自动化专业英语.pptx
自动化专业英语5.ppt
自动化专业
第五讲 Transient Analysis by Root-
Locus Methods
准备课文后的单词 （5 min）
补充单词
oscillatory a.
damp
v.
asymptote n.
magnitude n.
lope
vi. n.
pole n. zero n. qualitative a. quantitative a. step response
Transient Analysis by RootLocus Methods
读课文 5 min 分析课文
补充介绍：
长句的译法
语法结构复杂 修饰成分多 内容层次在两个以上 带有修饰性短语或附加成分
修饰性短语： 介词短语 不定式短语 分词短语 动名词短语 形容词短语
附加成分: 插入语 同位语 独立成分
2. The transfer function is an expression relating the output and input of a linear time-invariant system in terms of the system parameters and is a property of the system itself, independent of the input or driving function.
第
and zeros may be complex, is a complex function and may, therefore, be handled as a
3 vector having a magnitude and an
段 associated angle or argument. Each of the
自动化专业英语翻译P5U3PPT教学课件
related information and preferably organized. ▪ 数据库是一个相互关联且组织良好的信息的集合。
[2] It is appropriate to discover how different database
July 28, 2007
自动化专业英语教程
教学课件
Email :
2020/12/12http: //
1
P5U3A
Fundamentals of the Database System
第五部分第三单元课文A
数据库基础
A 数据库基础
1. 课文内容简介：主要介绍《数据库基础》中的数据库概念、 数据库模型和数据库应用等内容。
理解数据库模型 严格的说数据库模型或数据模型是什么？有众多的、精 确的解释。笼统地说数据库模型可被用来描述存储在计算机 内有组织、有规则的信息集合。这个有规则的数据集合是按 照更高效的读取和改变数据的方法用数据建模方案来构建的。 取决于所用数据库的应用类型，可以修改数据库结构以有效 地改变数据。在过去的50年中，各种数据库建模技术（尤其 是在数据检索和数据交换方面）的发展大相径庭，但为了满 足提高效率的要求，这些做法都是恰如其分的。在讨论数据 库建模和它的演变过程之前，先了解一下应用很有必要。
best served by implementing a denormalized duplication
of an OLTP source database. ▪ 数据仓库的数据库建模方案通过实施一个OLTP源数据库
的非规化的副本来实现。
自动化专业英语整套课件完整版电子教案最全ppt整本书课件全套教学教程(最新)
Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)
Assembly drawings may be divided into two types depending on the proposed use:
1 .General assembly where the main purpose is to identify the individual components and show their working relationship;
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Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)
Working Drawings(I)
During the design process, an engineer records ideas by means of sketches and design drawings of prototypes and their development. Once satisfied with the degree of perfection, the sketches are handed over to the draftsman who "takes off" the detail and makes working drawings of the whole unit. ①
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Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)
New Words and Expressions 1. working drawings 工作图 2. sketch n.草图，简图 3. prototype ['prautataip] n.原型，样机 4. development [di'velapmant] n.发展，研制 5. perfection n.完成，完美 6. draftsman ['dra:ftsman] n.绘图员 7. detail [‘di:teil] n.零件;细节,详细;详图
电气工程及其自动化专业英语ppt课件
seen, increase of current from zero to
I≈I1 causes the terminal voltage of the source to decrease linearly
V12=V=E－VS=E－RSI
Fig.1.3
In other words, the voltage drop VS across the source resistance rises in proportion to the current. This goes on until
电气工程及其自动化专业英语
Specialized English for Electrical Engineering ＆ Its Automation 戴文进 主 编 杨植新 副主编
1
Contents
• Part 1 Electrics and Electronics • Part 2 Electric Machinery • Part 3 Electrical Engineering • Part 4 Modern Computer Control
• When a load is connected to the source terminals (the circuit is then said to be loaded) and the circuit is closed, a current begins to flow round it. Now the voltage between source terminals 1 and 2 (called the terminal voltage) is not equal to its e.m.f. because of the voltage drop VS inside the source, that is, across the source resistance RS VS=RSI
自动化专业英语IntroductionstoOptimalControlSystems课件
专业英语
12
2. 译成汉语的联合复句
He made notes as he was listening to the lecture. (时间状语从句译成汉语的 并列关系)
他边听课，边做记录。
2024年8月5日2时7分
专业英语
13
3. 译成汉语的简单句 When I make a speech, I get nervous. 我演讲时总是有些紧张。
7. compromise n.妥协，和解
8. tractable adj.易驾驭的
9. payload n.有效载荷[负载]
10. vehicle n.车辆，运载工具
11. residual
adj. 剩余的，残留的
12. propellant adj.推进的
n. 推进物，火药
13. velocity n.速度，速率，迅速
optimal control system within limits imposed by physical constraints是并 列宾语。连词that引导的宾语从句作介 词in的宾语。
2024年8月5日2时7分
专业英语
5
(2) In solving problems of optimal control systems, we may have the goal of finding a rule for determining the present control decision, subject to certain constraints which will minimize some measure of a deviation from ideal behavior.
