for the production of iron in the blast furnace can be grouped as follows: Iron-bearing materials, fuels and fluxes.1.Iron-bearing materialsThe major iron-bearing materials are iron ores, sinter and pellets in the blast furnace. Their function is to supply the element iron, which is 93 to 94 per cent of the pig iron produce.Iron ores are classed by their chemical compositions, such as oxides, sulfides, carbonates, etc, as shown in the table 2-1.Hematite is one of the most widely used ores. If pure, it would give 70 per cent iron. The typical reddish color is caused by the iron( III) .In the case of red iron ore, the compound of iron and oxygen is not so "tight" that the hematite is regarded as "easily reducible" . Magnetite, a magnetic iron ore, is increasing in use for two reasons. Firstly, it can be separated from the rock by magnetic means, secondly, it has high iron content. Iron and oxygen atoms are very closely combined with each other in magnetite, thus making magnetite "difficult to reduce". Limonite is a brown iron ore and contains water, which means that the iron oxides have formed a stable compound with water (water of crystallization). Containing 30 to 40 per cent Fe, siderites are relatively easy to reduce. Most ores contain only 50 to 60 per cent iron because they contain 10 to 20 per cent gangue (which consists mostly of alumina and silica) . If the gangue contains mainly lime, the ore is "basic"; if silicon acid ( SiO2) predominates, the ore is "acid".The portion of the ore that is too fine to be charged directly into blast furnace is usually agglomerated. The most important processes are: sintering and pelletizing.The sintering process is in five stages: (1) mixing of the raw materials and fine coal/or coke, (2) placing the mixture on a grate, (3)igniting and sintering. Air drawn through the mixture burns the fuel at a temperature high enough to frit the small particles together into a cake so that they can be charged into the blast furnace satisfactorily, (4) cooling, (5) crushing and screening before charging to the furnaces. For best results, pulverized flux is added to the sinter mix to combine with the gangue of the ore in the sintering process. Sinter usually contains 50 to 60 per cent iron.During pelletizing, the mixtures made from ultrafine( minus 0.074mm or minus 200mesh) iron-ore concentrates and binders of grain sizes far less than 1mm are balled to form "green" pellets slightly larger than 6mm but smaller than 15mm in diameter. The green pellets are then hardened by firing in a shaft-type furnace or rotary kiln or on a traveling grate. Pellets usually contain from 60 to 67 per cent of iron.Compared with lump ores and sinter, the advantages of pellets are: a narrow size range, constant quality and good permeability during reduction. Furthermore, pellets are well suited for transport and storage. But, any swelling and sticking of pellets during the reduction phase must be avoided.2. FuelsThe fuels enter the blast furnace as coke, coal, oil or gas. They are used for producing the heat required for smelting, and reducing the iron oxides into metallic iron and carburizing the iron( about 40 to 50 kilograms per ton of iron). In addition, because the coke retains its strength at high temperature, it provides the structural support that keeps the unmelted burden materials from falling into the hearth.At present, some of the coke in the blast furnace is usually replaced by coal. The blast furnace can inject hard coal, soft coal and mixed coal. BF pulverized coal injection can。
钢铁冶金专业英语 教学大纲
课程名称：钢铁冶金专业英语英文名称：Professional English on Ferrous Metallurgy学时与学分:32/2（其中实验学时：,课内上机学时：）先修课程要求：钢铁冶金原理、烧结球团学、炼铁学、炼钢学适应专业：矿物加工工程、冶金工程参考教材：冶金专业英语，侯向东，冶金工业出版社，2008.2冶金工程专业英语，金焱，化学工业出版社，2008团矿专业英语，范晓慧，中南工业大学教材科，1992课程简介：本课程是面向矿物加工工程专业（团矿方向）高年级本科生的专业选修课程，对学生进行与专业知识相关的英语词汇、术语、写作、翻译等方面的知识和能力进行教育和培养。
教学内容主要有烧结球团学、炼铁学、炼钢学等方面的内容。
通过本课程的学习，使学生能够掌握本专业的英语词汇及术语，熟悉科技英语的写作特点，能进行文献检索，能阅读英语文献及专业书籍，并初步具备一定的写作和翻译能力。
一、课程在培养方案中的地位、目的和任务本课程是面向矿物加工工程专业（团矿方向）高年级本科生开设的选修课程，其目的和任务是使学生能够掌握本专业的英语词汇及术语，能进行文献检索，能阅读英语文献及专业书籍，并初步具备一定的写作和翻译能力。
二、课程的基本要求1．掌握钢铁冶金方面的英语词汇及术语；2．熟悉科技英语的写作特点；3．能阅读钢铁冶金方面的英语文献及专业书籍；4．初步具备一定的写作和翻译能力。
三、课程的基本内容以及重点难点1．基本内容1）铁矿石造块学：烧结、球团理论、工艺及设备方面的专业英语；2）炼铁学：高炉冶炼和非高炉炼铁的理论、工艺及设备方面的专业英语；3）炼钢学：炼钢学基本原理、工艺及设备方面的专业英语；2．重点和难点本课程的重点是掌握钢铁冶金过程专业英语词汇及翻译技巧；难点是专业英语的翻译与写作技巧四、实验要求无五、课程学时分配1. Agglomeration of Iron1.1 Trends in Agglomeration （2学时）1.2 Agglomeration Practice （4学时）2. Iron Making2.1 Raw Materials for the Production of Iron （2学时）2.2 The Blast Furnace Plant（4学时）2.3 Hot Blast Stove （2学时）2.4 New Developments in Iron Making （2学时）3. Steel Making3.1 Raw Materials of Steelmaking （2学时）3.2 Principles of Modern Steelmaking （2学时）3.3 The LD、Basic Oxygen Furnace、Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Processes （6学时）3.4 Secondary Refining （2学时）3.5 Continuous Casting of Steel （2学时）六、考核方式开卷考试。
冶金专业词汇翻译对照
iron and steel industry 钢铁工业ironworks 铁厂foundry 铸造车间steelworks, steel mill 钢厂coking plant 炼焦厂electrometallurgy 电冶金学powder metallurgy 粉末冶金学blast furnace 鼓风炉mouth, throat 炉口hopper, chute 料斗stack 炉身belly 炉腰bosh 炉腹crucible 炉缸slag tap 放渣口taphole 出铁口，出渣口pig bed 铸床mould 铸模（美作：mold）tuyere, nozzle 风口ingot mould 锭模（美作：ingot mold）floor 平台hearth 炉底charger 装料机ladle 铁水包，钢水包dust catcher 除尘器washer 洗涤塔converter 转炉hoist 卷扬机compressor 压缩机tilting mixer 可倾式混铁炉regenerator 蓄热室heat exchanger 热交换器gas purifier 煤气净化器turbocompressor 涡轮压缩机burner 烧嘴cupola 化铁炉，冲天炉emptier 排空装置trough 铁水沟，排渣沟skip 料车rolling mill 轧机，轧钢机blooming mill 初轧机roller 辊bed 底座rolling-mill housing 轧机机架drawbench 拔管机，拉丝机drawplate 拉模板shaft furnace 竖炉refining furnace 精炼炉reverberatory furnace 反射炉hearth furnace 床式反射炉firebrick lining 耐火砖衬retort 反应罐muffle 马弗炉roof, arch 炉顶forge 锻造press 压锻pile hammer 打桩锤drop hammer 落锤die 拉模blowlamp 吹炬（美作：blowtorch）crusher 破碎机iron ore 铁矿石coke 焦炭bauxite 铁钒土alumina 铝cryolite 冰晶石flux 熔剂limestone flux 石灰石溶剂haematite 赤铁矿（美作：hematite）gangue 脉石cast iron 铸铁cast iron ingot 铸铁锭slag 炉渣soft iron 软铁pig iron 生铁wrought iron 熟铁iron ingot 铁锭puddled iron 搅炼熟铁round iron 圆铁scrap iron 废铁steel 钢crude steel 粗钢mild steel, soft steel 软钢，低碳钢hard steel 硬钢cast steel 坩埚钢，铸钢stainless steel 