词汇学试题练习02
词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案
词汇学第⼀、⼆章课后习题及答案2012级（1）班Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and VocabularyI.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock.A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ .A.slangB.Anglo-Saxon wordsC.argotsD.neologisms3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ .A.content words and functional wordsB.native words and borrowed wordsC.basic words and dialectal wordsD.loan words and dialectal words4. Borrowings can be divided into________.A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizensB.empty words, notional words, form words, content wordsC.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializesD.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________.A.Productivity and stabilityB.neutrality in style and high frequency in useC.collectability and polysemyD.formality and arbitrariness6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ .A.a dialectal wordB.argotC.an archaismD.slang7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ .A.jargonB.an archaismD.slang8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ .A.conjunctionsB.auxiliariesC.prepositionsD.adjectives9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ .A.the total number of the words in alanguageB.all the words used in a particular historical periodC.all the words of a given dialectD.most words a person knows10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ .A.GermanB.FrenchC.SpanishD.Japanese11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock.A.Anglo-Saxon wordsB. FrenchwordsC.Danish words/doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html tin words12.Black humor is_______ .A.a translation loanB.a semantic loanC.a denizenD.an alien13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ .A.polysemous;use and stabilityB.monosemous;collocability and stabilityC.polysemous;use and productivityD.monosemous;productivity andcollectability14.Indigestion is_______ .A.jargonB.slangD.an archaism15.By_______ ,words fall into functional words and content words./doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html e frequencyB.notionC.originD.word formation16. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always_______ .A.motivatedB.arbitraryC.logicalD.unconventional17. _______ are loan words that have become assimilated in English.A.DenizensB.Semantic loansC.Translation loansD.Aliens18.Smoky, which means “police”,is a(n) _______ word.A.slangB.argotC.loanD.jargon19. Wherein which means “in what”is a(n)word. _______A.slangB.archaicC.functionalD.dialectal20.The difference between sound and form due to all the following except _______.A.more phonemes than lettersB. stabilization of spelling by printingC.change of spelling by early scribesD.development of pronunciation/doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html plete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book1. Lexicology is a branch of linguisticsstudying the origins and_______ of words .2. A word is a minimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and_______ function.3. In spite of the differences between sound and form,at least_______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns4.All the words in language make up its_______ .5.The_______ word stock is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and form the common core of the language.6.By_______ ,begin is a native word.7. _______ vocabulary include cant,jargon and argot.8. There is no_______ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.9. _______ are the basic units of sentences.10. Early borrowings are mostly_______ whereas later loan words remain foreign in sound and spelling.III.Decide whether the following statements are true or false( )1.A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. ( )2.Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related. ( )3.The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( )4.The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.( )5.The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin. ( )6.Native words are more popular than foreign words.( )7.Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more. ( )8.audl(meaning “old”)is an instance of archaism.( )9.Kowtow is a loan word known as an alien.( )10.Long time no see is a case of translation loan.IV.Give a term for each of the following definitions.1.Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions.( )2.Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions.( )3.Words used by sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood society.( )4.Words that have clear notions.( )5.Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.( )6.Words borrowed by way of translation. ( )7.Old words with new meanings.( )8.Words which have become assimilated.( )9.Native forms whose meanings are borrowed.( )10.Words essential to native speakers’ daily communication.( )V.Answer the following questions .Your answers should be clear and short.1.What is the relationship between sound and meaning?2.Why are there so many differences between sound and form?3.What are the criteria for classification of words?4.What are the characteristics of the basic word and word stock?I.1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.D 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.C15.B 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.DII.1.meanings 2.syntaitic 3.80(eighty) 4.vocabulary 5.basic 6.origin 7.Nonbaic 8.logical 9.Words 10assimilatedII I.1.T 2. F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.TIV.1.slang 2.jargon3.argot 4.content words 5.native words 6.translation loans 7.neologisms 8.denizens 9.semantic loan 10.basic word stockV.1.The relationship is almost always arbitrary and conventional ana there is nological connection between sound and meaning.2.There are four major reasons.