电气工程及其自动化专业英语 ppt课件
If possible (necessary)如果可能（必要）Where possible 在可能的情况下
Grammar Features
语法特点
(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 （准确、精炼）
It句型：it 充当形式主语，避免句子“头重脚轻”
祈使句: 无主语，精炼。
It is very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to… It takes very much time learning… It is clear (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that… It happened that … It must be admitted that…
Let A be equal to B.设A等于B。 Consider a high-pressure chamber. 假如有一个高气压气候室。
Grammar Features
语法特点
(5) 复杂长句使用频繁 （准确、精炼）
为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系，使用大量从句
1) It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.
就像图1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。
自动化专业英语_lesson1
Lesson 1 Introduction toControl SystemPartΙIntroductionAutomatic control has played a vital role in the advancement of engineering and science. In addition to its extreme importance in space-vehicle, missile-guidance, and aircraft-piloting systems, etc, automatic control has become an important and integral part of modern manufacturing and industrial processes. For example, automatic control is essential in such industrial operations as controlling pressure, temperature, humidity, viscosity, and flow in the process industries; tooling, handling, and assembling mechanical parts in the manufacturing industries, among many others.Since advances in the theory and practice of automatic control provide means for attaining optimal performance of dynamic systems, improve the quality and lower the cost of production, expand the production rate, relieve the drudgery of many routine, repetitive manual operations etc, most engineers and scientists must now have a good understanding of this field.The first signific ant work in automatic control was James Watt’s centrifugal governor for the speed control of a steam engine in the eighteenth century. Other significant works in the early stages of development of control theory were due to Minorsky, Hazen, and Nyquist, among many others. In 1922 Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships and showed how stability could be determined by the differential equations describing the system. In 1934 Hazen, who introduced the term “servomechanisms” for position con trol systems, discussed design of relay servomechanisms capable of closely following a changing input.During the decade of the 1940’s, frequency-response methods made it possible for engineers to design linear feedback control systems that satisfied performance requirements. From the end of the 1940’s to early 1950’s, the root-locus method in control system design was fully developed.The frequency-response and the root-locus methods, which are the core of classical theory, lead to systems that are stable and satisfy a set of more or less arbitrary performance requirements. Such systems are, in general, not optimal in any meaningful sense. Since the late 1950’s, the emphasis on control design problems has been shifted from the design of one of many systems that can work to the design of one optimal system in some meaningful sense.As modern plants with many inputs and outputs become more and more complex, the description of a modern control system requires a large number of equations. Classical control theory, which deals only with single-input-single-output (SISO) systems, becomes entirelypowerless for multiple-input-multiple-output systems (MIMO). Since about 1960, modern control theory has been developed to cope with the increased complexity of modern plants and the stringent requirements on accuracy, weight, and industrial