What is argumentation
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Argumentation-and-Exposition
ferences between exposition and argumentation?
Making a point and then supporting it.
The difference here is that argumentation advances a controversial point, a point that at least some of your readers will not be inclined to accept.
Then…
Structure
Presenting your own arguments Present reasons Support your reasons logically with evidence Conclusion Restate your position Summarize your main arguments Suggest what actions should be taken Warn what might happen if your position is not accepted
Argumentation
Argumentation
In ordinary speech, the word argument is often associated with anger and conflict. But in writing, and especially in research papers, argument means a conflict of opinions, not of people.
The ability to put forth sound and compelling arguments is an important skill in everyday life. E.g. You can use argumentation to make a point in a class discussion, talk an employer into giving you a day off.
Making a point and then supporting it.
The difference here is that argumentation advances a controversial point, a point that at least some of your readers will not be inclined to accept.
Then…
Structure
Presenting your own arguments Present reasons Support your reasons logically with evidence Conclusion Restate your position Summarize your main arguments Suggest what actions should be taken Warn what might happen if your position is not accepted
Argumentation
Argumentation
In ordinary speech, the word argument is often associated with anger and conflict. But in writing, and especially in research papers, argument means a conflict of opinions, not of people.
The ability to put forth sound and compelling arguments is an important skill in everyday life. E.g. You can use argumentation to make a point in a class discussion, talk an employer into giving you a day off.
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
Mere statements of facts仅仅评论事实 Statements of personal preference个
人经历的评论 Viewpoints that are generally
accepted or can be easily verified观点 可以大提升被接受或者容易阐述
The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.论点句应该通 过议论来引导读者
The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.论点句通常在文章 的引言部分
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
Contents
What is argumentation and persuasion何为论证与说服
Strategies for using argumentation and persuasion使用论证与说服的策略
What Argumentation Is所谓论证就是
Considering the audience 考虑受众
Thinking logically 逻辑思考
Argumentation
The purpose of argumentation议论的目的
Persuade reasonable people to agree with the opinion说服理性的人们同意（作者的）观点
Defend an opinion, to establish its validity even if others cannot be persuaded to agree守护一个观点，即使其他人不能被说服同意 的时候也能建立该观点的效力
人经历的评论 Viewpoints that are generally
accepted or can be easily verified观点 可以大提升被接受或者容易阐述
The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.论点句应该通 过议论来引导读者
The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.论点句通常在文章 的引言部分
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
Contents
What is argumentation and persuasion何为论证与说服
Strategies for using argumentation and persuasion使用论证与说服的策略
What Argumentation Is所谓论证就是
Considering the audience 考虑受众
Thinking logically 逻辑思考
Argumentation
The purpose of argumentation议论的目的
Persuade reasonable people to agree with the opinion说服理性的人们同意（作者的）观点
Defend an opinion, to establish its validity even if others cannot be persuaded to agree守护一个观点，即使其他人不能被说服同意 的时候也能建立该观点的效力
Argumentation and Exposition
Expository essay
What is argumentation?
Argumentative essay is a text that establishes a claim or position which aims to convince the reader that its ideas are true, or, at least, worth considering.
convincing or persuading.
While exposition does not always contain argumentation, argumentation always contains exposition!
Strategies for argumentation
Lecture 4
Understanding Paragraphs
Beggars do not envy millionaires, though of course they will envy other beggars who are more successful.
"Hope is the poor ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้an's bread."
What is exposition?
It is a type of writing in which the writer communicates to the reader his opinion about a topic or an issue and provides material to inform or explain the opinion.
Exposition is further divided into Examples, process, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect
What is argumentation?
Argumentative essay is a text that establishes a claim or position which aims to convince the reader that its ideas are true, or, at least, worth considering.
convincing or persuading.
While exposition does not always contain argumentation, argumentation always contains exposition!
Strategies for argumentation
Lecture 4
Understanding Paragraphs
Beggars do not envy millionaires, though of course they will envy other beggars who are more successful.
"Hope is the poor ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้an's bread."
What is exposition?
It is a type of writing in which the writer communicates to the reader his opinion about a topic or an issue and provides material to inform or explain the opinion.
Exposition is further divided into Examples, process, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect
writing argumentation I--Introduction (ss version)
请勿转发
2-3 Evidence
• Hard evidence (rational appeals)
– Facts, examples, authoritative opinions etc.
• Soft evidence (emotional appeals)
– Moral considerations, common-sense observations, personal opinions, social values etc.
• E.g. read paragraphs 6-10, find examples of hard and soft evidence in ―In Praise of the F Word‖ on page 397-399.
请勿转发
2-4 Opposing Claims
• Why acknowledging opposing claims?
• Professional athletes do not deserve their inflated salaries, nor does their behavior merit so much media attention. • The career of a professional athlete is usually quite short. • Nurses assigned to intensive-care units should be given shorter shifts and higher pay because the work is usually demanding and stressful. • On average, women dream more than men, and children dream more than adults. • The best approach to taken when you feel the urge to exercise is to lie down quickly in a darkened room until the feeling goes away. • More women should get involved in local politics and support the growing number of female candidates for public office. • The first person to die of radiation poisoning was a co-discoverer of radium, Marie Curie.