(1)The internal reason:the English alphabet wasadopted from the Romans,which have more phonemes than letters,so there is nota separate letter to represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has changed morerapidly than spelling.(3)The spelling forms were changed by the early scribes to make theeir writing more recognizable.(4)Borrowing.3.There are mainly there criteria for classification.Words may fall into:the basicword stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency;content words and functional words by notion;native words and borrowed words by prigin.4.The basic word stock has five charecteristic:(1)all nationalcharacter,(2)stability,(3)productivi-ty,(4)polysemy,(5)productivity.Chapter2 The Development Of the English VocabularyI.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has 3000 languages, which can be grouped intoroughly_______ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A.200B.300C.400D.5002. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_______ .A.Balto-SlavicB.Indo-IranianC.ArmenianD.Italic3. In the Eastern set,Armenian and_______ are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.A.Albanian4.Which language does not belong to the Italic?A.Portuguese.B.SpanishC.WelshD.French5.The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke_______ .A.EnglishB.CelticC.ScandinavianD.Hellenic6.The Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called_______ (the land of Angles).A.GermanB.GreeceC.EnglandD.American7.Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words,which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from_______ and Scandinavian./doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html tinB.GreekC.CelticD.French8.The influx of French words into English did not occur until after_______ .A.1200B.1300C.1400D.15009.In the Middle English period,the three main dialects of the land were Northern, _______ and Midland.A.EasternB.WesternC.SouthernD.Oriental10. _______ is the chief ancestor of Modern English,not Southern.A.Eastern11.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of_______ words into English./doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html tinB.GreekC.DanishD.French12.Middle is an_______ dialect,as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerner and Southerners alike.A.middleB.intermediateC.interchangeableD.internal13.The number of_______ words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.A.FrenchB.German/doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html tinD.Russian14.Before English regained social status in Middle English period,those imposer spoke French;those who were literate read and wrote _______ ;those who could educate their children taught them in _______ ;and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned_______ or_______ ./doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html tin;French;Latin;FrenchB.French;French;French;EnglishC.French;French;Latin;FrenchD.Greek;French;Greek;French15.In the early period of modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Roman classic,which is known in history as the_______ .A.RenewalB.RevivalC.ReboundD.Renaissance16.Since the beginning of the 20th century, particularly after World War II,although borrowing remains channel of English vocabulary expansion,more words are createdby_______ .A.analogyB.word-formation17.The Anglo-Saxon in the Old English period was almost a “_______ ”language,which created new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words.A.uniqueB.fashionC.pureD.old18.As one scholar notes,old English was characterized by “_______ endings”,Middle English by “leveled endings”,and Modern English by “_______ endings”.A.full ;lostB.lost;fullC.full;pureD.pure;lost19.Old English which was a_______ language has evolved to the present_______ language.A.analytic;syntheticB.synthetic;analyticC.agglutinative;analyticD.isolating;synthetic20.Of all the foreign languages from which we have borrowed words,Latin ,Greek,French,and_______ stand out as the major contributors.A.ItalianB.GermanC.DutchD.Scandinavian21.In the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period,the words borrowed naturally from reflected the new experience in_______ and _______ .A.war;economyB.economy;agricultureC.war;shrineD.agriculture22.In the Old English period,borrowings from Latin came in because of the introduction of Christianity,such as, _______ and _______ .A.cook;candleB.shrine;sackC.candle;shrineD.mass;circle23.The_______ centuries were especially prolific in Latin borrowingsunder the influence of Renaissance.A.12th and 13thB.13th and 14thC.14th and15thD.15th and 16th24.Some late borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin forms.which of the following was borrowed in the Modern English period?A.Frustrate B . Focus C.Logic D.Trade25.Which of the following does not come from Greek?A.PianoB.SynonymC.PhilosophyD.Lexicology26.Typhoon is from_______ and tatami is from_______ .A.Chinese;AfricanB.Chinese;JapaneseC.Arabic;TurkishD.Malay;Japanese27.Modern English vocabulary develops through_______ .A.terminology,analogyand borrowingB.creation,semantic and borrowingC.creation,archaisms,and semantic changeD.semantic change,denizens and argot28.Which of the following contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technology?A.FalloutB.Pant suitC.Black beltD.Mao jackets29.The Scandinavian languages:Norwegian,Swedish,Danish,and Icelandic,constitute the_______ branch of the Germanic group.A.easternB.westernC.northernD.southern30.Reviving archaic or_______ words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though insignificant.A.obsoleteB.old/doc/1d9c52e36bdc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff42e8.html edD.ancientII．