精品解析：湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2019届高三上学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)
武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2019届高三上学期期中考试语文试题第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
美和伦理、经济等概念不一样，美更多涉及人对事物的情感评价，而且这种评价均趋于正面。
以此为背景，审美的超功利性促进人追求雅化生活并对生活抱理想态度，这些都天然地通向一种健康、乐观、高尚的道德情操。
也就是说，审美不是道德，但它却天然孕育并涵养着道德。
中国传统文明萌芽于上古时期的巫史传统，但与西方不同的是，中国上古的“巫”并没有发展出对后世文明产生强大统摄作用的宗教，而是显现出更理智清明的特点。
这一特点的表现就是以关善相济作为社会的核心价值观。
这一价值观念的确立始于西周时期周公的制礼作乐。
礼主要涉及道德伦理问题，但由其昭示的人的行为的雅化和群体活动的仪式化，则是审美的；乐是中国社会早期对诗、乐、舞等艺术形式的统称，它预示的心性、社会乃至天地人神的整体和谐，却指向伦理性的至善理想。
虽然按照现代学科划分，关与善之间存在分界，但在中国传统文化的价值论述中，两者却是混融的。
在中国传统文化中，关与善之间仍然存在差异。
比如在《论语·八佾》中，孔子评价上古乐舞《武》“尽关矣，未尽善也”，《韶》则“尽关矣，又尽善也”。
这一方面说明关的未必就是善的，另一方面则说明善必然是从关出发的善，美对于道德之善而言具有奠基性和先发性。
正是因此，自孔子以降，中国儒家主张以审美教育涵养道德教育，即以美储善。
中国传统儒家强调美对善的生成和涵养作用，同时也强调善向关的二次生成。
人们相信，人的内在道德品质与外在形貌具有一体关系，良善的本性总会以美的形象向外显现。
基于这种看法，孟子认为涵养内在的“浩然之气”是培育君子之德的要务，被这种道德化的浩然之气充盈的状态就是美的状态。
当代的儒家伦理学研究中，人们习惯于将中国儒家关于关、德关系的看法限定在个体化的人性养成方面，但事实上，它却具有家国天下的广远视野。
按《诗经·泮水》等文献，起码在春秋时期，中国即存在完整的国家礼乐教育体系，天子有辟雍，诸侯有泮宫，民间有庠序。
宋元以降，借助话本和曲艺等民众喜闻乐见的形式，礼乐精神更在民间得到了广泛的传播和弘扬。
要而言之，在中国古代，美一方面涵养道德，另一方面引领道德；它在个体层面涉及“以美立人”问题，在国家层面涉及“以美立国”问题。
从中国历史看，由儒家确立的社会道德原则和伦理秩序之所以具有纵贯数千年的生命力，关键在于它借助美和艺术深化了道德的人性基础，活化了社会伦理秩序，软化了诸多人伦规则的机械和僵硬，使其更合乎人性和人情。
认清这一点，有助于更深刻地体认美育之于中国当代学校乃至国民教育的重要性，同时也有助于为国家道德建设开启出一条更趋行稳致远的道路。
（摘编自刘成纪《中国古典美学中的“美”与“德”》）1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是A. 美为人对事物的正面情感评价，促进人对生活抱理想态度，拥有健康、高尚情操。
B. 以美善相济作为社会的核心价值观，是中国传统文明优于西方文明的典型表现。
C. 孔子指出美善差异及美对善的生成与涵养，孟子则正好相反，强调善向美的生成。
D. 美介入道德教化，对中国传统文化的价值，既立于个体又面向群体和国家。
2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是A. 文章首先从概念入手阐释了美与德的基本关系，再放入中国文化的语境中具体分析。
B. 文章引用《论语》《诗经》等文献来论证中国传统文化中美与善之间是具有差异性的。
C. 文章分析美与善在中国传统文化中既相融又有差异的特点时，层次清晰且具辩证性。
D. 认为审美不是道德却能孕育并涵养道德，这是文章论述中国文化中美与善关系的前提。
3. 根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是A. 在中国传统儒家看来，美是源发意义上人性向善的内部动因，也是道德外化的形式。
B. 所谓以美储善，是基于美与善的差异而提出，指通过美来兴发、涵养人性中的善。
C. 中国传统儒家推行礼乐教育，就是利用了美和艺术对人性之善的滋养和化育作用。
D. 通过美育达成由美向德的自然生成，革除国民教育弊端，国家道德建设将行稳致远。
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D【解析】【1题详解】试题分析：本题主要考查关于原文内容的理解和分析。
此类试题解答时，一般先浏览选项，然后到文中找到与选项相关的语句，进行比较、辨析。
解答理解和分析题要辨明检索区间，确定对应语句；联系上下文体会，要死抠字眼。
A项，原文第一段指出“美更多涉及人对事物的情感评价”，并非等同于“人对事物的正面情感评价”；B项，原文第二段只是呈现中西文明发展中的不同，并未比较中西文明的优劣；C项，孟子并非“正好相反”，因为“中国传统儒家强调美对善的生成和涵养作用，同时也强调善向美的二次生成”。
故选D。
点睛：解答理解和分析题要辨明检索区间，确定对应语句；联系上下文体会，要死抠字眼；对词语的解说要抓住本质，将解释的含意放在被解释的词语处，看上下文是否连贯、恰当；寻求称代词与称代内容的联系，将称代的内容代入原文理解，联系全文的倾向性，检查该解释是否与全文保持一致。
【2题详解】试题分析：本题主要考查对原文论证的相关分析。
此类试题解答时，第一步，逐项审查每一个选项有几个分句，分句与分句之间是什么关系，一般的有因果、条件、假设、目的等关系。
第二步，比对每一分句的意义在原文是否有依据，分句与分句之间的逻辑关系在原文中是否有依据。
B项，“来论证中国传统文化中美与善之间是具有差异性的”错误。
引用《诗经》是为了论证中国儒家关于美、德关系的认识具有家国天下的广远视野。
故选B。
【3题详解】试题分析：本题考查对作者观点的理解。
此类试题解答时，命题的手段为改变文章的表述和概括文章的内容，此题主要从概念的内涵的方面考核，概括文章的内容较难，答题时首先阅读题干，在文中找到题干对应的区位，然后仔细分析。
D项，“革除国民教育弊端”于文无据，也与“国家道德建设将行稳致远”没有必然关系。
故选D。
（二）文学类文本阅读（本题共3小题，14分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
绝代勇将张自忠张秋铧1940年5月23日，10万军民聚集在湖北宜昌城内外，为一位殉国的将军送行。
就在前一天，将军的灵柩被抢运到宜昌，本想用汽车将将军的灵柩运到长江码头，然后乘船溯江前往重庆安葬，但宜昌的军民不肯，坚持要用十里长街相送、人工抬棺材的方式，送将军走完这抗日战场上的最后一程。
这是一位连最残酷的敌手、凶暴成性的日军，都为之脱帽致敬的绝代勇将：在湖北战场上壮烈殉国的第三十三集团军总司令、上将张自忠将军——二战时期，盟军军衔最高的阵亡将领。
战火仍在延续，日军的飞机反复在宜昌城上空盘旋，随时有轰炸人群的可能，但10万军民不为所动，依然坚持哀送将军。
日军似乎也很配合，尽管战机几次低空盘旋，但他们并未轰炸送葬的队伍。
那是1929年，张自忠升任西北军第六师师长，有一次一个营长侵吞士兵存款，张自忠查实后，立即集合全师干部，当众责打了这个营长200军棍，并撤职镣押。
张自忠经常在深夜巡视士兵寝室，帮士兵盖被子，每逢星期天，他还经常拿钱和吃喝的物品，给军队里受伤的士兵。
平日里，他和士兵们穿着一样的军服，吃着一样的大锅饭。
为了磨练官兵意志，他在冰天雪地里自己带头脱掉大衣，要士兵们跟着他一起进行雪地行军训练。
由此，张自忠的部队以“将不畏死，兵不惜命”而著称。
1937年，在卢沟桥抗战后，二十九军决定战略转移离开北平，军长宋哲元在撤退之际，要求第三十八师师长张自忠留下担任北平市长与日军进行周旋。
外界并不知张自忠奉了密令留下，当时国内的报纸，纷纷责骂张自忠是无耻汉奸，将其称为“张逆自忠”；为了洗刷这个罪名，张自忠秘密潜逃离开日军监控，南下向蒋介石汇报北平战守经过。
1938年返回部队后，张自忠面对部队官兵痛哭失声：“今日回军，除共同杀敌报国外，乃与大家共寻死所！”1940年，抗战已进入相持阶段，国民政府退守重庆，日军为了进攻重庆，连续进攻襄阳、鄂西一带。
5月1日，张自忠亲笔给三十三集团军的各部队和将领写信昭告：“国家到了如此地步，除我等为其死，毫无其他办法。
相信，只要我等能本此决心，我们国家及我五千年历史之民族，决不至亡于区区三岛倭奴之手。
