ISO-TS 15066-2016 Robots and robotic devices — Collaborative robots
海关物流监控前端集成系统建设 第4部分：RFID设备
ICS点击此处添加中国标准文献分类号HS 中华人民共和国海关行业标准HS/T XXXXX—2010海关物流监控前端集成系统建设第4部分:RFID设备Customs Logistics Supervisor and Control SystemPart 4:RFID device点击此处添加与国际标准一致性程度的标识（工作组讨论稿）（本稿完成日期：2010-12-21）XXXX-XX-XX发布XXXX-XX-XX实施发布目次前言 (II)1 范围 (1)2 规范性引用文件 (1)3 术语和定义 (1)4 RFID电子标签 (2)要求 (2)封装要求 (2)功能要求 (2)性能要求 (2)接口要求 (3)与RFID电子标签阅读器空中接口 (3)数据格式 (3)兼容性要求 (5)安全性要求 (5)物理安全 (5)数据安全 (5)5 RFID电子标签阅读器 (5)ID号编码规则 (5)要求 (7)外观与结构 (7)外观 (7)结构 (7)功能要求 (7)多标签识别能力 (7)动态识别能力 (7)性能要求 (7)接口要求 (8)与上位机接口 (8)与RFID电子标签接口 (8)软件接口标准 (8)安全性要求 (9)设备状态自检 (9)防止相邻干扰 (9)设备认证 (9)前言HS/T XXXX-2010《海关物流监控前端集成系统建设》分为八个部分：——第1部分数据接口；——第2部分卡口建设；——第3部分油气采集换算系统集成和验收；——第4部分 RFID设备；——第5部分 IC卡设备；——第6部分安全智能锁；——第7部分前端设备准入；——第8部分卡口前端工程验收。
本部分为HS/T XXXX-2010的第4部分。
本标准由中华人民共和国海关总署政策法规司提出。
本标准由中华人民共和国海关总署政策法规司归口。
本标准主要起草单位：海关总署科技发展司、海关总署监管司、海关总署加工贸易及保税监管司、海关总署信息中心、中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司、南京三宝科技股份有限公司等。
BSENISO17638-2016焊缝的无损检验.磁粒子检验
BSENISO17638-2016焊缝的⽆损检验.磁粒⼦检验EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPéENNE EUROP?ISCHE NORM EN ISO 17638 November 2016ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN ISO 17638:2009English VersionNon-destructive testing of welds - Magnetic particletesting (ISO 17638:2016)Contr?le non destructif des assemblages soudés - Magnétoscopie (ISO 17638:2016) Zerst?rungsfreie Prüfung von Schwei?verbindungen - Magnetpulverprüfung (ISO 17638:2016)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2016.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I TéE UR O PéE N DE N O R M A L I SA T I O NE UR O P?I SC HE S KO M I T E E FüR N O R M UN GCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 17638:2016 EBS EN ISO 17638:2016EN ISO 17638:2016 (E)3European forewordThis document (EN ISO 17638:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 17638:2009.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 17638:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17638:2016 without any modification.BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E) Contents PageForeword (iv)1 Scope (1)2 Normative references (1)3 Terms and definitions (1)4 Safety precautions (1)5 General (1)5.1 Information required prior to testing (1)5.2 Additional pre-test information (2)5.3 Personnel qualification (2)5.4 Surface conditions and preparation (2)5.5 Magnetizing (2)5.5.1 Magnetizing equipment (2)5.5.2 Verification of magnetization (3)5.6 Application techniques (3)5.6.1 Field directions and testing area (3)5.6.2 Typical magnetic testing techniques (6)5.7 Detection media (9)5.7.1 General (9)5.7.2 Verification of detection media performance (9)5.8 Viewing conditions (10)5.9 Application of detection media (10)5.10 Overall performance test (10)5.11 False indications (10)5.12 Recording of indications (10)5.13 Demagnetization (11)5.14 Test report (11)Annex A (informative) Variables affecting the sensitivity of magnetic particle testing (13)Bibliography (15)ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iiiBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see /doc/b748db97f68a6529647d27284b73f242326c3101.html /directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see/doc/b748db97f68a6529647d27284b73f242326c3101.html /patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:/doc/b748db97f68a6529647d27284b73f242326c3101.html /iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee 5, Testing and inspection of welds.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17638:2003), which has been technically revised.Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this document should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at /doc/b748db97f68a6529647d27284b73f242326c3101.html .ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17638:2016(E)Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing1 ScopeThis document specifies techniques for detection of surface imperfections in welds in ferromagnetic materials, including the heat affected zones, by means of magnetic particle testing. The techniques are suitable for most welding processes and joint configurations. Variations in the basic techniques that will provide a higher or lower test sensitivity are described in Annex A.This document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications. Further information on acceptance levels for indications may be found in ISO 23278 or in product or application standards.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing —Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing conditions ISO 9934-1:2015, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 1: General principles ISO 9934-2, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 2: Detection media ISO 9934-3, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 3: Equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12707 and ISO 17635 apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:— IEC Electropedia: available at /doc/b748db97f68a6529647d27284b73f242326c3101.html /— ISO Online browsing platform: available at /doc/b748db97f68a6529647d27284b73f242326c3101.html /obp4 Safety precautionsSpecial consideration shall be given to toxic, inflammable and/or volatile materials, electrical safety and unfiltered UV radiation.Magnetic particle testing often creates high magnetic fields close to the object under test and the magnetising equipment. Items sensitive to these fields should be excluded from such areas.5 General5.1 Information required prior to testingPrior to testing, the following items shall be specified (where applicable):a)specific test procedure;b)certification requirements for NDT personnel;ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)extent of coverage;state of manufacture;testing techniques to be used;overall performance test;any demagnetization;acceptance level;action necessary for unacceptable indications.5.2 Additional pre-test informationPrior to testing, the following additional information can also be required:type and designation of the parent and weld materials;welding process;location and extent of welds to be tested;joint preparation and dimensions;location and extent of any repairs;post-weld treatment (if any);surface conditions.Operators may ask for further information that could be helpful in determining the nature of any indications detected.5.3 Personnel qualificationMagnetic particle testing of welds and the evaluation of results for final acceptance shall be performed by qualified and capable personnel. It is recommended that personnel be qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or an equivalent standard at an appropriate level in the relevant industry sector.5.4 Surface conditions and preparationAreas to be tested shall be dry unless appropriate products for wet surfaces are used. It may be necessary to improve the surface condition, e.g. by use of abrasive paper or local grinding to permit accurate interpretation of indications.Any cleaning or surface preparation shall not be detrimental to the material, the surface finish or the magnetic testing media. Detection media shall be used within the temperature range limitations set by the manufacturer.5.5 Magnetizing5.5.1 Magnetizing equipmentGeneral magnetization requirements shall be in accordance with ISO 9934-1:2015, Clause 8. Unless otherwise specified, for example, in an application standard, the following types of alternating current-magnetizing equipment shall be used: electromagnetic yokes;ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)b)current flow equipment with prods;c)adjacent or threading conductors or coil techniques.DC electromagnets and permanent magnets may only be used by agreement at the time of enquiry and order.The magnetizing equipment shall conform to ISO 9934-3.Where prods are used, precautions shall be taken to minimize overheating, burning or arcing at the contact tips. Removal