Decide whether the following statements are true or false.( )1.English is more closed related to German than French.( )2.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic,Norwegian,Danish,and Swedish ( )3.Old English was a highly infected language.( )4.In early Middle English period,English,Latin,and Celtic existed side by side.( )5.The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.( )6.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( )7.The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin,French,Scandinavian and Italian. ( )8.In modern times,borrowing brings less than percent of modern English vocabulary.( )9.The three major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology,influence of foreign cultures and languages. ( )10.The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.( )11.Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.( )12.Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.III.Define the following terms.1.the Indo-European Language Family2.Old English3.foreign elements4.creation5.semantic changeIV.Answer following questions.Your answers should be clear and short1.Why did Middle become the chief ancestor of Modern English?2.What are the characteristics of Modern English?3.What are the reasons for the growth of contemporary English vocabulary?4.What are the general characteristics of the world-wide appeal of English?V.Analyze and comment on the following.1.Soft drinks and minerals sold here.Tell what“soft drink” and “mineral” mean respectively and explain w hy they take on those meanings in modern American English.2.“Moon”was originally written as “moan”and the pronuncia tions of the twowords are different,too .Explain the reasons for the change in spelling and pronunciation.AnswersI.1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.C7.A8.B9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.C 24.B25.A26.B 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.AII.1.T2.T3.T4.T5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F 10.T 11.T 12.FIII.1.The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most languages of Europe,theNear East,and India.According to the geographical distribution,these languages fall into ten principal groups,belonging to two sets,namely an Eastern set anda Western set.The Eastern set consistsof:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,AmericanandAlbanian; the Western set comprises:Celtic,Italic, Hellenic, Germanic, Hittite and Tocharian.2.Old English grew out of the Anglo-Saxon,which has a vocabulary of about 50000to 60000 words.The vocabulary is almost monogamous and entirely Geomantic with only a few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.3.English vocabulary owes most of its words to foreign languages.The words borrowedfrom other languages are known as foreign elements in the English vocabulary.4.Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existingmaterials,namely roots,affixes and other elements.In modern times,this is the most important way of vocabularyexpansion.5.Semantic change refers to an old form whichtakes on a new meaning to meet thenew need.This does not increase the number of word forms but create many new usage of the existing words.IV.1. There are several reasons:(1)The midland included London,which was then the capital of England,naturally the political,economical and cultural center.(2)Two great writers Wycliffe and Chaucer employed the Midland dialect in their writings.(3)Midland is an intermediate dialect,as its name implies,and intelligible to Northerners and Southerners alike,whereas these speakers could not often understand each other using their own dialects respectively.(4)When Caxton introduced the printing press in 1477, the printerspatronized the Midland dialect, and any English man who wanted to be published had to write in that dialect.2. Modern English has a huge vocabulary of different elements. Most of the words have actually been borrowed from other languages. Word endings are mostly lost with just a few exceptions.3. Generally there are three main sources of new words:the rapid development of modern science andtechnology;social,economic and political changes;the influenceof other cultures and languages.4. The more obvious and striking features are summed up as follows:(1)receptivity, adaptability and heterogeneity;(2)simplicity of inflection(3)relatively fixed word-order.V.1.(1) “soft drink” means “carbonated drinks” and “mineral” means “mineralwater” in present American English.(2)“soft drink” means “non-alcoholic beverage” and “mineral” means “ore”in British English, but these words no longer have such meanings in present British English.(3) American English has revived the old meaning of “soft drink” and that of“mineral”. This is because it is easy to understand and remember.2. (1) “Mona” is an early borrowed word but the original form did not conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling.(2) In later development, the word became well assimilated into English languages.(3) At present “mona”is written as “moon”, conforming to the English way of pronunciation and spelling.。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。
A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。
A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。
A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。
