英语国家概况(课后问答题).docx
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英语国家概况课后questions答案
第一单元;1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was madeup of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia,the ferocious V ikings, threatened Britain's shores…．2. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks someof the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.第二单元;3、what do you think should be the right solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?（Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and theBallot Box".）The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legit imacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.第三单元;4、What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?There are some characters in the Britain Constitutional Monarchy:1. The monarch is primarily to symbolize the traditional and unity of the British state. The Queen reigns but does not rule. And she is legally head of the executive and judiciary branches, an integral part of the legislature, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Church of England2. Parliament becomes the country authority centre, which have right to pass laws, bills and acts of Parliament, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government and so on.3. The king must believe in Established Church (being that person succeeds tothe throne not to be that Prod), catholic or same catholic get married.Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were an executive monarch, which means thatthey had he right make and pass legislation. But even in early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance with the law and take into account the will of the paper. Withthe signing Magna Charta i n 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the Crown.In 17th century,the Stuart kings propagated the theory of the divine right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led tocivil war in the second half of the 17th century. In 1688-1689 Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights, which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament. The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed in the 18th and 19th centuries,as day-to-day power came to be exercised by Ministers in Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.第四单元：5、How are people in the UK divided into different classes? What are some of the main features in the division? Is the class system similar with the United States?(1)The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.The different idea of class is related to the group or class. Upper class , middle class, lower class. People in the UK divided into different classes also according to their jobs.(2) The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.The people of different classes have different levels of income, the education they get is totally different.(3)The answer to the last question is “no”. British class system is not so similar to the U.S. Which marks British class system different from the American, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.第五单元：6.What are the three main areas in national ecnomies？Describe the development of each of the three areas in the UK economy.（1）National economies can be broken down into three main areas：primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining,Second-ary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary produets;And tertiary industuies often described as services, such as banking, insuranc, tourism, andthe selling of goods.(2)Britan’s agricultural sector is small（producing 1.4%of the national wealth）but efficient, producing 58% of the UK’s food needs with only 2%of its workforce. Three quarters of Britain’s land is used for agriculture. with about a quarter of that under crops-wheat and barley are the two commmnests. The rest is grazing for animals, including cattle.The fishing industy provides 55%ofthe UK demand for fish.In the secondary sector of the economy. manufacturing industry remains important, producing 22% of national wealth.British companies are are active in all major fields of manufacturing industry, but are particulary strong in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, aerospace and food drink.第六单元：7、What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world aboutthem drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.第七单元：8、What are the purposes o f the British education system? W hat are the main purpose of the Chinese education system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?British;To develop students? creativity and imaginationTo have better communication skills to getting along with different peopleTo have various knowledge about life and nature which is out of textbooksTo be not so good at controlling knowledge—— especially the accounting ability aboutfiguresChina；To pass the examsTo let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills to make lifeTo get a good job and make moneyTo be able to cope with life on the wholeTo improve students? qualityCompulsory ——(1)Both the UK and China have compulsory education.(2)The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They bothhave primary schooling, secondary and university education.(3)Both countries have vocational schools providing study and training for thosewho want to follow a certain career instead of seeking university education. differences——Chinese Education System and Western Education System have their own advantages and disadvantages. Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledgewhereas Western thinks highly of creativeness.Teaching Philosophy (1)the main concept of education(2)In Britain,education aims to develop individual abilities.But in China, we always kill students? ability of creationand imagination to some degree.T eaching Method(1)In Britain, thei r homework doesn?t have a unified rightanswer. If the answers given by students are reasonable,marks will be given. while in China, the knowledge welearn most have little relationship with our own life, they,remore basic courses .第八单元8、Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the sameworries about the Soviet Union.Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.第九单元9、The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?C omparison between British Media and Chinese Media(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. Thethird most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio,an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2) similarities: Firstly, like British Media, the role that Chinese Media plays has becomemore and more important.Secondly, both the two media have some organizations which aredominant and influential.Thirdly, British Media and Chinese Media are accelerating integration ofthe traditional media and IT.Differences: Paper media in the UK is still a huge industry no matter at present or infuture. But in China, more and more people begin to rely on Internetand hanging around online even with nothing at all to do.In addition, British Media has more freedom than their Chinesecolleagues to criticize politic.第十单元10、How do the British celebrate this holiday? In what way does thisholiday and the ways of celebration in British reflect W estern culturaltradition in general and British traditions in particular?(1)Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts andChristmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaceswith coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.