”5月16日，日军获悉国军有高级将领正在南瓜店一带指挥作战，随即调集飞机和重兵，猛烈轰炸我方阵地，三十三集团军属下的七十四师主力弹药将尽，部队电话询问张自忠可否先行退却，张自忠回答道：“现在到了生死存亡之际，正是军人杀敌报国之时，子弹打完了，要用刺刀杀，刺刀断了，要用拳头打，用牙齿咬。
”上午11时许，三十三集团军的警卫团阵地被日军突破，激战到中午时，张自忠手下的2000多官兵几乎全部战亡，他身边仅剩下几十名警卫人员，将士们也仍然誓死保卫着他，并一面高喊：“司令快走，司令快走！”张自忠的副官马孝堂，向来救援的国军讲述着：“总司令猛然前扑，旋又立起，右肩后流血了！很显然是被炮弹碎片炸伤了。
到了十里长山，还在指挥，接着左臂也在流血！但是总司令仍然站在那里，怒目圆睁，大声呼喊着，指挥着。
”“他的腿上也流了血，血湿透了袜脚。
我见总司令突然向后一歪，右胸就往外喷血，总司令脱了上衣军装，让我给他裹伤，血如泉涌。
我刚包扎完，敌人就一窝蜂上来了！”对于张自忠将军的阵亡过程，侵华日军在《231联队史》中也有记载：“第四分队的藤冈一等兵端着刺刀向敌方最高指挥官模样的大身材军官冲去，此人从血泊中猛站起来，眼睛死死盯住藤冈。
当冲到距这个大身材军官只有不到三米的距离时，藤冈从他射出来的眼光中，感到有一种说不出来的威严，竟不由自主地愣在了原地。
这时背后响起了枪声，第三中队长堂野射出了一颗子弹，命中了这个军官的头部。
他的脸上微微出现了难受的表情。
此时，藤冈像是被枪声惊醒，也狠心起来，倾全身之力，举起刺刀，向高大的身躯深深扎去。
这个高大身躯再也支持不住了，像山体倒塌似的轰然倒地。
”噩耗传开后，蒋介石下令，不惜一切代价抢回张自忠将军的尸体，最终经增援的38师官兵浴血奋战，张自忠的遗体被抢运回后方，因此也就有了宜昌十万市民为将军送行的感人场面。
不久，蒋介石为张自忠题词：“一战于淝水，再战于临沂，三战于徐州，四战于随枣宜，终换得马革裹尸还！”毛泽东为张自忠题词：“尽忠报国”。
（节选自《捍疆卫士张自忠》，有删改）4. 下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是A. 小说开头部分写宜昌军民十里哀送张自忠将军的场面，渲染了一种悲恸的气氛，表达了抗战军民对这位爱国将领的崇敬之情。
B. 小说在构思上采用了倒叙手法，先写张自忠将军战死疆场，制造悬念，吸引读者，再写主人公在战争中为国捐躯的故事。
C. “今日回军，除共同杀敌报国外，乃与大家共寻死所！”，这既表达了张自忠将军誓死报国的决心，也暗示他唯有战死沙场才能洗刷汉奸罪名。
华中师大一附中2018—2019学年度上学期高三期中检测语文试题(含答案)
本题考查的是学生对于文学类文本阅读的鉴赏评价能力，学生需要通过体会以及区分重 要语句的丰富内涵，并且能够领悟该语句对全文产生的作用。
学生需要通过分析材料内容和选项进行对照，A 项“因环境恶化、资源枯竭、基因病毒、 第三次世界大战爆发乃至外星文明入侵招致终局时”错，这是美国科学家斯蒂的个人看法。 B 项，缩小范围，材料二原文表述为“在国际空间站工作的宇航员们每次最多只能在太空环 境中工作 6 个月”，另外，原因还应包括失重状态。D 项“探月工程由于人工智能的广泛应 用，已经走向强人工智能化”错误，文中并没有提到这一点。 【知识点、能力点】
本题考查学生对文章内容的分析综合能力，文中引用《诗经》和《论语》是为了不同目 的，学生需要分别理解之后再和选项对应。
【题号】3 【答案】D 【解题思路】
选项中“革除国民教育弊端”的意思在文中并没有出现，而且也与“国家道德建设将行 稳致远”没有必然联系。 【知识点、能力点】
本题考查学生的分析综合能力，通过概括文中内容并和选项内容进行对照，总结第六段 内容发现和第六段内容和选项内容不符。
学生需要整合三则材料的内容，并且从中找出有利的因素和不利的因素，其中对人类有 好处的是有利因素，没有好处的是不利因素，找到因素并进行概括。 【知识点、能力点】
本题考查学生的分析综合能力，概括文章内容。学生需要概括太空移民的有利和不利因 素，并进行总结。
【题号】10 【答案】B 【解题思路】“杂居”作为谓语，由主语“苗僚”发出；“喜”作为谓语，由主语“夷人”发 出；“伐木”“为屋”为连动，因此排除法选 B。 【知识点、能力点】该题要求学生理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。
2019-2020学年华师一附中初中部高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年华师一附中初中部高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的小说，完成各题。
老丁扶贫金光精准扶贫中，局里每名干部包扶一个贫困户，还剩一户没人帮扶。
局长拿着花名册盯了良久，对办公室主任说，让老丁去吧。
老丁是个退伍兵，来到单位二十多年连个副科级都没混上。
办公室主任把局长的决定告诉老丁，老丁只说了一个字：中！老丁包扶的是苗家沟唐大石一家。
这家就大石一个劳力，上有79 岁卧病在床的母亲，下有两个在镇上读书的娃娃，妻子两条腿畸形，只能坐在矮凳子上，以手代脚挪着前行。
老丁见唐家的光景确实愁人，就从家里拿来一些衣服被褥，又自掏腰包买了些生活必需品送到唐家。
局长批评老丁说：“你这接济式的扶贫是不行的，要扑下身子，与贫困户一起研究致富项目，只有搞产业扶贫才是出路。
”老丁就和唐大石琢磨项目，想一个被否定一个，末了对大石说：“不行咱们养猪吧，这个项目简单又不用花太多的本钱。
”大石说：“猪要吃饲料，没钱买可咋办？”老丁指着门前沟渠上长的两排灰灰菜说：“这后山沟里的草就足够养百十头猪了，还让它吃什么饲料，再说了，这猪吃草长出的肉可是难得的原生态猪肉。
”老丁领着唐大石在唐家屋后的洼地上挖八个土坑，用石头垒成猪圈，自己又掏钱买了八头猪崽，养起了猪。
老丁重新收拾了一下唐家的生活用品，又在山墙边续了一间简易房。
每周五老丁都随单位的扶贫车过来，帮着割猪草、馇猪食，白天和唐家人一起吃饭，夜里就宿在简易房里，到了周日下午才坐班车回到县城。
这样，一周保证三天住在唐家。
那天夜里，突然天降暴雨，猪圈灌满了水；老丁的简易房也漏了雨，被褥被雨淋得湿透了。
老丁赶紧把大石叫起来，两人摸黑把猪崽从水里捞出来，放到安全的地方，然后一个挨一个地把猪圈扒个小豁口，将水排放出去。
他们折腾了一夜，才将猪崽重新又安臵到猪圈里。
老丁被雨水淋病了，发高烧，回到县城住了五天医院。
当他出院随扶贫车来到唐家时，反少了一头猪崽，他问大石，大石说：“后山沟有红毛狼，夜里听见猪崽叫，起来追时，红毛狼叼着一头猪崽上山坡了。
【全国名校】2019届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)
2019届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期期中考试语 文注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
近年来，“文学式微”频频被人提及，很多人不禁发出“优秀文学作品难觅”的感叹。
与此同时，形形色色的文学奖却日渐成为 的话题，人们不仅津津乐道什么样的作品可以获得殊荣，更是密切关注其中是否存在“猫腻儿”。
当文学靠文学奖中的争议话题来引起公众关注度时，不得不说是一个“黑色幽默”。
从某种意义上说，“文学式微”之所以成为公共话题，文学作品与大众阅读之间的割裂不无关系。
一方面，公众抱怨“好书难觅”；另一方面，作家喟叹“ ”。
( )——通过公开、公正、透明的评奖过程，不仅可以向读者推荐优秀作品，而且可以帮助公众提高鉴别和欣赏能力，从而带动全民阅读的兴趣与能力。
反之，文学奖如果陶醉于孤芳自赏，不仅与大众阅读 ，其自身也难免沦为圈子里人情世故的温床。
文学奖的核心在于“文学”，“奖”应是一种水到渠成的成果，而非 的收益。
如果文学奖能多一些专业和纯粹，作家就能多一些自由和洒脱，公众也不必将宝贵的想象力浪费在文学之外的细枝末节。
1．文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是（ ）A ． 当文学靠文学奖中的争议话题来赢得公众关注度时，不得不说是一个“黑色幽默”。
B ． 当靠文学奖中的争议话题来增强公众关注度时，文学不得不说是一个“黑色幽默”。
C ． 当靠文学奖中的争议话题来提高公众关注度时，文学不得不说是一个“黑色幽默”。
湖北省华中师范大学第一附中2019-2020学年高三上学期期中英语试题(解析版)
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
4. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Teachers and students. C. Jobseeker and interviewer.