applications.Because of the readily available electronic analog, digital, and hybrid computers for use in complex computations, the use of computers in the design of control systems and the use of on-line computers in the operation of control systems are now becoming common practice.The most recent developments in modern control theory may be said to be in the direction of the optimal control of both deterministic and stochastic systems as well as the adaptive and learning control of complex systems. Applications of modern control theory to such nonengineering fields as biology, economics, medicine, and sociology are now under way, and interesting and significant results can be expected in the near future.PartⅡTerminology Used in Control SystemNext we shall introduce the terminology necessary to describe control systems.Plants. A plant is a piece of equipment, perhaps just a set of machine parts functioning together, the purpose of which is to perform a particular operation. Here we shall call any physical object to be controlled (such as a heating furnace, a chemical reactor, or a spacecraft) a plant.Systems. A system is a combination of components that act together and perform a certain objective. A system is not limited to abstract, dynamic phenomena such as those encountered in economics. The word “system” should, therefore, be interpreted to imply physical, biological, economic, etc., system.Disturbances. A disturbance is a signal which tends to adversely affect the value of the output of a system. If a disturbance is generated within the system, it is called internal, while an external disturbance is generated outside the system and is an input.Feedback control. Feedback control is an operation which, in the presence of disturbances, tends to reduce the difference between the output of a system and the reference input (or an arbitrarily varied, desired state) and which does so on the basis of this difference. Here, only unpredictable disturbance (i.e., those unknown beforehand) are designated for as such, since with predictable or known disturbances, it is always possible to include compensation with the system so that measurements are unnecessary.Feedback control systems. A feedback control system is one which tends to maintain a prescribed relationship between the output and the reference input by comparing these and using the difference as a means of control.Note that feedback control systems are not limited to the field of engineering but can be found in various nonengineering fields such as economics and biology. For example, the human organism, in one aspect, is analogous to an intricate chemical plant with an enormous variety of unit operations. The process control of this transport and chemical-reaction network involves a variety of control loops. In fact, human organism is an extremely complex feedback control system.Servomechanisms. A servomechanism is a feedback control system in which the output is some mechanical position, velocity, or acceleration. Therefore, the terms servomechanism and position- (or velocity- or acceleration-) control system are synonymous. Servomechanisms are extensively used in modern industry. For example, the completely automatic operation of machine tools, together with programmed instruction, may be accomplished by use of servomechanisms.Automatic regulating systems. An automatic regulating system is a feedback control system in which the reference input or the desired output is either constant or slowly varying with time and in which the primary task is to maintain the actual output at the desired value