不锈钢electric steel 电工钢，电炉钢high-speed steel 高速钢moulded steel 铸钢refractory steel 热强钢，耐热钢alloy steel 合金钢plate, sheet 薄板corrugated iron 瓦垅薄钢板tinplate, tin 马口铁finished product 成品，产品semifinished product 半成品，中间产品ferrous products 铁制品coiled sheet 带状薄板bloom 初轧方坯metal strip, metal band 铁带，钢带billet 坯锭，钢坯shavings 剃边profiled bar 异型钢材shape, section 型钢angle iron 角钢frit 烧结wire 线材ferronickel 镍铁elinvar 镍铬恒弹性钢ferrite 铁氧体，铁醇盐cementite 渗碳体，碳化铁pearlite 珠光体charging, loading 装料，炉料fusion, melting, smelting 熔炼remelting 再熔化，重熔refining 精炼casting 出铁to cast 出铁tapping 出渣，出钢，出铁to insufflate, to inject 注入heating 加热preheating 预热tempering 回火temper 回火hardening 淬水annealing 退火reduction 还原cooling 冷却decarbonization, decarburization 脱碳coking 炼焦slagging, scorification 造渣carburization 渗碳case hardening 表面硬化cementation 渗碳fritting, sintering 烧结puddling 搅炼pulverization 粉化，雾化nitriding 渗氮alloy 合金floatation, flotation 浮选patternmaking 制模moulding 成型（美作：molding）calcination 煅烧amalgamation 汞齐化rolling 轧制drawing 拉拔extrusion 挤压wiredrawing 拉丝stamping, pressing 冲压die casting 拉模铸造forging 锻造turning 车削milling 铣削machining, tooling 加工autogenous welding, fusion welding 氧炔焊arc welding 电弧焊electrolysis 电解trimming 清理焊缝blowhole 气孔weld 焊接采矿mining地下采矿underground mining露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 采矿工程mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing矿物工程mineral engineering冶金（学）metallurgy过程冶金（学）process metallurgy提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy金属学Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy 冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel 有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy铸造学foundry火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学)electrometallurgy氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineralresources中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China2 采矿采矿工艺mining technology有用矿物valuable mineral冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床mineral deposit特殊采矿specialized mining海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining矿田mine field矿山mine露天矿山surface mine地下矿山underground mine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study矿山规模mine capacity矿山生产能力mine production capacity矿山年产量annual mine output矿山服务年限mine life矿山基本建设mine construction矿山建设期限mine construction period矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity开采强度mining intensity矿石回收率ore recovery ratio矿石损失率ore loss ratio工业矿石industrial ore采出矿石extracted ore矿体orebody矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources矿石ore矿石品位ore grade岩石力学rock mechanics岩体力学rock mass mechanics3 选矿选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant 工艺矿物学process mineralogy开路open circuit闭路closed circuit流程flowsheet方框流程block flowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particle size粗颗粒coarse particle细颗粒fine particle超微颗粒ultrafine particle粗粒级coarse fraction细粒级fine fraction网目mesh原矿run of mine, crude精矿concentrate粗精矿rough concentrate混合精矿bulk concentrate最终精矿final concentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening, sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选hand sorting重选gravity separation, gravity concentration 磁选magnetic separation电选electrostatic separation浮选flotation化学选矿chemical mineral processing 自然铜native copper铝土矿bauxite冰晶石cryolite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite假象赤铁矿martite钒钛磁铁矿vanadium titano-magnetite 铁燧石taconite褐铁矿limonite菱铁矿siderite镜铁矿specularite硬锰矿psilomelane软锰矿pyrolusite铬铁矿chromite黄铁矿pyrite钛铁矿ilmennite金红石rutile萤石fluorite高岭石kaolinite菱镁矿magnesite重晶石barite石墨graphite石英quartz方解石calcite石灰石limestone白云石dolomite云母mica石膏gypsum硼砂borax石棉asbestos蛇纹石serpentine阶段破碎stage crushing粗碎primary crushing中碎secondary crushing细碎fine crushing对辊破碎机roll crusher粉磨机pulverizer震动筛vibrating screen筛网screen cloth筛孔screen opening筛上料oversize筛下料undersize粗磨coarse grinding细磨fine grinding球磨机ball mill衬板liner分级机classifier自由沉降free setting沉积sedimentation石灰lime松油pine oil硫化钠sodium sulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass过滤filtration过滤机filter给矿，给料feeding给矿机feeder在线分析仪on line analyzer在线粒度分析仪on line size analyzer超声粒度计ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizeroscillation摆动, 振动outlet 输出；出口；引出线，电源插座output 产量, 输出, 输出量out yawing外偏航oval nail椭圆钉over speed过速overaging超龄的；老朽的；旧式的over current protection过电流保护overhead-valve engine 顶阀发动机,预置气门发动机overheat加热过度使发展过快，使过热overlap重叠，覆盖overload 超载，过载，过负荷overpressure过压overproduction生产过剩overspeed 超速over voltage过电压oxidation氧化[作用]；氧化层oxyacetylene welding氧乙炔焊风电词汇中英文对照表-IIsaddle. 鞍, 鞍状物safety 安全, 保险, 安全设备, 保险装置sample. 标本, 样品, 例子sand blasting沙暴sander 沙, 沙子, [pl. ] 沙滩, 沙地sandingsandpaper砂纸sandwich夹层，层状[夹心]结构satisfactory符合要求的；合适的saturate. 使饱和, 浸透, 使充满saw 锯sawing machinescaffolding 脚手架scale 刻度，标度；比例尺，标尺；尺度，规模；【动】定标；换算；【WIN,NT】数值，缩放(比例scalene trangle不等边的（三角形）scarringscraper刮器，擦具；鞋刮子；刮刀，刮漆刀scratch 划痕，刻痕；【动】擦除；【修】临时screen 屏(幕,面),荧光屏；筛选；屏蔽；网screw螺丝钉, 螺旋, 螺杆, 螺孔, 螺旋桨, screw callipersscrew clampscrew driverscrew extractor拉马screw jack 螺旋千斤顶screw pitch gaugescrew tap 螺丝攻screw thread. 螺纹screwdriver 螺丝刀,起子scriber划线器, 描绘标记的用具scribing block划线笔sealing密封seam welding接合焊seat座, 座位, 所在地, 场所, 席位secger plierrsecure安全，可靠，保密securedsecurity 安全(性)，保密(性)，安全措施segregation分离，分凝法self-starter自动点火装置；自动启动器self-tapping screw自攻螺丝sensitivity 敏感, 灵敏(度), 灵敏性sensor 传感器，检测器；读出器，感测器；敏感元件sentsequence 顺序，时序；数列；定序，排序，序列series connectionservice 服务，服务程序；业务；维修，维护set screwset squaresetting设置[定]值；设置settle稳定，固定；调整，调度shackle 手铐, 脚镣, 桎梏, 束缚物shaft 轴, 杆状物shank 胫, 腿骨shaping machineshaping toolsharpness锐利shears 剪, 修剪, 剪切sheartubeshicknessshield屏蔽，罩；防护，庇护shim 垫片；填隙片shimming 摇动,震颤,晃动shock 冲击；震动shock absorber 减震器，震动吸收器short circuit. 短路shovel 铲, 铁铲shrink缩小，收缩shutdown 停止系统运行，停工[机]，关机shutter 遮挡板，光闸，光阀；快门shuttle 梭；航天飞机，宇宙飞船，空间渡船；往返空间sidelight侧面射进来的光线, 侧灯,舷灯, 拾零, 杂闻, 间接说明side-valve enginesight glasssimultaneous同时的, 同时发生的sine wave正弦波single phase单相singnalsink 散热器，接收器，转接器；吸收(电流等)；沟(半导体耗尽层的)；汇点，收点；宿，汇集sintering烧结siphon 虹吸管site-mixedskew wind 歪斜，偏斜，扭斜[曲，动]；相位偏移；变形，时滞(同一脉冲通过不同电路的时差)；不齐，不齐量，偏离；【修】歪，斜，扭skin-halveskip 跳跃(进位)；跳行[越，过]；空指令slag. 