of arc burns shall be carried out where necessary. The affected area shall be tested by a suitable method to ensure the integrity of the surface.5.5.2 Verification of magnetizationFor the verification of magnetization, see ISO 9934-1:2015, 8.2.For structural steels in welds, a tangential field between 2 kA/m to 6 kA/m (r.m.s.) is recommended. The adequacy of the surface flux density shall be established by one or more of the following methods: a)by testing a representative component containing fine natural or artificial discontinuities in the least favourable locations;b)measurement of the tangential field strength as close as possible to the surface using a Hall effect probe; the appropriate tangential field strength can be difficult to measure close to abrupt changes in the shape of a component or where flux leaves the surface of a component;c)calculation of the approximate current value in order to achieve the recommended tangential field strength; the calculation can be based on the current values specified in Figure 5 and Figure 6;d)by the use of other methods based on established principles.Flux indicators (i.e. shim-type) placed in contact with the surface under test provide a guide to the magnitude and direction of the tangential field strength, but should not be used to verify that the tangential field strength is acceptable.NOTE Information on b) is given in ISO 9934-3.5.6 Application techniques5.6.1 Field directions and testing areaThe detectability of an imperfection depends on the angle of its major axis with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. This is explained for one direction of magnetization in Figure 1.ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Keymagnetic field direction αangle between the magnetic field and the direction of the imperfection optimum sensitivity αmin minimum angle for imperfection detection reducing sensitivity αi example of imperfection orientationinsufficient sensitivityFigure 1 — Directions of detectable imperfectionsTo ensure detection of imperfections in all orientations, the welds shall be magnetized in two directionsapproximately perpendicular to each other with a maximum deviation of 30°. This can be achieved using one or more magnetization methods.Testing in only one field direction is not recommended but may be carried out if specified, for example, in an application standard.When using yokes or prods, there will be an area of the component in the vicinity of each pole piece or tip that will be impossible to test due to excessive magnetic field strength. This is usually seen as furring of particles.Care shall be taken to ensure adequate overlap of the testing areas as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Dimensions in millimetresKeyd separation between the poles (yoke/prod )Figure 2 — Examples of effective testing area (shaded) for magnetizing with yokes and prods ? ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 5BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Keyeffective area overlapFigure 3 — Overlap of effective areas5.6.2 Typical magnetic testing techniquesMagnetic particle testing techniques for common weld joint configurations are shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6. Values are given for guidance purposes only. Where possible, the same directions of magnetization and field overlaps should be used for other weld geometries to be tested. The width of the flux current (in case of flux current technique) or of the magnetic flow (in case of magnetic flow technique) path in the material, d , shall be greater than or equal to the width of the weld and the heat affected zone +50 mm and in all cases, the weld and the heat affected zone shall be included in the effective area. The direction of magnetization with respect to the orientation of the weld shall be specified.ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016 ISO 17638:2016(E)Dimensions in millimetresd ≥ 75b ≤ d/2β≈ 90od1 ≥ 75b1 ≤ d1/2b2 ≤ d2 – 50d2≥ 75d1 ≥ 75d2 ≥ 75b1 ≤ d1/2b2 ≤ d2 ? 