(2)第十一单元11、Discuss the features of the Celts and their influence on Ireland.Tribe: Celts consisted of a patchwork of tribal areas , each with its own king .Classifications of Celtic language:Proto-Celtic divided into foursub-families .Gaulish ,Hispano-Celtic ,Brythonic ,Goidelic Religion :The Celts believed in many gods and goddessesAfter LifeThe Celts believed that the human soul had an afterlife, so when aperson died they were buried with many things they would need for theafter life.House :They lived in round houses with thatched roofs of straw or heather .Cloth:'The way they dress is astonishingThe influence on Ireland:Irish culture came from Celtics culture, including languages,costumes, dancing , instruments and so onIrish dress mainly is lattice costumes(格子服装), for women, is linen skirt（麻布裙子）, which is made by Irish traditional manual cloth.As forman, their folk dress is skirt.Languages:All the legacies of the Celts, it is their language thathas proved the most lastingIrish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland (the second being English)With the language, the Celts brought an instrument of social and cultural unity to the island, which transcended political and social divisionIrish tap dance（踢踏舞）is enthusiastic and jazzy, and its melody is verybeautifulwhat are the unique features of the Australian continentIsolated from other major land masses, Australia?s distinctive flora and fauna evolvedthrough its long period as an island continent.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)(word文档良心出品)
判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry. (F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales andflows through western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welshlanguage. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part ofBritain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northernScotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5.HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople.(F)-1453) was a series of wars fought between the7.The Hundred Years’War (1337British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working ofthe British government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth ofNations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political partiesin Parliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish economic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the oldLabor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics fromeconomic policy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the wo rld’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christiancalendar, and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T) Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country'scontinental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island , and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard fora higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was asingle, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched OperationDesert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Ladenwere responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism,the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1 ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth Chapter 2 D DCC ABAC1. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster.5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 A CDC DBAC1. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 5 DCBB CCDA1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Threethe exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgiabetween the .2.The Seven Years’ War occurredA. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians.3.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan ofA. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 10 BCBD CCDC1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 11 BCBD CCDCproducts in the following fields except 1. America produces a major portion of the world’s.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton.5.The following in ventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” exceptA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 CBBB CBBB1. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community collegesdegree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following5.To get a bachelor’sexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 1√1.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth oftrade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empireincluding about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the worldlandmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.Ⅱ?3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarBritain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocationalschools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students andprepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the lesssuccessful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering bothacademic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects likecooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses andaward their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps toshape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2population.0% of the nation’ｓ2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would lsand take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? √√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countrsecurity and interests . it began to pr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’ｓovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Jaentrance into the war.panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ｓwell-known contributions during his presidency?2.What were Nixon’ｓa) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .economic program?3.What were the contents of Reagan’ｓReagan’ｓeconomic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be elrole in the day-to-day operation of busine iminated so as to reduce the federal government’ｓss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?the other is that the power of the federal governm One is “checks and balances”，ent and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and aresident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.。
英语国家概况课后习题答案解析(完整版)
A. NormanB・ DutchC・ GermanD・ Danish
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英语国家概况ExercisesI答案.docx
Exercises IL Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in __________A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland2.The longest river in Britain is _________A.River SevernB. River ThamesC. River MerseyD. River Humber3.The largest lake in Britain is located in __________A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _________A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell5.The English people are descendants of _________A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes6.The Lake District is well-known for_・A. Its wild and beautiful scenery B・ its varied lakesC. the lake poetsD. all of above7.Which of the following is not the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. More fogs& The capital city of Wales is ________ .A. BelfastB. BirminghamC. EdinburghD. Cardiff9.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.10.