职称英语理工类教材变动情况完整详细版修订稿

职称英语理工类教材变动情况完整详细版 Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】2015年职称英语理工类新增文章plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.必不可少的科学过程地球上所有的生命取决于绿色植物。

利用阳光,植物生产自己的食物。

然后动物饲料的植物。

他们在植物营养和存储。

但这还不是全部。

阳光也有助于植物产生氧气。

一些工厂使用的氧气,但比它使用植物通常会产生更多的氧气。

多余的氧气是动物和其他生物生存所必需的。

改变光成食物和氧气的过程称为光合作用。

除了来自太阳的光能量,植物也使用水和二氧化碳。

植物通过根的水。

二氧化碳通过微小的开口气孔进入叶子。

二氧化碳前往叶绿体,特殊的细胞在绿色植物的尸体。

这是光合作用发生的地方。

叶绿体含有叶绿素,植物的绿色。

叶绿素分子捕获光的能量。

困光能量的变化水和二氧化碳制造氧气和一个简单的糖就是葡萄糖。

二氧化碳和氧气进入和气孔。

气孔的水蒸气也移动了。

超过90%的水植物需要通过根部从气孔。

在白天,大多数植物的气孔开放。

这允许二氧化碳进入叶片进行光合作用。

随着夜幕的降临,二氧化碳是不需要。

大多数植物的气孔关闭。

水损失停止。

如果光合作用停止,会有小食品或其他有机物质在地球上。

大多数生物将消失。

地球的大气层将不再含有氧气。

光合作用是地球上的生命所必需的。

词汇：nutrient n.营养物organism n.生物体，有机体carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳chloroplast n.叶绿体molecule n.分子vapor n.水蒸气oxygen n.氧气photosynthesis n.光合作用chlorophyll n.叶绿素glucose n.葡萄糖cease v.停止注释：1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。

练习：1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” meansA heavy.B extra.C green.D liquid.2．Which of the following does not move through a plant’s stomata?A Carbon dioxide.B Water vapor.C Oxygen.D Food.3．In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers toA photosynthesis.B the formation of glucose.C global warming.D water getting to the roots of plants.4．This passage is primarily developed byA explaining a process.B telling a story.C comparing and contrasting.D convincing the reader of plants’ importance.5．Another good title for this passage would beA Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.B Plants and Their Roots.C How Photosynthesis Works.D Why Our Earth Needs Water.答案与题解：1．B 前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。

excess在句中的意思是“超额的”，与extra“额外的”意思相近。

2．D 从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是food“养分、食物”，因此该题选D项。

3．A 文章通篇都在讲Photosynthesis，即光合作颂钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet，因此选A项。

B项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D项则毫不相干。

4．A 文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，因此整个逻辑应该是解释过程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。

D项是“向读者说明植物的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组织方式。

5．C 文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项C。

A、B项在文中有提及，但不是主旨，D项与本文无关。

补全短文第五篇 A Record-Breaking RoverNASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. ___ Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.___On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.___ He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,California.___ “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”OPPORTUNITYThe solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed onMars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. __ The objectiveof the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.___ Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few monthsafter it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. ___ It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.___MARATHON ROVERThe rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. ___ Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.___ Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.一个破纪录的探测器美国宇航局的火星探测器“机遇号”大胆地走了,没有探测器已经在最小的距离。