50d1 ≥ 75d2 > 75b1 ≤ d1/2b2 ≤ d2 ? 50Key1longitudinal cracks2transverse cracksFigure 4 — Typical magnetizing techniques for yokes ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 7BS EN ISO 17638:2016 ISO 17638:2016(E)Dimensions in millimetresd ≥ 75b ≤ d/2β≈ 90od ≥ 75b ≤ d/2d ≥ 75b ≤ d/2d ≥ 75b ≤ d/2Figure 5 — Typical magnetizing techniques for prods, using a magnetizing current prod spacing ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Dimensions in millimetres20 ≤ a ≤ 50 N ·I ≥ 8D 20 ≤ a ≤ 50 N ·I ≥ 8D20 ≤ a ≤ 50 N ·I ≥ 8DKeyN number of turns I current (r.m.s)a distance between weld and coil or cableFigure 6 — Typical magnetizing techniques for flexible cables or coils (for longitudinal cracks)5.7 Detection media5.7.1 GeneralDetection media may be either in dry powder form or magnetic inks in accordance with ISO 9934-2.5.7.2 Verification of detection media performanceThe detection media used shall fulfil the requirements of ISO 9934-2.ISO 2016 – All rights reserved9BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Indications obtained with the medium to be verified shall be compared against those obtained from a medium having a known and acceptable performance. For this purpose, the reference indications may be real imperfections,photograph(s), andreplica(s).5.8 Viewing conditionsThe viewing conditions shall be in accordance with ISO 3059.5.9 Application of detection mediaAfter the object has been prepared for testing, the detection medium shall be applied by spraying, flooding or dusting immediately prior to and during the magnetization. Following this, time shall be allowed for indications to form before removal of the magnetic field.When magnetic suspensions are used, the magnetic field shall be maintained within the object until the majority of the suspension carrier liquid has drained away from the test surface. This will prevent any indications being washed away.Depending on the material being tested, its surface condition and magnetic permeability, indications will normally remain on the surface even after removal of the magnetic field due to residual magnetism within the part (mainly at the location of the poles). However, the presence of residual magnetism shall not be presumed and post evaluation techniques after removal of the prime magnetic field source are only permitted when a component has been proven by an overall performance test to retain magnetic indications.5.10 Overall performance testWhen specified, an overall performance test of the system sensitivity for each procedure shall be carried out on site. The performance test shall be designed to ensure a proper functioning of the entire chain of parameters including the equipment, the magnetic field strength and direction, surface characteristics, detection media and illumination.The most reliable test is to use representative test pieces containing real imperfections of known type, location, size and size-distribution. Where these are not available, fabricated test pieces with artificial imperfections or flux shunting indicators of the cross or disc or shim-type may be used.The test pieces shall be demagnetized and free from indications resulting from previous tests.NOTE It can be necessary to perform an overall performance test of the system sensitivity for each specific procedure on site.5.11 False indicationsFalse indications which may mask relevant indications can arise for many reasons, such as changes in magnetic permeability, very important geometry variation in, for example, the heat affected zone. Where masking is suspected, the test surface shall be dressed or alternative test methods should be used.5.12 Recording of indicationsIndications can be recorded in one or more of the following ways by using: description in writing;sketches;10 ? ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)c)photography;d)transparent adhesive tape;e)transparent varnish for “freezing” the indication on the surface tested;f)peelable contrast coating;g)video recording;h)magnetic particle dispersion in an epoxy curable resin;i)magnetic tapes;j)electronic scanning.5.13 DemagnetizationAfter testing welds with alternating current, residual magnetization will normally be low and there will generally be no need for demagnetization of the object under test. If demagnetization is required, it shall be carried out using a defined method and to a predefined level. For metal cutting processes, a typical residual field strength value of H < 0,4 kA/m is recommended.5.14 Test reportA test report shall be prepared.The report should contain at least the following:a)name of the company carrying out the test;b)the object tested;c)date of testing;d)parent and weld materials;e)any post weld heat treatment;f)type of joint;g)material thickness;h)welding process(es);i)temperature of the test object and the detection media (when using media in circulation) throughout testing duration;j)identity of the test procedure and description of the parameters used, including the following:— type of magnetization;— type of current;— detection media;— viewing conditions;k)details and results of the overall performance test, where applicable;l)acceptance levels;ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 11BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)m)description and location of all recordable indications;test results with reference to acceptance levels;names, relevant qualification and signatures of personnel who carried out the test.12 ? ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Annex A(informative)Variables affecting the sensitivity of magnetic particle testingA.1 Surface conditions and preparationThe maximum test sensitivity that can be achieved by any magnetic testing method is dependent on many variables but can be seriously affected by the surface roughness of the object and any irregularities present. In some cases, it can be necessary to— dress undercut and surface irregularities by grinding, and— remove or reduce the weld reinforcement.Surfaces covered with a thin non-ferromagnetic coatings up to 50 µm thickness may be tested provided the colour is contrasting with the colour of the detection medium used. Above this thickness, the sensitivity of the method decreases and may be demonstrated to be sufficiently sensitive before proceeding with the test.A.2 Magnetizing equipment characteristicsThe use of alternating current gives the best sensitivity for detecting surface imperfections. Yokes produce an adequate magnetic field in simple butt-welds but where the flux is reduced by gaps or the path is excessive through the object, as in T-joints a reduction of sensitivity can occur.For complex joint configurations, i.e. branch connections with an inclined angle of less than 90°, testing using yokes might be inadequate. Prods or cable wrapping with current flow will, in these cases, prove more suitable.A.3 Magnetic field strength and permeabilityThe field strength required to produce an indication strong enough to be detected during magnetic particle testing is dependent mainly on the magnetic permeability of the object. Generally, magnetic permeability is high in softer magnetic materials, for example, low alloy steels and low in harder magnetic materials, i.e. martensitic steels. Because permeability is a function of the magnetizing current, low permeability materials usually require application of a higher magnetization value than do softer alloys to produce the same flux density. It is essential, therefore, to establish that flux density values are adequate before beginning the magnetic particle testing.A.4 Detection mediaMagnetic particle suspensions will usually give a higher sensitivity for detecting surface imperfections than dry powders.Fluorescent magnetic detection media usually give a higher test sensitivity than colour contrast media, because of the higher contrast between the darkened background and the fluorescent indication. The sensitivity of the fluorescent method will, nevertheless, decrease in proportion to any increase in the roughness of the surface to which magnetic particles adhere and can cause a disturbing background fluorescence.ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 13BS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Where the background illumination cannot be adequately lowered or where background fluorescence is disturbing, coloured detection media in conjunction with the smoothing effect of a contrast aid will usually give better sensitivity.14 ? ISO 2016 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17638:2016ISO 17638:2016(E)Bibliography[1] ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel[2] ISO 12707, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Vocabulary[3] ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials[4] ISO 23278, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing — Acceptance levels ? ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 15。
暂态录波型故障指示器技术条件和检测规范20160825 翻译件20161018
暂态录波型故障指示器技术条件和检测规范（试行）Technical requirements and inspection regulations forTransient state waveform recording type fault indicator暂态录波型故障指示器技术条件和检测规范Technical requirements and inspection regulations forTransient state waveform recording type fault indicator1范围scope本标准规定了暂态录波型故障指示器（以下简称指示器）的使用条件、技术要求、选型原则、试验项目及方法等。
This regulation stipulates the working condition, technical requirements, selection principle, testing subjects and methods of transient state transient fault indicator (use “indicator” for short in the following part).本标准适用于额定电压 6.6kV～35kV、额定频率50Hz的三相交流配电架空线路中监测负荷、指示、上报短路和接地故障线路区段信息的暂态录波型指示器。
This standard is suitable for the transient waveform recording indicator to monitor the load, indication, uploading short circuit and earthing faults, for the three phase AC distribution overhead line with rated voltage of 6.6kv-35kv and rated frequency of 50Hz.2 规范性引用文件normative reference下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。
家用太阳能光伏电源系统技术条件和试验方法-最新国标
家用太阳能光伏电源系统技术条件和试验方法1范围本标准规定了离网型家用太阳能光伏电源系统及其部件的定义、分类与命名、技术要求、试验方法、文件要求以及标志、包装。
本标准适用于由太阳能电池方阵、蓄电池组、充放电控制器、逆变器及用电器等组成的家用太阳能光伏电源系统及部件；其他相关具有太阳能充放电控制器、直流/交流逆变器功能装置及系统等可参考使用，如太阳能路灯、信号塔用、轮船应急用等离网型太阳能光伏电源系统及部件。
2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。
其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
GB/T191—2008包装储运图示标志GB/T20047光伏组件（PV）安全鉴定GB/T22473.1—2021储能用蓄电池第1部分：光伏离网应用技术条件GB/T2297太阳光伏能源系统术语GB/T2423.1—2008电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验A：低温(IEC60068-2-1:2007) GB/T2423.2—2008电工电子产品环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验B：高温(IEC60068-2-2:2007) GB/T2423.3—2016环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Cab：恒定湿热试验GB/T2423.10—2019环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Fc：振动(正弦)(IEC60068-2-6:2007) GB/T2423.18—2021环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Kb：盐雾，交变（氯化钠溶液）GB/T24908—2014普通照明用非定向自镇流LED灯性能要求GB/T29196—2012独立光伏系统技术规范GB31241-2022便携式电子产品用锂离子电池和电池组安全技术规范GB/T32504-2016民用铅酸蓄电池安全技术规范GB/T3859.2—2013半导体变流器通用要求和电网换相变流器第1-2部分:应用(IEC/TR 60146-1-2:2011,MOD)GB40165-2021固定式电子设备用锂离子电池和电池组安全技术规范GB/T4208—2017外壳防护等级（IP代码）GB/T7000（所有部分）灯具GB/T9535地面用晶体硅光伏组件设计鉴定和定型IEC TS61836—2016太阳光伏能源系统—术语、定义和符号ISO4892—1:2016塑料-实验室光源暴露试验方法第1部分：通用指南ISO4892—2:2013塑料－实验室光源暴露试验方法－第2部分：氙弧灯3术语和定义IEC TS61836-2016和GB/T2297界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
光伏组件 非均匀雪载荷试验-最新国标
光伏组件非均匀雪载荷试验1范围本文件定义了一种测试方法，用于确定有框光伏组件在倾斜的非均匀雪载荷影响下的机械性能。
本文件适用于有框光伏组件，其边框在预期安装后会突出于组件下边缘的前面板玻璃表面，因此对从组件表面滑落的雪形成了额外的阻碍。
本文件不适用具有其他边框结构的组件，如边框组成背面框架结构或侧边、顶边、下边缘边框不会额外阻碍积雪滑落的组件。
本文件所定义的试验方法用于确定有框光伏组件的非均匀机械载荷极限。
本文件规定的载荷试验方法仅适用于模拟自然雪载荷分布。
任何人工积雪分布模式（例如除雪或人为分配行为）需另行考虑。
本文不包括消除或缓解不均匀积雪的方法，如增大安装角度（超过60°）。
本文所假设地面积雪和组件表面积雪之间的系数关系，可能不适用于多次降雪间隔期间积雪未完全消融的情景。
本文件不考虑积雪对组件发电的影响。
虽然试验方法包括载荷测试步骤间的等待时间，但本文件没有对组件材料（如前板玻璃）的疲劳行为进行过完整评估。
由于雪载造成的光伏组件典型现场失效表现为玻璃破裂和边框弯曲，本试验方法旨在重现此类失效发生时的载荷状态。