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural cente匸B. The business center.C・ The financial center. D・ The sports center.IL The majority of the current population in the UK is decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT ________ .A. the AnglosB. the Celts C・(he Jutes D・ the Saxons12・ William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle ofHastings in ____ ・A. 1066B. 1086C. 1381D. 103513.Which of the following is NOT one of the Germanic tribes that came to GreatBritain in the 5th century?A. Anglos.B. Saxons.C. Jutes・D. Celts・14.On the island of Great Britain, there are _____________ .A.four political divisions: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IslandB.four political divisions: England, Scotland, Wales and IrelandC.three political divisions: England, Scotland and WalesD.three political divisions: England, Scotland and Northern Ireland15.Britain was by 1830 the "workshop of the world" because of ____________ ・A. agricultural revolutionB. industrial revolutionC・ colonial expansion D・ invention of steam engine16.Big Ben is the nickname of ____________ .A. Sir Benjamin HallB. Benjamin FranklinC. 315-foot Clock TowerD. Sir Charles Barry17.Between 1337 and 1453, the _________ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black DeathC. Hundred Years9 WarD. Peasants Uprising18.The English Civil War can also be called ___________ ・A. the War of IndependenceB. the Puritan RevolutionC. the War of RosesD. the War of Liberation19.The war between the House of Lancaster and the House of York from 1455 to 1485in Britain was termed by Walter Scott as _____________ ・A. Wars of RosesB. Hundred Years9 WarC. Indian WarD. War of Great Britain20.During the reign of ___________ , the British Empire reached its peak.A. King JohnB. Queen ElizabethC. King EdwardD. Queen Victoria21.The Irish and Scottish people are mainly descendants of the _________ .A. AnglosB. CeltsC. JutesD. Saxons22.The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____ ・A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Germanic conquerors and the Norman FrenshC.Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD.Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons23.In Britain ____ o f the population is urban and ___ is rural.A. 90%, 10%B. 80, 20%C. 70, 30%D. 60, 40% C.24.The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___ .A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons25.During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Gemanic _____ invadedand conquered Britain・A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC・ Angles and Brythons D. Angles and Saxons26.The upper class in Britain consists of all the following except __A. peerageB. Gentry C・ Landowners D. Professionals27.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or theCommonwealth of Nations in ____ .A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19502& The mountain system the Pennies is often called the backbone of ___ ・A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland29.Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT True?A. Britan^s climate is of the maritime type. B・ Summers in Britain are coolC・ Winters in Britain are extremely coldD. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter30.The average population density in Britain is ___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 50031.Roman Britain lasted until the year of ___ whe all Roman troops went back to thecountries.A. A.D. 400B. A.D.410C. A.D. 445 D. A.D. 44932.In A. D. 43 Romans under __ conquered Britain・A・ Julius Caesar B・ Claudius C・ Augustine D. The Pope33.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Romans.A. Welsh ChristianityB. The Roman RoadsC. CitiesD. Roman Settlements34.By the end of ____ century all England had been Christianized・A. 5thB. 6thC. 7thD. 8th35.Which of the following kingdoms was set up by the Jutes?A. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex36.In the late _____ century the Danes or Scandiavians began to attack the English coast.A. 9thB. 6thC. 7thD. 8th37.Edward has promised his kingdom to ________ in Normandy, but on his deathbedhe changed his idea and gave the kingdom to ________ .This led to the Norman Conquest of 1066・A. William, HaroldB. Harold, WilliamC. Metilda, Stephen C. Stephen , Metilda38.Doomsday Book was in fact a record of each man's ______ ・Al. Experience B. Behavior C. Property D. Reputation39.The War between Matilda and Stephen resulted in the establishment of the House of ________ .A. Tudor B・ Normandy C. Plantagenet D・ Lancaster40.The Great Charter was mad in the interest of ____ ・A. the King B・ the feudal lords C. The townsmen D. The merchants41.The first British parliment was summoned in the year of ___ .A.1215B. 1265C.1295D.134342. ___ launched the Hundred Years' War.A. Edward IB. Edward IIC. Edward 111D. Henry III43.Which of the following statements was NOT true?A.Hundred Years9 War was a feudal wa匚B.Hundred Years9 War was a trade war.C.Hundred Years' War lasted for one hundred yearsD.Hundred Years9 War is one of the historical events taht marked the decline of feudalism in Britain・44.From __ onward, Parliament was divided into two chambers.A.1337B.1343C. 1453D.145545.Black Death to some extent brought _____ t o villains.A. higer wagesB. Greater freedomC. bitter lifeD. Both A and B46.In 1381, peasants in ____ , led by Wat Tyler, first rebelled.A. SussexB. EssexC. Wessex Kent47.Wars of Roses were fought _____ between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists from1455 to 1485.A. ConstantlyB. Irregulary C・ Continuously D. intermiMently 4& The House of Tuduor was founded in ______ .A.1455B. 1465C.1475D.148549.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ____ c entury.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th50.Which of the following statement about th eRenaissance is NOT true?A.The renaissance owas a revival of interest in many things that the early MiddleAges had cared about.B.The renaissance was a cultural movement by humanistsC.The renaissance spread into England under the Tudors.D.During the reaissanee ,the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.51.The two centuries just before the outbreak of the Bourgeois Revolution were aperiod of ____ ・A. capital accumulationB. Colonization abroadC・ Foreign territorial expansion D. enlightnment52.Charles 1 ruled without Parliament for _____ years.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 1353.The king^s men at the beginning of the First English Civil War were called ____A. Cavaliers B・ Roundheads C・ Puritans D・ Presbyterians54.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period?A. Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B. Cromwell killed Levelers in teh armyC. Cromwell conquered IrelandD. Cromwel restored the House of Stuart.55.The "Glorious Revolution^ of 1688 put ____ on the throne・A. Charles IB. Charles IIC. James IID. William of Orange56.The British Industial Revolution first began in the ____ i ndustry.A. iron and steelB. TextileC. Coal mining D・ Ship-building57.To sustain large-seal machine production and greater economic specialisation,_____ invented the steam engine, marking a high point in this development.