A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。
A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。
A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。
A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。
A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。
答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。
答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。
答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。
英语词汇学第九单元测试题2(附答案)
C9 Test-2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement.1. The fixity of idioms depends on .A. idiomaticityB. structureC. grammaticalityD. style2. Idioms are generally felt to be .A. formalB. informalC. casualD. intimate3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ”, is used.A. simileB. metonymyC. personificationD. juxtaposition4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by .A. linguistsB. poetsC. working peopleD. ruling class5. Forms and functions of idioms are .A. differentB. identicalC. not necessarily identicalD. not identical at all6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties.A. stylistic, affectiveB. social, regionalC. professional, culturalD. cultural, social7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literalmeaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.A. illogicalB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. logical8. Idioms nominal in nature function as .A. adverbsB. modifiersC. nounsD. adjectives9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is .A. simileB. personificationC. metonymyD. euphemism10. The tone implied byA. positiveC. neutral “a big cheeseB. interestingD. derogatory”is .II.Decide whether the following are true or false.( )1. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate for formal settings.( )2. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable.( )3. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language.( )4. The fixity of idioms is absolute.( )5. The idiomaticity is gradable and may best be thought in terms of a scale.( )6. Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed.( )7. Idioms are usually difficult to understand because the meanings of idioms are not in many cases the total of individual words.( )8. All idioms are used in their figurative senses.( )9. Since each idiom is a semantic whole, each can be replaced by a single word. ( )10. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms, but there are many exceptions.III.Match the words and expressions in Column A with their rhetorical features in ColumnB.Column A Column B1. by hook and crook A. reiteration2. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl B. synecdoche3. play fast and loose C. rhyme4. like a rat in a hole D. personification5. fall into good hands E. hyperbole6. cut the ground from under sb. F. alliteration7. powder one ’s nose G. juxtaposition8. from cradle to grave H. repetition9.push and shove10. year in year out11. The pot calls the kettle black.12. a flood of tears I. euphemism J. metaphorK. simile L. metonymyIV. Identify the types of idiomatic variations in the following expressions.1.talk thirteen to the dozen2.It ’s an ill wind.3.fortune ’s wheel4. “The leopard! But he did change them, Dinny. ”“He did not, Auntie: he had no spots to change. ”5. Thank one’s starsV.Define the following terms.1.semi-idioms2.true idioms3.regular combinations4.sentence idioms5.phrase idiomsVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unities2. How to understand “structural stability ” o f idioms3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functionsVII. Analyze and comment on the following.1.Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be knownthat he spoke any Eastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.2.The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and rhetorical features.答案：I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat would best complete the statement.1.AII. Decide whether the following are true or false.2.FIII. Match the words and expression in Column A with their rhetorical features in Column B.1. C2. F 4. K8. L 9. A 10. H 11. DIV. Identify the variation types about idioms involved in the following words and expressions.1.replacement2.shortening3.position-shifting4.dismembering5.deletionV. Define the following terms.1. semi-idiomsSemi-idioms are the idioms whose meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constituents but are not themselves explicit.2. true idiomsTrue idioms are those whose meaning cannot be deduced from their individual constituents.3. regular combinationsRegular combinations are idioms whose meanings are understood from the literal meaningsof the constituents.4. sentence idiomsSentence idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.Each functions as a sentence.5. phrase idiomsPhrase idioms are lexemic idioms, each of which is identical with a part of speechas noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc. and functions as such.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1.What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unitiesPhraseological unities refer to idioms, whose meanings are not the sum of meanings oftheir components but based on them, and thus may be understood from the components.Phraseological fusions are idioms, the meanings of which can never be deduced from the meanings of their constituents.2. What is meant by“structural stability” of idiomsThe structure of an idiom is to a large extent invariable, unlike free phrases. First, theconstituents of idioms cannot be replaced. Secondly, the word order cannot be inverted orchanged. Thirdly, the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functionsAccording to grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into five groups: idioms nominal in nature, idioms adjectival in nature, idioms verbal in nature, idioms adverbial in nature, and sentence idioms.