矿渣, 炉渣, 火山岩渣sledge hammer大锤, 有压服力的东西sleeve 套筒，套管slide 滑动触头；【动】使滑动slide caliperrslide rule计算尺slide valve滑阀sliding滑动，活动；可调整slight 轻微的, 微小的slipping clutchslope 斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜slot 插槽，存储槽，(页)槽；槽口；开缝，存取窗口；裂缝[口]，切口，沟；时间段，时间片slow-running screwsmelting熔炼smooth平稳，平滑snips 剪断socket 插座[槽，孔，口]；管座；套接字(报文包的)；【SunOS】网络界面[接口]；【网】报路[SK]socket spanner套筒扳手soft cut in软切入software软件，软设备soldering 焊料，焊锡；焊接，结合soldering iron 烙铁solenoid螺线管solenoid valve电磁阀solitary单独，唯一solvent溶媒, 溶剂, 解决方法spacer. 取间隔的装置, 逆电流器，衬垫，衬套，衬片spade 铲, 铁锹spanner扳手；活络扳手；扳子sparking plug 火花塞spigot 插口；插头，塞子；(水)龙头spindle 主轴，心轴spinner 微调控制项spiral gear螺旋齿spirit level 水平仪spirit varnishsplash. 溅, 飞溅, 斑点spline方栓, 齿条, 止转楔, 花键splined shaftsplint夹板，托板split bearing分离轴承split pinspokeshave辐刀spot 斑点，点；地点；点焊spot welding点焊sprayer 喷出水沫者, 喷雾, 喷雾器sprig图钉spring 弹簧；【动】弹出spring balance弹簧秤spring washer弹垫spring-bow compasssprocket 链轮齿spur gear正齿轮spur wheel gear正齿轮square 平方；方块；【修】矩形[SQ]，正方形的, 四方的,直角的, 正直的, 公平的, 结清的, 平方的, 彻底的square nut 四方螺母, 螺帽square thread矩形螺纹square-head bolt方头螺栓stabilizer稳定器；平衡器；安定剂stable稳定，稳态stage 级；阶段，程度；【动】登台，升级stain 着色，染色；着色剂；污点stainless 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的stall失速，使失速standard标准(型)，规范，准则；【印】常身；正常体standing 直立的, 停滞的, 固定的, 常备的, 标准的, 常设的standstill静止状态；停顿star drillstart up 发动, 开动starter motor马达启动startup 启动steam engine 蒸汽机steam roller蒸汽压路机, 高压手段steam turbine 蒸汽轮机steel sheet scissorsteel wool钢丝线steering box舵盘steering gear方向齿steering wheel舵轮，方向盘step-down(up) transformer降压器stiffen 变粘, 变硬, 变猛烈stillson wrenchstipulate 规定, 保证stock 库存, 股票, 股份, 托盘, 祖先, 血统, 原料stoker 司炉, 烧炉工人, 加煤机stopcock管闩, 活塞, 活栓, 旋塞阀stoppage 中断, 填塞store 存储，存储器straight edge直刃strange陌生的, 生疏的, 前所未知的, 奇怪的, 奇异的, 不惯的strap 短接，跨接strap wrench绑扎带streak 条纹，拖尾strike 打, 打击, 罢工, 抓, 敲, 搏动, 打动, 穿透strip 条，带，(跨接)片；剥离，脱去，去除striplightstructure结构，构造，构件；structure结构，构造，构件；【C】(数据类型)结构，结构体[STRUC]stub axlestudstuffing box填充体sturdy 强健的, 坚定的, 毫不含糊的substantial 坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的substation变电所，分站，支局subsynchronous 次[再]同步suck 吸, 吮, 吸取suction. 吸入, 吸力, 抽气, 抽气机, 抽水泵, 吸引summation 求和，总和，加法sump润滑油槽；油盘；机油箱superheated 过热supervise监控，监督support 支援，支持(程序，软件)；配套[SU] surface 表面，曲面；【修】表面，外部surplus 过剩，余量surrounding 围绕物, 环境suspension 吊, 悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中止, 悬而未决, 延迟，挂起；暂停，中止suspension systemsweating. 出汗的, 吃力的swept planeswitch 开关，转[交，切]换，翻转；接线器switch box开关柜switch off 切断switch over 转变symmetry对称，对称性synchronous同时的, [物]同步的synthetic合成的, 人造的, 综合的Ttachometer转速计，转速器tacktailstocktamperproof 防止窜改，可防止乱摆弄tangent 正切；切线，接触的, 切线的, 相切的, 离题的tank 储能电路；槽，箱，容器；油箱tap 分接头，抽头，三通头,, 活栓, 水龙头tap extractortap wrenchtap-drilltapdrill extensiontape 磁带，纸带；【修】带状tape decktape recordertaper 圆锥；递减；【修】分等级tappet 梃杆, 凸子tarmac 停机坪telephoto lens 远摄镜头,长焦镜头telescopic shaft伸缩轴television 电视, 电视机temperature 温度tempering 回火template样板，金属模片temporary暂时的, 临时的, 临时性tenon凸榫，雄榫，榫舌tenon sawtensile可拉长的, 可伸长的, [物]张力的, 拉力的tension压力, 张力, 牵力, 电压terminal point端子terminate 端接；终止test nipple测试嘴test piecetesthose for manomentert-head bolt T形头螺栓T-head bolt T型螺栓theodolite经纬仪thermal热的；热量的；热力的thermistor热敏电阻，热控管thermocouple温差电偶，热电偶thermograph温度记录器, 热录像仪thermometer . 温度计, 体温计thermostat自动调温器，恒温器thinner稀释剂，冲淡剂thread线, 细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹，线索；线程three way switch三路开关three-jaw chuckthrottle valve节流阀throttles节流阀；节流圈；风门thrust bearing推力轴承thyristor硅控整流器，半导体闸流管tie beamtime switch定时开关timing chain调速链timing gear调速齿tip尖头，技巧，端头，触点；忠告，提示toggle joint双态元件，触发器；(乒乓)开关；轮转，(来回)切换tolerance公差，容差[限，许]，允许误差；容错度tolerate忍受, 容忍tommy bar撬棒,螺丝钻tongs钳子, 夹具tongue and groovetooqh强硬的tool box工具箱tool post工具站toolbox工具箱top dead-centretopmost最顶层，最高，最上面torch手电筒，火把；火炬torque arm力臂torque spanner力矩扳手torque wrench力矩扳手torsion扭(转)；扭力；挠率；转矩torsion bar力矩杆torus 环形圆纹曲面，(圆)环面touch 触力；【动】按，揿，触toward. 向, 对于, 为了Towertower crane塔式吊车track rod磁棒tractor. 拖拉机， (履带式)输[进]纸器trailing (轨)迹；跟踪；【WIN】指针train 串，列，系列；链；列车trammel 拘束, 阻碍物, 束缚物transformer变压器transistor 晶体管transmission 传输，发送，传送TransmissionTransmitter发射器，变送器transport 运输；运输工具transverse横切的，横轴transverse engine水平机trapezium梯形travelling crane移动式吊车tread踩，踏treadle踏板trestle架，架柱triac 三端双向可控硅开关元件triangle三角(形)trigger触发trimming清理焊缝triple三层的，三倍的triple phase三相tripod三角架trowel泥刀, 小铲子try square曲尺, 检验角尺t-square丁字尺tubular管状的，管形的turbojet涡轮喷气飞机turbongeneratorturning 旋转, 转向, 转弯处turnstile 十字转门turntable转车, 转盘turret lathe 六角车床twist . 盘旋；缠绕twisting缠绕two-handed sawtwo-stroke engine二冲程发动机Uu-bolt U形螺栓ultrasonic超声波unbalance不平衡unconditional. 无条件地uncritical不加批判的, 无批判力的, 不严厉的under load switch底载荷开关under voltage低电压underfeed stokerundershot wheelundulate起伏uniform一样的union联合；联合会，团结unit单元，部件，单位(符号)；装置，设备，器件universal coupling万向联轴节,万向连接器universal joint万向接头,万向节universal pliers万能手钳unloading卸,去载unscrew从...旋出螺丝, 旋开, 旋松unsymmetry不匀称untwisting拆开(搓合的绳,线等), 解开update更新；修改；校正；重新编辑upstairs楼上的upward向上的upwind迎风,顶风,上升气流Vvacuum真空, 空间vacuum brake真空制动闸vacuum gauge真空计vacuum pump真空泵，真空抽气机vacuum tube真空管，电子管value价值,值valve . 阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管vapour蒸汽, 水蒸气variable resistor可变电阻varistor可变电阻varnish清漆,上漆vat大桶,大槽veebelt V形皮带vehicle交通(运输)工具，飞船，车辆，机动车；步行机器人vencervenn diagram维恩图ventilation通风装置,通风venturi tube文氏管,文丘里管vernier calliper gauge游标尺vernier scale游标尺vertex顶点,角顶,台风转向点via . 道,通路，经过,经由viaduct高架桥vibration颤动，振动；摆动vibration switch0振动开关vice老虎钳,台钳vicinity附近,邻近viewfinder寻像器,取景器viscosity粘度, 粘性visible 可见的,显著的visual可视的，直观，图象，可见[视]，视觉[象]，形象化voltage电压，电位差voltmeter电压表，伏特计volume卷，册，体积，容量；音量v-thread V形螺纹Wwall-shuttering百叶窗wankel engine凡克尔发动机warp弯曲，翘曲，扭曲wash洗涤,冲刷,冲冼washer垫片，垫圈waspalloy瓦斯帕洛伊变形镍基耐热合金waste oil container废油容器watch表,值班water wheel水轮water-antioxidant抗氧化剂water-cooled engine水冷内燃机water-resistant水电阻wave band switch波段开关waveguide波导；波导管wavelength波长wax蜡；蜡状物weaving织；编，编法,摆动weft纬线weighbridge称量台,台秤,桥秤weighing machine称量器weights重量,砝码welding焊接,焊缝wet湿的,湿气,水分whctstonewheel湿的,湿气,水分wheel brace齿轮架wheelbarrow手推车wheelbase轴距whistling号笛,鸣笛，汽笛winch绞车,绞盘wind nut风机用螺母wind vane风向标winding线圈,绕组windscreen挡风玻璃,风挡windscreen wiper风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷windward风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷wing nut蝶型螺母wipe擦，消除wipe off擦掉,抹掉wire导线,电线,金属线wire brush电刷wire dowelwire gaugewire nail线卡wire wool线圈wiredrawing拉丝,拨丝,使延长wire-stripping pliers剥线钳wiring布线,接线wood screw木螺丝wooden block木块wording用语work scissor工作剪workbench工作台workshop车间,工厂worm