・A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC・ Edmund Casrtwright D. James Watt5& After Ann, for over a century until 1830, Great Britain was ruled by kings of_____ from Germany.A. GeorgeB. HenryC. WilliamD. Elizabeth59.The Great Fire of London in 1666 was one of the important evens in the ______ ・A. English Civil WarB. Industry RevolutionC. Glorious RevolutionD. The Restoration period60.Which of the followings are not in the Georgian Britain?A. The War of SpanishB. The Seven Years' WarC. The Act of Union of 1800D. The Reform Bill of 186761 ・ Who was the first woman prime minister in Britain? _____________ .A. Elizabeth IB. Elizabeth IIC. Margaret ThatcherD. Diana Princess of Wales62.A number of Catholics attempting to blow up the parliament building during thereign of the first king from House of Stuart was a famous event named ___ .A. the Divine Right of KingB. the Gunpowder PlotC. the English Civil WarD. the Petition of Right63.The Reform Act of 1832 had changed the ways that the two major politic partiesA. the conservative and the LaborB. the Democratic and the RepublicC. the Whig and the ToryD. The Fabian Society and the Labor Party64.In response to Hitler's military expansion in the 1930s, British Prime Minister________ had adapted an appeasement policy to try to avoid a European war.A. ChurchchillB. John MajorC. ChamberlainD. Harold Wilson65.The British Commonwealth of Nations is a ___ organization.A. militaryB. cultural C・ economic D. PhonyIL Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write "T” if it true, write "F" if it is wrong・1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island is located in northern Europe.2.England is one of the two large islands in the Britain Isles.3.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones-4.Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain・5.The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independedt countries that all used to be colonies of Britain・6・ Britain，s climate is influenced by the Gulf stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.7.People of Indian, Pakistani，and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain.8.Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.9・ Britishness is associated with political，historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain.10.The successful Roman invasion took place in AD43, headed by the emperor JuliusCaesa 匚11.The Magna Carta set out the rules which were to form the basis for the Parliamentwhich operates in England today.12.The Black Death ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.13- Queen Mary was a follwer of the Church of England and was determined to make Engtland once again a protestant country・14.The establishment of the british East India Company in 1600 was a case ofeconomic penetration.15.James's son, Charles I, who succeeded him in 1625, also thought that his right torule was God-given.16.Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property・17.As a result of land enclosure, a new class hostility was introduced into ruralrelationship.18.The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great con test for Crown betwen the rivalhouses of York and Lancaster.19.The name "England" derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic bribes whocame to England in the 5th and 6th centuries・20.During Edward IIFs reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years9 Warbega n.pared with the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of olderpeople and a higher percentage of younger people・22.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that it has alsoretained a hereditary aristocracy.23.Britain is no longer an imperial country.24.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales.25.The term "parliament5 was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering offeudal barons and representatives from counties and towns.26.Ireland is part of Great Britain.27.There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth of Nations.28.By the end of World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to developits manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France・29.The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland.30.London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the UnitedKingdom because of their large population.31 ・ The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition.32.The working class staged the popular Chartist movement to urge reform inparliament election.33.London's underground was the worlcfs first underground railway.34.Florence Nightingale who organized the care of soldiers wounded in the CrimeanWar, was a doctor.35.1901-10 was basically called the Edwardian period.36.Edward VII abdicated in 1936, wishing to marry American divorcee, Mrs. WallisSimpson ・37.The British Empire was almost completely dismantled in 1947 with theindependence of India and Pakistan.3& The UK integrated into the European Economic Community during 1990s.39.Tony Blair was succeeded by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Cameron.40.The Labor Part in the UK once prevailed after the WWII.IIL Answer the following question within 100 words.1 ・ In What sense did Tudor Britain serve as a transition to modem times?2. Give a brief account of Roman Influence on Britain.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)(word文档良心出品).docx
判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer totheir country. (F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Walesand flows through western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancientWelsh language. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest partof Britain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature innorthern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)th 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16century.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)th2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5 century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)th4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8 century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years ’ War (1337-453) was a series of wars fought betweenthe British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the workingof the British government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealthof Nations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various politicalparties in Parliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland aremuch similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problemsthat prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher ’ s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish economic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of theold Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politicsfrom economic policy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take anational GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the world ’ s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christiancalendar, and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country'scontinental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mildsu btropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--know n 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it isco mposed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island , and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famousHoll ywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrantscam e to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s wereAsia ns.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hardfor a higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continentaf ter Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the ContinentalA rmy and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America wasa single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launchedOperation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama binLaden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism,the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and itconsis ts of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: theS upreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in theagricultu ral balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturingindus try.