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.1.Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be knownthat he spoke any Eastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.“be a useful card up his sleeve” is a personal variant of“have a card up one’s sleeve”.The variation belongs to the type of dismembering. It is well used here to indicate that Conway is a person of wisdom, knowing how to take the advantage of the situation and manipulate people.2. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structureand functions, and rhetorical features.(1) The idiom is“a bolt from the blue.”(2)The idiom means a sudden unexpected incident, esp. a catastrophic one.(3)Its effect is to make the sentence concise and forcible.(4) Its grammatical structure is “n + prep + n ”, and it is nominal in nature and servesas the predicative.(5) It is a metaphor.。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。
lexicology2词汇学练习及答案
Test of Lexicology 2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Which words belong to the functional words ( A )A. prepositions, auxiliaries, conjunctionsB. articles, adjectives, pronounsC. adverbs, conjunctions, nounsD. prepositions, auxiliaries, verbs2. ___ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.（ C ）A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds3. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be( C ). A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound4. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ( C ) morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound5. Which of the following is NOT true ( B )A. A word is a soundunityB. A word has a given meaningC. A word is the smallest form of a languageD. A word can be used freely in a sentence6. The following words have derivational affixes Except________.( D )A.subseaB. prewarC.postwarD. desks7. Which of the following is not a compound ( B )A. swimming poolB. king-heartedC. greenhouseD. International8. The suffix “-tion” is a ____ suffix. ( D )A.adjectiveB. verbC.adverbD. noun9. From the sentenc es “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see such a means of word formation as________. ( C )A.affixationB. compoundingC.conversionD. acronymy10. “mis-“ in “misunderstand” is a ____________ prefix. ( C )A．negative B. pejorative C. reversative D. locative11. Which of the following is not a major word-formation process ( D )A. CompoundingB. DerivationC. ConversionD. Coinage12. “Anti-” in “antihero” means______. ( A )A. “against”B. “unconventional”C. “of or belonging to the hypothetical world of antimatter”D. “not”13. “-able” in “fashionable” is a(an) _____ suffix. ( D )A. denominalB. deadjectivalC. deverbalD. noun-formingII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.1. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and ____derivational______affixes.2. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ___affixes______.3. Words may fall into ___content _____words and functional words by notion.4. Generally, prefixes only modify the ___lexical meaning_____of the stem.5. Sometimes a word may undergo ____multiple______ conversion, which enables it to function as a member of several word-classes.6. Affixation can be subdivided into ____prefixation_________ and ____suffixation________.III. Term explanationpounding Compounding is a word-formation progress consisting ofjoining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.2.Derivation Derivation is generally defined as word-formationprocess by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. Derivation may be defined as process of forming new words by the additional of word element, such as prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.3.Conversion Conversion is a word formation process whereby a word ofa certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-classwithout the addition of an affix.4.Word-formation rules The rules of word-formation define the scopeand method whereby speakers of a language may create new word.。
（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案
（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention tothe words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary whichconcentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write youranswers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
最新英语词汇学-英语词汇学习题2及答案
试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
词汇学自测题II
自测题III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F in the brackets: (20%)( )1. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.( )2. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemic word are not directly related to the primary meaning.( )3. Borrowing is a very important source of synonyms.( )4. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( )5. The super ordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers the concept of the latter.( )6. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background.( )7. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as the relationship between their meanings.( )8. Unclear context is often the cause of ambiguity.( )9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.( )10. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other.( )11. Lexical context refers to the words that appear before the word in question.( )12. Idioms are phrases or short sentences whose meanings can be understood from the individual words.