gear蜗杆螺杆,蜗杆齿wrench扳手,扳子wristwatch手表Xx-axis X轴,横坐标轴xerox静电复印机Yyaw偏航,航偏角Yawy-axis纵坐标，Ｙ轴yield成品；成品率，合格率；输出，产生，得到；屈服Zzink spray镀锌zoom lens 变焦镜头电力系统 power system发电机 generator 励磁 excitation励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current升压变压器 step-up transformer 母线 bus 变压器 transformer 空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current 有功损耗：reactive loss 无功损耗：active loss输电系统 power transmission system高压侧 high side 输电线 transmission line高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage 功角稳定 angle stability 稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability暂态稳定 transient stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送power transfer交流 AC 直流 DC 电网 power system落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度margin故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接头：tap切机generator triping 高顶值high limited value 静态static (state)动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power 电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator阻抗电压：阻抗：impedance 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载：reactive load 档位：tap position电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance电纳：susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance无功（功率） reactive power 功率因数 power factor 无功电流reactive current斜率 slope 额定 rating 变比 ratio参考值 reference value 电压互感器 PT 分接头 tap仿真分析 simulation analysis 下降率 droop rate 传递函数transfer function框图 block diagram 受端 receive-side 同步 synchronization 保护断路器 circuit breaker 摇摆 swing 阻尼 damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 机端 generator terminal变电站 transformer substation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机：Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：douBLE-COLUMN TRANSFORMER DBLCLMNTRANS固定串联电容补偿FIXED SERIES CAPACITOR COMPENSATION双回同杆并架 DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES ON THE SAME TOWER单机无穷大系统 ONE MACHINE - INFINITY BUS SYSTEM励磁电流：MAGNETIZING CURRENT 补偿度 DEGREE OF COMPENSATION ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 电磁场失去同步LOSS OF SYNCHRONIZATION装机容量INSTALLED CAPACITY 无功补偿REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION故障切除时间 FAULT CLEARING TIME 极限切除时间 CRITICAL CLEARING TIME强行励磁 REINFORCED EXCITATION 并联电容器：SHUNT CAPACITOR < 下降特性 DROOP CHARACTERISTICS 线路补偿器 LDC(LINE DROP COMPENSATION)电机学 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 自动控制理论 AUTOMATIC CONTROL THEORY电磁场 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD微机原理 PRINCIPLE OF MICROCOMPUTER电工学 ELECTROTECHNICS PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUITS 电路原理ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 电机学电力系统稳态分析 STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM电力系统暂态分析 TRANSIENT-STATE ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM 电力系统继电保护原理 PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM'S RELAY PROTECTION电力系统元件保护原理 PROTECTION PRINCIPLE OF POWER SYSTEM 'S ELEMENT电力系统内部过电压 PAST VOLTAGE WITHIN POWER SYSTEM模拟电子技术基础 BASIS OF ANALOGUE ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUE数字电子技术 DIGITAL ELECTRICAL TECHNIQUE电路原理实验LAB. OF PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUITS电气工程讲座 LECTURES ON ELECTRICAL POWER PRODUCTION电力电子基础BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER ELECTRONICS高电压工程HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING电子专题实践TOPICS ON EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT OF ELECTRONICS 电气工程概论INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING电子电机集成系统ELECTRONIC MACHINE SYSTEM电力传动与控制ELECTRICAL DRIVE AND CONTROL电力系统继电保护 POWER SYSTEM RELAYING PROTECTION NEUTRAL POINT EARTHING 中性点接地RESISTANCE EARTHING 电阻接地ARC EXTINCTION COILS 消弧线圈ELECTRIC NETWORK 电网REACTIVE COMPENSATION 无功补偿QUALITY OF POWER 电能质量WUHAN IRON & STEEL CROUP CO. 武汉钢铁集团POWER SUPPLY PLANT 供电厂POWER DIVISION 能源动力公司SUBSTATION 变电站EARTHING NETWORK 地网AIR COMPRESSOR 空压机MAIN DRIVING SYSTEM 主传动CONVERTER 转炉制氧 OXYGEN MAKING轧钢 STEEL ROLLING生产线 PRODUCTION LINE冷轧厂 COLD ROLLING PLANT上海冶金设计研究院SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF METALLURGY DESIGNING RESEARCH高效节能 ENERGY SAVING OF HIGH EFFICIENCY循环冷却 CIRCULATION COOLING高炉鼓风机 BLAST FURNACE BLOWER汽轮机 TURBINE风机 BLOWER检修 MAINTENANCE基柱 FOUNDATION PILLAR立柱 VERTICAL POST煤气混合加压站 GAS MIXING AND PRESSURING STATION文档简写说明:DFT: DRY FILM THICKNESS干薄片厚度TOWDOC: TOWERDOC.VESTAS.CM网站名称NDT: NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST非破坏性测试UT : ULTRASONIC INSPECTION超声波测试MT: MAGNETIC PARTICAL EXAMATION磁场微粒测试VMP: VESTAS MULTI-PROCESSOR CONTROLLER VESTAS多功能处理控制系统.VCS： VESTAS CONVERTER SYSTEM VESTAS变频系统F.S.造模法;流砂造模法 F.S. process(fluid sand mixture molding process)面板 face plate护面罩 face shield面心立方格子 face-centered cubic lattice粗晶面(铸疵) facet fracture上涂料 facing涂料 facing materials面砂 facing sand消退 fading消退时限 fading time华氏标度 Fahrenheit scale落砂(铸疵) fall1.合模记号2.假中间模箱 false cheek假上模箱 false cope假模箱 false part风扇 fan高黏土砂 fat sand疲劳 fatigue疲劳裂痕 fatigue crack疲劳破损 fatigue failure疲劳限界 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳试验 fatigue test不良铸造 faulty casting飞边(铸件) feather1.补给2.进料3.补浇 feed冒口,补给头 feed head补给环 feed ring补给用冒口 feed riser补给口(冒口) feeder补给口套 feeder bush补给口效果 feeder effect冒口;补给头 feeder head缩颈冒口 feeder head with Washburn core 冒口捣棒;补给口捣棒 feeder rod补浇(冒口) feeding补给口发热剂(冒口) feeding compound补给距离 feeding distance冒口颈;补给颈 feeding neck冒口捣棒;补给口捣棒 feeding ro补给口带 feeding zone长石 feldspar1.肥粒铁2.肥粒体 ferrite肥粒铸铁 ferritic cast iron铸合金 ferro-alloy硼铁 ferro-boron铬铁 ferro-chromium锰铁 ferro-manganese钼铁 ferro-molybdenum磷铁 ferro-phosphorus矽铁 ferro-silicon铁水静压力 ferro-static pressure钛铁 ferro-titanium钨铁 ferro-tungsten二氧化铁(FeO2) ferrous oxide钒铁 ferro-vanadium清理(清砂,去毛边等) fettle打磨(磨毛边,打浇冒口等) fettle shagging 清理工 fettler清理 fettling清理门 fettling door清理场 fettling shop清理工具 fettling tool纤维状滑石 fibrous talc自然腐蚀试验 field test液面花纹 figure1.填隙料2.埋筋 filler1.填砂2.背砂 filler sand内圆角 fillet带铁 fillet iron灌模能力(浇铸) filling capacity埋入砂心 filling core填砂框 filling frame填砂 filling in填入口;浇口 filling port埋入法(砂心) filling up埋入砂心 filling up core过滤器 filter滤袋 filter bag滤层 filter bed滤布 filter cloth带色防护镜 filter glass滤纸 filter paper滤液 filtrate过滤 filtration过滤式集尘器 filtration dust collector 1.凸片 2.