运营管理课件全 04习题答案
第12版运营管理习题答案
第12版运营管理习题答案1. 问题描述此习题集为第12版《运营管理》一书的习题答案总结。
本文档包含了各个章节的习题答案，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和掌握运营管理的相关概念和技术。
2. 章节习题答案总结第1章绪论1.运营管理的定义：运营管理是指组织内部通过有效地整合和协调资源和流程来生产和提供产品和服务，以满足客户需求的管理活动。
2.运营管理的目的：提高生产效率、降低成本、提高产品质量、提高客户满意度。
3.运营管理的关键要素：生产活动、物流活动、营销活动、供应商与客户。
第2章运营战略与竞争优势1.运营战略的定义：运营战略是指组织在特定环境下，为实现其目标和使命而制定的运营活动计划和行动方案。
2.竞争优势的来源：成本领先、差异化、灵活性、服务质量。
3.市场需求的变化对运营战略的影响：创新、快速响应、质量要求提高、个性化需求增加。
第3章产品设计与开发1.产品设计与开发的目的：满足市场需求、提高产品质量、降低成本。
2.产品设计与开发的过程：市场调查、概念设计、详细设计、开发与测试、产品发布。
3.产品生命周期管理的重要性：确保产品在市场上持续竞争，合理安排资源分配，提高产品的市场占有率和利润。
第4章设计与管理物流系统1.物流系统的定义：物流系统是指实现物流流程中物资、信息和金钱的流动，并为组织内外部客户提供有关物流活动的管理系统。
2.物流系统的主要活动：运输、仓储、库存管理、订单处理、信息处理。
3.物流系统的设计原则：流程简化、资源统一、信息共享、风险控制。
第5章质量管理1.质量管理的定义：质量管理是指通过制定和实施一系列的管理活动，以提高产品和服务的质量、满足客户需求的管理过程。
2.质量管理的工具：质量控制图、散点图、直方图、因果图、帕累托图、流程图等。
3.质量成本的分类：预防成本、评估成本、内部失败成本、外部失败成本。
第6章运营系统的布局与设计1.运营系统布局与设计的目的：提高资源利用率、降低库存成本、减少物料搬运。
运营管理的课后习题答案
运营管理的课后习题答案运营管理的课后习题答案运营管理是一门涉及企业内部运作和资源管理的学科，它涵盖了生产、供应链、质量管理、项目管理等多个方面。
在学习运营管理的过程中，习题是一个重要的学习工具，通过解答习题可以加深对知识点的理解和应用。
下面将为大家提供一些运营管理课后习题的答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1. 生产计划是什么？它的目的是什么？答：生产计划是指根据市场需求和企业资源情况，制定生产计划的过程。
其目的是合理安排生产资源，确保按时交付产品，满足市场需求。
2. 什么是供应链管理？它的主要目标是什么？答：供应链管理是指协调和管理企业内外各个环节的活动，以实现产品或服务的顺畅流动的过程。
其主要目标是最大程度地提高供应链的效率和灵活性，减少库存和成本，提高客户满意度。
3. 什么是质量管理？它的核心原则是什么？答：质量管理是指通过制定和实施一系列质量控制措施，以确保产品或服务符合质量要求的管理过程。
其核心原则是不断追求卓越的质量，通过持续改进和员工参与，提高产品或服务的质量水平。
4. 项目管理中的关键要素有哪些？答：项目管理中的关键要素包括项目目标、项目计划、项目团队、项目资源、项目风险等。
其中，项目目标是项目的核心，项目计划是实现目标的路线图，项目团队是实施计划的关键，项目资源是支撑项目实施的基础，项目风险是需要预防和应对的不确定因素。
5. 什么是供应商评估？为什么要进行供应商评估？答：供应商评估是对供应商进行综合评价和筛选的过程。
其目的是确保选择到合适的供应商，以保证采购的品质和效益。
供应商评估可以帮助企业降低采购风险，提高供应链的稳定性和效率。
6. 什么是成本管理？成本管理的方法有哪些？答：成本管理是指对企业生产和运营过程中产生的各项成本进行有效控制和管理的过程。
成本管理的方法包括成本核算、成本控制和成本分析等。
成本核算是对成本进行分类和计算，成本控制是设定成本目标并采取措施控制成本，成本分析是对成本进行比较和分析，找出成本的优化方向。
《运营管理》课程习题和答案解析_修订版
第1章运营管理概述习题一、单项选择题1、在组织的三大基本职能中，处于核心地位的是：（）A、财务B、营销C、运营D、人力2、产品品种单一、产量大、生产重复程度高的生产类型称为（）。
A、单件生产B、大量生产C、批量生产D、大批量生产3、生产设施按工艺流程布置，加工顺序固定不变，工艺过程的程序化、自动化程度较高的生产类型称为（）A、连续型生产B、间断式生产C、订货式生产D、备货式生产4、有形产品的变换过程通常也称为（）A.服务过程B.生产过程C.计划过程D.管理过程5、无形产品的变换过程有时称为（）A.管理过程B.计划过程C.服务过程D.生产过程6、制造业企业与服务业企业最主要的一个区别是（）A.产出的物理性质B.与顾客的接触程度C.产出质量的度量D.对顾客需求的响应时间7、企业经营活动中的最主要部分是（）A.产品研发B.产品设计C.生产运营活动D.生产系统的选择8、下列哪项不是生产运作管理的目标（）A、质量B、成本C、价格D、柔性9、按照生产要素密集程度和顾客接触程度划分，医院是：（）A、大量资本密集服务B、大量劳动密集服务C、专业资本密集服务D、专业劳动密集服务10、当供不应求时，会出现下列情况：（）A、供方之间竞争激化B、价格下跌C、出现回扣现象D、质量与服务水平下降二、多项选择题1、服务运营管理的特殊性体现在（）A.设施规模较小B.质量易于度量C.对顾客需求的响应时间短D.产出不可储存E.可服务于有限区域范围内2、运营管理中的决策内容包括（）A.运营战略决策B.运营系统运行决策C.运营组织决策D.运营系统设计决策E.营销决策3、产品结果无论有形还是无形，其共性表现在（）.A.市场畅销B.满足人们某种需要C.投入一定资源D.经过变换实现E..实现价值增值4、企业经营管理的职能有（）.A.财务管理B.技术管理C.运营管理D.营销管理E.人力资源管理5、运营管理的计划职能具体包括以下方面内容（）A.目标B.原因C.人员D.地点E.时间F. 方式三、简答题1、根据生产活动的定义，生产活动有哪些含义？2、从管理的角度来看制造过程和服务过程，二者存在哪些重要异同？3、按照产品品种多少和生产的重复程度划分的生产类型有哪些？特点是什么？4、生产运营系统有哪些的主要特征？试对其进行简单描述。
《运营管理》第4章 质量管理
续、健康、有序的发展。
18
案例：海尔质量管理体系
第一步：提出理念与价值观； 第二步：推出代表理念与价值观的典型人物与事件； 第三步：在理念与价值观指导下，制定保证这种人物
与事件不断涌现的制度与机制。
“管理制度与企业文化紧密结合”是三步曲的实质， 也是海尔管理体系的主要特色之一
1、运营实际
2、战略管理
3、计划管理
主
4、质量管理 5、能力与场址计划
要 6、排程管理
内
7、供应链管理
8、库存管理
容
9、企业资源计划
10、精益管理
11、项目管理
12、风险管理
1
对质量的要求
1、战场人遭遇敌人，你首先举起枪，而倒下的却是你—— 不是你没准，而是碰到一颗臭弹！
2、你终于尝试了一次跳伞，但是再也没有机会尝试其它任何东西--因为降落伞打不开！
区域内，机械性地做着重复工作，很容易产生厌
服务质量不高、响应倦情客绪户甚需于失求去能工力作的差热情。基于这种情况，如
果在企实业际的工管作理中失，控如，果教不育能培把训握缺行位业，的人要的求“和惰管”理策
痕迹化管理滞后 终端督察力度不够
性略就，会可在能无导意致识基的层情管况理下人表员现工出作来的，简而单那化种、消随极意、化， 散流甚全被漫于至面基痕好层的形在推层迹的管工式落行管管体理作，实，理理现人作而企许人是方员风且业多员检式在就会许和弃验。日会严多风之基加常蔓重政细脑层强工延影策雨后管痕作。响及、。理迹时这公措 润人管勤不司施物员理记仅形时无工就录使象，声作是、工。出式实要勤作现的绩求分、强服的每析管制务一个，理性手种基把的段
《运营管理》课程习题和答案解析_修订版
第1章运营管理概述习题一、单项选择题1、在组织的三大基本职能中，处于核心地位的是：（）A、财务B、营销C、运营D、人力2、产品品种单一、产量大、生产重复程度高的生产类型称为（）。
A、单件生产B、大量生产C、批量生产D、大批量生产3、生产设施按工艺流程布置，加工顺序固定不变，工艺过程的程序化、自动化程度较高的生产类型称为（）A、连续型生产B、间断式生产C、订货式生产D、备货式生产4、有形产品的变换过程通常也称为（）A.服务过程B.生产过程C.计划过程D.管理过程5、无形产品的变换过程有时称为（）A.管理过程B.计划过程C.服务过程D.生产过程6、制造业企业与服务业企业最主要的一个区别是（）A.产出的物理性质B.与顾客的接触程度C.产出质量的度量D.对顾客需求的响应时间7、企业经营活动中的最主要部分是（）A.产品研发B.产品设计C.生产运营活动D.生产系统的选择8、下列哪项不是生产运作管理的目标（）A、质量B、成本C、价格D、柔性9、按照生产要素密集程度和顾客接触程度划分，医院是：（）A、大量资本密集服务B、大量劳动密集服务C、专业资本密集服务D、专业劳动密集服务10、当供不应求时，会出现下列情况：（）A、供方之间竞争激化B、价格下跌C、出现回扣现象D、质量与服务水平下降二、多项选择题1、服务运营管理的特殊性体现在（）A.设施规模较小B.质量易于度量C.对顾客需求的响应时间短D.产出不可储存E.可服务于有限区域范围内2、运营管理中的决策内容包括（）A.运营战略决策B.运营系统运行决策C.运营组织决策D.运营系统设计决策E.营销决策3、产品结果无论有形还是无形，其共性表现在（）.A.市场畅销B.满足人们某种需要C.投入一定资源D.经过变换实现E..实现价值增值4、企业经营管理的职能有（）.A.财务管理B.技术管理C.运营管理D.营销管理E.人力资源管理5、运营管理的计划职能具体包括以下方面内容（）A.目标B.原因C.人员D.地点E.时间F. 方式三、简答题1、根据生产活动的定义，生产活动有哪些含义？2、从管理的角度来看制造过程和服务过程，二者存在哪些重要异同？3、按照产品品种多少和生产的重复程度划分的生产类型有哪些？特点是什么？4、生产运营系统有哪些的主要特征？试对其进行简单描述。
《运营管理》课后习题标准答案