5. Where is the man now?
A
Summer is fleeting, just like the youth. But the books we read stay with us for the lifetime. Our editors independently research and recommend the following for teens to enjoy!
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where was the cat when the man came in?
A. On the desk. B. Beside the window. C. In the kitchen.
7. What will the speakers do?
A. Go to Jane’s garden. B. Report to the police. C. Telephone Jane.
湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期期中考试语文试题
时限：150分钟满分：150分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题，共70分)甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成文后各题。
石刻作为一种重要的文物形式，与陶瓷器、金属器、纸本类共同构成了我国历史文物的四大主干。
从原始社会的古代崖刻，到周代的石鼓文；从秦始皇东巡刻石，再到汉唐、宋元、明清时期的碑碣、墓志、摩崖、塔铭……石刻文物涵盖了社会生活的方方面面，有歌功颂德、记人载事的赞、颂、记、志、铭等,有各种经典文集、杂咏、题名、地图、谱系、楹联、符咒、药方等，是中国文化的重要物质载体。
从书体上看，石刻有古籀文、篆书、隶书、楷书、行书、草书等，特别是保存了大量各朝代的异体字，是研究中国文字发展史和书法史的重要资料。
现存碑刻500余座、摩崖题刻800余处的泰山石刻,展示了中国书法艺术形变神异、一脉相承的发展脉络，珍存着秦朝《李斯碑》、汉代《张迁碑》、晋代《孙夫人碑》，以及北齐《金刚经》大字和唐朝《纪泰山铭》等一大批名碑。
泰山石刻无年月和书刻者姓名可考，明孙克宏《古今石刻碑贴目》称“今考其笔法，与邹县北齐韦子琛刻经同出一手。
”清聂剑光《泰山道里记》记载：“北齐武平时,梁父令王子椿好内典，尝于徂徕刻石经二,并勒诸佛名，字迹瑰异，与其如出一手。
是经当亦子椿所作也.”1989年《书法》第二期载王恩礼、赖非撰《铁山（石颂）的初步考察与研究》认为,此刻与邹县铁山摩崖经刻在字径、书体、风格极为一致，由此断定为东岭僧安道壹所书。
以上诸说皆无定论，察其笔势风格疑为北齐人书. 石刻与藏之于秘府的典籍不同，它铭之于石,公之于众，记录、揭示的史实也较为可靠，可以作为订正古籍的有力证据和补充经史的珍贵资料，其价值不下于甲骨文之于商周史,敦煌汉简之于汉史。
两汉今古文经学的争论一直为历朝尤其是清代学者所关注，并融入到近代古史辨的学潮中，衍化成古书真伪之争。
由于无法一睹汉代文本之真，争论似永无结果。
20世纪20年代，汉魏石经残石在洛阳的出土引起学界极大轰动，王国维、罗振玉、马衡等人相继对之展开研究，初步揭开了汉魏石经的真面貌。
2019届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)
武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2019届高三上学期期中考试语文试题第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
美和伦理、经济等概念不一样，美更多涉及人对事物的情感评价，而且这种评价均趋于正面。
以此为背景，审美的超功利性促进人追求雅化生活并对生活抱理想态度，这些都天然地通向一种健康、乐观、高尚的道德情操。
也就是说，审美不是道德，但它却天然孕育并涵养着道德。
中国传统文明萌芽于上古时期的巫史传统，但与西方不同的是，中国上古的“巫”并没有发展出对后世文明产生强大统摄作用的宗教，而是显现出更理智清明的特点。
这一特点的表现就是以关善相济作为社会的核心价值观。
这一价值观念的确立始于西周时期周公的制礼作乐。
礼主要涉及道德伦理问题，但由其昭示的人的行为的雅化和群体活动的仪式化，则是审美的；乐是中国社会早期对诗、乐、舞等艺术形式的统称，它预示的心性、社会乃至天地人神的整体和谐，却指向伦理性的至善理想。
虽然按照现代学科划分，关与善之间存在分界，但在中国传统文化的价值论述中，两者却是混融的。
在中国传统文化中，关与善之间仍然存在差异。
比如在《论语·八佾》中，孔子评价上古乐舞《武》“尽关矣，未尽善也”，《韶》则“尽关矣，又尽善也”。
这一方面说明关的未必就是善的，另一方面则说明善必然是从关出发的善，美对于道德之善而言具有奠基性和先发性。
正是因此，自孔子以降，中国儒家主张以审美教育涵养道德教育，即以美储善。
中国传统儒家强调美对善的生成和涵养作用，同时也强调善向关的二次生成。
人们相信，人的内在道德品质与外在形貌具有一体关系，良善的本性总会以美的形象向外显现。
基于这种看法，孟子认为涵养内在的“浩然之气”是培育君子之德的要务，被这种道德化的浩然之气充盈的状态就是美的状态。
当代的儒家伦理学研究中，人们习惯于将中国儒家关于关、德关系的看法限定在个体化的人性养成方面，但事实上，它却具有家国天下的广远视野。
2019-2020学年华师附属高级中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年华师附属高级中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BThe Rise of Voice TechnologyVoice technology has come a long way. Just a few years ago, it would have been unusable. But now, those who follow the technology know that it has got considerably better.Writing with your voice raises several interesting questions. How difficult is it actually? Human speech involves a lot more starting and stopping with errors and the need for repairing broken sentences than you may think. Even gifted speakers make mistakes. To turn the spoken word into reasonable writing requires lots of planning. You’ll need some kinds of notes or other organisers to make it work.Another question turning speech into writing raises is the style. How would writing make the change that people speak their writing rather than type? Chances are that it would come up with many more short sentences and more concrete language, which is good. It would probably also rely on prepared phrases a lot more often, which is not available when you are speaking quickly.To confirm this, a column was not written, but dictated (听写). It was composed from brief notes written down for structure only, and it was edited for length, with all of the original errors kept in. Here were the results. The first was that the literal accuracy was extremely high. There weren’t many cases wherethe software had heard one word incorrectly and written down another. But the other result was that the readability of this column was rather bad. Obviously, the blame is not with the technology at all, which turns out to be rather good. Speaking into writing relies on a better human brain than the one we currently possess. Writing is hard. There’s a reason it can’t be done at the speed of speech, in real time.To clarify the matter, this time paragraph breaks were added after the whole writing. Punctuations (标点) had to be spoken aloud, and after a full stop, the first word in the new sentence was capitalized automatically. Some minor punctuation marks were added to make it clearer. To improve accuracy, people “trained” the softwarebeforehand, reading a prewritten passage aloud. Actually it turns out to be more effective. All of these ensure the satisfactory completion of turning speech into writing.Language is the most important tool for human interaction, and voice is one beautiful part of language. With the maturity of modern technology, it has given birth to a great change in the human-computer voice interaction.4. According to the passage, which helps to turn speech into writing in terms of style?A. There is careful planning in advance.B. Errors and broken sentences are avoided.C. People type words as fast as they say them.D. The writing contains more prepared phrases.5. To achieve better results, the author mentions some changes for ______.A. processing errors in a column.B. adding minor punctuation marks.C. increasing the number of brief notes.D. integrating short paragraphs in writing.6. The author suggests that ______.A. human brains are responsible for poor dictated writing.B. writing with voice promises to improve the quality of writing.C. writing is an unnatural act that can hardly be learned and improved.D. technology has a long way to go in the human-computer voice interaction.7. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why people fully intend to turn speech into writing.B. What role voice technology plays in improving readability.C. Where the human-computer voice interaction is at an advantage.D. How voice technology enables the change from speech into writing.CClara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant asked an urgent(紧急的) question over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Body Language?” She knew she needed to help.Clara, 15 at the time, pressed the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but hewas traveling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t understand what he needed, according to PEOPLE magazine.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help with her dyslexia (阅读障碍) and knew she’d be able to spell on the man’s palm(手掌) by finger. So she unbuckled her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt by the aisle seat of Tim Cook, then 64. Gently taking his hand, she wrote, “How are you? Are you OK?” Cook asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,” Clara said. So for the next hour, that was what they did. She talked about her family and her plans for the future (she wants to be a politician). Cook told Clara how he had gradually become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman. Even though he couldn’t see her, she “looked attentively at his face with such kindness”, a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing,” a flight attendant told Alaska Airlines in a blog interview. “You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such a warm-hearted girl.” Cook’s reaction: “Best trip I’ve ever had.”Looking for ways to offer help? Start with this random(随时的) act of kindness that can change someone’s life right now.8. The flight attendant asked an urgent question because ________.A. the passenger was traveling aloneB. the plane was in a dangerous situationC. the passenger asked for something suddenlyD. none of the flight attendants could communicate with the passenger9. Why did Clara talk about her plans for the future?A. Because the flight attendant asked her to do so.B. Because she needed topics to go on talking with Cook.C. Because Cook hoped to understand teenagers better.D. Because she wanted to show her dream for the future.10. Which of the following words can best describe Clara?A. Kind and caring.B. Warm-hearted and brave.C. careful and calm.D. opened-minded and confident.11. The passage is mainly written to ________.A. tell a touching story of an amazing girlB. show the great importance of American Body LanguageC. encourage readers to give a hand kindly and randomlyD. show how kind the flight attendant was to help CookDGrowing up as kids we are told to share our toys and notto be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn'texclusiveto this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet x k w someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学），says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-provided that the posts that we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well", would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.12. What does the underlined word “exclusive" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Unique.B. Similar.C. Relevant.D. Fundamental.13. Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?A. To draw others' attention.B. To satisfy others' curiosity.C. To remove negative feelings.D. To develop good relationships.14. Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?A. Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.B. Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.C. Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.D. Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.15. According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?A. Reflecting on past bad manners.B. Showing a great many expensive goods.C. Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.D. Recording unforgettable moments with friends.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期期中考试数学文试题扫描含答案
华中师大一附中2019—2020学年度上学期期中检测高三年级文科数学试题参考答案一、选择题：BBBDA CDDCA BA二、填空题：13.2 14. 且15. 4 16. ②③三、解答题：17.解：对于命题，成立，若为真，（1）当时，，，符合题意，（2）当时，，在有解，且，综合（1）、（2）可知，命题为真，有；-------------------4分对于命题，成立，成立，，（当且仅当时取等号）对于命题为真，有，--------------------8分如果或为真，且为假，则它们两个一真一假，若真假，则有且，得到，若假真，则有且，得到. ---------------------10分综上所述，所求实数的取值范围为。
---------------------------12分18.解：（1）由正弦定理得，即，即有，即,又，所以，因为角为锐角，所以． --------6分（2）由（1）得，所以，又，由余弦定理可得：，所以． ---------------12分19.解：（1）设，则由已知得，所以为常数，所以数列是以为首项以为公比的等比数列，则，所以. ------------------------------------6分（2）由（1）知两式相减得，所以--------------------------------------12分20.解：（Ⅰ）证明：设，连结，在中，因为，且平分，所以为的中点，又为的中点，从而，因为平面，平面，所以平面； ---------------4分（Ⅱ）因为平面，平面，所以，由（1）知，，平面，平面，从而平面；--------------------8分（Ⅲ）在中，，，得在中，从而，则故四棱锥的体积. -----------------------12分21.解:（1）因为，所以，因此，所以函数的图象在点处的切线方程为，由得.由，得. ----------------------3分（2）因为，所以，由题意知在上有解，因为，设，因为，则只要解得，所以的取值范围是。
湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2019届高三上学期期中考试数学(文)试题(解析版)
湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2019届高三上学期期中考试数学（文）试题（解析版）一、选择题（本大题共12小题）1.已知集合A={x|−2<x<4}，B={x|y=lg(x−2)}，则A∩(∁R B)=()A. (2,4)B. (−2,4)C. (−2,2)D. (−2,2]【答案】D【解析】解：B={x|x>2}；∴∁R B={x|x≤2}；∴A∩(∁R B)=(−2,2]．故选：D．进行补集和交集的运算即可．考查描述法表示集合的概念，交集和补集的运算．2.若复数z=i2018(1−i)2(i为虚数单位)，则z的共轭复数z=()A. 1+iB. iC. −12i D. 12i【答案】D【解析】解：∵z=i 2018(1−i)2=(i4)504⋅i2−2i=−1−2i=−i−2i2=−12i，∴z=12i．故选：D．由虚数单位i得性质化简，再由复数代数形式的乘除运算化简求得z，则复数z可求．本题考查复数代数形式的乘除运算，考查了复数的基本概念，是基础题．3.已知tan(α−π4)=12，则sinα+cosαsinα−cosα的值为()A. 12B. 2C. 2√2D. −2【答案】B【解析】解：由tan(α−π4)=tanα−11+tanα=12，得tanα=3．则sinα+cosαsinα−cosα=tanα+1tanα−1=3+13−1=2．故选：B．由tan(α−π4)=12，求出tanα，然后对表达式的分子、分母同除以cosα，然后代入即可求出表达式的值．本题考查了三角函数的化简求值，注意表达式的分子、分母同除以cosα，是解题的关键，是基础题．4. 设变量x ，y 满足约束条件{x +3y −6≥0x −y −6≤0y −1≤0，则目标函数z =y −3x 的最小值为()A. −8B. −18C. −20D. −21【答案】C【解析】解：由z =y −3x ，得y =3x +z ， 作出变量x ，y 满足约束条件{x +3y −6≥0x −y −6≤0y −1≤0对应的可行域 平移直线y =3x +z ，由平移可知当直线y =3x +z 经过点A 时， 直线y =3x +z 的截距最小，此时z 取得最值，由{y =1x−y−6=0，解得A(7,1)代入z =y −3x ，得z =1−3×7=−20， 即z =y −3x 的最小值为−20． 故选：C ．作出不等式组对应的平面区域，利用数形结合进行求解即可．本题主要考查线性规划的应用，利用目标函数的几何意义，结合数形结合的数学思想是解决此类问题的基本方法．5. 下列说法中，错误的是( )A. 若“p ∨q ”为假命题，则p 与q 均为假命题B. 在△ABC 中，“sin2A =sin2B ”是“A =B ”的必要不充分条件C. 若命题p ：∃x 0∈R ，x 02≥0，则命题￢p ：∀x ∈R ，x 2<0 D. “sinx =12”的一个必要不充分条件是“x =5π6”.【答案】D【解析】解：若“p ∨q ”为假命题，则p 与q 均为假命题，故A 正确；在△ABC 中，“sin2A =sin2B ”不一定推得“A =B ”，比如A =30∘，B =60∘， 反之成立，则在△ABC 中，“sin2A =sin2B ”是“A =B ”的必要不充分条件，故B 正确；若命题p ：∃x 0∈R ，x 02≥0，则命题￢p ：∀x ∈R ，x 2<0，故C 正确；“sinx =12”推不出“x =5π6”，反之成立，“sinx =12”的一个充分不必要件是“x =5π6”，故D 错误．故选：D ．由p 或q 的真值表可判断A ；运用充分必要条件的定义，可判断B ，D ；运用命题的否定可判断C ．本题考查复合命题的真假判断、充分必要条件的判断和命题的否定，考查判断能力，属于基础题．6. 已知−1，a 1，a 2，−7成等差数列，−3，b 1，b 2，b 3，−12成等比数列，则b 2⋅(a 2−2a 1)等于( )A. −6B. 6C. −12D. −6或6【答案】A【解析】解：设等差数列的公差为d ，等比数列的公比为q ， 则有−1+3d =−7，−3⋅q 4=−12， 解之可得d =−2，q 2=2，∴b 2(a 2−2a 1)=−3×2×(−5+6)=−6， 故选：A ．设等差数列的公差为d ，比数列的公比为q ，由题意可得d 和q ，代入要求的式子化简可得．本题考查等比数列和等差数列的性质和应用，属中档题．7. 设a =23，b =log 43，c =log 165，则a ，b ，c 的大小关系为( )A. b >c >aB. b >a >cC. a >b >cD. a >c >b【答案】B【解析】解：a =23，b =log 43=log 4√273>log 4√163=23，c =log 165=log 4√5<log 4√9=log 43，c =log 165<log 161623=23， 则a ，b ，c 的大小关系是b >a >c ． 故选：B ．利用指数与对数的运算性质，把b ，c 分别与23比较即可得出．本题考查了指数与对数的运算性质，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．8. 某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的表面积为( )A. 3B. 2+√3C. 2+√2D. 2+2√2【答案】C【解析】解：如图，此几何体是正四棱锥，其底面边长为1，高为1，表面积为底面面积加四个侧面面积，S=1×1+2×12×1×1+2×12×1×√2=4+2+√2．故选：C．判断三视图复原的几何体是四棱锥，通过三视图的数据，求出几何体的表面积．本题是基础题，考查三视图与直观图的关系，考查计算能力．9.函数f(x)=ln|x|+|sinx|(−π≤x≤π且x≠0)的图象大致是()A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】解：函数f(x)=ln|x|+|sinx|(−π≤x≤π且x≠0)是偶函数排除A．当x>0时，f(x)=lnx+sinx，可得：f′(x)=1 x +cosx，令1x+cosx=0，作出y=1x与y=−cosx图象如图：可知两个函数有一个交点，就是函数有一个极值点． f(π)=lnπ>1， 故选：B ．利用函数的奇偶性排除选项，通过函数的导数求解函数的极值点的个数，求出f(π)的值，推出结果即可．本题考查函数的奇偶性以及函数的导数的应用，函数的极值，考查转化思想以及计算能力．10. 如图所示，已知点G 是△ABC 的重心，过点G 作直线分别与AB ，AC 两边交于M ，N 两点(点N 与点C 不重合)，设AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =x AM ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ，AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =y AN ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ，则1x +1y−1的最小值为( ) A. 2B. 1+√2C. 32D. 2+2√2【答案】A【解析】解：∵G 为△ABC 的重心，∴AG ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =23×12(AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) =13(x AM ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +y AN⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) 又∵G 在线段MN 上，∴13x +13y =1 ∴x +y =3 ∴x +(y −1)=2 ∴1x +1y −1=12[x +(y −1)](1x +1y −1) =12(1+1+x y −1+y −1x ) ≥12(2+2)=2 故选：A ．利用重心性质及M ，N ，G 共线得到x ，y 的关系式，再构造重要不等式，求出最小值． 此题考查了向量的变换和不等式用法，难度适中．11. 已知函数f(x)=sin(ωx +φ)(ω>0,|φ|≤π2),x =−π4为y =f(x)图象的对称轴，x =π4为f(x)的零点，且f(x)在区间(π12,π6)上单调，则ω的最大值为( )A. 13B. 12C. 9D. 5【答案】C【解析】解：∵函数f(x)=sin(ωx+φ)(ω>0,|φ|≤π2),x=−π4为y=f(x)图象的对称轴，x=π4为f(x)的零点，f(x)在区间(π12,π6)上单调，∴周期T≥2×(π6−π12)=π6，即2πω≥π6，∴ω≤12．∵x=−π4为y=f(x)图象的对称轴，x=π4为f(x)的零点，∴2n+14⋅2πω=π2，n∈Z，∴ω=2n+1．当ω=11时，由题意可得π4×11+φ=kπ，φ=π4，函数为y=f(x)=sin(11x+π4)，在区间(π12,π6)上，11x+π4∈(7π6,25π12)，f(x)在区间(π12,π6)上不单调，∴ω≠11．当ω=9时，由题意可得π4×9+φ=kπ，φ=−π4，函数为y=f(x)=sin(9x−π4)，在区间(π12,π6)上，9x−π4∈(π2,5π4)，f(x)在区间(π12,π6)上单调，满足条件，则ω的最大值为9，故选：C．先判断ω为正奇数，根据x=−π4为y=f(x)图象的对称轴，x=π4为f(x)的零点，且f(x)在区间(π12,π6)上单调，求得ω的最大值．本题考查的知识点是正弦型函数的图象和性质，本题转化困难，难度较大．12.已知函数f(x)=e xx+k(lnx−x)，若x=1是函数f(x)的唯一极值点，则实数k的取值范围是()A. (−∞,e]B. (−∞,e)C. (−e,+∞)D. [−e,+∞)【答案】A【解析】解：∵函数f(x)=e xx+k(lnx−x)的定义域是(0,+∞)，∴f′(x)=e x(x−1)x2+k(1−x)x=(e x−kx)(x−1)x2．x=1是函数f(x)的唯一一个极值点∴x=1是导函数f′(x)=0的唯一根．∴e x−kx=0在(0,+∞)无变号零点，令g(x)=e x−kxg′(x)=e x−k①k≤0时，g′(x)>0恒成立.g(x)在(0,+∞)时单调递增的g(x)的最小值为g(0)=1，g(x)=0无解②k>0时，g′(x)=0有解为：x=lnk0<x<lnk时，g′(x)<0，g(x)单调递减lnk<x时，g′(x)>0，g(x)单调递增∴g(x)的最小值为g(lnk)=k−klnk∴k−klnk>0∴k<e，由y=e x和y=ex图象，它们切于(1,e)，综上所述，k≤e．故选：A．由f(x)的导函数形式可以看出e x−kx=0在(0,+∞)无变号零点，令g(x)=e x−kx，g′(x)=e x−k，需要对k进行分类讨论来确定导函数为0时的根．本题考查由函数的导函数确定极值问题.对参数需要进行讨论.属于中档题．二、填空题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）13.设向量a⃗=(1,−1)，b⃗ =(m,2)，若a⃗⊥b⃗ ，则|a⃗−2b⃗ |=______【答案】√34【解析】解∵：a⃗=(1,−1)，b⃗ =(m,2)，且a⃗⊥b⃗ ，∴a⃗⋅b⃗ =1×m−1×2=0∴m=2，∴a⃗−2b⃗ =(1−2m,−5)=(−3,−5)，则|a⃗−2b⃗ |=√9+25=√34故答案为：√34由a⃗⊥b⃗ ，可知a⃗⋅b⃗ =0，结合向量的数量积可求m，进而可求a⃗−2b⃗ ，代入模长公式可求．本题主要考查了平面向量数量积的性质的简单应用，属于基础试题．14.已知函数f(x)=sin(2x+φ)(|φ|<π2)的图象向左平移π6个单位后得到g(x)=sin(2x+π6)的图象，则φ的值为______【答案】−π6【解析】解：函数f(x)=sin(2x+φ)(|φ|<π2)的图象向左平移π6个单位后，得到：k(x)=sin[2(x+π6)+φ]=g(x)=sin(2x+π6)的图象，所以：φ=−π6．故答案为：−π6直接利用三角函数关系式的平移变换求出结果．本题考查的知识要点：三角函数关系式的恒等变变换，函数图象的平移变换问题的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于基础题型．15. 已知定义域为R 的奇函数f(x)，其图象关于直线x =32对称.当0<x ≤32时，f(x)=log 2(x +3)，则f(2)+f(3)=______． 【答案】2【解析】解：∵函数f(x)的图象关于x =32对称； ∴f(x)=f(3−x)；又f(x)是R 上的奇函数，且0<x ≤32时，f(x)=log 2(x +3)； ∴f(0)=0；∴f(3)=f(3−3)=f(0)=0，f(2)=f(3−2)=f(1)=log 24=2； ∴f(2)+f(3)=2． 故答案为：2．根据f(x)的图象关于x =32对称，即可得出f(x)=f(3−x)，再根据f(x)是R 上的奇函数，当0<x ≤32时，f(x)=log 2(x +3)，从而得出f(3)=f(0)=0，f(2)=f(1)=2，从而得出f(2)+f(3)的值．