英语国家概况(课后问答题)

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(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)

第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英语国家概况课后questions答案

第一单元;1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was madeup of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia,the ferocious V ikings, threatened Britain's shores…．2. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks someof the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.第二单元;3、what do you think should be the right solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?（Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and theBallot Box".）The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legit imacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.第三单元;4、What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?There are some characters in the Britain Constitutional Monarchy:1. The monarch is primarily to symbolize the traditional and unity of the British state. The Queen reigns but does not rule. And she is legally head of the executive and judiciary branches, an integral part of the legislature, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Church of England2. Parliament becomes the country authority centre, which have right to pass laws, bills and acts of Parliament, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government and so on.3. The king must believe in Established Church (being that person succeeds tothe throne not to be that Prod), catholic or same catholic get married.Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were an executive monarch, which means thatthey had he right make and pass legislation. But even in early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance with the law and take into account the will of the paper. Withthe signing Magna Charta i n 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the Crown.In 17th century,the Stuart kings propagated the theory of the divine right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led tocivil war in the second half of the 17th century. In 1688-1689 Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights, which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament. The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed in the 18th and 19th centuries,as day-to-day power came to be exercised by Ministers in Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.第四单元：5、How are people in the UK divided into different classes? What are some of the main features in the division? Is the class system similar with the United States?(1)The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.The different idea of class is related to the group or class. Upper class , middle class, lower class. People in the UK divided into different classes also according to their jobs.(2) The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.The people of different classes have different levels of income, the education they get is totally different.(3)The answer to the last question is “no”. British class system is not so similar to the U.S. Which marks British class system different from the American, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.第五单元：6.What are the three main areas in national ecnomies？Describe the development of each of the three areas in the UK economy.（1）National economies can be broken down into three main areas：primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining,Second-ary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary produets;And tertiary industuies often described as services, such as banking, insuranc, tourism, andthe selling of goods.(2)Britan’s agricultural sector is small（producing 1.4%of the national wealth）but efficient, producing 58% of the UK’s food needs with only 2%of its workforce. Three quarters of Britain’s land is used for agriculture. with about a quarter of that under crops-wheat and barley are the two commmnests. The rest is grazing for animals, including cattle.The fishing industy provides 55%ofthe UK demand for fish.In the secondary sector of the economy. manufacturing industry remains important, producing 22% of national wealth.British companies are are active in all major fields of manufacturing industry, but are particulary strong in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, aerospace and food drink.第六单元：7、What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world aboutthem drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.第七单元：8、What are the purposes o f the British education system? W hat are the main purpose of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?British;To develop students? creativity and imaginationTo have better communication skills to getting along with different peopleTo have various knowledge about life and nature which is out of textbooksTo be not so good at controlling knowledge—— especially the accounting ability aboutfiguresChina；To pass the examsTo let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make lifeTo get a good job and make moneyTo be able to cope with life on the wholeTo improve students? qualityCompulsory ——(1)Both the UK and China have compulsory education.(2)The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They bothhave primary schooling, secondary and university education.(3)Both countries have vocational schools providing study and training for thosewho want to follow a certain career instead of seeking university education. differences——Chinese Education System and Western Education System have their own advantages and disadvantages. Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledgewhereas Western thinks highly of creativeness.Teaching Philosophy (1)the main concept of education(2)In Britain,education aims to develop individual abilities.But in China, we always kill students? ability of creationand imagination to some degree.T eaching Method(1)In Britain, thei r homework doesn?t have a unified rightanswer. If the answers given by students are reasonable,marks will be given. while in China, the knowledge welearn most have little relationship with our own life, they,remore basic courses .第八单元8、Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the sameworries about the Soviet Union.Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.第九单元9、The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?C omparison between British Media and Chinese Media(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. Thethird most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio,an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2) similarities: Firstly, like British Media, the role that Chinese Media plays has becomemore and more important.Secondly, both the two media have some organizations which aredominant and influential.Thirdly, British Media and Chinese Media are accelerating integration ofthe traditional media and IT.Differences: Paper media in the UK is still a huge industry no matter at present or infuture. But in China, more and more people begin to rely on Internetand hanging around online even with nothing at all to do.In addition, British Media has more freedom than their Chinesecolleagues to criticize politic.第十单元10、How do the British celebrate this holiday? In what way does thisholiday and the ways of celebration in British reflect W estern culturaltradition in general and British traditions in particular?(1)Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts andChristmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaceswith coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.(2)第十一单元11、Discuss the features of the Celts and their influence on Ireland.Tribe: Celts consisted of a patchwork of tribal areas , each with its own king .Classifications of Celtic language:Proto-Celtic divided into foursub-families .Gaulish ,Hispano-Celtic ,Brythonic ,Goidelic Religion :The Celts believed in many gods and goddessesAfter LifeThe Celts believed that the human soul had an afterlife, so when aperson died they were buried with many things they would need for theafter life.House :They lived in round houses with thatched roofs of straw or heather .Cloth:'The way they dress is astonishingThe influence on Ireland:Irish culture came from Celtics culture, including languages,costumes, dancing , instruments and so onIrish dress mainly is lattice costumes(格子服装), for women, is linen skirt（麻布裙子）, which is made by Irish traditional manual cloth.As forman, their folk dress is skirt.Languages:All the legacies of the Celts, it is their language thathas proved the most lastingIrish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland (the second being English)With the language, the Celts brought an instrument of social and cultural unity to the island, which transcended political and social divisionIrish tap dance（踢踏舞）is enthusiastic and jazzy, and its melody is verybeautifulwhat are the unique features of the Australian continentIsolated from other major land masses, Australia?s distinctive flora and fauna evolvedthrough its long period as an island continent.。