《运营管理》课后习题答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2Chapter 02 - Competitiveness, Strategy, and Productivity3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)Week Output WorkerCost@$12x40Overhead********MaterialCost@$6TotalCostMFP(2) ÷ (6)1 30,000 2,880 4,320 2,700 9,900 3.032 33,600 3,360 5,040 2,820 11,220 2.993 32,200 3,360 5,040 2,760 11,160 2.894 35,400 3,840 5,760 2,880 12,480 2.84*refer to solved problem #2Multifactor productivity dropped steadily from a high of 3.03 to about 2.84.4. a. Before: 80 ÷ 5 = 16 carts per worker per hour.After: 84 ÷ 4 = 21 carts per worker per hour.b. Before: ($10 x 5 = $50) + $40 = $90; hence 80 ÷ $90 = .89 carts/$1.After: ($10 x 4 = $40) + $50 = $90; hence 84 ÷ $90 = .93 carts/$1.c. Labor productivity increased by 31.25% ((21-16)/16).Multifactor productivity increased by 4.5% ((.93-.89)/.89).*Machine ProductivityBefore: 80 ÷ 40 = 2 carts/$1.After: 84 ÷ 50 = 1.68 carts/$1.Productivity increased by -16% ((1.68-2)/2)Chapter 03 - Product and Service Design6. Steps for Making Cash Withdrawal from an ATM1. Insert Card: Magnetic Strip Should be Facing Down2. Watch Screen for Instructions3. Select Transaction Options:1) Deposit2) Withdrawal3) Transfer4) Other4. Enter Information:1) PIN Number2) Select a Transaction and Account3) Enter Amount of Transaction5. Deposit/Withdrawal: 1) Deposit —place in an envelope (which you’ll find near or in the ATM) andinsert it into the deposit slot2) Withdrawal —lift the “Withdrawal Door,” being careful to remove all cash6. Remove card and receipt (which serves as the transaction record)8.TechnicalRequirements IngredientsHandlingPreparationCustomer RequirementsTaste √√ Appearance√ √√Texture/consistency√√Chapter 04 - Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services2. %80capacityEffective outputActual Efficiency ==Actual output = .8 (Effective capacity) Effective capacity = .5 (Design capacity) Actual output = (.5)(.8)(Effective capacity) Actual output = (.4)(Design capacity) Actual output = 8 jobs Utilization = .4capacityDesign outputActual =n Utilizatiojobs 204.8capacity Effective output Actual Capacity Design ===10. a. Given: 10 hrs. or 600 min. of operating time per day.250 days x 600 min. = 150,000 min. per year operating time.Total processing time by machineProductABC 1 48,000 64,000 32,000 2 48,000 48,000 36,000 3 30,000 36,000 24,000 460,000 60,000 30,000 Total 186,000208,000122,000machine181.000,150000,122machine 238.1000,150000,208machine224.1000,150000,186≈==≈==≈==C B A N N NYou would have to buy two “A” machines at a total cost of $80,000, or two “B” machines at a total cost of $60,000, or one “C” machine at $80,000.b.Total cost for each type of machine:A (2): 186,000 min ÷ 60 = 3,100 hrs. x $10 = $31,000 + $80,000 = $111,000B (2) : 208,000 ÷ 60 = 3,466.67 hrs. x $11 = $38,133 + $60,000 = $98,133 C(1): 122,000 ÷ 60 = 2,033.33 hrs. x $12 = $24,400 + $80,000 = $104,400Buy 2 Bs —these have the lowest total cost.Chapter 05 - Process Selection and Facility Layout3.3 adf752 b4 c4 e9 h5 i6 gDesired output = 4Operating time = 56 minutesunit per minutes 14hourper units 4hourper minutes 65output Desired time Operating CT ===Task # of Following tasksPositional WeightA 4 23B 3 20C 2 18D 3 25E 2 18F 4 29G 3 24H 1 14 I5a. First rule: most followers. Second rule: largest positional weight.Assembly Line Balancing Table (CT = 14)Work StationTask Task TimeTime RemainingFeasible tasksRemainingIF 5 9 A,D,G A 3 6 B,G G6 – – II D7 7 B, E B 2 5 C C4 1 – III E 4 10 H H9 1 – IV I59–b. First rule: Largest positional weight.Assembly Line Balancing Table (CT = 14)Work StationTask Task TimeTime RemainingFeasible tasks RemainingIF 5 9 A,D,G D7 2 – II G 6 8 A, E A 3 5 B,E B2 3 – III C 4 10 E E4 6 – IV H 95 I I5–c. %36.805645stations of no. x CT time Total Efficiency ===4. a. l.2. Minimum Ct = 1.3 minutesTask Following tasksa 4b 3c 3d 2e 3f 2g 1habd cfeghWork StationEligible Assign Time RemainingIdle TimeIa A 1.1 b,c,e, (tie)B 0.7C 0.4E 0.3 0.3 II d D 0.0 0.0 IIIf,g F 0.5G 0.2 0.2 IVh H 0.1 0.10.63. percent 54.11)3.1(46.CT x N time)(idle percent Idle ==∑=4. 420 min./day 323.1 ( 323)/1.3 min./OT Output rounds to copiers day CT cycle=== b. 1. inutes m 3.224.6N time Total CT ,6.4 time Total ==== 2. Assign a, b, c, d, and e to station 1: 2.3 minutes [no idle time]Assign f, g, and h to station 2: 2.3 minutes3. 420182.6 copiers /2.3OT Output day CT ===4.420 min./dayMaximum Ct is 4.6. Output 91.30 copiers /4.6 min./day cycle==7. 