in the presence of disturbances.A home heating system in which a thermostat is the controller is an example of an automatic regulating system. In this system, the thermostat setting (the desired temperature) is compared with the actual room temperature. A change in the desired room temperature is a disturbance in this system. The objective is to maintain the desired room temperature despite changes in outdoor temperature. There are many other examples of automatic regulating systems, some of which are the automatic control of pressure and of electric quantities such as voltage, current and frequency.Process control systems. An automatic regulating system in which the output is a variable such as temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, or pH is called a process control system. Process control is widely applied in industry. Programmed controls such as the temperature control of heating furnaces in which the furnace temperature is controlled according to a preset program are often used in such systems. For example, a preset program may be such that the furnace temperature is raised to a given temperature in a given time interval and then lowered to another given temperature in some other given time interval. In such program control the set point is varied according to the preset time schedule. The controller then functions to maintain the furnace temperature close to the varying set point. It should be noted that most process control systems include servomechanisms as an integral part.Part ⅢNew Words and PhrasesNew Words:1. analogous[ə'næləgəs]adj. 类似的，相似的2. drudgery['drʌdʒəri] n. 苦差事，苦工3. differential [difə'renʃəl]adj. [数学] 微分的n. [数学] 微分4. deterministic[di,tə:mi'nistik]adj. 可定的，明确的，决定性的，确定性的5. designate['dezigneit]vt.指明，指出，任命，指派6. function['fʌŋkʃən]n. 官能，功能，职责，仪式；函数vi. (器官等) 活动，运行，行使职责7. humidity [hju:'miditi]n. 湿气，潮湿，湿度8. hybrid['haibrid] computer 混[复]合计算机9. integral ['intigrəl]adj. [数学]积分的n. [数学] 整数，积分10. intricate['intrikit]adj. 复杂的，错综的，难以理解的11. interval['intəvəl]n. 间隔，距离，幕间休息12. optimal ['ɔptəməl]adj. 最佳的，最优的，最理想的13. plant[plɑ:nt]n.工厂，对象，车间，设备，联合装置14. preset[pri:'set]vt.事先调整，预先安置，预先调试15. relieve [ri'li:v]vt.减轻，解除，援救，救济，换班16. routine [ru:'ti:n]n. 例行公事，常规，惯例，日常事务，程序adj. 常规的，平淡的，乏味的17. relay [ri'lei]n.继电器18. stringent ['strindʒənt]adj. 严厉的，迫切的19. stochastic[stə'kæstik]adj. 随机的，机遇的，偶然的，推测的20. servomechanism ['sə:vəu'mekənizəm] n. 伺服机构(系统)，自动控制装置，跟踪器21. synonymous[si'nɔniməs]adj. 同义的22. terminology[,tə:mi'nɔlədʒi]n. 术语学，术语，专门名词23. thermostat['θə:məstæt]n. 自动调温器，温度调节装置24. tooling['tu:liŋ]n. 用刀具加工，工具，机床安装25. unpredictable['ʌnpri'diktəbl]adj. 不可预知的26. viscosity[vis'kɔsiti]n. 黏质，黏性27. velocity [vi'lɔsiti]. n. 速度，速率Phrases:1. adaptive and learning control (自)适应与学习控制2. centrifugal [sen'trifjugəl] governor 离心调速器3. common practice 常规，习惯作法，一般惯例4. liquid['likwid]level 液位5. machine tools 机床6. under way 在进行中，在行进，起步的，启动的常用拉丁缩写：1. i.e. [,ai'i:]abbr. [拉] id est [id’est]＝that is (to say) 也，即，就是2. etc abbr. [拉] et cetera：[ètsétɚrə] 等等Part ⅣExercises1. Translate the following into English.电流常数偏差流量根轨迹参考输入控制回路设定值过程控制最优控制反馈控制自动调节系统古典控制理论现代控制理论内扰外扰准确性稳定性频率响应时域响应2.Translate the following into ChineseIn many cases, the design of control system is based on some theory rather than intuition or trail-and-error. Control theory is used for dealing with the dynamic response of a system to commands, regulations, or disturbances. The application of control theory has essentially two phases: dynamic analysis and control system design. The analysis phase is concerned with determination of the response of a plant (the controlled object) to commands, disturbance, and changes in the plant parameters. If the dynamic response is satisfactory, there need be no second phase. If the response is unsatisfactory, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements (the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.。