( )13. We classify idioms on a grammatical basis so that noun phrases will be put together and so will adjective phrases.( )14. A variation of an idiom is to use a different phrase instead of it.( )15. Context is important because without it, it would be difficult or impossible to tell the meaning of a polysemant.( )16. Monolingual dictionaries are good for advanced learners and bilingual ones are appropriate for advanced learners.( )17. Contradictory terms do not show degress.( )18. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal not informal.( )19. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms, but there are many exceptions.( )20. An unabridged dictionary contains at least 150,000 headwords.II. Group the following antonyms into three classes, namely contradictory terms, contrary terms and relative terms: (12%)hot— cold parent— child give— takeman— woman open— close male— femalebuy— sell above— below present— absentIII. Relative synonyms are similar only in some respects but different in others. Explain the differences between them with examples. (20%)IV. Give a term according to each of the definitions. (10%)1. Part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meaning. ( )2. Guessing word-meaning according context. ( )3. Idioms which are complete sentences including proverbs and sayings. ( )4. The dictionaries which are compiled in two languages. ( )5. Sense relation that deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. ( )6. A set of words which are semantically associated with one another. ( )7. Words that are identical in spelling but different in pronunciation and meaning. ( )8. The process in which a word that was pejorative in the past has now become appreciative. ( )9. The process that a word goes through by changing from specialized meaning to a more general meaning. ( )10. A word which is opposite in meaning. ( )V. Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clued which help you guess the meaning of the italicized words, for example, “definition”, “example”, “synonym”, and so on and put your answers in the brackets. (20%)1. Unlike her gregarious sister, Janet is unsociable as the refuses to go to parties. ( )2. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( )3. I like fruit, but not avocado, which is too soft. ( )4. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killeda dog in the street and ate it. ( )5. Most of his works were published posthumously, for he was hardly known by anyone before his death. ( )VI. The italic ized part of each sentence is ambiguous. Improve the sentence so that each will have a single meaning. (10%)1. There is large audience present, including many old men and beautiful women.2. The steward greeted the girl with a smile.3. The shooting of the hunters occurred at dawn.4. Is Helen engaged?5. Margaret cannot bear children.VII. Match the terms in Column A with the words in Column B. (8%)A Bextension sillygeneralnarrowing ministermeatelevation manuscriptGovernordegradation accidentvillainVIII. Explain the characteristics of English idioms with examples.答案I．1．F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.T 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.F 15.T 16.F 17.T 18.T 19.T 20.FII. Contradictory terms:male-female, present-absent, man-womancontrary terms:open-close, ho-coldRelative terms:Buy-sell, give-take, parent-child, right-left, above-belowIII.1.Difference in:1) Synonyms may differ in degree of intensity. For example, small, tiny, microscopic are synonyms, but they each denote a different degree of smallness. Tiny is smaller than small, and microscopic is the smallest of all.2) Synonyms may differ in the range of meaning. Some words have a wider range of meaning than others. Take walk and stroll for example. Stroll is walk in a leisurely way. Walk is more general than stroll and cover the meaning of it2. Difference in connotation:1) Synonyms differ in their stylistic appropriateness. For example the words borrowed from French and Latin are generally more formal than native words. In the following pairs of words, the first is native and not stylistically specific whereas the second term is borrowed from French or Latin and is more formal: answer/respond, wood/forest, homely/domestic, etc.2) Synonyms differ in emotive col ouring. Famous and notorious both mean “well-known”, but the former is appreciative and the latter is pejorative. Similarly, a lady wants to be slender, but not skinny because skinny has a negative connotation.3) Difference in usage:Many words are synonymous in meaning but different in usage. They form different collocations and fit into different sentence patterns. For example, allow and let are synonyms, but we allow sb to do sth and let sb do sth. V acant and empty are synonymous, but we say vacant chair, but not empty chair, whereas we say empty box, but not vacant box.IV. 1. lexical context 2. inference of meaning3. sentence idioms4. bilingual dictionaries5. hyponymy6. semantic field7. homograph 8. elevation9. extension/generalization 10.antonymV 1. antonym 2. synonym 3. hyponym 4. example 5. relevan detailsVI. 