1 5 4 3 8 762Chapter 06 - Work Design and Measurement3. Element PR OT NT AF job ST1 .90.46.414 1.15 .4762 .85 1.505 1.280 1.15 1.4723 1.10.83.913 1.15 1.05041.00 1.16 1.160 1.15 1.334Total4.3328. A = 24 + 10 + 14 = 48 minutes per 4 hours.min 125.720.11x70.5ST .min 70.5)95(.6NT 20.24048A =-=====9. a. Element PR OT NT A ST1 1.10 1.19 1.309 1.15 1.5052 1.15 .83 .955 1.15 1.09831.05.56.588 1.15 .676b.01.A 00.2z 034.s 83.x ==== 222(.034)67.12~68.01(.83)zs n observations ax ⎛⎫⎛⎫===⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭c. e = .01 minutes 47 to round ,24.4601.)034(.2e zs n 22=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=Chapter 07- Location Planning and Analysis1. Factor Local bank Steel mill Food warehouse Public school1. Convenience forcustomers H L M–H M–H2. Attractiveness ofbuilding H L M M–H3. Nearness to rawmaterials L H L M4. Large amounts ofpower L H L L5. Pollution controls L H L L6. Labor cost andavailability L M L L7. Transportationcosts L M–H M–H M8. Constructioncosts M H M M–HLocation (a) Location (b)4. Factor A B C Weight A B C1. Business Services 9 5 5 2/9 18/9 10/9 10/92. Community Services 7 6 7 1/9 7/9 6/9 7/93. Real Estate Cost 3 8 7 1/9 3/9 8/9 7/94. Construction Costs 5 6 5 2/9 10/9 12/9 10/95. Cost of Living 4 7 8 1/9 4/9 7/9 8/96. Taxes 5 5 5 1/9 5/9 5/9 4/97. Transportation 6 7 8 1/9 6/9 7/9 8/9Total 39 44 45 1.0 53/9 55/9 54/9 Each factor has a weight of 1/7.a. Composite Scores 39 44 45 7 7 7B orC is the best and A is least desirable.b. Business Services and Construction Costs both have a weight of 2/9; the other factors eachhave a weight of 1/9.5 x + 2 x + 2 x = 1 x = 1/9c. Composite ScoresA B C 53/9 55/9 54/9B is the best followed byC and then A.5.Locationx yA 3 7B 8 2C 4 6D 4 1E 6 4Totals 25 20-x =∑x i= 25 = 5.0 -y =∑y i= 20 = 4.0 n 5 n 5Hence, the center of gravity is at (5,4) and therefore the optimal location.Chapter 08 - Management of Quality1. ChecksheetWork Type FrequencyLube and Oil 12Brakes 7Tires 6Battery 4Transmission 1Total 30Pareto127641 Lube & Oil Brakes Tires Battery Trans.2 .The run charts seems to show a pattern of errors possibly linked to break times or the end of the shift. Perhaps workers are becoming fatigued. If so, perhaps two 10 minute breaks in the morning and again in the afternoon instead of one 20 minute break could reduce some errors. Also, errors are occurring during the last few minutes before noon and the end of the shift, and those periods should also be given management’s attention.4Power Per LamMissDidn’Not OutletDefectBurn LoosLampOtheCordbreak lunch3 2•• •• •• • ••• • ••• •••• ••• •• • •• • •••Chapter 9 - Quality Control4. Sample Mean Range179.48 2.6 Mean Chart: =X ± A 2-R = 79.96 ± 0.58(1.87) 2 80.14 2.3 = 79.96 ± 1.083 80.14 1.2UCL = 81.04, LCL = 78.884 79.60 1.7 Range Chart: UCL = D 4-R = 2.11(1.87) = 3.95 5 80.02 2.0LCL = D 3-R = 0(1.87) = 0680.381.4[Both charts suggest the process is in control: Neither has any points outside the limits.]6. n = 200 Control Limits = np p p )1(2-±Thus, UCL is .0234 and LCL becomes 0.Since n = 200, the fraction represented by each data point is half the amount shown. E.g., 1 defective = .005, 2 defectives = .01, etc.Sample 10 is too large.7. 857.714110c ==Control limits: 409.8857.7c 3c ±=± UCL is 16.266, LCL becomes 0.All values are within the limits.14. Let USL = Upper Specification Limit, LSL = Lower Specification Limit,X = Process mean, σ = Process standard deviationFor process H:}{capablenot ,0.193.93.04.1 ,938.min 04.1)32)(.3(1516393.)32)(.3(1.14153<===-=σ-=-=σ-pk C X USL LSL X 0096.)200(1325==p 0138.0096.200)9904(.0096.20096.±=±=For process K:.1}17.1,0.1min{17.1)1)(3(335.3630.1)1)(3(30333===-=σ-=-=σ- C X USL LSL X pk Assuming the minimum acceptable pk C is 1.33, since 1.0 < 1.33, the process is not capable.For process T:33.1}33.1,67.1min{33.1)4.0)(3(5.181.20367.1)4.0)(3(5.165.183===-=σ-=-=σ- C X USL LSL X pk Since 1.33 = 1.33, the process is capable.Chapter 10 - Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling7. a.No backlogs are allowedPeriod Mar. Apr. May Jun. July Aug. Sep. TotalForecast 50 44 55 60 50 40 51 350 Output Regular 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 280 Overtime 8 8 8 8 8 3 8 51 Subcontract 2 0 3 12 2 0 0 19 Output - Forecast 0 4 –4 0 0 3 –3 Inventory Beginning 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 Ending 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 Average 0 2 2 0 0 1.5 1.5 7 Backlog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Costs: Regular 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 22,400 Overtime 960 960 960 960 960 360 960 6,120 Subcontract 280 0 420 1,680280 0 0 2,660 Inventory 0 20 20 0 0 15 15 70 Total4,4404,1804,6005,8404,4403,575 4,17531,250b. Level strategyPeriod Mar. Apr. May Jun. July