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the nationalgov ernment in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a greatconc ern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the UnitedSta tes.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972thro ugh the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are.A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom,is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson ’ s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of.A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’ s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth Chapter 2DDCC ABAC1.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century,became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of.A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII. ’ s effort toA. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over thechurch6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between.A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the.A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on.A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to.A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and.A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4ACDC DBAC1.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices,does not belong to Thatcher’ s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except.A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain ’ s important fishing areas include all the following except.A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly.A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain,has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 5 DCBB CCDA1.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2. About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except.A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need.A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain ’ s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the“ Big Threethe exception of.A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’ s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except.A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen ’ s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its.A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2.The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is.A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in.A.the SouthB. the WestC.New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to.A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from.A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is.A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in.A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurredbetween the.A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3.“ No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan. ofA. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775,was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents.A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10BCBD CCDC1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States.A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights.A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by.A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 11BCBD CCDC1.America produces a major portion of the world’products in the following fields except.A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to, and eventually, to.A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following in ventions took place during the“ second industrial revolution.” exceptA. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a“ Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except.A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except.A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8.Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12CBBB CBBB1.Formal education in the United States consists of, secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects,are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following,are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor ’degree,s all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept.A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following,is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on.A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?√They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. Chapter 21. What were Queen Victoria’ s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empireincluding about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the worldlandmass.2. What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World ⅡWar?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World War Ⅱ since they were allied during World War Ⅱ and shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools andvocational schools in Britain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable studentsand prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering bothacademic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjectslike cooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own coursesand award their own degrees.4. What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps toshape the public ’ s opinion, determine people ’ s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populatedregion is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about2 0% of the nation ’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants wouldls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?√√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America ’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac)negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checksand balances ”,theother is that the power of the federalgovernm ent and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Asenator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.。
英语国家概况谢福之课后答案.doc
英语国家概况（谢福之主编）课后答案一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National V ocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three”with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors 100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) 110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville 117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil 120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.()9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.()5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.( )6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.( )7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.( )8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. )9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory. )10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government. )2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.( )3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.( )6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. )7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.( )8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.( )2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. )3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.( )5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.( )6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.( )7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.( )8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.( )10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.