1. many old men and many beautiful women (or) many old men and old beautiful women2. With a smile, the steward greeted the girl. (or)The steward greeted the girl with a smile on her face.3. The hunters did the shooting at dawn. (or)The hunters were shot at dawn.4. Is Helen engaged? I want to see her right now. (or)Is Helen engaged? Why does she refuse to go out with any boys?5. Margaret is infertile.Margaret can’t put up with children.VII. Extension (manuscript)narrowing (general, meat, accident)elevation (minister, governor)degradation (silly, villain)VIII.1. Semantic unity. An idiom contains at least two words of different part of speech. But semantically each is a unity. For example, make up one’s mind functions as a verb, rain cats and dogs means “rain heavily” which has nothing to do with the individual elements th at make up the idiom and functions as verb phrase.2. Structural stability. First, the constituents cannot be replaced with synonyms, for example, kick the bucket cannot become strike the bucket or kick a bucket or kick the pail, etc. Secondly, the positions of the words cannot be changed, for example, heart and soul cannot be changed into soul and heart, nor by twos and threes into by threes and twos. Thirdly, we should not add or delete any element to an idiom, for example, out of the question (impossible) cannot be turned into out of question, which becomes a different idiom. Lastly, some idioms are grammatically unexplainable, for example, Like cures like and Diamond cut diamond are both correct. If we change the verb in either, both will be wrong. This is because idioms are structurally fixed。
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《词汇学》练习试题02PART ONE Multiple Choice（15%）DIRECTIONS: Altogether there are 15 statements in this section. Beneath each statement there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the statement. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Morphology is the study about ___B___.A. words’ soundB. words’ formC. words’ meaningD. words’ collocation2. __B____ has devoted much of his life to the construction of CL, that is, cognitive linguistics.A. PlatoB. ChomskyC. SaussureD. Lakoff3. All the words in the following items are complex words except __C____.A. cut-throatB. valuableC. wearD. runaway4. Negro, a(n) ___A___ in American English, means a black man.A. tabooB. euphemismC. jargonD. colloquialism5. ___D___ had been the temporary official language in the UK Island in the 11-12th centuries.A. ChineseB. NorseC. DutchD. French6. T he word bazaar from Persian is regarded as a kind of __D____.A. denizenB. alienC. translation loanD. semantic loan7. The following underlined morphemes in the words are all bound morphemes except __A____.A. teachingB. man-madeC. humanismD. assistance8. In shorting, there are various forms for the shortened words, and “dorm” belongs to __C____.A. initialismB. acronymC. clippingD. blending9. The word “fame” in the sentence “He came to this city seeking money and fame.” refers to its ___D___ meaning.A. stylisticB. affectiveC. socialD. reflected10. The word “face” is defined as “t he surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear” in the dictionary. Which of the following shows the central meaning of face? CA. What this generation must do is to face its problems.B. Don't show your face on my property again.C. We saw many new faces on the first day of classes.D. The young girl offered a sweet kiss on his face.11. The word “busyboy” used to r efer to a busy person, but now it refers to any officious and meddlesome person, so “busyboy” has undergone __D____ in its change of meaning.A. extensionB. narrowingC. euphemismD. degradation12. The idiom “a black sleep” is a kind of ___B__ idioms in nature.A. nominalB. adjectivalC. verbalD. adverbial13. LDCE is a kind of ___A___.A. dictionaryB. thesaurusC. corpusD. vocabulary14. In Old English, most words have ___D___.A. few word endingsB. no word endingsC. many word endingsD. few grammatical functions15. Which of the following groups of antonyms belongs to the same type of antonym with “alive /dead”?AA. present /absentB. young /oldC. parents /childrenD. cop /thiefPART TWO Terms （5%）DIRECTIONS: In this part of the test, there are 5 terms from lexicology. Choose the right words or phrases from the list given below to best explain these terms. Write the proper answer on the ANSWER SHEET.A. The branch of linguistics that deals with the lexical component of language.B. The element that carries the main component of meaning in a word and provides the basis from which a word is derived by adding affixes or inflectional endings or by phonetic change.C. The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive, such as “pass away” for “die”.D. The data bank of e-textsE. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.16. syntax ( E )17. corpus ( D )18. root ( A )19. euphemism ( C )20. lexicology ( B )PART THREE Morphemes （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 morphemes in this section. You are required to find the appropriate meaning for each morpheme and write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET. The possible meanings of morphemes:A. femaleB. metalC. offD. too muchE. a littleF. negativeG. takeH. threeI. smallest J. chief21. tripod ( H ) 22. minibus ( I )23. receive ( G ) 24. archetype ( J )25. antiwar ( F ) 26. deoxygenate ( C )27. reddish ( ) 28. uranium ( B )29. overwork ( D ) 30. millionaires ( )PART FOUR Word Formation （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 underlined words in this section. You are required to find the appropriate method to form the underlined words given below. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. shortening 缩略词B. suffixationC. prefixationD. compound 复合词E. conversion 转换F. reduplication重复G. borrowing 借用词H. onomatopoeia拟声I. metaphorical shift隐喻性的转变J. proper names专有名词31. Don’t make a pig of yourself even though you feel very hungry. I32. There are some go-go industries such as micro-processing and laser technology. F33. D-day refers to the unnamed day on which an operation or offensive is to be launched, especially June 6, 1944, the day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II. A34. This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal. E35. It is time-wasting to set about doing this business. D36. The little boys head forward to the remote village. E37. This helps us to know better about the Middle East bazaar. G38. The birds chirp softly, sounding almost like young pups. H39. The Christian heaven can be seen as a sort of spiritual utopia. J40. Could you consult your parents about the question? JPART FIVE Sense relations （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 pairs of words in this section. You are required to pick out the rightgroup of words to show the same sense relations in each pair of words, and write down the appropriate choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. AGREE: DENY BA. true: falseB. live: dieC. marry: divorceD. tall: short42. GIGANTIC: ENORMOUS CA. hospitable: hostileB. numerous: countableC. terrific: wonderfulD. respectable: disdainful43. SUCCESS: FAILURE AA. win: loseB. happiness: wealthC. care: loveD. victory: triumph44. CAMERA: PICTURE DA. television: remoteB. VCR: expertiseC. duplicator: carbonD. projector: movie45. FATHER: MOTHER AA. right: wrongB. teacher: studentC. north: southD. east: west46. ROSE: LOVE AA. dove: peaceB. dark: pitchC. pig: swineD. cat: tiger47. FURNITURE: SOFA AA. cooker: ovenB. cupboard: trunkC. television: radioD. jug: water48. SCHOOL: EDUCATION CA. hospital: patientB. office: duplicatorC. Hotel: lobbyD. restaurant: food49. SURPRISE: ASTONISH DA. little: smallB. fearful: terribleC. busy: business D: happy: joyful50. COP: POLICEMAN CA. fame: prestigeB. detective: suspectC. bull: cowD. teacher: knowledgePART SIX English Idioms （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 idiomatic phrases listed in this section. You are required to fill in the blanks with these phrases to show the same rhetorical features with the one before them. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. safe and sound: (toss and turn )( slow and sure )B. pass away: (go to heaven ) (kick the bucket )C. eat like a horse: (sleep like a log) ( as tricky as a monkey )D. here and there: (far and near ) ( pros and cons )E. shed crocodile tears: (a paper tiger ) (an old fox )PART SEVEN Affixes（10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 words in this part of the test. You are required to add a prefix or suffix to the word to show its opposite meaning. Write the right answer (the whole word) on the ANSWER SHEET.Example: patient (impatient)61. logic ( illogic ) 62. moral ( immoral )63. regular ( irregular ) 64. traditional ( nontraditional )65. use ( useless ) 66. connect ( disconnect )67. fortune ( unfortune ) 68. sufficient ( insufficient )69. grade ( degrade ) 70. peace ( non-peace )PART EIGHT Applications of lexicology（30%）DIRECTIONS: There are 6 questions or statements in this part of the test. Answer these questions or narrate the statements according to what you’ve learned from lexicology. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.71. Analyze the formation of the wor d “durables” in terms of root, ste m, and affix, and express the changes of meaning.Dure(v.忍耐，忍受)---durabe（adj耐用的/n.耐用品）---durables（durable耐用品的复数）72. Join one word in group A with another in group B to make a possible compound according to the words below. Note: e ach word will be used only ONCE, and you’re required to form only five compounds in this part of the test.Group A: red(eyed) green(handed) blue (blooded) white(minded) dark(haired)Group B: eyed blooded haired handed minded73. Try to analyze the following words in terms of semantic opposition or componential analysis, that is, [±HUMAN] [±ADULT] [±MALE].EXAMPLE: man [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [+MALE]A. woman(+HUMAN)(+ADULT)(-MAIL)B. girl(+HUMAN)(-ADULT)(-MAIL)74. Analyze the ambiguity in the following sentence. (at least two possible meanings for the sentence)He drove the man to the bank. And he withdrew one thousand dollars./ And he took a nice sun bath.75. List five synonyms of the word “look”. Here is an example: glareStare ,glance ,watch, see, peek76. Use both ways (affixes and antonym) to find out the words that display the opposite meaning. Write the answer on the answer sheet.true ( untrue ) ( false )agree ( disagree ) ( deny )perfect ( imperfect ) ( shortcoming )tidy ( untidy ) ( messy )polite ( impolite ) ( discourteous /rude )happy ( unhappy ) ( miserable )参考答案：一、每小题1分，共15分（1-15题）BDCAD BBCBD DAACA二、每小题1分，共5分（16-20题）EDBCA三、每小题1分，共10分（21-30题）HIGJF CEBDA四、每小题1分，共10分（31-40题）IFABD EGHJC五、每小题1分，共10分（41-50题）DCADB AADBA六、每小题1分，共10分（51-60题）51. toss and turn 52. slow and sure53. go to heaven 54. kick the bucket55. sleep like a log 56. as tricky as a monkey57. pros and cons 58. far and near59. a paper tiger 60. an old fox七、每小题1分，共10分（61-70题）61. illogic 62. immoral63. irregular 64. nontraditional65. useless 66. disconnect67. misfortune 68. insufficient69. degrade 70. anti-peace八、每小题5分，共30分（71-76题）71. dur (root) + -able (suffix) →durable (stem, adj.) + conversion →durable (stem, n.) + -s (inflectional affix, plural form) →durables72. red-handed, green-eyed, blue-blooded, white-haired, dark-minded73. A. woman [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [- MALE]B. girl [+HUMAN] [- ADULT] [- MALE]74. He drove the man to the bank so that he could catch the last ship.He drove the man to the bank so that he could save the money in time.75. look: stare, peer, peep, glimpse, glance, peek, glare, gaze76. agree ( disagree ) ( deny )perfect ( imperfect ) ( faulty )tidy ( untidy ) ( disorderly )polite ( impolite ) ( rude )happy ( unhappy ) ( sad )。