Aug. Sep. Total Forecast 50 44 55 60 50 40 51 350 OutputRegular 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 280 Overtime 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 56 Subcontract 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 Output - Forecast 0 6 –5 –10 0 10 –1InventoryBeginning 0 0 6 1 0 0 1Ending 0 6 1 0 0 1 0Average 0 3 3.5 .5 0 .5 .5 8 Backlog 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 18 Costs:Regular 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 22,400 Overtime 960 960 960 960 960 960 960 6,720 Subcontract 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 1,960 Inventory 30 35 5 0 5 5 80 Backlog 180 180 360 Total 4,440 4,470 4,475 4,625 4,620 4,445 4,445 31,520 8.Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 TotalForecast 160 150 160 180 170 140 960OutputRegular 150 150 150 150 160 160 920Overtime 10 10 0 10 10 10 50Subcontract 0 0 10 10 0 0 20Output- Forecast 0 10 0 –10 0 0InventoryBeginning 0 0 10 10 0 0Ending 0 10 10 0 0 0Average 0 5 10 5 0 0 20Backlog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Costs:Regular 7,500 7,500 7,500 7,500 8,000 8,000 46,000Overtime 750 750 0 750 750 750 3,750Subcontract 0 0 800 800 0 0 1,600Inventory 20 40 20 80Backlog 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 8,250 8,270 8,340 9,070 9,050 8,750 51,430Chapter 11 - MRP and ERP1. a. F: 2 G: 1 H: 1J: 2 x 2 = 4 L: 1 x 2 = 2 A: 1 x 4 = 4D: 2 x 4 = 8 J: 1 x 2 = 2 D: 1 x 2 = 2Totals: F = 2; G = 1; H = 1; J = 6; D = 10; L = 2; A = 4b.4. Master Schedule Day Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Quantity100 150 200 TableBeg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gross requirements 100 150 200 Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements 100 150 200 Planned-order receipts 100 150 200 Planned-order releases 100 150 200Wood Sections Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gross requirements 200300 400 Scheduled receipts 100 Projected on hand 100100 Net requirements 100 300 400 Planned-order receipts 100 300 400 Planned-order releases400 400Braces Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gross requirements 300 450 600 Scheduled receipts Projected on hand 60 60 60 60 Net requirements 240 450 600 Planned-order receipts 240 450 600Planned-order releases 240 450 600StaplerTopBaseCoveSpri SlideBase Strik RubberSlidSpriLegs Beg.Inv.1 2 3 4 5 6 7Gross requirements 400 600 800Scheduled receiptsProjected on hand 120 120 120 120 88 88 71 Net requirements 280 600 800Planned-order receipts 308 660 880Planned-order releases 968 88010. Week 1 2 3 4Material 40 80 60 70Week 1 2 3 4Labor hr. 160 320 240 280Mach. hr. 120 240 180 210a. Capacity utilizationWeek 1 2 3 4Labor 53.3% 106.7% 80% 93.3%Machine 60% 120% 90% 105%b. C apacity utilization exceeds 100% for both labor and machine in week 2, and formachine alone in week 4.Production could be shifted to earlier or later weeks in which capacity isunderutilized. Shifting to an earlier week would result in added carrying costs;shifting to later weeks would mean backorder costs.Another option would be to work overtime. Labor cost would increase due toovertime premium, a probable decrease in productivity, and possible increase inaccidents.Chapter 12 - Inventory Management2. The following table contains figures on the monthly volume and unit costs for a random sample of 16 items for a list of 2,000 inventory items. DollarItemUnit Cost UsageUsageCategoryK34 10 200 2,000 C K35 25 600 15,000 A K36 36 150 5,400 B M10 16 25 400 C M20 20 80 1,600 C Z45 80 250 16,000 A F14 20 300 6,000 B F95 30 800 24,000 A F99 20 60 1,200 C D45 10 550 5,500 B D48 12 90 1,080 C D52 15 110 1,650 C D57 40 120 4,800 B N08 30 40 1,200 C P05 16 500 8,000 BP091030300Ca. See table.b. To allocate control efforts.c. It might be important for some reason other than dollar usage, such as cost of astockout, usage highly correlated to an A item, etc.3. D = 1,215 bags/yr. S = $10 H = $75a. bags HDS Q 187510)215,1(22===b. Q/2 = 18/2 = 9 bagsc.orders ordersbags bags Q D 5.67/ 18 215,1== d . S QD H 2/Q TC +=350,1$675675)10(18215,1)75(218=+=+=e. Assuming that holding cost per bag increases by $9/bag/yearQ ==84)10)(215,1(217 bags71.428,1$71.714714)10(17215,1)84(217=+=+=TCIncrease by [$1,428.71 – $1,350] = $78.714.D = 40/day x 260 days/yr. = 10,400 packagesS = $60 H = $30a. oxes b 20496.2033060)400,10(2H DS 2Q 0====b. S QD H 2Q TC +=82.118,6$82.058,3060,3)60(204400,10)30(2204=+=+=c. Yesd. )60(200400,10)30(2200TC 200+=TC 200 = 3,000 + 3,120 = $6,1206,120 – 6,118.82 (only $1.18 higher than