飞边 fin精密研光 fine lapping细密波来铁 fine pearlite细土粉;细泥 fine silt粒度 fineness粒度指数 fineness number砂粒度 fineness of sand指形进模口 finger gate最后加工 finish加工裕度 finish allowance成品铸件区 finished castings department 完工面 finished surface1.铸件清理2.最后加工 finishing加工裕度 finishing allowance细锉刀 finishing file细泥砂浆 finishing loam铸件修整 finishing of castings精轧辊 finishing of roll凸片气缸 finned cylinder凸片管 finned tube飞边现象(合模或模裂形成) finning固定磨轮机(法飞边) fioor grinder枞木 fir火箱 fire box耐火砖 fire brick耐火泥 fire clay粘土质耐火砖 fire clay brick炉栅;炉篦 fire grate炉条 fire grate bar燃点 fire point耐火砂 fire sand火铲 fire shovel耐火石 fire stone炉板(铸件) fireback炉板(铸件) fireback烧裂 fire-crack乾模 fired mold乾模砂 fired mold sand火星罩 fire-spark arrester点火 firing鱼油 fish oil鱼嘴栅 fishmouth gate固定碳 fixed carbon固定环 fixed collar固定模;固定压铸模 fixed die固定模板;固定压铸模板 fixed die plate 定盘式混砂机 fixed pan mill固定板 fixed plate片 flake片状石墨 flake graphite片状石墨铸铁 flake graphite cast iron 火焰退火 flame annealing火焰熔刮 flame gouging火焰硬化 flame hardening凸缘 flange凸缘抹片 flange sleeker表面烘乾砂模 flared mold1.飞边2.闪光 flash手电筒 flash light飞边清除 flash removal砂箱;模箱 flask砂箱隔条 flask bar砂箱夹 flask clamp砂箱手柄 flask handle有箱造模法 flask molding合箱销子 flask pins震箱清砂机 flask shanker无箱造模法 flaskless molding扁刷 flat brush扁凿 flat chisel扁形进模口 flat gate平木纹 flat grain平底舂;平底捣杆 flat rammer平头镘刀 flat trowel瑕疵 flaw瑕疵位置 flaw location瑕疵大小 flaw size击落浇冒口 flogging固定磨轮机(去飞边) floor grinder地模 floor mold地模法;地面造模法 floor molding1.地面砂2.背砂 floor sand1.上浮(石墨)2.浮悬法 flotation流程图 flow chart流通式冷却器 flow cooler溢放口 flow off溢流道 flow through铸砂流动性 flowability of sand流量计 flowmeter烟道气 flue gas流砂(造模用) fluid sand流砂造模法;F.S.造模法fluid sand mixture molding process(F.S. process)流动型自硬性砂模 fluid self-hardening mold sand流动性 fluidity流动性旋涡形试片 fluidity spiral流动性试验 fluidity test流动性直棒形试片 fluidity test bar piece流动性试模 fluidity test mold流体化床 fluidized bed流体化床上涂料 fluidized bed coating流体化床冷却器 fluidized bed cooler流砂(造模用) fluidized sand流砂造模法 fluidized sand molding助流剂 fluidizer萤光 fluorescence萤光探伤法 fluorescent crack detection氟(F) fluorine萤石(CaF2) fluorite萤光镜 fluoroscope萤光透视法(检查);萤光镜试) fluoroscopy萤石(CaF2) fluorspar出铁口熔渣 flush slag1.吹气2.通气处理(金属液)3.冲洗 flushing熔剂;助熔剂 flux熔剂覆盖法 flux-covering1.熔剂处理2.助熔 fluxing飞灰 fly ashF-M造模法;全模法 F-M process(full-mold process) 泡沫洗净器 foam scrubber泡沫塑胶模型 foamed plastic pattern喷雾淬火 fog quenching嵌合模型 follow board〔pattern〕压力通风 forced draft空吹(熔铁炉) fore blow(cupola)前炉 fore-hearth forge(receiver)1.鍜工场2.鍜造炉 forge鍜铁锈皮 forge scale1.鍜造2.鍜件 forging抬动浇桶 fork ladle堆高机 fork lift truck粒形 form of grain模样(砌炉衬用) former成形 forming成形性 forming property铸工 founder铸造 founding铸造方案 founding method1.铸造厂2.铸造 foundry黑色涂料 foundry blacking铸焦 foundry coke铸疵;铸造缺陷 foundry defects浇桶 foundry ladle铸损 foundry losses铸造从业员 foundry man铸造用钉 foundry nails铸造用生铁 foundry pig iron铸坑 foundry pit回炉料 foundry returns铸砂 foundry sand铸砂处理 foundry sand preparation铸砂处理工场 foundry sand preparation plant 铸造废料 foundry scrap断口金相检验 fractography1.破裂2.断口 fracture断口检验 fracture test1.框2.架 frame框架隔条 frame cross piece框架吊柄 frame lift框形砂心盒 framed core box翻转脱模式造模机 frame-rollover machine松扣 free单体碳 free carbon单体雪明碳铁 free cementite单体肥粒铁 free ferrite清水砂 free sand自由水 free water凝固 freezing1.凝固点2.冰点 freezing point凝固范围 freezing range频率变换器;周波变换器 frequency converter磨损;侵蚀 fretting熔砂;烧毁铸砂 fritted sand前端出渣 front slagging燃料 fuel燃料气 fuel gas燃料油 fuel oil燃料比 fuel ratio完全退火 full annealing足尺 full size全模法;F-M造模法 full-mold process(F-M process) 烟气(有害的) fume抽烟气设备 fume extraction equipment*喃系 furan*喃树脂 furan resin*喃树脂黏结剂 furan resin binder*喃(甲)糠醛 furfural糠醛酒精 furfuryl alcohol炉 furnace炉内蒙气 furnace atmosphere炉体 furnace body炉用铸件 furnace castings高炉焦 furnace coke炉内冷却 furnace cooling炉支架 furnace cradle炉气 furnace gas炉衬 furnace lining炉工(美语) furnace tender炉工 furnace-man熔成菱镁石 fused magnesite融砂;熔砂 fused sand1.可熔性2.熔度 fusibility易熔合金 fusible alloy熔锥 fusible cone填料熔接 fusion of packing materials融砂;熔砂 fusion of sand渗透融结(铸疵);渗透熔接 fusion penetration1.熔点2.软化点 fusion point。
冶金专业英语词汇(A)
冶金专业英语词汇(A)冶金专业英语词汇(A)冶金专业英语词汇(A)1 2 3 4 mill 二十辊轧机1 2 3 mill 十二辊轧机1 2 mill 六辊式轧机abichite 砷铜矿abnormal steel 反常钢abnormal structure 反常结构abnormality of steel 钢的反常性abradability 磨损性abradant 研磨剂abrading 研磨修整abraser 研磨剂abrasion 磨耗abrasion marks 研磨斑痕abrasion test 磨耗试验abrasion tester 磨耗试验机abrasion testing machine 磨耗试验机abrasive 研磨剂abrasive belt 磨光砂带abrasive cloth 砂布abrasive cutting off machine 砂轮切断机abrasive dust 磨屑abrasive grain 磨粒abrasive hardness 耐磨硬度abrasive paste 研磨膏abrasive powder 研磨粉abrasive wear 磨蚀abscess 气孔absolute error 绝对误差absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute zero 绝对零度absorbability 吸收性absorbed energy 吸收能量absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收体absorbing column 吸收塔absorbing medium 吸收介质absorbite 活性碳absorption 吸收absorption capacity 吸收能力absorption chromatography 吸收色谱法absorption edge 吸收端absorption extraction 吸收萃取absorption limit 吸收端absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption tower 吸收塔absorptive power 吸收能力absorptivity 吸收性ac arc welder 交羚弧焊机ac arc welding 交羚弧焊ac electrode 交粮条acanthite 硫银矿accelerated cooling 加速冷却accelerated creep 加速蠕变accelerated diffusion 加速扩散accelerated leaching 加速浸出accelerated rolling 加速轧制acceptance inspection 接收检查acceptance test 验收试验accidental error 偶然误差accompanying element 伴生元素accretion 炉结accumulator 蓄电池;贮料塔accumulator metal 极板用合金accuracy 准确度accuracy of reproduction 再现精度acetate 醋酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acetylene 乙炔acetylene burner 乙炔燃烧器acetylene cutting 氧乙炔焰切割acetylene cutting torch 乙炔截割吹管acetylene cylinder 乙炔瓶acetylene generator 乙炔发生器acetylene welding 氧乙炔焊acheson furnace 艾奇逊电炉acicular cast iron 针状结构铸铁acicular crystal 针状结晶acicular ferrite 针状铁素体acicular iron ore 针铁矿acicular martensite 针状马氏体acicular powder 针状粉末acicular structure 针状结构acid 酸acid bath 酸浴acid bessemer converter 酸性转炉acid bessemer process 酸性转炉炼钢法acid bessemer steel 酸性转炉钢acid bottom 酸性炉底acid brick 酸性砖acid brittleness 酸洗脆性acid bronze 耐酸青铜acid corrosion 酸腐蚀acid electric furnace 酸性电炉acid electrolyte 酸性电解液acid embrittlement 酸洗脆性acid extraction 酸性萃取acid furnace 酸性炉acid hearth 酸性炉底acid leaching 酸性浸出acid lined furnace 酸性炉acid lining 酸性内衬acid medium 酸性介质acid open hearth furnace 酸性平炉acid open hearth process 酸性平炉法acid open hearth steel 酸性平炉钢acid oxide 酸性氧化物acid process 酸性法acid pump 酸泵acid refractory 