英语国家概况课后题

英语国家概况课后题1. What are the four main English-speaking countries?The four main English-speaking countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.2. What is the official language of the United States?The official language of the United States is English.3. What is the official language of the United Kingdom?The official language of the United Kingdom is English.4. What is the official language of Canada?Canada is officially bilingual, with English and French being the two official languages.5. What is the official language of Australia?The official language of Australia is English.6. Which country has the largest English-speaking population? The United States has the largest English-speaking population.7. Which country has the second largest English-speaking population?India has the second largest English-speaking population.8. Which country has English as a second language?Many countries have English as a second language, including countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe.9. Which country has the highest English proficiency?According to the EF English Proficiency Index, the Netherlands has the highest English proficiency among non-native English-speaking countries.10. Can you name some other English-speaking countries?Some other English-speaking countries include New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, Singapore, and Malta.。

英语国家概况复习题答案

英语国家概况复习题答案
1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：伦敦。

2. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。

3. 加拿大的首都是哪里？
答案：渥太华。

4. 澳大利亚的货币单位是什么？
答案：澳元。

5. 新西兰的国旗上有哪些颜色？
答案：蓝色、红色和白色。

6. 英国的全称是什么？
答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

7. 美国的独立日是哪一天？
答案：7月4日。

8. 加拿大的官方语言有哪些？
答案：英语和法语。

9. 澳大利亚最大的城市是哪个？
答案：悉尼。

10. 新西兰的首都是哪里？
答案：惠灵顿。

11. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。

12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。

13. 加拿大的国土面积是多少？
答案：约998万平方公里。

14. 澳大利亚的国宝动物是什么？答案：袋鼠。

15. 新西兰的国花是什么？
答案：银蕨。

16. 英国的国歌是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。

17. 美国的人口数量大约是多少？答案：约3.3亿。

18. 加拿大的国花是什么？
答案：枫叶。

19. 澳大利亚的国歌是什么？
答案：《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》。

20. 新西兰的官方语言有哪些？答案：英语和毛利语。

(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)

英语国家概况答案

英语国家概况（1）（2）100问1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate this holiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocio us Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent ofthe UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. NorthernIreland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his governmentminister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.。

英语国家概况_谢福之_课后问题详解

英语国家概况（谢福之主编）课后答案一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of overmillion.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard formof .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. onefifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effortto .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme powerover the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists andParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of thecentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of thecentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between threeof the following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House ofCommons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD.supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27. has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD.multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand .A. government interventionB. nationalization ofenterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economicdevelopment31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemploymentbenefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation undercontrolC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britainand Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in thecountry.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growthsince the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD.1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educationalqualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National VocationalQualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the“Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The DailyTelegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popularamong 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soapopera48. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families travelingoverseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD.pamphlet52. is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54. is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19thcentury.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms ofNeo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56. is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S.Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H.Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD.Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico tothe south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT arelocated .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66. is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and LakeOntario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD.Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD.Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the UnitedStates, particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. SouthAmerica70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded atin .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecutionin England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD.Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functionsof a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second ContinentalCongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD.appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD.Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six,two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 yearsoldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators andrepresentatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urgeof .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD.refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. onefifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99. is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. AmericanMotors100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD.private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and businesseducationC. science and social studiesD. music and physicaleducation103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th 111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & JonathanEdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & WashingtonIrving112. is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville 117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil 120. is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD.James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.()9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.()5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.( )6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.( )7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.( )8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. )9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory. )10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,QueenElizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government. )2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.( )3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.( )6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. )7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.( )8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.( )2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. )3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.( )5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.( )6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.( )7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.( )8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.( )10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.( )Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.( )3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.( )4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.( )5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.( )6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.( )7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening. )8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper( )9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.( )10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. )Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.( )3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.( )5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.( )6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.( )7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".( )8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.( )10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.( )Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.( )2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.( )3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.( )4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.( )5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.( )6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.( )7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.( )8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.( )9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue. )10.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.( Chapter 8。

