新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳
新英汉翻译教程英汉语言对比答案
语言的表达方式不仅与文化有着密切的关 系，而且与思维及逻辑方式有着密切的关系。 这种思维及逻辑方式的差异在语言表达方式上 的表现既存在于语篇的思路和结构上，也存在 于句子水平上。
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3. 1英汉语言特征对比
Comparisons between English and Chinese Language Features
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【译文】现在这些伟人只是横七竖八地挤在一起，埋 在黄土中；他们在世之时，堂堂英国却不足以供他们 驰骋，如今却遵照经济的原则，他们只分得那么小的 一块土地，那么黑暗而又贫瘠的一个角落；他们曾企 图让声名占有世代人的思想，获得人人的敬羡。如今 他们的坟墓却千方百计地雕出种种装饰，只是为了吸 引游客偶然的一顾，免得在短短的几年中就把他们的 名字匆匆忘怀。看了这些，想到人生的虚空，我又几 乎忍不住要惨然一笑了。
3.1.4 英语语序变换多，汉语结构较固定
3.1.5 英语多用被动，汉语常用主动
课堂互动1
3. 2 英汉词汇表达对比
3.2.1 英语词汇含义多 3.2.2 英语词汇搭配多
3.2.3 英语词汇在句中的位置多
课堂互动2
3. 3 英汉句法结构对比
3.3.1 英汉句子结构的互换
A. 英语简单句可转换成汉语复合句
【译文】白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中 因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1 300多名乘客遇难。此后关 于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌 曲的内容而广为流传。
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3. 1. 5 英语多被动，汉语常用主动 英语重物称，常采用无生命词汇作主
语，所以多被动句，并且不指出动作的执 行者；汉语重人称，习惯用表示人或物的 词汇作主语，大都以主动句的形式出现。
新编实用翻译考试题及答案
新编实用翻译考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪项不是翻译中常见的问题？A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 个人偏好D. 语法结构2. “信、达、雅”是翻译的三大标准，其中“雅”指的是：A. 忠实原文B. 通顺易懂C. 文字优美D. 语言简洁3. 在翻译过程中，译者应该：A. 完全忠实原文B. 适当增减内容以适应目标语言C. 忽略文化差异D. 只关注语言的直译4. 下列哪项不是翻译技巧？A. 直译B. 意译C. 机器翻译D. 归化5. 翻译中，“四字格”的使用通常指的是：A. 保留原文的四个词B. 替换为等效的四个词C. 忽略不译D. 翻译成四个词的短语二、句子翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共20分）1. "The project is expected to be completed by the end of the year."翻译：2. "She has a natural talent for playing the piano."翻译：3. "Despite the heavy rain, the match continued without interruption."翻译：4. "His speech was so inspiring that it brought tears to everyone's eyes."翻译：三、段落翻译（汉译英，每题10分，共20分）1. 中国的春节是最重要的传统节日之一，人们通过举行家庭团聚、吃年夜饭、放鞭炮和拜年来庆祝这个节日。
翻译：2. 随着科技的发展，移动支付已经成为了人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，它极大地方便了我们的购物和交易方式。
翻译：四、短文翻译（英译汉，15分）"Innovation is the driving force behind economic growth andsocial progress. It is the key to solving many of the world's most pressing problems, from climate change to public health crises. By fostering a culture of innovation, we can unlock new opportunities and build a better future for all."翻译：五、短文翻译（汉译英，15分）“教育是社会发展的基石，它不仅能够提升个人的知识水平和技能，还能够促进社会的整体进步。
汉英翻译期末考试整理
汉英翻译期末考试整理————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：她望着蔚蓝的大海。
She looked at the blue sea.武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一声喝道：“放屁！放屁！”Pass your wind! Nonsense彩云红雨暗长门，翡翠枝余萼绿痕。
As rainbow clouds o’er darkened door, red petals shower,On jadeite branch is left the trace of fallen flower.接受竟成了劫搜。
Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.他们种庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草。
(1)They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wines, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the garden.(2) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk and weed the garden to grow flowers.(3) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for drink, feed cows for milk and weed the garden for flowers.(4)They plant crops and grapevines, do the gardening, brew wine for drink, and feed cows for milk.去教堂祈祷和做礼拜They go to the church to pray and attend church service.They go the church, praying and attending church service.到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌a. They play the violin, dance and sing.b. They play the violin, dancing and singing.c. They play dance and sing to the violin.21世纪前10年，是中国民航承前启后，继往开来的重要时期。
英汉语言对比分析期末考试资料 - 副本
一引入1.What Is Language Transfer?谈谈自己的想法并举两个例子Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27)迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的影响。
奥德林Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning.对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Examples of Negative Transfer：He only eat two meal a day. Morphological transfer （词形迁移）Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. 在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。
Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population. Collocation transfer (搭配迁移)The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。
Chinese EnglishMeaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯)Paratactic语义型语言(以意统形) Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion（显性联接）Hypotactic形态型语言(以形驭意)left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion狮子型语言right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock孔雀型语言moving point of sight（视点流动）fixed point of sight（视点固定）bamboo-like sentence structure（竹式结构）with different sections linked and yet separated tree-like sentence structure （树式结构）with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk lineTopic-Comment Sentence Structure （话题-评论结构）Topic-prominent Language话题突出型语言Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure （主语-谓语结构）Subject-prominent Language主语突出型语言Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹）（语序相对固定）Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building （积木）（语序相对灵活）3.中文的竹式结构，英文的树式结构能够举例说明从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户人家，这十户人家全靠打鱼、种地为生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。
汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二．翻译下列句子（1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。
大学英语AB级翻译技巧
二、 词义引申 翻译时要考虑词汇之间不同的词义色彩 （内涵和外延），感情色彩（褒义贬义）， 语体色彩（书面语和口语），还要考虑不同 的语法功能和搭配习惯。应根据上下文和逻 辑关系，从该词的本义出发，进一步加以引 申，选择比较恰当的汉语词汇来表达。切记， 从词的本义出发，不可脱离原文，不可任意 发挥。
3. Will you need an experienced desk clerk for your hotel next summer? 不知贵旅馆明年夏天是否需要一名有经验 的前台服务员？ 4. Sometimes clouds are dark simply because they are very thick. 有时云呈黑色，这是云层很厚的缘故。 （加了“这是……的缘故）