with EOQ, so 200 is acceptable.)7.H = $2/month S = $55D 1 = 100/month (months 1–6)D 2 = 150/month (months 7–12)a. 16.74255)100(2Q :D H DS2Q 010===83.90255)150(2Q :D 02==b. The EOQ model requires this.c. Discount of $10/order is equivalent to S – 10 = $45 (revised ordering cost)1–6 TC74 = $148.32180$)45(150100)2(2150TC 145$)45(100100)2(2100TC *140$)45(50100)2(250TC 15010050=+==+==+=7–12 TC 91 =$181.66195$)45(150150)2(2150TC *5.167$)45(100150)2(2100TC 185$)45(50150)2(250TC 15010050=+==+==+=10. p = 50/ton/day u = 20 tons/day200 days/yr. S = $100 H = $5/ton per yr.a. bags] [10,328 tons 40.5162050505100)000,4(2u p p H DS 2Q 0=-=-=b. ]bags 8.196,6 .approx [ tons 84.309)30(504.516)u p (P Q I max ==-=Average is92.154248.309:2I max =tons [approx. 3,098 bags] c. Run length =days 33.10504.516P Q == d. Runs per year = 8] approx .[ 7.754.516000,4QD == e. Q ' = 258.2TC =S QD H 2I max + TC orig. = $1,549.00 TC rev. = $ 774.50Savings would be $774.50D= 20 tons/day x 20015. RangeP H Q D = 4,900 seats/yr. 0–999 $5.00 $2.00 495 H = .4P 1,000–3,999 4.95 1.98 497 NF S = $50 4,000–5,999 4.90 1.96 500 NF 6,000+4.851.94503 NFCompare TC 495 with TC for all lower price breaks:TC 495 =495 ($2) + 4,900($50) + $5.00(4,900) = $25,490 2 495 TC 1,000 = 1,000 ($1.98) + 4,900($50) + $4.95(4,900) = $25,4902 1,000 TC 4,000 = 4,000 ($1.96) + 4,900($50) + $4.90(4,900) = $27,9912 4,000 TC 6,000 = 6,000 ($1.94) + 4,900($50) + $4.85(4,900) = $29,6262 6,000Hence, one would be indifferent between 495 or 1,000 units 22. d = 30 gal./day ROP = 170 gal. LT = 4 days,ss = Z σd LT = 50 galRisk = 9% Z = 1.34 Solving, σd LT = 37.31 3% Z = 1.88, ss=1.88 x 37.31 = 70.14 gal.Chapter 13 - JIT and Lean Operations1. N = ?N = DT(1 + X)D = 80 pieces per hourC T = 75 min. = 1.25 hr. = 80(1.25) (1.35)= 3C = 45 45X = .35• •• •495 497 500 5031,0004,000 6,000QuantityTC4. The smallest daily quantity evenly divisible into all four quantities is 3. Therefore, usethree cycles.Product Daily quantity Units per cycleA 21 21/3 = 7B 12 12/3 = 4C 3 3/3 = 1D 15 15/3 = 55.a. Cycle 1 2 3 4A 6 6 5 5B 3 3 3 3C 1 1 1 1D 4 4 5 5E 2 2 2 2 b. Cycle 1 2A 11 11B 6 6C 2 2D 8 8E 4 4c. 4 cycles = lower inventory, more flexibility2 cycles = fewer changeovers7. Net available time = 480 – 75 = 405. Takt time = 405/300 units per day = 1.35 minutes. Chapter 15 - Scheduling6. a. FCFS: A–B–C–DSPT: D–C–B–AEDD: C–B–D–ACR: A–C–D–BFCFS: Job time Flow time Due date DaysJob (days) (days) (days) tardyA 14 14 20 0B 10 24 16 8C 7 31 15 16D 6 37 17 2037 106 44SPT: Job time Flow time Due date Days Job (days) (days) (days) tardyD 6 6 17 0C 7 13 15 0B 10 23 16 7A 14 37 20 1737 79 24EDD: Job time Flow time Due date DaysJob (days) (days) (days) tardyC 7 7 15 0B 10 17 16 1D 6 23 17 6A 14 37 20 1784 24Critical RatioJob Processing Time(Days) Due Date Critical Ratio CalculationA 14 20 (20 – 0) / 14 = 1.43B 10 16 (16 – 0) /10 = 1.60C 7 15 (15 – 0) / 7 = 2.14D 6 17 (17 – 0) / 6 = 2.83Job A has the lowest critical ratio, therefore it is scheduled first and completed on day 14. After the completion of Job A, the revised critical ratios are:Job Processing Time(Days) Due Date Critical Ratio CalculationA –––B 10 16 (16 – 14) /10 = 0.20C 7 15 (15 – 14) / 7 = 0.14D 6 17 (17 – 14) / 6 = 0.50Job C has the lowest critical ratio, therefore it is scheduled next and completed on day 21. After the completion of Job C, the revised critical ratios are:Job Processing Time(Days) Due Date Critical Ratio CalculationA –––B 10 16 (16 – 21) /10 = –0.50C –––D 6 17 (17 – 21) / 6 = –0.67Job D has the lowest critical ratio therefore it is scheduled next and completed on day 27. The critical ratio sequence is A –C –D –B and the makespan is 37 days. Critical Ratio sequenceProcessing Time(Days)Flow time Due Date TardinessA 14 14 20 0 C 7 21 15 6 D 6 27 17 10 B1037 16 21 ∑9937b.ardi Flow time Average flow time Number of jobsDays tardy Average job t ness Number of jobs Flow timeAverage number of jobs at the center Makespan==∑=FCFS SPT EDD CR26.50 19.75 21.00 24.75 11.0 6.00 6.00 9.25 2.86 2.142.272.67c. SPT is superior.9.Time (hr.) Sequence of assignment:Order Step 1 Step 2A 1.20 1.40 .80 [C] last (or 7th)B 0.90 1.30 .90 [B] firstC 2.00 0.80 1.20 [A] 2ndD 1.70 1.50 1.30 [G] 3rdE 1.60 1.80 1.60 [E] 4thF 2.20 1.75 1.50 [D] 6th G1.301.401.75[F]5thThus, the sequence is b-a-g-e-f-d-c.。
智慧树运营管理课后答案
智慧树运营管理课后答案1. 简介本文是智慧树课程《运营管理》的课后答案。
运营管理是管理学的重要分支，旨在帮助企业有效组织、规划和控制生产过程，以提高生产效率并提供高质量的产品和服务。
2. 课后答案以下是智慧树课程《运营管理》中各章节的课后答案：第一章：运营管理导论1.运营管理是指企业对生产系统和分销系统进行规划、组织、实施和控制的管理活动。
2.运营管理的目标是提高生产效率、提供高质量的产品和服务、降低成本并满足顾客需求。
3.运营管理的主要职能包括生产计划和控制、库存管理、供应链管理、质量管理等。