英语国家概况问答

1 .Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle? Because rolling farmlands and pastures cover the central part the island and they remain green all year around2. What percentage of people are Roman Catholics?93.1% of people are Roman Catholics.3. When and how did the partition of Ireland occur?The partition of Ireland occurred on 1921 under the Anglo Irish Treaty.4. When did Eire become the republic of Ireland?Eire became the Republic of Ireland in April 19495. How many permanent kingdoms were there on the island by the third century AD?By the third century AD there were five permanent kingdoms on the island, including Ulster, Connacht, Leinster, Meath and Munster, with a high king at Tara.6. Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control? Henry VIII was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control.7. When did Ireland establish diplomatic relations with China? Ireland established diplomatic relations with China on June 22 1972.8. When did the country get its name?The name of the country was officially changed to Ireland (Eire in Gaelic) in 1937.9. What is the Republic of Ireland also called? Which city is its capital city?The Republic of Ireland is also call Eire, its capital city is Dublin.10. What is the most significant feature of Irish landscape?The most significant feature of Irish landscape is bogs.11. What are the official languages in Ireland? Which is the first official language?The official languages in Ireland are Irish and English. Irish is the first official language.12. Which religion in Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination? The Anglican Church of England is the largest non-Catholic denomination.13. What mind became more violent in the early decades of the 20th century and climaxed in the Easter Uprising?Nationalism became stronger and even more violent in the early decades of the 20th century and climaxed in the Easter Uprising of 1916. 14. What is the full name for IRA?The full name for IRA is Irish Republican Army.15. What Treaty did British sign in 1921? What was it about?In 1921 the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The Britishgovernment agreed to organize a partition of Ireland.16. When did the Republic of Ireland become an EC member state?In 1973 the Republic of Ireland became an EC member state.17. What foreign policy has Ireland adhered to since independence? Since independence Ireland has adhered to a policy of neutrality and nonalignment.18. Who is the head of the State of Ireland?The president is the head of the State of Ireland.19. Who is the head of government?The Prime Minister is the head of government.20. What does the Irish Oireachtas consist of?The Oireachtas consists of two houses: the House of Representative and the Senate.21. What are the Ireland¡¯s main industries?Its main industries are manufacturing, mining and energy.22. What kind of language is Irish?Irish is a Celtic language.23. Who is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century?James Joyce is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.24. What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?The chief language of instruction in Ireland is English.25. How many counties does the Republic of Ireland consist of?The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 of the 32 countries of Ireland 26. Who shall appoint the prime minister in Ireland?The president shall appoint the prime minister on the nomination of the house of Representatives (Dail)27. How long do TDs and Senators serve for the members of Oireachtas every term?They serve for five years every term.28. What is the largest political party in Ireland? What does it mean? The largest political party in Ireland is Fianna Fail which means ¡°soldiers of destiny¡±.29. Is Ireland one of the leading exporters of lead an zinc in Europe? Yes. Ireland is one of the leading exporters of lead an zinc in Europe 30. How do the Irish farmers depend chiefly for their living?.The Irish farmers depend chiefly for their living on occasional cash crops and some of livestock.31. What are the two types of farming in Ireland?They are arable farming and stock farming.32. How many periods do the Irish have in history? What are they? Irish or Irish Gaelic is a Celtic language. Its history has three periods: Old Irish, Middle Irish and Modern Irish.33. Who presides over the high court?Normally a judge sitting with a jury of 12 presides over the high court.34. Who are recognized as major figures in world literature in the 20th century?James Joyce and Samuel Beckett are recognized as major figures in world literature in tÃÀ¹ú1.Which state is separated by Canada form the main land?Alaska is separated from the main land by Canada.2. What is the other name of Eskimos?Eskimos are also called Inuit.3. What is the largest active volcano in the world?Mauna Loa is the world¡¯s largest active volcano, which is located on Hawaii.4. How is the West divided?The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain Basin and Plateau.5. Where is the birthplace of America?New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the Northeast, including Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut .7. Where is the Hoover Dam located?The Hoover Dam is built on the border between Nevada and Arizona and it is one of the biggest dams in the U.S.8. What are the names of the capital of Hawaii and Alaska respectively? Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.9. What is the Rockies also called?The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.10. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area?The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.11. What is the other major mountain range in the U.S. besides the Rocky Mountain range?It is the Appalachian Highlands.12. What is the Midwest famous for?The Midwest is well known for its large stretches of fertile soil.13. Which state is the smallest one in the Unites States in area? Rhode Island is the smallest state in the country.14. Where does the Mississippi rise?The Mississippi River rises in the lake region in North Minnesota.15.Which two states are Geographically separated from the other 48 states?They are Alaska and Hawaii.16. Which state in America is the largest in size and which is the smallest?In America Alaska is the largest state in size and Rhode Island the smallest.17. Which mountain is the highest peak in America? Where is it? The highest mountain in America is Mount Mekinley (6,187 meters).It is the middle of the Alaska Range.18. What are the two tributaries of Mississippi?The two largest tributaries of Mississippi are the River Missouri and River Ohio.19. How many geographical regions are the continental states divided into?The continental states of the United