自动化与电子信息专业英语教程(英文版)(ppt 72页)
2.1 Interpreting a digital IC datasheet 2.2 Diodes and Transistors(Ⅰ) 2.3 Diodes and Transistors(II) 2.4 The Ideal of Op-amp（I） 2.5 The Ideal of Op-amp（II） 2.6 Boolean Algebra 2.7 Number System 2.8 Flip-Flops and Latches 2.9 Programmable logic Device
negative portion
负半周
full-wave bridge rectifier 全波桥式整流
transformers
变压器
in conjunction with
与…连接
bipolar junction
双极性
proportionality constant 比例常数
base
基极
collector
“in which” 引起 定语从句，修饰 “power supplies”
这是个典型主从复合句。
全句可译为“二极管的一个主要应用是 AC信号 整流，尤其是在某些需要将 AC 电转化为 DC 电的电源中。”
2.3 Diodes and Transistors(II)
2.3.2 Specialized English Words
本句结果较复杂，主句为“Saying that … beyond ” ，“Saying”为动名词作主语，它的宾 语为“that” 引导名词从句。 “means”为主语 “Saying …”的谓语动词，而“that its impedance…”为“means”的宾语从句，而这个从 句又有自己的结果状语“so that…” 。 全句可译为“我们说二极管在 以上导通的电流 无穷大实际上是指它的阻抗变得如此之小导致它 不再是电路中的限制因素。”
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阅读方法
• Skimming：浏览或者略读。只需要理解文
章内容的大约50%，快速地获取中心意思 和重点。
• Scanning：浏览或者查阅。查阅只需要从
文章中有目的地迅速查找某一具体事实或 者特定信息。
• Fast reading：快速阅读。速度为200~350
自动化专业英语ຫໍສະໝຸດ 课程性质和目的• 初步掌握自动化专业的专业词汇和常用表
达方法；
• 能够借助专业词典阅读和翻译专业资料、
专业教材、与自动化技术有关的说明书、 手册或者其它技术资料；
• 能够初步撰写专业论文摘要和常用应用文。
文献范围
• 电路（Theory of Circuit） • 模拟电子技术（Analog Electronics Technology） • 数字电子技术（Digital Electronics Technology） • 电机学（Theory of Electric Electric Motors） • 自动控制理论（Automatic Control Theory） • 现代控制理论（Modern Control Theory） • 微机原理（Principle of Microcomputer） • 计算机控制技术（Computer Control Techniques） • 过程控制系统（Process Control System）
• voltage source 电压源 • current source 电流源 • magnitude 幅值 • equivalent electrical circuit 等效电路 • Kirchhoff Law 基尔霍夫定律 • inductor voltage 电感电压
• 定律 law：各种现象之间恒定关系的简洁陈述。
– What are the three polarities of a transistor?
• 2、Please translate the second paragraph of
“The Operational Amplifier” into Chinese.
英语阅读时要注意的几个问题
• 注意转折词 • 以意群为单位进行阅读 • 注意文章的类型 • 注意整体把握
WPM。要求基本上理解文章内容。
• 精读：在阅读的同时对文章从各方面进行
分析。
New words
• power electronics technology: 电力电子技术 • resultant a. （作为）结果（而产生）的、结局的、
最后的
• be proportional to： 与……成比例 • summation n. 相加、累加、求和 • proportionality constant 比例常数、比例系数
• 用三相传输法所消耗的铜只相当于单相传
输法所传输同等电量所用铜的四分之三。
New words
• Gain 增益 • on the order of …… 在……数量级 • KVL Kirchhoff Voltage Law
• One problem with electronic devices
• the distribution of three-phase power
requires only three-fourths as much line copper as does the single-phase distribution of the same amount of power.
corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system.
• 对于一般的放大器。一个问题是其增益AU
或者AI取决于两端口系统的内部特性。
• Operational amplifiers are differential
devices
• 运算放大器为差动装置
• 通读“Transistors”一至两遍。并回答以下问题：
– What is semiconductor material?
– Normally how many leads does a transistor get?
UNIT 5
A：One of the DC-to-DC Switchmode Converters-buck Converter
New words
• buck converter 降压变换器 • kilohertz n. 千赫芝
• boost converter 升压变换器 • dissipate vt. 消耗
• steady state 稳态
• low-pass 低通
• filter n. 滤波器
• instantaneous ad. 瞬间的
• impedance n. 阻抗
• fluctuate v. 波动、起伏
• duration n. 持续（时间） • saw-tooth 锯齿（波）
• force commutated 强制换
专业词汇
• 电气工程 • 自动控制 • 计算机
考试
• 考试内容全部来自教材内 • 阅读：50% • 翻译：35% • 写作：15% • 不能带词典
要求
• 生词记熟 • 每篇课文至少读三遍
– 课前1遍 – 课内1遍 – 课后1遍
课前预习
• 通读课文1遍 • 生词查出 • 在页边按1、5、10……标上页内行标。页内
Ohm’s Law, Faraday’s law, Kerchhoff’s first law, the law of gravity.
• 定义 definition：表达基本特征的说明
• 定理 theorem: 在已明晰的假设基础上已被证
明或将被证明的命题
New words
• Power factor ：功率因数 • phasor ：相图、相量 • vector ：向量，矢量
流
• duty ratio 占空比