考查函数f(x)图象关于x =a 对称时，满足f(2a −x)=f(x)，奇函数的定义，奇函数在原点有定义时，原点处的函数值为0，以及已知函数求值．16. 对于数列{a n }，n ∈N ∗，定义a n =[n10]+[n102]+[n103]+⋯+[n10k ]，其中k 是满足10k ≤n 的最大整数，[x]表示不超过x 的最大整数，如[2,5]=2，[3]=3，则 (Ⅰ)a 2018=______；(Ⅱ)满足a m =100的最大整数m 为______． 【答案】223 919【解析】解：(Ⅰ)由10k ≤2018，则k =3， 则f(2018)=[n10]+[n102]+⋯+[n10k ]=[201810]+[2018100]+[20181000]=[201.8]+[20.18]+[2.018]=201+20+2=223；(Ⅱ)当m =1000时，k =3，此时f(1000)=[n10]+[n102]+⋯+[n10k ]=[100]+[10]+[1]=111>100，∴m <1000，即k =2，设三位数为m =a ×100+b ×10+c ， 则f(m)=10a +b +a =11a +b =100，则当a =9时，b =1，此时m =900+10+c =910+c ， ∴当c =9时，m 取得最大值为910+9=919， 故答案为：223，919．(Ⅰ)由10k ≤2018，则k =3，根据定义进行求解即可得到结论； (Ⅱ)讨论m =1000，m <1000，根据定义进行求解即可得到结论．本题主要考查函数值的计算，根据[x]的定义是解决本题的关键，综合性较强，难度较大．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70.0分）17. 已知p ：2x−1≤−1，q ：(x +2a)(x −a −2)<0(a >0)．(1)解不等式：2x−1≤−1；(2)若￢q 是￢p 的充分不必要条件，求a 的取值范围．【答案】解：(1)根据题意，2x−1≤−1⇔2x−1+1≤0⇔x+1x−1≤0⇔(x +1)(x −1)≤0且x −1≠0，解可得：−1≤x <1；故原不等式的解集为{x|−1≤x <1}；(2)根据题意，a >0，则(x +2a)(x −a −2)<0⇔−2a <x <a +2； 若￢q 是￢p 的充分不必要条件，则p 是q 的充分不必要条件故{x|−1≤x <1}⊂≠{x|−2a <x <a +2}⇔{a >0−2a <−1a +2≥1⇔a >12，综上，a 的取值范围是a >12．【解析】(1)根据题意，原不等式变形可得2x−1≤−1⇒(x +1)(x −1)≤0且x −1≠0，解可得x 的取值范围，即可得答案；(2)根据题意，分析可得(x +2a)(x −a −2)<0⇔−2a <x <a +2，进而可得{x|−1≤x <1}⊂≠{x|−2a <x <a +2}⇔{a >0−2a <−1a +2≥1，解可得a 的取值范，即可得答案．本题考查不等式的解法以及充分必要条件的性质，关键是求出不等式的解集，属于基础题．18. 已知函数f(x)=x 3+ax 2+ax +b(x ∈R)，其中a ，b 为实常数．(1)若点P(1,1)为曲线y =f(x)上一点，且曲线y =f(x)在点P 处的切线与直线6x −y +3=0平行，求a ，b 的值； (2)若a >0，求函数f(x)的单调区间． 【答案】解：(1)∵f(x)=x 3+ax 2+ax +b ，分)依题意，分)综上，a =1，b =−2…(5分)，△=(2a)2−4×3a =4a 2−12a(a >0)①当△≤0，即0<a ≤3时，恒成立，此时f(x)在R 上是增函数；…(7分)②当△>0，即a >3时，f′(x)>0⇔x <−a−√a 2−3a3，或x >−a+√a2−3a3f′(x)<0⇔−a−√a 2−3a3<x <−a+√a 2−3a3，此时，f(x)的单调递增区间为(−∞,−a−√a2−3a3)和(−a+√a 2−3a3,+∞)，f(x)的单调递减区间为(−a−√a2−3a3,−a+√a 2−3a3)…(11分)综上可知：当0<a ≤3时，f(x)在R 上是增函数； 当a >3时，f(x)的单调递增区间为(−∞,−a−√a2−3a3)和(−a+√a 2−3a3,+∞)，单调递减区间为(−a−√a2−3a3,−a+√a 2−3a3)…(12分)【解析】(1)求出利用已知条件列出方程，求解即可．(2)利用，△=(2a)2−4×3a =4a 2−12a(a >0)通过①当△≤0，②当△>0，判断导函数的符号，判断函数的单调性即可．本题考查函数的导数的应用，函数的极值以及函数的切线方程的求法，考查计算能力．19. 如图，在等腰直角三角形△OPQ 中，∠POQ =90∘，OP =2√2，点M 在线段PQ 上．(1)若OM =√5，求PM 的长；(2)若点N 在线段MQ 上，且∠MON =30∘，问：当∠POM 取何值时，△OMN 的面积最小？并求出面积的最小值．【答案】解：(1)在△OPQ 中，∠OPQ =45∘，OM =√5，OP =2√2， 由余弦定理得，OM 2=OP 2+MP 2−2⋅OP ⋅MPcos45∘， 得MP 2−4MP +3=0，解得MP =1或MP =3.…6 (2)设∠POM =α，0∘≤α≤60∘，在△OMP 中，由正弦定理，得OMsin∠OPM =OPsin∠OMP ， 所以OM =OPsin45∘sin(45∘+α)，同理ON =OPsin45∘sin(75∘+α) …8′ S △OMN =12×OM ×ON ×sin∠MON =14×OP 2sin 245∘sin(45∘+α)sin(75∘+α) (10)=1sin(45∘+α)sin(75∘+α)=1sin(45∘+α)[√32sin(45∘+α)+12cos(45∘+α)]=1√32sin 2(45∘+α)+12sin(45∘+α)cos(45∘+α) =1√34+√34sin2α+14cos2α=1√34+12sin(2α+30∘) (14)因为0∘≤α≤60∘，30∘≤2α+30∘≤150∘， 所以当α=30∘时，sin(2α+30∘)的最大值为1， 此时△OMN 的面积取到最小值．即∠POM =30∘时，△OMN 的面积的最小值为8−4√3 (16)【解析】(1)在△OPQ中，由余弦定理得，OM2=OP2+MP2−2⋅OP⋅MPcos45∘，解得MP即可．(2)∠POM=α，0∘≤α≤60∘，在△OMP中，由正弦定理求出OM，同理求出ON，推出三角形的面积，利用两角和与差的三角函数化简面积的表达式，通过α的范围求出面积的最大值．本题考查正弦定理以及余弦定理两角和与差的三角函数的应用，考查转化思想以及计算能力．20.新华书店为提高某套丛书的销量，准备举办一次促销活动.经测算，当每套丛书售价定为x(0<x<150)元时，销售量可达到(15−0.1x)套.现书商为配合书店的促销活动，决定进行价格改革，将每套丛书的供货价格分成固定价格和浮动价格两部分，其中固定价格为30元，浮动价格(单位：元)与销售量(单位：套)成反比，比例系数为10.假设不计其他成本，即销售每套丛书的利润=售价−供货价格.问：(Ⅰ)每套丛书售价定为100元时，书店所获得的总利润是多少元？(Ⅱ)每套丛书售价定为多少元时，单套丛书的利润最大？【答案】解：(Ⅰ)每套丛书定价为100元时，销售量为15−0.1×100=5万套，此时每套供货价格为30+105=32元，(3分)∴书商所获得的总利润为5×(100−32)=340万元.(4分)(Ⅱ)每套丛书售价定为x元时，由{x>015−0.1x>0得，0<x<150，(5分)依题意，单套丛书利润P=x−(30+1015−0.1x )=x−100150−x−30(7分)∴P=−[(150−x)+100150−x]+120，∵0<x<150，∴150−x>0，由(150−x)+100150−x ≥2√(150−x)⋅100150−x=2×10=20，(10分)当且仅当150−x=100150−x，即x=140时等号成立，此时P max=−20+120=100．答：(Ⅰ)当每套丛书售价定为100元时，书商能获得总利润为340万元；(Ⅱ)每套丛书售价定为140元时，单套利润取得最大值100元.(12分)【解析】(Ⅰ)先确定每套丛书定价为100元时的销售量，从而可得时每套供货价格，根据销售每套丛书的利润=售价一供货价格，可求得书商能获得的总利润；(Ⅱ)先确定每套丛书售价范围，再确定单套丛书利润，利用基本不等式，可求单套丛书的利润最大值．本题考查利用数学知识解决实际问题，解题的关键是建立单套丛书利润函数，再利用基本不等式确定其最值．21.已知数列{a n}的前n项和为S n，满足S n=2a n−1(n∈N∗)，数列{b n}满足nb n+1−(n+1)b n=n(n+1)(n∈N∗)，且b1=1(1)证明数列{b nn}为等差数列，并求数列{a n}和{b n}的通项公式；(2)设c n=a n⋅√b n，数列{c n}的前n项和为T n，若对任意的n∈N∗，都有T n≤nS n−a，求实数a的取值范围．【答案】解：(1)当n=1时，S1=2a1−1，所以a1=1，…(1分)当n≥2时，S n=2a n−1，S n−1=2a n−1−1，两式相减得a n=2a n−1，又a1=1，所以a na n−1=2，从而数列{a n}为首项a1=1，公比q=2的等比数列，从而数列{a n}的通项公式为a n=2n−1，又nb n+1−(n+1)b n=n(n+1)，两边同除以n(n+1)得b n+1n+1−b nn=1，从而数列{b nn}为首项b1=1，公差d=1的等差数列，所以b nn=n，数列{b n}的通项公式为b n=n2．(2)由(1)得c n=a n⋅√b n=n⋅2n−1，..T n=1×20+2×21+3×22+⋯+(n−1)×2n−2+n×2n−1，…①2T n=1×21+ 2×22+3×23+⋯+(n−1)×2n−1+n×2n，…②①−②得−T n=1+2+22+⋯+2n−1−n⋅2n=1−2n1−2−n⋅2n，即T n=(n−1)⋅2n+1，由(1)得S n=2a n−1=2n−1，因为对任意的n∈N∗，都有T n≤nS n−a，即(n−1)⋅2n+1≤n(2n−1)−a恒成立，故a≤2n−n−1，记d n=2n−n−1，所以a≤(d n)min，又因为d n+1−d n=[2n+1−(n+1)−1]−(2n−n−1)=2n−1>0，故数列{d n}为递增数列，所以当n=1时，d n取最小值d1=0，于是a≤0．【解析】(1)直接利用已知条件和递推关系式求出数列的通项公式．(2)利用乘公比错位相减法求出数列的和，进一步利用函数的单调性求出结果．本题考查的知识要点：数列的通项公式的求法及应用，乘公比错位相减法在数列求和中的应用，函数的单调性的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于基础题型．22.已知函数f(x)=lnx，g(x)=xe x−x−1．(1)若关于x的方程f(x)=x2−73x+m在区间[1,3]上有解，求实数m的取值范围；(2)若g(x)−a≥f(x)对∀x∈(0,+∞)恒成立，求实数a的取值范围．【答案】解：(1)方程f(x)=x2−73x+m即为lnx−x2+73x=m．令ℎ(x)=lnx−x2+73x(x>0)，则ℎ′(x)=1x−2x+73=−(3x+1)(2x−3)3x．令，则x1=−13(舍)，x2=32．当x∈[1,3]时，随x变化情况如表：x1(1,32)32(32,3)3+0−ℎ(x)43单调递增极大值ln32+54单调递减ln3−2∴当x∈[1,3]时，ℎ(x)∈[ln3−2,ln32+54]．∴m的取值范围是[ln3−2,ln32+54]．(2)据题意，得g(x)−f(x)≥a对∀x∈(0,+∞)恒成立．令F(x)=g(x)−f(x)=x⋅e x−lnx−x−1(x>0)，则F′(x)=(x+1)⋅e x−1x −1=(x+1)x⋅(x⋅e x−1)．令G(x)=x⋅e x−1(x>0)，0'/>，∴函数G(x)在(0,+∞)上递增．∵G(0)=−1<0，G(1)=e−1>0，∴G(x)在(0,1)上存在唯一的零点c，当x∈(0,c)时，G(x)<0；当x∈(c,+∞)时，G(x)>0．∴当x∈(0,c)时，；当x∈(c,+∞)时，0'/>．∴F(x)在(0,c)上递减，在(c,+∞)上递增，从而F(x)≥c⋅e c−lnc−c−1．由G(c)=0得c⋅e c−1=0，即c⋅e c=1，两边取对数得lnc+c=0，∴F(c)=0．∴a≤0，即所求实数a的取值范围是(−∞,0]．【解析】(1)分类参数可得m=ℎ(x)=lnx−x2+73，判断ℎ(x)在[1,3]上的单调性，求出ℎ(x)的值域即可得出m的范围；(2)令F(x)=g(x)−f(x)，判断F(x)的单调性，求出F(x)的最小值，从而得出a的范围．本题考查了函数单调性判断与最值计算，考查函数恒成立问题与函数最值的关系，属于中档题．。