酸性耐火材料acid resistance 耐酸性acid resistant steel 耐酸钢acid resisting cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid resisting casting 耐酸铸件acid resisting steel 耐酸钢acid slag 酸性渣acid solution 酸性溶液acid steel 酸性钢acid tank 酸性槽acidity 酸度acidproof alloy 耐酸合金acidproof brick 耐酸砖acidproof cast iron 耐酸铸铁acidproof casting 耐酸铸件acidulated bath 酸性化槽acierage 表面钢化acoustic absorbing material 吸音材料acoustic diagnosis 音响诊断acoustic emission 声发射acoustic fatigue 声波振动疲劳acoustic inspection 音响检查actinium 锕actinouranium 锕铀activated alumina 活性氧化铝activated carbon 活性碳activated chlorine 活性氯activated sintering 活化烧结activation 活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activation volume 活化容积activator 活化剂active material 放射性物质active mixer 预炼混铁炉active power 有效功率active solvent 活性溶剂active surface 活性表面activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数activity factor 活度系数activity probe 活度探示器actual load 有效负载actual solution 实际溶液actual stress 实际应力actual throat 实际角焊缝厚度adamite 水砷锌矿adamite roll 阿达迈特高碳铬镍耐磨铸铁轧辊adaptive mill control 轧机自适应控制addition 添加addition agent 添加剂addition compound 加成化合物addition element 加合金元素addition reaction 加成反应additive 添加剂additive deformation 附加变形additive efficient deformation rate 有效附加变形率additive property 加和性additivity rule 加成定则adherence 附着adherent slag 附着渣adhesion 附着adhesion force 附着力adhesion heat 粘附热adhesion test 附着力试验adhesive capacity 粘着能力adhesive force 附着力adiabatic calorimeter 绝热量热器adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic demagnetization 断热去磁adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic exponent 绝热指数adiabatic process 绝热过程adjustable end stop 升降挡板adjustable mold 可担adjusting 蝶adjusting screw 第螺钉adjustment 蝶admiralty brass 海军黄铜admiralty gun metal 海军炮铜admissible concentration 容许浓度admissible error 容许误差admissible stress 容许应力admixture heat 混合热adobe 风干砖adsorbability 可吸附性adsorbate 吸附物adsorbent 吸附剂adsorbing power 吸附能力adsorption 吸附adsorption chromatography 吸附色层法adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adsorption overvoltage 吸附过电压adsorption surface area 吸附表面积adular 冰长石advance 艾德万斯康铜aeration 充气aeration corrosion 充气腐蚀aeration tank 充气槽aerosol 气溶胶aerospace material 宇航材料aerospace structural metal 宇航结构金属affinage 精炼affinity 亲和力afterblow 后吹aftercontraction 附加收缩aftercooler 后冷却器aftereffect 后效afterflow 残余塑性变形aftertreatment 后处理agate 玛瑙agc 自动厚度控制age hardening 时效硬化age hardening alloy 时效硬化合金aged steel 时效钢agent 试剂agglomerant 粘结剂agglomerate 烧结矿agglomerated cake 烧结块agglomerated charge 烧结料agglomerating machine 烧结机agglomerating plant 烧结装置agglomeration 烧结agglomeration roasting 烧结焙烧agglutination 凝集aggregate 集合体aggregation 聚集aggression 侵蚀aggressiveness 侵蚀性aging 时效aging crack 时效裂纹aging oven 时效炉aging resistance 抗时效性aging stability 时效稳定性aging steel 时效钢agitating vane 搅拌叶片agitation 搅拌agitation leach 搅拌浸出agitator 搅拌机agitator tank 搅拌槽air acetylene welding 空气乙炔焊接air arc cutting 电弧气割air bath 空气浴air blast quenching 气零火air blast temperature 鼓风温度air box 风箱air brick 不烧砖air bubble 空气泡air chamber 空气室air classification 风选air cleaner 空气净化器air compressor 空气压缩机air conditioning 空气第air conduit 空气导管air conveying 气龄送air cooled condenser 空气冷凝器air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling 空气冷却air damper 风挡air distillation 常压蒸馏air exhauster 排气机air filter 空气过滤器air fuel mixture 空气燃料混合物air furnace 反射炉air gate 出气口air hammer 空气锤air hardening 空气淬火air hardening steel 空气硬化钢air hose 通风软管air inlet 进气口air jacket 空气套air manometer 空气压力计air mortar 气硬砂浆air oxidation 空气氧化air patenting 空气铅淬火air permeability 透气性air pipe 风管air port 空气喷口air preheater 空气预热器air pressure 空气压力air pump 空气泵;活塞泵air purification 空气净化air quenching 空气淬火air rammer 风动掉棒air regenerator 空气蓄热室air reservoir 储气罐air separation 气力分离air separator 气力分离器air test 气密试验air uptake 空气上升道air valve 空气阀airbond 自硬粘结剂airing 空气干燥;通风airtight joint 气密接头aisle 工段ajax northrup furnace 阿杰克斯诺斯拉普炉albion metal 阿尔比饵锡铅箔albite 钠长石albronze 铝青铜alchemy 炼金术alclad 阿尔克拉德包铝硬铝板;高强度铝合金alcohol 醇aldrey 阿尔德雷导线用铝合金alfenide 阿里费尼德锌白铜aligned composite material 取向复合材料aligned eutectic 取向共晶aligned structure 取向结构alignment 定心aliquation 偏析;层化alitizing 渗铝alkali 碱alkali battery 碱性蓄电池alkali metal 碱金属alkali reaction 碱性反应alkali resistance 耐碱性alkali salt 碱金属盐alkali solution 碱性液alkaline bath 碱浴alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline electrolyte 碱性电解液alkaline fusion 碱熔alkaline leaching 碱性浸出alkalinity 碱度allemontite 砷锑矿alligator effect 鳄皮效应alligator shears 杠杆式剪断机alligatoring 鳄嘴裂口allomerism 异质同晶allomorphism 同质异晶allomorphy 同质异晶allopalladium 硒钯矿allotropic modification 同素变态allotropic transformation 同素异形变态allotropy 同素异形体allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许负荷allowable pressure 容许压力allowable stress 容许应力allowable variation 容许偏差alloy 合金alloy addition 合金添加alloy hardening 合金硬化alloy pig iron 合金生铁alloy plating 合金镀覆alloy steel 合金钢alloy steel castings 合金钢铸件alloy system 合金系alloy tool steel 合金工具钢alloyage 合金化alloyed iron 合金铸铁alloyed scrap 合金废料alloying 合金化alloying constituent 合金成分alloying element 合金元素alloying metal 合金金属alloying power 合金化能力alluvial gold 砂金alni 阿尔尼alnico 阿尔尼科合金alpaca 阿尔帕克锌白铜alpakka 阿尔帕克锌白铜alpax 阿尔帕克斯铝硅合金alpha brass 黄铜alpha bronze 青铜alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpha iron 铁alpha particle 粒子alpha rays 射线alpha region 相区域alpha solid solution 固溶体alphatizing 气化渗铬法alsifer 阿尔违尔硅铝铁合金altaite 碲铅矿alternate lay wire rope 混合捻钢丝绳alternate steel 代用钢alternate stress 交变应力alternating bending test 反复弯曲试验alternating current arc welder 交羚弧焊机alternating current arc welding 交羚弧焊alternating current arc welding machine 交羚弧焊机alternating load 应变载荷alternating stress amplitude 交变应力振幅aludel 梨坛aludur 阿鲁杜合金alum 茂alumel 阿卢梅镍铝合金alumina 氧化铝alumina brick 高铝砖aluminate 铝酸盐aluminate inclusion 铝酸盐夹杂物aluminic acid 铝酸aluminium castings 铝铸件aluminized coat 铝镀覆层aluminized screen 铝化荧光屏aluminizing 渗铝aluminosilicate 铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate refractory 硅酸铝耐火材料aluminothermic process 铝热法aluminothermic reduction 铝热还原aluminothermic welding 铝热焊aluminothermics 铝热法aluminothermy 铝热法aluminum 铝aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum base alloy 铝基合金aluminum brass 铝黄铜aluminum bronze 铝青铜aluminum chloride 氯化铝aluminum copper alloy 铝铜合金aluminum fluoride 氟化铝aluminum foil 