第二章：产品和服务设计1.产品设计是指确定产品的功能、特性和性能，并为其提供合适的外观和包装。
2.服务设计是指确定服务的特性、流程和交付方式，并为其提供合适的服务环境和设施。
3.产品和服务设计的目标是满足顾客需求、提高产品价值和降低生产成本。
第三章：过程设计和分析1.过程设计是指确定产品或服务的生产流程和操作步骤。
2.过程分析是指研究和改进生产过程，以提高生产效率和质量。
3.过程设计和分析的工具和技术包括流程图、价值流图、工艺分析和工作测量等。
第四章：物料管理和供应链管理1.物料管理是指对物料的采购、储存和使用进行有效管理。
2.供应链管理是指对供应商、生产商和分销商之间的物流、信息流和资金流进行协调和管理。
3.物料管理和供应链管理的目标是降低成本、提高响应速度和提供优质的产品和服务。
第五章：质量管理和绩效评价1.质量管理是指通过一系列控制和改进措施，确保产品和服务的质量符合顾客的要求和期望。
2.绩效评价是指对企业运营绩效进行量化和评估，以判断是否达到预期目标。
3.质量管理和绩效评价的工具和技术包括质量控制图、质量成本、平衡计分卡等。
3. 总结本文总结了智慧树课程《运营管理》中各章节的课后答案。
通过学习运营管理，我们可以了解企业如何通过有效组织、规划和控制生产过程，提高生产效率、降低成本并提供高质量的产品和服务。
运营管理课后习题答案
Chapter 02 - Competitiveness, Strategy, and Productivity3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)Week Output WorkerCost@$12x40OverheadCost @MaterialCost@$6TotalCostMFP(2) ÷ (6)1 30,000 2,880 4,320 2,700 9,9002 33,600 3,360 5,040 2,820 11,2203 32,200 3,360 5,040 2,760 11,1604 35,400 3,840 5,760 2,880 12,480*refer to solved problem #2Multifactor productivity dropped steadily from a high of to about .4. a. Before: 80 ÷ 5 = 16 carts per worker per hour.After: 84 ÷ 4 = 21 carts per worker per hour.b. Before: ($10 x 5 = $50) + $40 = $90; hence 80 ÷ $90 = .89 carts/$1.After: ($10 x 4 = $40) + $50 = $90; hence 84 ÷ $90 = .93 carts/$1.c. Labor productivity increased by % ((21-16)/16).Multifactor productivity increased by % ((./.89).*Machine ProductivityBefore: 80 ÷ 40 = 2 carts/$1.After: 84 ÷ 50 = carts/$1.Productivity increased by -16% (/2)Chapter 03 - Product and Service Design6. Steps for Making Cash Withdrawal from an ATM1. Insert Card: Magnetic Strip Should be Facing Down2. Watch Screen for Instructions3. Select Transaction Options:1) Deposit2) Withdrawal3) Transfer4) Other4. Enter Information:1) PIN Number2) Select a Transaction and Account3) Enter Amount of Transaction5. Deposit/Withdrawal: 1) Deposit —place in an envelope (which you’ll find near or in the ATM) andinsert it into the deposit slot2) Withdrawal —lift the “Withdrawal Door,” being careful to remove all cash6. Remove card and receipt (which serves as the transaction record)8.Chapter 04 - Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services2. %80capacityEffective outputActual Efficiency ==Actual output = .8 (Effective capacity) Effective capacity = .5 (Design capacity) Actual output = (.5)(.8)(Effective capacity) Actual output = (.4)(Design capacity) Actual output = 8 jobs Utilization = .4capacityDesign outputActual =n Utilizatiojobs 204.8capacity Effective output Actual Capacity Design ===10. a. Given: 10 hrs. or 600 min. of operating time per day.250 days x 600 min. = 150,000 min. per year operating time.Total processing time by machineProductABC 1 48,000 64,000 32,000 2 48,000 48,000 36,000 3 30,000 36,000 24,000 460,000 60,000 30,000 Total 186,000208,000122,000machine181.000,150000,122machine 238.1000,150000,208machine224.1000,150000,186≈==≈==≈==C B A N N NYou would have to buy two “A” machines at a total cost of $80,000, or two “B” machines at a total cost of $60,000, or one “C” machine at $80,000.b.Total cost for each type of machine:A (2): 186,000 min ÷ 60 = 3,100 hrs. x $10 = $31,000 + $80,000 = $111,000B (2) : 208,000 ÷ 60 = 3, hrs. x $11 = $38,133 + $60,000 = $98,133 C(1): 122,000 ÷ 60 = 2, hrs. x $12 = $24,400 + $80,000 = $104,400Buy 2 Bs —these have the lowest total cost.Chapter 05 - Process Selection and Facility Layout3.Desired output = 4Operating time = 56 minutesunit per minutes 14hourper units 4hourper minutes 65output Desired time Operating CT ===Task # of Following tasksPositional WeightA 4 23B 3 20C 2 18D 3 25E 2 18F 4 29G 3 24H 1 14 I5a. First rule: most followers. Second rule: largest positional weight.Assembly Line Balancing Table (CT = 14)b. First rule: Largest positional weight.Assembly Line Balancing Table (CT = 14)c. %36.805645stations of no. x CT time Total Efficiency ===4. a. l.2. Minimum Ct = minutesTask Following tasksa 4b 3c 3d 2e 3f 2g 1h3. percent 54.11)3.1(46.CT x N time)(idle percent Idle ==∑=4. 420 min./day 323.1 ( 323)/1.3 min./OT Output rounds to copiers day CT cycle=== b. 1. inutes m 3.224.6N time Total CT ,6.4 time Total ==== 2. Assign a, b, c, d, and e to station 1: minutes [no idle time]Assign f, g, and h to station 2: minutes3. 