States are often divided into seven geographical regions.20. Why is New England called the birthplace of America?New England is called the birthplace of America because it was the chief centre of the American War of Independence of 1776 and was also the national¡¯s first industrial area.21. Which city is the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes? Chicago is the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes.22. What is the leading commercial crop of the South?The leading commercial crop of the South is cotton.23. Which city has been called the steel city of the West?Colorado has been called the steel city of the West.24. Why has Florida become one of the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years?Because of its attractiveness both as a place to retire and as a convenient place for business with and travel to Central and South America.25. When did the largest immigration movement begin?The largest immigration began form 181526. How many great population movement are there in the history of the U.S.?There are four great population movements.27. What are the three groups of Hispanics?They are the Mexican-Americans (Chicanos) , the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.28. What are the major racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.? They are black Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans and American Indians.29. When did the ¡°Baby Boom¡± occur?It occurred between 1946 and 1966.30. Which are the five biggest cities in the U.S. in terms of population? They are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Philadelphia.31. What is the population of the United States in 1997?The population of the United States is about 267 million in 1997.32. Who were indentured servants?Indentured servants refer to the poor immigrants who had to work for fixed term for their masters to repay the cross-Atlantic fare and debts.33. Why are the people moving so often in the United States?The people are moving so often in the United States because they want to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals.34. What are the two novels giving a vivid description about the miserable life of the black slaves?¡°Uncle Tom¡¯s Cabin¡± and ¡°Roots¡± are two novels giving a vivid description about the miserable life of the black slaves.35. Why were 1.5 million Irishmen driven to the United States in the decade of 1845-1854?They were driven to the United States by English oppression and the Potato Famine.36. Where did a large number of people move to in the last great population movement?In the last great population movement, a large number of people moved to the sunbelt areas.37. What are the fist tow largest groups of the Asian-Americans? The first two largest groups of the Asian-Americans are the Chinese American and the Japanese-Americans.38. What does WASP stand for?WASP stands for white Anglo-Saxon Protestants.39. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States?Many Puerto Ricans go to the United States for better job opportunities.40. Give an example to show the awakening of the American Indians. Many American Indians are taking legal steps to demand compensation for land and resources grabbed from them illegally.41. When was the Thirteenth Amendment added to the Constitution? The Thirteen Amendment, which banned slavery ,was added to the Constitution in December 1865.42. How did Mexico join the U.S.?In the Gadsden Purchase, 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S. in 1853.43. When and how did the U.S become independent?In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, Britain recognized the independence of the United States.44. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive?The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest.45. When did the War of Independence start?It started when clashes took place at Concord and Lexington.46. What was the Compromise of 1850?The Compromise of 1850 was an agreement, which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate.47. When did the first American general election hold?The first American general election was held towards the end of 1788.48. When was the American Constitution first ratified?The American Constitution was first ratified by the State of Delaware in December 1787.49. What was the turning point of the CivilWar?The Gettysburg Victory was the turning point of the Civil War.50. Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? He issued the Emancipation Proclamation for the purpose of winning support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just waragainst slavery.51. How many people were died in the Civil war?The Civil War cost American 618,000 lives.52. What was the strong trend in the American economy at the end of the 19th century?The trend was the monopoly by big business.53. When did Christopher Columbus discover the North America? Christopher Columbus discovered the North America in the year 1492.54. What were the differences between the Puritans and the Pilgrims? The Puritans were wealthy, well educated gentlemen, but Pilgrim were mostly poor, laboring people.55. When and where was the First Continental Congress held?In September 1774, the Fist Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia.56. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation? The chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that it failed to set up a government that could function,57. Who became known as the Anti-federalists?Those people who opposed the Constitution of 1787 became known as the Anti-federalists.58. What did the United States win as a result of the U.S. Mexican War? As a result of the U.S. Mexican War the United States won California and New Mexico.59. What did ¡°Manifest Destiny¡± introduced by John L. O¡¯Sullivan mean?¡°Manifest Destiny¡±, introduced by John L. O¡¯Sullivan in the 1840¡¯s, meant that outward movement was inevitable, that the United States was driven on by a divine force that should not be denied.60. What was the direct cause of the outbreak of the Civil War?The direct cause of outbreak of Civil War was that the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but President Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union.61. Who contributed to the government regulation of economic development pushed by the Progressive Movement?Pushed by the Progressive Movement, President Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson contributed to the government regulation of economic development.62. When did the U.S. government declare war on Germany?The U.S. government declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.63. What was the result of the Paris Conference?The result of the Paris Conference was the emergence of the Versailles Treaty System in Europe and later the Washington System in Asia supplemented it.64. Which day was the Black Thursday?The Black Thursday referred to October 24, 1929.65. What was the aim of the New Deal?The aim of the New Deal, as President Roosevelt put it, was to save American democracy.66. What was the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist.67. What was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U.S.?The stock market crash was the beginning of the long economic depression.68. What was the meaning of overlord?Overlord was a code name for the allied landing at Normandy, France, in May 1944.69. What was Red Scare?Red Scare referred to the large-scale arrests of suspected Communists and radicals between Nov.1919 and Jan.1920 by the justice Department.70. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war?The immediate causes were Germany¡¯s unlimited submarine warfare and Germany¡¯s attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States.71. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in W W II?The first was to win the war; the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership.72. What is Tariff Protection?Tariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.73. Which policy did the U.S. pursue during the WWI?During the WWI the U.S. pursued a policy of pro-Ally partiality.74. Who controlled more than a third of the country¡¯s railroads by 1900?By 1900, J. P. Morgan controlled more than a third of the country¡¯s railroads.75. How much of the country¡¯s steel production did the United States Steel Corporation control in 1901?In 1901 the United States Steel Corporation controlled three fifths of the country¡¯s steel production.76. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?The basic demand of the Progressive Movement was government regulation of the economy and social conditions.77. What were the main causes of the First World War?The causes of WWI were the fierce struggle between two imperialist power groups for colonies, markets and sphere of influence, and an intense arms race.78. What was the essence of the Paris Peace Conference?The essence of the Paris Peace Conference was to carve up the colonies of the defeated countries and get war compensation for the victors.79. Name the main cause of WWII.The main cause of WWII was big powers struggles for control of the world.80. What were the Axis powers in WWII made up by?The Axis powers in WWII were made up by Germany, Italy and Japan.81. What was isolationism in America history?Isolationism was the American foreign policy in the early 1930s. It tried to keep the United States out of the fighting that was going on in Europe and Asia.83. What characteristics did President Franklin D. Roosevelt possess? He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and he was great communicator.84. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.85. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948?The cause was that the Soviet Union cut off western routes to West Berlin.86. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones?It pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they grateful for American airlifts.87. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communiqu¨¦?The Shanghai Communiqu¨¦ was the key thing in American commitment to One-China policy.88. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?The Act outlawed racial discrimination in housing and employment.89. What caused the conflicts between the U.S. and the Soviet Union? The conflicts between them arose basically from their separate concepts of postwar world order.ÃÀ¹ú²¿·Ö290. What was the theory that the Soviet Union put forward after the WWII ended in September 1945?The theory was that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and Soviet Union should rapidly built up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the U.S. and UK.91. What was the American policy towards the Soviet Union?In 1989 ¡°a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies¡± became the U.S. policy towards theSoviet Union.92. What and when ended segregation in public transportation in Alabama? In Dec. 1956, the Supreme Court declared Alabama¡¯s segregation laws unconstitutional.93. What was the beginning of American involvement in Vietnam?The beginning was that Truman sent military aid to Vietnam support the French in their fight with the Vietminh.94. What were the cornerstones of the economic boom of the U.S. since 1945?These cornerstones were the automobiles, housing and defense industries.95. When did the normal U.S.- China diplomatic relation established? The normal U.S.-China diplomatic relation was not established until November 1978.96. Who made the open declaration of the containment policy in 1949? President Harry Truman made the open declaration of containment policy in 1949.97. What did the ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty by the United States mark?The ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty by the United States marked the beginning of U.S. efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union.98. What measures did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis? The United States adopted a naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement and withdrawal of the missiles from Cuba.99. Which period marked the baby-boom generation the largest in the American history?The period between 1946 and 1970 marked the baby-boom generation the largest in American history, more than 63.5 million babies were born in the U.S.100. What was the War Powers Act about?The War Powers Act in 1973 was that the president had to inform Congress whenever he committed American troops overseas. After 60 days , the use of military power had to win specific congressional approval.101. What did the Chinese and American sides work out the Shanghai Communiqu¨¦?In February 1972, the Chinese and American sides worked out the Shanghai Communiqu¨¦.102. What was President Johnson noted for?President Johnson was noted for his escalation of the Vietnam War and War on Poverty at home.103. What is the significance of the Civil Rights of 1964?The Civil Rights of 1964 outlawed racial discrimination in housing and employment.104. What is the meaning of monopoly?It means that many of nation¡¯s basic industries are represented by only a few major corporations.105. What are conglomerates?Conglomerates are big companies that own several smaller business whose products and services are usually very different.106. What kind of economic system does the United States have?The United States has a system of fee-market economy with a dominant private sector.107. What are the major natural resources of the United States? Fertile soil, forest, water and various minerals are major natural resources of the U.S.108. Where are the major industries regions of the United States? They are in the Midwest round the Great Lakes, the Middle Atlantic States, the South and the Pacific Coast.109. What are the three giants in American¡¯s automobile industry? They are General Motors, Ford and Chrysler.110. Where does the Cotton Belt lie?The Cotton Belt mainly lies in the South following the Coastal Plain from Southern Virginia to Texas and parts of the southern Piedmont.111. Where does the Wheat Belt lie?The Wheat Belt is located near the Corn Belt in the Midwest.112. Where does the Dairy Belt lie?Dairy farming can be found in New England, the Midwest and the Pacific Northwest.113. Where is the Corn Belt?The Corn Belt is in the Midwest, stretching from Ohio to eastern South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas.114. Which state is the leading corn-producing state?Iowa is the leading corn-producing state.115. Which state is the leading dairy state?Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.116. Which state ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods?California ranks first among the states in the value of manufactured goods.117. What are the problems the U.S. economy has faced from time to time? They are recessions, depressions and inflation.118. What are the two kinds of business conditions in the United States? Monopoly and competition are two kinds of business conditions.119. How much cultivated land is there in the United States? How many people are engaged in farming?The cultivated land makes up 21% of the total land, people who are engaged in farming make up only 2.7% of the total population.120. What is the leading commercial crop in the South?Cotton is a leading commercial crop in the South.121. Where are many kinds of fruits and vegetables grown?Many kinds of fruits and vegetables are grown in the great central Valleyof California, and in the valleys of Washington and Oregon in the Northwest.122. Which state is second only to Wisconsin in the production of milk? New York State is second only to Wisconsin in the production of milk.123. Which city is the home of the space centre?Houston is the home of the space centre, the famous Lyndon B. Johnson Space Centre, which trains astronauts and directs the nation¡¯s space flights.124. What is Los Angeles noted for?Los Angeles is the Pacific Coast¡¯s largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the United States.125. What is pardon?Pardon means the granting of a release from the punishment or local consequences of a crime and the president can grant a pardon before or after a conviction.126. What does the federal system consist of?The federal system consists of two layers of rule. They are central or federal government and state and local government.127. What role has the constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of government institutions and for political stability, economic growth and social progresses in the United States.128. What are the three branches of the government?They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial.129. What judicial power does the President have according to the Constitution?He has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.130. What are the two special powers of the Senate?One is to confirm presidential appointments and the other is to ratify treaties by a two-thirds vote.131. What is the difference between the compositions of two chambers of Congress?The Senate is composed of two members from each state, with a totalnumber of 100 while membership in the House of Representatives is based on population.132. What is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution?The Bill of Right is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.133. What is the highest duty of the President?His highest duty is the execution or carrying out of the law.134. Which kind of bills must first come from the House of Representatives?Revenue bills must first come from the House of Representatives.135. How long is the senatorial term?The senatorial term is six years.136. How many delegates took part in the Second Continental Congress? There were 55 delegates of the Second Continental Congress were from all the states, except Rhode Island.137. What important thing did the Articles of Confederation do?The Articles of Confederation did one important thing: they formed a new nation - the United States.138. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?The weaknesses were the following: Congress had no power to tax, could not control trade between the states and no way of enforcing its law. The was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system.139. Who is the President of the Senate?The president of the Senate is Vice President.140. Who is the presiding officer of the House of the Representatives? The Speaker is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives.141. What is the present structure of the U.S. judicial system?The present structure of the U.S. judicial system is the Supreme Court,11 courts of appeals, 91district courts, and three courts of special jurisdiction.142. What are the two major parties in the United States?They are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.143. Whom does the Constitution allow to give reprieves and pardons? The Constitution allows the President to give reprieves and pardons.144. Which state has only one operation local public school district? Hawaii has only one operating public school district.145. Why is education very important to Americans?Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.146. What were the two focuses of the American educational reforms in the mid-1980s?They were the rising of the standards of teaching and learning and the restructuring of the schools.147. What does formal education in the U.S. consist of?Formal education consists of elementary, secondary and higher education.148. Where does the financial support for private schools come from? The support mainly comes from private sources and student tuition fees.149. How are the high schools in U.S. made up?High schools are made up of academic schools, comprehensive schools and vocational and technical schools.150. How many public elementary and secondary schools are there in the U.S.?There are about 79,000 public and secondary schools in the U.S.151. What are the three principal functions of the system of higher education in the U.S.?They are teaching, research, public service.152. What is the guiding principle of community college?The principle is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for recognition of individual differences.153. What kinds of degree can be offered by community college? Community college offers bachelor and associate degree.。