省略物主代词：英语用物主代词多于汉语 1.She puts on her clothes. 她穿上衣服。 省略非人称代词 1. It was a cold morning of spring when I went to see her. 我在一个寒冷的春天早晨去见她。
省略并列连词，and和or 1. This little room is warm and cozy. 这个小房间温暖舒适。 省略作宾语的代词 1. Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。
三、正反译
正说反译： 英语从正面表达，译成汉语从反面表达。 1. Admission by invitation only! 非请莫入。 2. Please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. 飞机停稳前，请不要离开座位。 3. He would be the last man to say such things. 他绝不可能说这种话。
汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点
1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。
新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳
以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了，已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看，重点看第四章！！！其他爱看不看啦...2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。
9页a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir.b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan—the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning.C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。
9页a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials.b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays.A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two.练习四58页1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。
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新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a 与b题型归纳work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了，已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看，重点看第四章！！！其他爱看不看啦...2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。
9页a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir.b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan— the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning.C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。
9页a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials.b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays. A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two.练习四58页1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。
a. It's the winter of 1917. The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living.b. It happened during the winter of 1917. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early.2.世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。
a. The world's affairs, well understood, are all scholarship.Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature.b. True learning implies a clear insight into human activities.Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships.3.这尊塑像站了几百年了,他觉得这是一种苦役。
a. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery.b. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue felt that it was hard labor.13.西风,秋水,雁阵,衔着落日的远山,交融在一起,更增添打猎者的无限兴致。
(徐光兴《枪口》) 66页a. The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.b.An autumn stream ruffled by the west wind, and the lines of wild geese set against the background of distant mountains embracing the sinking sun, har-moniously merged to enhance the joy of hunters.(琥珀译)14.我接着便有许多话,想要连珠一般涌出…·…但又觉得被什么挡着似的,单在脑里面回旋,吐不出口外去。
(鲁迅《故乡》) 67页a.There were so many things then to talk about that I wanted to spew them out like a string of beads .. But something seemed to hold me back. Everything just swirled around in my head and I couldn' t get the words out.(杨宪益、戴乃迭1956年译文)b. After this there were so many things I wanted to talk about, they should have poured out like a string of beads.. But I was tongue-tied, unable to put all I was thinking into words.(杨宪益、戴乃迭1980年译文)练习五 71页一、结合语言语境选择较贴切的译文。
1.他昨天擦破了皮,现在到医院换药去了。
a. He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital.b. He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressings in the hospital.2.佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。
可是由于母亲的聪明能干,却舒服。
a. The life of a tenant farmer's family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.b. The life of a tenant farmer's family was of course hard, but it was somehow comfortable because mother was a clever and able woman.3.富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
a. You will be enchanted by the unique European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture.b. You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.4.不搞改革,不坚持开放政策,我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。
这是一个关,这个关必须过。
a. We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. This is a key process we must go through.b.We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. This is a barrier we must stride across.练习七84页1.务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统,提倡勤俭,崇尚节约。
a. It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage and uphold industry and thrift to prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development.b. It is imperative to carr y on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage frugality, and prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development2.这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁,鸟语花香,生意盎然,一派秀丽景色。
a. Wild flowers and old pines on the precipice, with birds singing among them form a beautiful scene full of life and vitalityb. Sheer precipice and overhanging rocks are enveloped by wild flowers and old pine trees. Beautiful and magnificent scenery prevails with singing birds and fragrant flowers and everything full of life and vitality3.我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上,进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。