420182.6 copiers /2.3OT Output day CT ===4.420 min./dayMaximum Ct is 4.6. Output 91.30 copiers /4.6 min./day cycle==7.Chapter 06 - Work Design and Measurement3. Element PR OT NT AF jobST1 .90 .46 .414 .4762 .853 .83 .913 4Total8. A = 24 + 10 + 14 = 48 minutes per 4 hours.min 125.720.11x70.5ST .min 70.5)95(.6NT 20.24048A =-=====9. a. Element PR OT NT A ST12 .83 .9553.56.588.676b.01.A 00.2z 034.s 83.x ==== 222(.034)67.12~68.01(.83)zs n observations ax ⎛⎫⎛⎫===⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭c. e = .01 minutes 47 to round ,24.4601.)034(.2e zs n 22=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=Chapter 07- Location Planning and Analysis1. Factor Local bank Steel mill Food warehouse Public school1. Convenience forcustomers H L M–H M–H2. Attractiveness ofbuilding H L M M–H3. Nearness to rawmaterials L H L M4. Large amounts ofpower L H L L5. Pollution controls L H L L6. Labor cost andavailability L M L L7. Transportationcosts L M–H M–H M8. Constructioncosts M H M M–HLocation (a) Location (b)4. Factor A B C Weight A B C1. Business Services 9 5 5 2/9 18/9 10/9 10/92. Community Services 7 6 7 1/9 7/9 6/9 7/93. Real Estate Cost 3 8 7 1/9 3/9 8/9 7/94. Construction Costs 5 6 5 2/9 10/9 12/9 10/95. Cost of Living 4 7 8 1/9 4/9 7/9 8/96. Taxes 5 5 5 1/9 5/9 5/9 4/97. Transportation 6 7 8 1/9 6/9 7/9 8/9Total 39 44 45 53/9 55/9 54/9 Each factor has a weight of 1/7.a. Composite Scores 39 44 45 7 7 7B orC is the best and A is least desirable.b. Business Services and Construction Costs both have a weight of 2/9; the other factors eachhave a weight of 1/9.5 x + 2 x + 2 x = 1 x = 1/9c. Composite ScoresA B C 53/9 55/9 54/9B is the best followed byC and then A.5.Locationx yA 3 7B 8 2C 4 6D 4 1E 6 4Totals 25 20-x =∑x i= 25 = -y =∑y i= 20 = n 5 n 5Hence, the center of gravity is at (5,4) and therefore the optimal location.Chapter 08 - Management of Quality1. ChecksheetWork Type FrequencyLube and Oil 12Brakes 7Tires 6Battery 4Transmission 1Total 30ParetoLube & Oil Brakes Tires Battery Trans.2 .The run charts seems to show a pattern of errors possibly linked to break times or the end of the shift. Perhaps workers are becoming fatigued. If so, perhaps two 10 minute breaks in the morning and again in the afternoon instead of one 20 minute break could reduce some errors. Also, errors are occurring during the last few minutes before noon and the end of the shift, and those periods should also be given management’s attention.4break lunch break3 2 1 0• • •• • • ••• • • ••••••• ••• •• • •• • •••Chapter 9 - Quality Control4. Sample Mean Range1Mean Chart: =X ± A 2-R = ± 2 = ±3UCL = , LCL =4 Range Chart: UCL = D 4-R = = 5LCL = D 3-R = 0 = 06[Both charts suggest the process is in control: Neither has any points outside the limits.]6. n = 200 Control Limits = np p p )1(2-±Thus, UCL is .0234 and LCL becomes 0.Since n = 200, the fraction represented by each data point is half the amount shown. ., 1 defective = .005, 2 defectives = .01, etc.Sample 10 is too large.7. 857.714110c ==Control limits: 409.8857.7c 3c ±=± UCL is , LCL becomes 0.All values are within the limits.14. Let USL = Upper Specification Limit, LSL = Lower Specification Limit,X = Process mean, σ = Process standard deviationFor process H:}{capablenot ,0.193.93.04.1 ,938.min 04.1)32)(.3(1516393.)32)(.3(1.14153<===-=σ-=-=σ-pk C X USL LSL X 0096.)200(1325==p 0138.0096.200)9904(.0096.20096.±=±=For process K:.1}17.1,0.1min{17.1)1)(3(335.3630.1)1)(3(30333===-=σ-=-=σ- C X USL LSL X pk Assuming the minimum acceptable pk C is , since < , the process is not capable.For process T:33.1}33.1,67.1min{33.1)4.0)(3(5.181.20367.1)4.0)(3(5.165.183===-=σ-=-=σ- C X USL LSL X pk Since = , the process is capable.Chapter 10 - Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling7. a.No backlogs are allowedPeriodForecast Output Regular Overtime Subcontract Output - Forecast Inventory Beginning Ending Average Backlog Costs: Regular Overtime Subcontract Inventory Totalb.Level strategyPeriodForecastOutputRegularOvertimeSubcontractOutput - ForecastInventoryBeginningEndingAverageBacklogCosts:RegularOvertimeSubcontractInventoryBacklogTotal8.PeriodForecastOutputRegularOvertimeSubcontractOutput- ForecastInventoryBeginningEndingAverageBacklogCosts:RegularOvertimeSubcontractInventoryBacklogTotalChapter 11 - MRP and ERP1. a. F: 2 G: 1 H: 1J: 2 x 2 = 4 L: 1 x 2 = 2 A: 1 x 4 = 4D: 2 x 4 = 8 J: 1 x 2 = 2 D: 1 x 2 = 2Totals: F = 2; G = 1; H = 1; J = 6; D = 10; L = 2; A = 4b.4.MasterSchedule10. Week 1 2 3 4Material 40 80 60 70Week 1 2 3 4Labor hr. 160 320 240 280Mach. hr. 120 240 180 210a. Capacity utilizationWeek 1 2 3 4Labor % % 80% %Machine 60% 120% 90% 105%b. C apacity utilization exceeds 100% for both labor and machine in week 2, and formachine alone in week 4.Production could be shifted to earlier or later weeks in which capacity isunderutilized. Shifting to an earlier week would result in added carrying costs;shifting