铝箔aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum iron alloy 铝铁合金aluminum leaf 铝箔aluminum magnesium alloy 铝镁合金aluminum nickel alloy 铝镍合金aluminum nitrate 硝酸铝aluminum nitride 氮化铝aluminum ore 铝矿aluminum oxide 氧化铝aluminum plating 镀铝aluminum powder 铝粉aluminum silicate 硅酸铝aluminum silicon alloy 铝硅合金aluminum solder 铝焊料aluminum wire 铝线alundum 人造刚玉alunite 茂石alunogen 毛矾石amalgam 汞齐amalgam process 混汞法amalgam test 汞齐试验amalgamated metal 混汞金属amalgamating bath 混汞化槽amalgamation 混汞amalgamator 混汞器ambient air 周围空气ambient temperature 周围温度amblygonite 磷铝石americium 镅amianthus 白丝状石棉ammonia 氨ammonia alum 铵铝矾ammonia leaching 氨浸出ammonia nitriding 氨氮化ammonia water 氨水ammonium 铵ammonium alum 铵铝矾ammonium chloride 氯化铵ammonium fluoride 氟化铵ammonium molybdate 钼酸铵ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium oxalate 草酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵amorphism 非晶性amorphous alloy 非晶质合金amorphous body 非晶体amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous film 非晶体膜amorphous metal 非晶体金属amorphous phase 非晶形相amorphous state 非晶质状态amorphous substance 无定形物质amount of contraction 收缩量amount of shrinkage 收缩量ampangabeite 铌钛铁铀矿amperometric titration 电廖定amperometry 电廖定amphion 两性离子ampholyte 两性电解质amphoteric compound 两性化合物amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质amphoteric element 两性元素amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoterism 两性amplitude 振幅amplitude of oscillation 振荡振幅anaconda process 安那康达法analog computer 模拟计算机analysis 分析analytical balance 分析天平analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical sample 分析试样analyzer 分析器anatase 锐钛矿anatomical alloy 骨科用易熔合金anelastic behavior 滞弹行为anelasticity 滞弹性angle 角钢angle butt weld 斜口对接焊缝angle of bite 轧入角angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle of neutral plane 中性角angle of nip 咬入角angle of nonslip point 中性角angle of repose 休止角angle of rest 休止角angle pass 角钢孔型angle section 角钢angle steel 角钢anglesite 硫酸铅矿angular carbide 角形碳化物angular powder 角状粉angular velocity 角速度anhydride 酐anhydrite 硬石膏animal charcoal 动物煤anion 阴离子anion catalyst 阴离子催化剂anion exchange 阴离子交换anion exchange resin 阴离子交换尸anion exchanger 阴离子交换剂anionite 阴离子交换剂anionite membrane 阴离子交换膜anisotropic material 蛤异性材料anisotropy 蛤异性annabergite 镍华annealed powder 退火粉annealed steel 退火钢annealing 退火annealing box 退火箱annealing cycle 退火周期annealing furnace 退火炉annealing of defects 缺陷退火annealing oven 退火炉annealing pot 退火箱annealing temperature 退火温度annealing twin 退火孪晶annerodite 铌钇铀矿annular furnace 环式窑annular kiln 环式窑anode 阳极anode alloy 阳极合金anode casting 阳极铸造anode chamber 阳极室anode compartment 阳极室anode copper 阳极铜anode drop 阳极降anode effect 阳极效应anode efficiency 阳极电璃率anode fall 阳极降anode furnace 阳极炉anode mud 阳极泥anode nickel 阳极镍anode pickling 阳极酸洗anode process 阳极法anode rays 阳极射线anode remnants 残阳极anode scrap 残阳极anode slime 阳极泥anode sludge 阳极泥anode voltage 阳极电压anodic brightening 阳极抛光anodic coating 阳极镀层anodic corrosion 阳极腐蚀anodic current 阳极电流anodic current density 阳极电淋度anodic current efficiency 阳极电璃率anodic dissolution 阳极溶解anodic overvoltage 阳极过电压anodic oxidation 阳极氧化anodic polarization 阳极极化anodic process 阳极法anodic protection 阳极保护anodic reaction 阳极反应anodic treatment 阳极处理anodizing 阳极处理anolyte 阳极电解液anomalous slip 反常滑移anorthic system 三斜晶系anorthite 钙长石anorthoclase 钠斜微长石anthracite 无烟煤anthracitic coal 无烟煤anticarburizer 渗碳防止剂anticathode 反阴极anticorodal 耐蚀铝合金anticorrodant 防腐剂anticorrosive agent 防腐剂anticorrosive paint 防腐涂料antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antifoaming agent 防沫剂antifriction alloy 减磨合金antifriction bearing 抗摩轴承antifriction material 减摩材料antifriction metal 减磨合金antimonate 锑酸盐antimonial lead 锑铅antimonic acid 锑酸antimonic anhydride 锑酸酐antimonide 锑化物antimonite 辉锑矿antimonous acid 亚锑酸antimony 锑antimony bronze 锑青铜antimony glance 辉锑矿antimony sulfide 硫化锑antimony white 锑白antioxidant 反氧化剂antiphase domain 反相畴antiphase domain boundary 反相畴界antipiping compound 冒口保温剂anvil 铁砧anvil block 砧座aod 氩氧脱碳aod converter aod转炉aod process 氩氧脱碳法apatite 磷灰石aperture 口径apochromat 复消色差透镜apochromatic lens 复消色差透镜apparatus 仪器装置apparent density 表观密度apparent modulus of elasticity 表观弹性系数apparent particle density 颗粒表观密度apparent power 表观功率apparent specific gravity 表观比重apparent viscosity 表观粘度apparent volume 表观体积approach angle 拉模变形锥approach table 输入辊道approximate analysis 近似分析apron conveyor 板式运输机apron feeder 裙板加料机aqua regia 王水aquadag 胶体石墨润滑剂aqueous electrolysis 水溶液电解aqueous leach 水溶液浸出aqueous medium 水介质aqueous solution 水溶液aqueous vapour 水蒸汽ar transformation ar 转变arbitrary analysis 仲裁分析arbor 轴arborescent powder 师状粉arborescent structure 枝晶组织arc 弧arc air gouging 电弧空气气削arc blow 电弧磁偏吹arc blowout 熄弧arc brazing 电弧钎焊arc cutting 电弧切割arc discharge 电弧放电arc drop 电弧压降arc force 电弧力arc furnace 电弧炉arc furnace electrode 电弧炉电极arc gouging 电弧刨削arc heating 电弧加热arc image furnace 反射电弧炉arc length 弧长arc spraying 电弧喷镀arc stabilizer 电弧稳定装置arc start 起弧arc strike 起弧arc welding 电弧焊接arc welding alternator 电弧焊用交立电机arc welding electrode 电弧焊条arc welding generator 弧焊发电机arc welding machine 电弧焊接机arc welding set 电弧焊机组arc welding transformer 电焊变压器arch 拱arch brick 拱砖arcogen 气电焊arcos arc process 阿考斯二氧化碳保护弧焊法ardometer 光测高温计area reduction 断面收缩areometer 比重计argental mercury 银汞argentan 锌白铜argentiferous lead 含银铅argentite 辉银矿argentum 银argon 氩argon arc 氩气保护电弧argon arc welding 氩弧焊argon blowing in ladle 桶吹氩argon oxygen decarburization 氩氧脱碳argon oxygen decarburization converter aod转炉argon oxygen decarburization process 氩氧脱碳法argon rinsing treatment 氩清洗处理argon stirring 吹氩搅拌argyrodite 硫银锗矿arizonite 红钛铁矿arm mixer 桨叶式搅拌机armature wire 钢筋线材armco iron 阿姆克铁armor 装甲钢板armor plate 装甲板armor plate mill 装甲板轧机armor steel 装甲钢armored cast iron 钢筋铸铁arrangement 装置;配置array of dislocations 位错排列arrest point 临界点arsenate 砷酸盐arsenic 砷arsenic acid 砷酸arsenic anhydride 砷酸酐arsenic poisoning 砷中毒arsenical copper 砷铜arsenical nickel 红砷镍arsenical pyrite 砷黄铁矿arsenide 砷化物arsenite 亚砷酸盐arsenolite 砷华arsenopyrite 砷黄铁矿arsenous acid 亚砷酸arsenous anhydride 亚砷酸酐art bronze 艺术青铜art castings 艺术铸件artificial aging 人工时效artificial draught 人工通风artificial gas 人造气体as cast condition 铸态as cast metal 铸态金属as cast structure 铸造组织as rolled state 轧制状态asbestos 石棉asbestos packing 石棉垫料asbestos paper 石棉纸asbestos plate 石棉板asbestos wool 