2019届湖北华中师大第一附中高三上期中考试英语卷【含答案及解析】
2019届湖北华中师大第一附中高三上期中考试英语卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、阅读理解1. British Women Writers in different periods of timeThe English RenaissanceThe English Renaissance began in the later part of the fifteenth century and lasted until the 1660s. Among the most famous women writers of this period is Aphra Behn, who is seen as the first professional woman writer in English. She wrote a number of plays that dealt with topics such as racism and slavery. A good example is Oroonoko published in 1688. Aphra Behn's works include also the plays The Amourous Prince , The Town Fop , The Dutch Lover and heronly tragedy, Abdelazer .The neoclassical periodAmong the well-known women in Bristish literature during the neoclassical period, from 1660 to the end of the eighteenth century, is Anne Finch. She wrote poetry and tried to express all that she saw and experienced. Two other women are recognized for their contribution to neoclassical British literature: Mary Astell and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Mary Astell was a philosopher and a feminist writer. She is best known now for her theories on the education of women.The Romantic periodJane Austen is one of the most famous women writers that worked during the Romantic period (1798-1832). Her works include several novels, most of which focus on marriage as a way for young women to secure social standing and economic security. Her most famous novels are Pride and Prejudice , Senseand Sensibility and Emma . Another famous woman writer from the English Romanticism is Mary Shelley. She is the author of Frankenstein , History of Six Weeks Tour and The Last Man .The Victorian periodThe Victorian period, between the 1830s and 1900, was the time when the Bronte sisters, George Eliot and Elizabeth Gaskell lived and wrote. Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte produced many British literary classics. Charlotte's novels include Jane Eyre , Shirley , Villette and TheProfessor . Mary Anne Evans adopted the male pen name George as she wanted to set herself apart from the feminine genre of cookbooks and domestic moral tales. Her most famous novel is The Mill on the Floss published in 1860.1.According to the passage, Aphra Behn was famous for ________ .A. novelsB. poetryC. playsD. cookbooks2.In which period can readers find books about racial discrimination written by momen?A. In the English Renaissance.B. In the neoclassical period.C. In the Romantic period.D. In the Victorian period.3.A ccording to the passage, why did Mary Anne Evans publish her stories under the name of George Eliot?A. Women were forbidden to write novels then.B. Her works would be different.C. It helped promote her works.D. It sounded more popular.4.If a reader is interested in women’s education, whose works can be the best choice?A. Anne Finch’s.B. Mary Astell’s.C. Mary Wortley Montagu’s.D. Mary Shelley’s.2. The Greatest Navigational JourneyIn 1787 Captain Bligh was given command of “The Bounty”, a three-year-old merchant ship. His mission was to transport breadfruit plants from the island of Tahiti to the West Indies. We know the popular story of this voyage and the rebellion, in which Bligh has been presented as hard, violent and thoroughly unpleasant captain. However, there is quite a lot of evidence to suggest that this picture is far from being true. He seems to have been unusuallythoughtful about the health and welfare of his men. For example he made sure that his crew got exercise, insisted on cleanliness on his ship, and adopted the practice of giving them a drink which prevented scurvy every day.When Captain Bligh arrived in Tahiti, it became clear that it would be some months before the breadfruit trees were ready to be taken to the West Indies. Instead of going off right away, he gave his crew extended shore leave. Thismay have been a mistake as many were unhappy about leaving when the time came. Finally, on the return journey the rebellion took place. The ship was under the command of the rebels and Captain Bligh had to leave in a small boat. Captain Bligh’s achievement was to get to dry land successfully. It is one of the supreme examples of seamanship. Apart from Bligh there were 18 members of his crew sailing in an open boat about 23 feet long and 7 feet wide. They took with them 25 gallons of water, 150 pounds of bread and 30 pounds of pork. They had no guns or other weapons. The boat was so low in the water that it seemed likely to sink at any time. On one occasion Captain Bligh tried to land on an island to get more water. He and his men were attacked by hostile natives and one of the crew was killed. At this point Bligh decided to sail directly to the Dutch settlement on the island of Timor without stopping. The distance was about 4,000 miles. The voyage took about 42 days and he had no advanced navigational equipment. However, his skill and commitment proved equal to the task and amazingly no one else died. It was truly a remarkable achievement.1.What is the popularly held view of Captain Bligh according to Paragraph 1?A. He was ski l lful.B. He was thoughtful.C. He was determined.D. He was unpleasant.2. It may have been a mistake that Bligh gave his crew extended shore leave because it caused ________ .A. the lack of drinkB. the death of the tressC. the unhappiness about leavingD. the challenges facing the small boat3.What problem did Bligh and his 18 men face after the rebellion?A. The threat from the