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英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geograpical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales 3. What is the official name of Great Britain？The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.) 9 What was William I’s policytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted? ( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was theonly part of France that was still in thehands of English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the two countriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly 30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome of theEnglish Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’s religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege andwealth of the clergy were also resented;and Henry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage, sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods affect lives of millions in the18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)20 Why was Mrs. Thatcher removedfrom office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition ofan extremely unpopular flatrate ‘polltax’ in place of property taxes to payfor local government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests? What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘ t o seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)23 Why was Britain known as thefactory of the world in the mid-19thcentury?(Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the UK consist of ? (651Members of Parliament)26 What does the British Parliament consist of ?(It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons) 27 What did the term ‘parliament’ originally mean?( It originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion)28 Where does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?(It takes place at Westminster Abbey in London)29Where does the Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties come from?( The Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments)30 How is the British House of Commons elected?The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage.31 What is a ‘shadow cabinet’ in Britain?( The party which wins the second largest number of seats in parliament becomes the Official Opposition and it forms its own ‘cabinet’ known as ‘shadow cabinet’32 What are the three main Christian festivals in Britain?(The three main Christian festivals in Britain are Christams. Easter, and Whit Sunday.) 33 Who is directly responsible for theNHS in Britain?(Central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS in Britain)34 What are the two establishedchurches in Britain?(They are the Church of England andthe Church of Scotland in Scotland)35 How many provinces does theChurch of England have?(The Church of England has twoprovinces: Canterbury and York)36What is the National Day inBritain?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)37 What does ‘Oxbridge’ refer to inGreat Britain?(It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)38 What kind of schools are theindependent schools in Britain?(The independent schools are thosesupported entirely by fees and privatefuns)39What are the three groups ofnation newspapers?(They are quality, popular andmid-market papers.)40 Which religion in Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination?(The Anglican Church of Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination.)41 What was the consequence of theAnglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?(Violent opposition to the treaty byultranationalists led to a civil war.)42 What was the result of growingIrish nationalism in the earlydecades of the 20th century?(Irish nationalism became stronger andeven more violent in the early decadesof the 20th century and climaxed in theEastern Uprising of 1916 in which anIrish Republic was proclaimed.)43 Wht happened after the Englishking was declared the head of theChurch of Ireland replaceing thePope?(There followed centuries of religiousas well as political persecution, whichhelped to strengthen and deepenIreland’s Catholic spirit.)第二部分美国部分1What are the two novels giving avivid description of the miserable lifeof the black slaves?(Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots)2 What is the reason for the growthof population in Florida?(Florida’s population growth owesmuch to its attractiveness both as aplace to retire and as a convenientplace for business with and travel toCentral and South America)3 When did the higher birth rateappear in the United States?(The birth rate appeared during ‘thebaby boom’[1946-1964])4 When was the Declaration ofIndependence adopted?(It was adopted on July4,1776)5Please write any three of the 13colonies the British established alongthe east coast of North Americabetween 1607 and 1733.(Virginia,Maine, New Hampshire)6What are the implications of the‘Manifest Destiny’?The implications of ‘manifest Destiny’are three fold(1)the inevitability of thefounding of the United States ofAmerica; (2)the legitimacy of theexpansion of America Territory; (3) thespread of American democracy beingthe task of American people who werecholsen to do the Lord’s work.7 What were the two seriousweaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;(2)Congress was too large a body to function as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes. 8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development? They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.10What does the American War of Independence show?The American War of Independence shows that in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one.11 what was the policy of the British government for the 13 colonies in North America?The policy of the British government for the 13 American colonies was to bring their development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.12 What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?The American foreign policy was isolationist in the early 1930s.13 Name three examples of intolerant nationalism in the US in the 1920s.The Red Scare in 1919and 1920, the death sentence of Sacco and Vanzetti, and the revival and growth of the KU Klus Klan. 14 What were the immediate causesthat led the United States into theFirst World War?The immediate causes were Germany’sunlimited submarine warfare andGermany’s attempt to get Mexico intothe war against the United States.15 What caused the Second WorldWar?The Second World War was the resultof struggle between the great powersfor control of the world and militaryexpansion of the countries of NaziGermany, Fascist Italy and militaristJapan.16 What were American wartimeobjectives during the Second WorldWar?American wartime objectives werethe total destruction of the Axis powersand