石棉绒asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿ascending tube 上升管ascension pipe 上升管asea skf process asea skf 法ash cellar 灰坑ash content 含灰量ash cooling 灰中冷却ash pan 灰盘asparagolite 黄绿磷灰石asparagus stone 黄绿磷灰石asperity 不平度aspirator 吸气器assay 试金;试料assay balance 试金天平assay furnace 试金炉assel elongator 阿塞尔三辊式轧管机assel mill 阿塞尔三辊式轧管机assemblage 装配assembling 装配astatine 砹asterism 星芒atacamite 氯铜矿athermal growth 绝热生长athermal nucleation 非热成核athermal solution 非热溶液athermal transformation 非热转变atmophile element 亲气元素atmosphere 大气atmospheric corrosion 大气腐蚀atmospheric pressure 大气压力atmospheric rusting 大气锈蚀atom 原子atom fraction 原子分数atom magnetic moment 原子磁矩atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收光谱学atomic arrangement 原子排列atomic binding 原子键atomic bond 原子键atomic crystal 原子结晶atomic diameter 原子直径atomic displacement 原子位移atomic energy 原子能atomic group 原子团atomic heat 原子热atomic heat capacity 原子热容量atomic hydrogen 原子氢atomic lattice 原子晶格atomic mass 原子质量atomic model 原子模型atomic nucleus 原子核atomic number 原子序数atomic oxygen 原子氧atomic percent 原子百分比atomic pile 原子反应堆atomic plane 原子面atomic power 原子力atomic radius 原子半径atomic ratio 原子比atomic reactor 原子反应堆atomic size 原子大小atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic structure 原子结构atomic volume 原子体积atomic weight 原子量atomic welding 氢原子焊atomization 喷雾atomized powder 喷雾粉atomizer 喷雾器atomizing 喷雾attached test coupon 附铸试棒attack 侵蚀attenuation 衰减attraction 吸引attractive force 引力attrition 磨损attritor grinding 磨碎机粉碎auric chloride 氯化金auric compound 正金化合物auric cyanide 氰化金aurous chloride 氯化亚金aurous compound 亚金化合物aurous cyanide 氰化亚金ausaging 沉淀硬化ausannealing 等温退火ausforming 过冷奥氏体形变热处理ausrolling 过冷奥氏体轧制形变热处理austempering 奥氏体等温淬火austenite 奥氏体austenite former 奥氏体形成元素austenite region 奥氏体区域austenite stabilization 奥氏体稳定化处理austenite structure 奥氏体组织austenitic electrode 奥氏体钢焊条austenitic grain size 奥氏体粒度austenitic iron 奥氏体铸铁austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢austenitic steel 奥氏体钢austenitic transformation 奥氏体转变austenitization 奥氏体化austenitizing 奥氏体化austenitizing temperature 奥氏体化温度austenoferritic steel 奥氏体铁素体钢austenomartensitic steel 奥氏体马氏体钢austrian test 焊缝抗弯试验autocatalysis 自动催化酌autoclave 高压釜autoclave leaching 加压浸出autocrucible melting 自成坩埚熔炼autodiffusion 自扩散autodiffusion coefficient 自扩散系数autogenous ignition 自发着火autoignition 自发着火automatic arc welding 自动电弧焊automatic arc welding machine 自动电焊机automatic control 自动控制automatic gage control 自动厚度控制automatic mill 自动轧机automatic size control 自动尺寸控制automatic spot welding 自动点焊automatic steel 易切钢automatic welding 自动焊接automatic welding machine 自动电焊机automobile body sheet 汽车车身钢板automobile steel 汽车钢automolite 铁锌尖晶石autoradiography 自射线照相法autunite 钙铀云毋auxiliaries 辅助设备auxiliary air 二次空气auxiliary anode 辅助阳极auxiliary electrode 辅助电极auxiliary pump 辅助泵average roll pressure 平均轧制压力average sample 平均试样avional 阿维奥纳尔铝合金avogadrite 氟硼砷石avogadro's number 阿弗加德罗数axial force 轴向力axial porosity 轴芯气孔率axial pressure 轴向压力axial ratio 轴比axial slip 轴向滑移axial stress 轴向应力axial vector 轴矢量axis 轴azeotrope 共沸混合物azeotropic distillation 共沸蒸馏azeotropic mixture 共沸混合物azeotropic solution 共沸溶液azeotropy 共沸azimuthal quantum number 方位量子数azotization 氮化azotizing 氮化azurite 蓝铜矿冶金专业英语词汇(A) 相关内容:41。
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2. Steel scrap and sponge iron Scrap and sponge iron can be used as iron supplier and cooling agent. Worldwide, scrap participates 40 percent in steel production input and must therefore be considered as an important raw material. Its use in steelmaking varies, depending on the production process applied. In BOF, scrap accounts for about 20 percent, while in electric arc furnace, it may be 100 percent.
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Large quantities of tramp elements within the hot metal still have to be removed partly or completely. In fact, this is a most important task of steelmaking.
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Capital scrap This arises from scrapping manufactured goods and equipment. In some cases it may be returned to the works after three or four years’ use, or with heavy capital equipment the life may be fifty years or more, but the average appears to be about twenty years. Circulating and process scrap usually return to the steelmaker without contamination from undesirable elements, and heavy capital scrap is generally of the same quality.
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Steel scrap may be classified according to its sources: Circulating scrap This arises during the steelmaking and rolling process in a given works. It consists of sheared ends and rejected materials which is normally returned immediately to the steelmaking vessel. Process scrap This arises at the customer’s works during the manufacture of finished articles. It is usually returned quickly to the steelmaking plants.
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Much “short life” capital scrap, however, becomes contaminated with coatings of various kinds and is returned, without the complete separation of non-ferrous components in the form of pressed bundles. This gives a sharp increase in the residuals in the steel, which detracts from its properties for a number of applications.
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Raw Materials of Steelmaking
The hot metal tapped from the blast furnace is the principal raw materials used for steelmaking. Besides hot metal，further charge materials are: steel scrap, sponge iron, slag formers, alloying agents and oxidizing agents.
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1. Blast furnace iron (Hot metal) Blast furnace iron consists of the element iron combined with numerous other chemical elements, the most common of which are carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and silicon. Pig iron may contain 3.0 to 4.5 per cent of carbon, 0.15 to 2.5 per cent or more of manganese, 0.02 to 0.06 per cent of sulphur, 0.3 per cent or more silicon and small amount of phosphorous.
Unit 6
Raw materials of steelmaking
unit6
PartⅠ Reading and Comprehension text
background Language points Words & expressions
practice PartⅡ Translation Training 翻译技巧（六） 词类转译法（III）