rebels.B. Conflicts with local people.C. Attacks from marine animals.D. The possible sinking of the boat.4.What made Bligh’s 4000-mile voyage successful?A. The rebels’ abuse.B. His great seamanship.C. The crew’s decision.D. Modern navigational equipment.3. BEIJING — The launch of a new manned space mission brings China closer to the establishment of a permanent space station, international experts say. Chinese taikonauts, Jing Haipeng, 50, and Chen Dong, 37, were blasted off into space onboard Shenzhou- 11 at 7:30 am Monday and will spend 30 days in the Chinese space laboratory Tiangong-2.The launch marks a key step towardChina's plan to eventually operate a permanent space station . The successful launch of the Shenzhou -11 spacecraft is another step forward to put China among leading players in space technology, said Alexander Zheleznyakov, a Russian expert on history of space flights. China's experimental space labwill help provide solutions for spacecraft of different functions to approach and anchor, and for a long-term operation of life support system, said Zheleznyakov. Shenzhou- 11 is scheduled to anchor on Wednesday with Tiangong-2, which is part of China's plan to build a permanent space station by 2022.China can now test technologies for cargo spacecraft anchoring, life support system operation and water recycling to ensure a long-term continuousoperation of its space station in the future with less dependence on renewal from the Earth, he said. If all goes well, China will launch the unpiloted Tianzhou-1 cargo ship next spring to autonomously tie up with Tiangong-2. Tianzhou-1 will be capable of automatically transferring rocket fuels, a vital requirement for space station grouping and maintenance, according to a report by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)."That will further their anchoring abilities needed for the larger space station," Johnson Freese was quoted." Tiangong-2 is supposed to be able to stay in orbit for two years or longer, so that's taking them (Chinese) really close to 2019 or so. I think this will be their last big technology test phase before going to their large space station," said Freese.1.Why did China launch Shenzhou-11 into space?A. To improve its launching ability.B. To show off its space progress.C. To set up a permanent space station.D. To replace the space lab Tiankong-2.2.Which of the following is designed to automatically transfer rocket fuels?A. Shenzhou-11.B. Tiangong-2.C. Shenzhou-1.D. Tianzhou-1.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “blasted off” in last paragraph?A. sent upB. gave awayC. swept offD. carried away4. Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884–1962) was an Austrian-American explorer, botanist, and anthropologist(人类学家). For more than 25 years, he travelled extensively through Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces in China before finally leaving in 1949.In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Fra ncis Rock on a treasure hunt through China’ssouthwestern provinces—the Wild West of their day. But gold and silverweren’t his task: Rock, a distinguished botanist, sought only to fill hisbags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he could find. During his three-year expedition, he collected 20,000 specimens for the Arnold Arboretum(阿诺德植物园).Botany, though, was just one of Rock’s strengths. As an ethnologist(民族学者), he took hundreds of photographs of the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan province, recording their now-lost way of life for both Harvard and National Geographic, and took notes for an eventual 500-page dictionary of their language. Hishand-drawn map of his travels through China’s “Cho-Ni” territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, includes more than a thousand rivers, towns, and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the U.S. government used it to plan aerial missions in World War II.Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writer—Rock was not a wallflower in any sense. Arrogant and self-possessed, he would walk into a village or warlord’s place “as if he owned the place,” said Lisa Pearson,the Arboretum’s head librarian.In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in th e Far Reaches of the World,” the Boston Evening Transcript rana large photo of the daring explorer wearing in a woolly coat and fox-skin hat. “In discussing his heroism including hair-raising escapes from death either from mountain slides , snow slides and robber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.”The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $900,000 in today’s dollars. Fortunately, many ofhis specimens, many of his amazing photos, and his great stories remain.1.What is the passage mainly about?A. Rock’s service for the U.S government.B. Rock’s cooperation with Harvard.C. Rock’s work as a botanist.D. Rock’s exploration in Southwest China.2.What contribution did Rock make to the USA besides collecting new plantsand specimens?A. He traveled through some uncivilized places in China.B. His hand-drawn map was used in World War II.C. He showed heroism by escaping difficulties.D. He made headlines in Boston Evening News.3.How did Rock respond when people mentioned his heroic deeds?A. Excitedly.B. Proudly.C. Calmly.D. Nervously.4.What caused Rock to stop work for The Arboretum?A. The vast expense.B. The dangerous journey.C. The challenging tasks.D. The unknown world.二、七选五5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。