the establishment of a world orderafter unconditional victory in accordwith American ideals and interests.17 What was the policy pursued bythe American government at thebeginning of World WarI ?The Amercan government declaredneutrality but the policy it pursued wasa policy of pro-Ally partiality.18 What were the three cornerstonesof American postwar economicboom?They were the automobile , housing,and defense industries.19 What was the most importantdocument produced between Chinaand the United States when PresidentNixon visited China in 1972?It was the Shanghai Communique.20 What was the theory put forwardby the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peacefulco-existence between socialism andcapitalism.21 What measures did the UnitedStates take in the Cuban MissileCrisis?The United States adopted a navalblockade around Cuba and demandedthe dismantlement and withdrawal ofthe missile from Cuba.22 What are Conglomerates in theUSA ?Conglomerates are big companies thatown several smaller businesses whoseproducts and services are usually verydifferent.23 What does IBM stand for?It stands for International BusinessMachine.24 What’s the most central functionof the Congress in the United States?The most central funcation of USCongress is the passage of laws.25 What are the two major partiesthat dominate American politics atthe federal , state and local levels?They are the Democrats and theRepublicans.26 What are the three branches inthe US federal government ?They are the legislative, the executiveand the judicial branches.27 What is known as the‘winner-take-all’ system?The presidential candidate with thehighest number of votes in each statewins all the electoral votes of that state.28 What mechanism did the writersof the Constitution introduce toprovide sageguards?They introduced the mechanism ofseparation of powers and checks andbalances.29 Who is the President of theSenate?The President of the Senate is VicePresident.30 What are the pincipal functions of American higher education?The principal functions are teaching, research and public service.31 What is the outstanding characteristic of American education ?Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.32 What is the difference between an academic high school and a technical school?An academic high school only aims to prepare students for college while a technical school provides students for a variety of occupations and vocations.33 Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state has the freedom to develop as extensive or limited a school system as it desires, and delegate its power over education to local districts to the extent it wishes. 34 According to the 1994 Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, there are different kinds of institutions of higher education in America. What are the major kinds of them?The major kinds of the institutions of higher education in America are research universities, doctoral universities, master’s comprehensive colleges and universities, liberal arts colleges, junior colleges and speacialized institutions.35 What is the general view of the American on education?They regard education as both an individual benefit and a social neccessity.36 Who were the writers of the first American writings?They were the first settlers in Englishcolonies.37 Why did Hawthorne attacktranscendentalism?Because transcedentalism glorifiedabsolute individualism with no regardfor any social impact.38 What did Mark Twain want toshow in The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn?He wanted to show the basic goodnessand wisdom of ordinary people anddescribe the social life of Americanpeople.39 What is Harlem Renaissance?Black Literature is an important partof American Literature. In 1920, BlackLiterature developed into an upsurgewhich has come to be known as theHarlem Renaissance.40 Name two of Theodore Dreiser’snovels?Sister Carrie; An American Tragedy.41 What did the writers of the firstAmerican writings write about?They wrote about their voyages to thenew land, about adapting themselves tounfamiliar climates and crops.42 Which speech given by Emersonin 1837 was considered theintellectual Declaration ofIndependence?The speech of ‘The AmericanScholar’ given by Emerson in 1837was considered the intellectualDeclaration of Independence.42 Why were American childrenawarded he 1936 Nobel Peace Prize?Because more and more children haveasked pennies instead of candies forUNIGEF to help children in othercountries.43 When is ‘Trick or treat’playedand what does it mean?It is in Halloween. It means that giveme something nice, or I’ll play a trickon you.44 What is the legal holiday observedannually in the US on the fourthThursday of November ?Thanksgiving Day.45 What do universities usually do tocelebrated the Valentine’s Day?Universities usually hold aSweethearts’ Ball for the youngstudents to celebrate the Valentine’sDay.第三部分加拿大，澳大利亚,新西兰46 What is the largest city ofCanada?In Canada, Toronto is the largest city.47 When was the Canadian PacificRailway completed?It was completed in 1885.48 Who founded the first permanentsettlement at Quebec in 1608?Samuel de Champlain.49 What was the most importantevent that took place in Canadaunder Sir John Macdonald?In 1869, under Sir John Macdonald,Canada bought from the Hudson’s BayCompany the vast middle west fromwhich the provice of Manitoba, andlater other prairie provinces andnorthern territories were formed.50Which system made the greaterchange in Candadian immigrationpolicy in 1967？The greater change in Canadianimmigration policy in 1967 was theintroduction of point system.51What is the mother tongue of themajority of those who speak bothEnglish and French in Canada?French52 Who are the native people livingin Australia? They are the Aboriginals.53 What is ‘urban sprawl’?The term urban sprawl is used to describe a city that has grown over a large area of land.54 What is Australia popularly known as in the West?It is popularly known as ‘the Land Down Under’55 What does the Outback refer to in Australia?In Australia, the Outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.56 Why are there so few people in Australia?Because most of the continent is hot and dry.57 Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia? Great Britain has had the greatest influence upon Australia because Australia was settled as a British colony.58 What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and to beoften windy?Partly because New Zealand is an island in southern latitudes, it has changeable weather and it is often windy.59 What are the two largest North Island rivers in New Zealand?They are the Waikato and the Wanganui.60 How could you describe the climate in New Zealand?The climate of New Zealand is generally temperate, but because the country runs northsouth, the climate is varied.。