2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。
其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
IEC TS60904-13：2018光伏器件第13部分：光伏组件的电致发光（Photovoltaic devices-Part 13:Electroluminescence of photovoltaic modules）IEC61215-1：2016地面用光伏组件设计鉴定和定型-第1部分：测试要求（Terrestrial photovoltaic(PV)modules-Design qualification and type approval-Part1:Test requirements）IEC61215-2：2016地面用光伏组件设计鉴定和定型-第2部分：试验程序（Terrestrial photovoltaic(PV)modules-Design qualification and type approval-Part2:Test procedures）IEC TS61836太阳能光伏能源系统术语、定义和符号（Solar photovoltaic energy systems -Terms,definitions and symbols)IEC TS62915光伏组件设计定型和安全鉴定重测导则（Photovoltaic(PV)modules-Type approval,design and safety qualification-Retesting）GB/T1.1-2020《标准化工作导则第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》GB/T1.2-2020《标准化工作导则第2部分:以ISOIEC标准化文件为基础的标准化文件起草规则》3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
图书盘点机器人通用技术条件-最新国标
图书盘点机器人通用技术条件1范围本文件规定了图书盘点机器人的术语与定义、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、使用说明书、运输和贮存。
本文件适用于对图书馆图书进行盘点的图书盘点机器人。
2规范性引用文件下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。
凡是注日期的引用文件，仅所注日期的版本适用于本文件。
凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
GB/T 191-2008 包装储运图示标志GB/T 2423.1-2008 电工电子产品环境试验第2部分试验A:低温GB/T 2423.2-2008 电工电子产品环境试验第2部分试验B:高温GB/T 2423.3-2016 环境试验第2部分：试验方法试验Cab：恒定湿热试验GB/T 4768-2008 防霉包装GB/T 4879-2016 防锈包装GB/T 5048-2017 防潮包装GB/T 5226.1-2019 机械电气安全机械电气设备第1部分:通用技术条件GB/T 13384-2008 机电产品包装通用技术条件GB/T 17626.2-2018 电磁兼容试验和测量技术静电放电抗扰度试验GB/T 17626.8-2006 电磁兼容试验和测量技术工频磁场抗扰度试验GB/T 38124-2019 服务机器人性能测试方法IEC 62849:2016 机器人家用移动机器人性能评估方法 Robotics -- Performance evaluation methods of mobile household robots3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1图书盘点 bookshelf scanning按照设定的模式，定期或临时对馆内图书的实际数量及存放位置进行清查和清点。
3.2图书盘点机器人 bookshelf scanning robot由自主导航装置、盘点装置、人机交互单元、操作系统等组成的具有半自主或自主控制功能，可替代图书馆管理员从事图书盘点作业的移动式机器人。
D3-15模型CIO-PDISO16产品说明书
D3-15Model CIO-PDISO16$549ߜ16 Electromechanical Relay Outputsߜ16 Isolated Digital Inputs (500 V Isolation)ߜDigital Inputs Accept AC or DC SignalsProviding 16 electromechanical relays for output actuation and 16 isolated inputs (500 V), the CIO-PDISO16board is a low cost, low profile way to monitor and control high voltage AC or DC directly from your personal computer.The 16 relays are addressed as two 8-bit ports. Ten relays are form C SPDT and 6 are form A normally open. The contacts are rated at 5 A at 120 Vac or 6 A @ 28 Vdc with resistive load. The 16 isolated inputs are also addressed as two bytes.The inputs are not polarity sensitive and may be mixed between 5-24 Vac (50-1000 Hz) and 5-24 Vac (not TTL compatible). Although the connector is a 50-pin header, it maps directly to a 37-pin through the BP40-37 for customers who want to maintain a strict CIO-PDISO8 configuration.Software SupportThe CIO-PDISO16 is supplied with InstaCal software for configuration and testing. In addition, it is also supported by the optional Universal Library. The Universal Library is aset of I/O libraries and drivers for users creating their own custom programs. The Universal Library is compatible with most DOS and Windows (16-bit and 32-bit) based languages (DLL and VXD) and supports the entire CIO family of boards. An optional driver for LabVIEW is also available. Icon driven control programs such as LabtechNotebook, Labtech Control and Dasylab support the CIO-PDISO16.SpecificationsRELAY OUTPUTSQuantity: 16 total; 10 are Form C and 6 are Form A normally open Contact Rating: 28 Vdc @ 6 A, 120Vac @ 5 AContact Type: Gold overlay silverContact Resistance: 100 ΜΩmax Operating Time: 20 msec Release Time: 10 msecLife: 10 million operations, minimum ISOLATED INPUTSQuantity: 16 Opto-isolated,non-polarized. Not TTL compatible Isolation: 500 V channel-to-channel and channel-to-groundInput Range: 5 to 24 Vdc or 5 to 24 Vac 50 to 1000Hz Input Impedance: 470 Ωmin Response Time: 20 μs without filter, 1 ms with filterCIO-PDISO16Electromechanical Relay Output and Isolated