to later weeks would mean backorder costs.Another option would be to work overtime. Labor cost would increase due toovertime premium, a probable decrease in productivity, and possible increase inaccidents.Chapter 12 - Inventory Management2. The following table contains figures on the monthly volume and unit costs for a random sample of 16 items for a list of 2,000 inventory items.a. See table.b. To allocate control efforts.c. It might be important for some reason other than dollar usage, such as cost of astockout, usage highly correlated to an A item, etc.3. D = 1,215 bags/yr. S = $10 H = $75a. bags HDS Q 187510)215,1(22===b. Q/2 = 18/2 = 9 bagsc.orders ordersbags bags Q D 5.67/ 18 215,1== d . S QD H 2/Q TC +=350,1$675675)10(18215,1)75(218=+=+=e. Assuming that holding cost per bag increases by $9/bag/yearQ ==84)10)(215,1(217 bags71.428,1$71.714714)10(17215,1)84(217=+=+=TCIncrease by [$1, – $1,350] = $4.D = 40/day x 260 days/yr. = 10,400 packagesS = $60 H = $30a. oxes b 20496.2033060)400,10(2H DS 2Q 0====b. S QD H 2Q TC +=82.118,6$82.058,3060,3)60(204400,10)30(2204=+=+=c. Yesd. )60(200400,10)30(2200TC 200+=TC 200 = 3,000 + 3,120 = $6,1206,120 – 6, (only $ higher than with EOQ, so 200 is acceptable.)7.H = $2/month S = $55D 1 = 100/month (months 1–6)D 2 = 150/month (months 7–12)a. 16.74255)100(2Q :D H DS2Q 010===83.90255)150(2Q :D 02==b. The EOQ model requires this.c. Discount of $10/order is equivalent to S – 10 = $45 (revised ordering cost)1–6 TC74 = $180$)45(150100)2(2150TC 145$)45(100100)2(2100TC *140$)45(50100)2(250TC 15010050=+==+==+=7–12 TC 91 =$195$)45(150150)2(2150TC *5.167$)45(100150)2(2100TC 185$)45(50150)2(250TC 15010050=+==+==+=10. p = 50/ton/day u = 20 tons/day200 days/yr.S = $100 H = $5/ton per yr.a. bags] [10,328 tons 40.5162050505100)000,4(2u p p H DS 2Q 0=-=-=b. ]bags 8.196,6 .approx [ tons 84.309)30(504.516)u p (P Q I max ==-=Average is92.154248.309:2I max =tons [approx. 3,098 bags] c. Run length =days 33.10504.516P Q == d. Runs per year = 8] approx .[ 7.754.516000,4QD == e. Q ' =TC =S QD H 2I max + TC orig. = $1, TC rev. = $Savings would be $D= 20 tons/day x 200 days/yr. = 4,000 tons/yr.15. Range PHQ D = 4,900 seats/yr. 0–999 $ $ 495 H = .4P 1,000–3,999 497 NF S = $50 4,000–5,999 500 NF 6,000+503 NFCompare TC 495 with TC for all lower price breaks:TC 495 =495 ($2) + 4,900($50) + $(4,900) = $25,490 2 495 TC 1,000 = 1,000 ($ + 4,900($50) + $(4,900) = $25,4902 1,000 TC 4,000 = 4,000 ($ + 4,900($50) + $(4,900) = $27,9912 4,000 TC 6,000 = 6,000 ($ + 4,900($50) + $(4,900) = $29,6262 6,000Hence, one would be indifferent between 495 or 1,000 units 22. d = 30 gal./day ROP = 170 gal. LT = 4 days,ss = Z σd LT = 50 gal Risk = 9% Z = Solving, σd LT = 3% Z = , ss= x = gal.Chapter 13 - JIT and Lean Operations1. N = ?N = DT(1 + X)D = 80 pieces per hourC T = 75 min. = hr. = 80 = 3C = 45 45X = .35QuantityTC4. The smallest daily quantity evenly divisible into all four quantities is 3. Therefore, usethree cycles.Product Daily quantity Units per cycleA 21 21/3 = 7B 12 12/3 = 4C 3 3/3 = 1D 15 15/3 = 55.a. Cycle 1 2 3 4A 6 6 5 5B 3 3 3 3C 1 1 1 1D 4 4 5 5E 2 2 2 2 b. Cycle 1 2A 11 11B 6 6C 2 2D 8 8E 4 4c. 4 cycles = lower inventory, more flexibility2 cycles = fewer changeovers7. Net available time = 480 – 75 = 405. Takt time = 405/300 units per day = minutes. Chapter 15 - Scheduling6. a. FCFS: A–B–C–DSPT: D–C–B–AEDD: C–B–D–ACR: A–C–D–BFCFS: Job time Flow time Due date DaysJob (days) (days) (days) tardyA 14 14 20 0B 10 24 16 8C 7 31 15 16D 6 37 17 2037 106 44SPT: Job time Flow time Due date Days Job (days) (days) (days) tardyD 6 6 17 0C 7 13 15 0B 10 23 16 7A 14 37 20 1737 79 24EDD:Job D has the lowest critical ratio therefore it is scheduled next and completed on day 27.b.ardi Flow time Average flow time Number of jobs Days tardy Average job t ness Number of jobs Flow timeAverage number of jobs at the center Makespan==∑=FCFS SPT EDD CRc. SPT is superior.9.Thus, the sequence is b-a-g-e-f-d-c.。
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第4章练习答案
4.某公司要新建一个卖场，现有A、B、C三个备选地址，各位专家对A、B、C三个备选地址的评分如下表所示。
请问你觉得选择哪个最合适？
答：最佳地址选择A地址。
5.要新建一座工厂，现有A、B、C三个备选厂址，相关数据如下表所示，请问选择哪个厂址较好？
答：利润A：300000*（30-18）-1500000=2100000
B:250000*(30-20)-3000000=-500000
C:325000*(30-19.5)-4000000=-587500
选A方案优，可获利润2100000元。
6.某公司现有3个原料供应地M1、M2、 M3和2个加工厂A和B,根据公司经营发展需要，计划新建一个加工厂，现有X地区和Y地区两处可供建厂的新址选择，有关单位运费资料如下表所示，试求最佳选址方案。
答：Y地区建厂最优。
9.根据下列作业活动关系图，将9个部门安排在一个3×3的区域内，要求把部门5安排在左下角的位置上。
答：
关系：A（1,3）（1,7）（1,8）（2,5）（2,6）（2,7）
（3,9）（4,6）（4,7）（5,7）（5,9）（7,8）（7,9）
X （1,2）（1,6）（2,3）（3,4）（3,6）（3,8）
（4,5）（4,9）（5,6）（5,8）（6,9）（8,9）。