( )Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.( )3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.( )4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.( )5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.( )6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.( )7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening. )8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper( )9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.( )10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. )Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.( )3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.( )5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.( )6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.( )7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".( )8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.( )10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.( )Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.( )2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.( )3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.( )4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.( )5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.( )6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.( )7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.( )。
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英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the UnitedKingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales3.What is the official name ofGreat Britain ？The United Kingdom of Great Britainand Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeatTostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after hesuppressed镇压the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense 防卫castles to ensure his military control ofthe whole country.)6.How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features ofthe feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath ofallegiance for the land they held, notonly to their immediate lord, but also tothe king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to hissons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son,Robert, and England to his second sonWilliam, and a large sum of money tohis third son, Henry.)9 What was William I ’ spolicytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted?( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years ’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was the onlypart of France that was still in the handsof English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the twocountriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome 结果ofthe English Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege and wealthof the clergy were also resented; andHenry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19 th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage,sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods改变耕作方式 affect lives ofmillions in the 18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcherremoved from office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition of anextremely unpopular flatrate ‘ polltax ’in place of property taxes to pay forlocal government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests?What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’ s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘to seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)精品文库23 Why was Britain known as the (ThethreemainChristianfestivalsin 是 后 果 ， 英 爱 条约 1921 (Violentfactory of the world in the mid-19 thBritain are Christmas. Easter,oppositionandtoWhite treatyby century?Sunday.) ultranationalists led to a civil w(BecausethBritisheconomywas没背42 What was the result ofamong the strongest in the world)33 Who is directly responsible for the24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(TheQueen) 25 How many members ofParliament does the House ofCommons in the UK consist of ?NHS in Britain?谁直接负责国民保growing Irish nationalism in the early decades of the 20thcentury?健制度在英国(Irish nationalism became stron(Centralgovernmentisdirectly even more violent in the early d responsible for the NHS inof Britain)the20century and climaxed in 34 What are the two established EasternUprisingof1916inwhichan Irish Republic was proclaimed. 26 What does the British Parliament没背43Wht happened aftertheEnglish king was declared the headconsist of ?in Scotland)(It consists of the Sovereign, the Houseof the Church of Irelandreplaceing35 Howmany provinces does theof Lords and the House of Commons)the Pope? 英国国王宣布爱尔兰教会Church of England have?领袖代替教皇27Whatdidtheterm ‘parliament ’(Therefollowedcenturiesofreligiousoriginally mean?(TheChurchof Englandhastwo政治迫( It originallymeantmeetingforprovinces: Canterbury and York)parley or discussion)36What is the National Day in害, whichhelpedtostrengthenanddeepen Ireland ’sCatholic spirit.)Britain?第二部美分国部分28 WheredoestheSovereign ’scoronation take place?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)1What are the two novels giving a威vivid description of the miserable life斯敏斯特教堂 in London)Great Britain?of the black slaves?(Uncle ’TomsCabin and Roots)29Wheredoesthe Queen ’s (It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)2 What is the reason for the growth expenditure arising from 支出所产生38 What kind of schools are theof population in Florida?的 public duties come from?没背(Florida ’populationsgrowthowesindependent schools in Britain?( The Queen ’sexpenditure arising from(Theindependentschoolsarethose muchtoitsattractivenessbothapublic duties comes from the Civil Listsupportedentirelybfeesandprivateplaceto retireandasa convenientand government departments)placeforbusinesswithandtraveltofuns)30 How is the British House of 39What are the three groups ofCentral and South America)Commons elected?3 When did the higher birth ratenation newspapers?TheHouseofCommonsiselectedby(Theyare quality,popularnd appear in the United States? universal adult suffrage. mid-market papers.) (Thebirthrateappearedduring ‘the影子baby boom ’[1946-1964])？？ 31Whatisa ‘shadowcabinet ’ 40 Which religion in Ireland is the内阁 in Britain?4 When was the Declaration of( Thepartywhichwinsthesecond largest non-Catholic denomination?Independence adopted?largestnumberofseatsinparliament圣 公 会of (It was adopted on July4,1776)(TheAnglicanChurch5Please write any three of thebecomes the Official Opposition and it没背formsits own ‘cabinetknown ’as Irelandis thelargestnon-Catholicdenomination.)13 colonies the British established ‘shadow cabinet ’along the east coast of North32 What are the three main41 What was the consequence ofAmerica between 1607 and没背1733.(Virginia,Maine, Newchurches in Britain?(651Members of Parliament)(TheyaretheChurchofEnglandthe Church of Scotland什么Christian festivals in Britain?the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?欢迎下载2Hampshire)6What are the implications of the‘ Manifest Destiny’?The implications of‘ manifest Destiny’ are three fold(1)the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America; 是必然的(2)the legitimacy合法的 of the expansion of America Territory美国领土; (3) the spread of American democracy 美国民主being the task 任务of American people who were chosen to do the Lord’ s work.没背7 What were the two seriousweaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 邦联条款They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;没有执行或执法部门(2)Congress 国会was too large a body to function 功能as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes.国会无权征税8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.。