Input Plug-In Board for PC ISA BusOMEGACARE SM extended warranty is available for models shown on this page. Ask your sales representative for full details when placing order.Ordering Example: CIO-PDISO16, CIO-MINI50 screw terminal panel, C50FF-2 cable,OMEGACARE SM 1 year extended warranty for CIO-PDISO16 (adds 1 year to standard 3year warranty)and UNIV-DRVR Universal Library: $549 + 69 + 25 + 29 + 49 =$722.CANADA www.omega.ca Laval(Quebec) 1-800-TC-OMEGA UNITED KINGDOM www. Manchester, England0800-488-488GERMANY www.omega.deDeckenpfronn, Germany************FRANCE www.omega.frGuyancourt, France088-466-342BENELUX www.omega.nl Amstelveen, NL 0800-099-33-44UNITED STATES 1-800-TC-OMEGA Stamford, CT.CZECH REPUBLIC www.omegaeng.cz Karviná, Czech Republic596-311-899TemperatureCalibrators, Connectors, General Test and MeasurementInstruments, Glass Bulb Thermometers, Handheld Instruments for Temperature Measurement, Ice Point References,Indicating Labels, Crayons, Cements and Lacquers, Infrared Temperature Measurement Instruments, Recorders Relative Humidity Measurement Instruments, RTD Probes, Elements and Assemblies, Temperature & Process Meters, Timers and Counters, Temperature and Process Controllers and Power Switching Devices, Thermistor Elements, Probes andAssemblies,Thermocouples Thermowells and Head and Well Assemblies, Transmitters, WirePressure, Strain and ForceDisplacement Transducers, Dynamic Measurement Force Sensors, Instrumentation for Pressure and Strain Measurements, Load Cells, Pressure Gauges, PressureReference Section, Pressure Switches, Pressure Transducers, Proximity Transducers, Regulators,Strain Gages, Torque Transducers, ValvespH and ConductivityConductivity Instrumentation, Dissolved OxygenInstrumentation, Environmental Instrumentation, pH Electrodes and Instruments, Water and Soil Analysis InstrumentationHeatersBand Heaters, Cartridge Heaters, Circulation Heaters, Comfort Heaters, Controllers, Meters and SwitchingDevices, Flexible Heaters, General Test and Measurement Instruments, Heater Hook-up Wire, Heating Cable Systems, Immersion Heaters, Process Air and Duct, Heaters, Radiant Heaters, Strip Heaters, Tubular HeatersFlow and LevelAir Velocity Indicators, Doppler Flowmeters, LevelMeasurement, Magnetic Flowmeters, Mass Flowmeters,Pitot Tubes, Pumps, Rotameters, Turbine and Paddle Wheel Flowmeters, Ultrasonic Flowmeters, Valves, Variable Area Flowmeters, Vortex Shedding FlowmetersData AcquisitionAuto-Dialers and Alarm Monitoring Systems, Communication Products and Converters, Data Acquisition and Analysis Software, Data LoggersPlug-in Cards, Signal Conditioners, USB, RS232, RS485 and Parallel Port Data Acquisition Systems, Wireless Transmitters and Receivers。
机器人标准体系国内外对比研究
Comparative Research on Robot Standard System at Domestic and AbroadWANG Yu ，XU Yue ，XING Chao-chao（China Automotive Technology and Research Center <Tianjin>Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300300，China ）Abstract ：Firstly ，this article explains the necessity and importance of the robot standard system ，using Verman's 3D system framework to complete and build the robot standard system framework ，which increases the standard capacity ，which can accurately locate robots standards.Secondly ，further analyzed the standardization organization of international and domestic robot standardization organizations and robot standardization.Thirdly ，compared and analyzed the shortcomings of our robot standard system ，and proposed relevant measures.This research will help accelerate the pace of our robot standard formulation and revision ，and help the industry's health and continuous development.Key words ：robot ；Verman 3D structure model ；standardization organization ；standard system ；domestic and foreign comparison机器人标准体系国内外对比研究王雨，徐月，邢超超（中汽研汽车检验中心<天津>有限公司,天津300300）【摘要】首先，阐述了机器人标准化的必要性与重要性，并运用魏尔曼三维体系框架的思想搭建了机器人标准体系框架，该体系提升了标准容量，能够准确定位机器人相关标准；其次，进一步分析了国内外机器人标准化组织及机器人标准化现状；最后，对比分析了我国机器人标准体系存在的不足，并提出了相关举措。