专八语言学资料2

【 1 】As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. descriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. prescriptiveD. psycholinguistic【 2 】The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult【 3 】The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in and vocabulary.A. usageB. grammarC. pronunciationD. structure【 4 】According to_____, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user.A. Roman JacobsonB. Leonard BloomfieldC. Kenneth PikeD. Noam Chomsky【 5 】The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ______.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner【 6 】Which of the following is NOT related to Noam Chomsky?A. Deep StructureB. Theme and RhemeC. Transformational ComponentD. Surface Structure【7 】The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics【8 】Which of the following are NOT relational antonyms?A. give: receiveB. father: sonC. clever: stupidD. teacher: student【9 】Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics ofspeech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?A. SemanticsB. PhonologyC. PhoneticsD. Pragmatics【10 】“I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of ________A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement【11 】Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing【12 】“Don‟t end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _____ rules.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. transformationalD. functional【13 】A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. subordinatorC. prepositionD. particle【14 】refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. PidginC. CreoleD. Standard language【15 】Which of the following is the correct description of [v]?A. voiceless labiodental fricativeB. voiced labiodental stopC. voiceless labiodental stopD. voiced labiodental fricative【16 】According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition【17 】_________meaning is concerned with the relationship between a word andthe thing it refers to.A. DenotativeB. ConnotativeC. AffectiveD. Reflective【18 】Which of the following are gradable antonyms?A. good---badB. male----femaleC. alive----deadD. buy-----sell【19 】Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GermanicB. RomanC. ItalianD. Greek【20 】Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A. voiceB. numberC. caseD. gender【21 】In the following conversation:- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.The second person violates the__________.A. Quantity MaximB. Quality MaximC. Manner MaximD. Relation Maxim【22 】There are__________ diesis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday.A. 6B.5C. 4D. 3【23 】The sense relation between ewe and sheep is _________A. synonymB. polysemyC. hyponymyD. homonymy【24 】The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism【25 】In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. ScandinavianC. CelticD. Roman【26 】“Can I borrow your bike?” _____ “ You have a bike.”A. presupposesB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. is synonymous with【27 】When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing__________.A. a perlocutionary actB. an illocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the above【28 】The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman【29 】“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.A. the conceptualist viewB. behaviorismC. the naming theoryD. contexutalism【30 】In Shakespearean line …rats and mice and such small deer‟, deer obviously designates …_____‟ in general.A. animalB. a doeC. a deer-like animalD. buck【 1 】Arbitrariness means you can use languages in any way you like.【 2 】The meaning of meat changed by mode of degradation.【 3 】One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their etymology.【 4 】In some languages, grammatical gender had little to do with the biological sex.【 5 】Geographical barriers are the only source of regional variation of language. 【 6 】Language change is a gradual and constant process, therefore often indiscernible to speakers of the same generation.【7 】The naming theory is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning. According to this theory, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for.【8 】Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.【9 】A person‟s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.【10 】A linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use.【 1 】C is a word-formation whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another without the addition of an affix.【 2 】The p relation is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in structure, or between one element present and the others absent.【 3 】Affective meaning indicates the speaker‟s a towards the person or thing in question.【 4 】Homonymy refers to cases where lexemes with the same phonological or m_________________ shape have different meanings.【 5 】Cooperative principle: Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted p or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.【 6 】Speakers give us clues about when they are finished speaking, about when they are going to change a topic, or when they expect us to speak or not to speak. These clues are known as discourse m .【7 】The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .【8 】 A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a m of communication among groups of people from diverse linguistic backgrounds.【9 】The t is the starting point for the message; it is the ground from which the clause is taking off.【10 】Language is a : no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes, e.g. “pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with.1~5：Conversion paradigmatic attitude morphological purpose6~10：markers bilabial medium theme arbitrary。