2-3 Evidence
• Hard evidence (rational appeals)
– Facts, examples, authoritative opinions etc.
• Soft evidence (emotional appeals)
– Moral considerations, common-sense observations, personal opinions, social values etc.
• E.g. read paragraphs 6-10, find examples of hard and soft evidence in ―In Praise of the F Word‖ on page 397-399.
请勿转发
2-4 Opposing Claims
• Why acknowledging opposing claims?
• Professional athletes do not deserve their inflated salaries, nor does their behavior merit so much media attention. • The career of a professional athlete is usually quite short. • Nurses assigned to intensive-care units should be given shorter shifts and higher pay because the work is usually demanding and stressful. • On average, women dream more than men, and children dream more than adults. • The best approach to taken when you feel the urge to exercise is to lie down quickly in a darkened room until the feeling goes away. • More women should get involved in local politics and support the growing number of female candidates for public office. • The first person to die of radiation poisoning was a co-discoverer of radium, Marie Curie.
four-modes-of-discourse
• 2. What are the two primary types of narration? • Non-fictional and fictional narration. The former, like a memorandum,
records one’s true feelings, experiences, memories, existing in biographies, diaries, anecdotes, etc. The latter narrates a make-up even or series of events, existing in short stories, novels.
• 3. How many organization patterns does argumentation have? • -----All argumentative topics have PROs and CONs. Before starting
writing, it is imperative to make a list of these ideas and choose the most suitable ones among them for supporting and refuting.
Argumentation
The purpose of argumentation (also called persuasive writing) is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation with the additional aim to urge the reader to take some form of action. Examples include:
records one’s true feelings, experiences, memories, existing in biographies, diaries, anecdotes, etc. The latter narrates a make-up even or series of events, existing in short stories, novels.
• 3. How many organization patterns does argumentation have? • -----All argumentative topics have PROs and CONs. Before starting
writing, it is imperative to make a list of these ideas and choose the most suitable ones among them for supporting and refuting.
Argumentation
The purpose of argumentation (also called persuasive writing) is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation with the additional aim to urge the reader to take some form of action. Examples include:
arguementative-essay-writingPPT课件
Argumentative essay writing
By 程园、毛美玲、陈金晶、王巧巧
•The writing principles for writing an argumentative essay
Page 2
1) What is argumentation or persuasion
Argumentation or persuasion is a logical way of essay development by which the writer tries to convince readers or other people of the soundness of a particular opinion on a controversial issue.
Page 6
Argumentation VS. exposition
exposition
What it involves
What it aims at
1.presenting a point
Getting readers to
2.Explaining, clarifying, understand the point of and illustrating the point ion or persuasion involves more than presenting a point of view and providing evidence .
Argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.
Page 3
What is the purpose of writing an argumentative or persuasive essay?
By 程园、毛美玲、陈金晶、王巧巧
•The writing principles for writing an argumentative essay
Page 2
1) What is argumentation or persuasion
Argumentation or persuasion is a logical way of essay development by which the writer tries to convince readers or other people of the soundness of a particular opinion on a controversial issue.
Page 6
Argumentation VS. exposition
exposition
What it involves
What it aims at
1.presenting a point
Getting readers to
2.Explaining, clarifying, understand the point of and illustrating the point ion or persuasion involves more than presenting a point of view and providing evidence .
Argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.
Page 3
What is the purpose of writing an argumentative or persuasive essay?
15What is Argumentation
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The usual way of reasoning is to start with specific examples and end with
a general concluding statement.
For example:
Wang is Chinese. Most Chinese eat noodles.
“Ba Jin is the greatest Chinese writer of the 20th century.”
DEBATABLE POINT (3)
“Noise pollution is harmful to health.” This should be:
“Noise pollution is the most harmful of all environmental pollution.”
ARGUMENTATION
WHAT IS ARGUMENTATION?
- the various methods of exposition that aim to convince the reader.
It may also consist of description and narration.
ASSIGNMENT 3
Write a 5-paragraph essay on the following topic:
A good quality you gained (or lost) as you grew up
Give your essay a title. Handwrite your final copy on the issued A4 paper.
Argumentation(1)议论文写作
4. Accuracy: Data shouldn’t be used unless it is accurate and up-to-date, and it can’t be persuasive unless the audience believes in the writer’s credibility. Faith in the accuracy of a writer’s data is one function of ethos.
Argumentation: Purposes
1. To convince other people to accept—or at least accept the validity of—your position 2. To defend your position, even if others cannot be convinced to agree 3. To question or refute a position you believe to be misguided, untrue, or dangerous without necessarily offering an alternative
Evidence: Different Kinds
• Authoritative (expert testimony): Not all opinions are equal. The opinions of experts are more convincing that are those of individuals with no specialized knowledge. In the end, what is important is not just the quality of evidence but also the credibility of the person offering it.
Argumentation: Purposes
1. To convince other people to accept—or at least accept the validity of—your position 2. To defend your position, even if others cannot be convinced to agree 3. To question or refute a position you believe to be misguided, untrue, or dangerous without necessarily offering an alternative
Evidence: Different Kinds
• Authoritative (expert testimony): Not all opinions are equal. The opinions of experts are more convincing that are those of individuals with no specialized knowledge. In the end, what is important is not just the quality of evidence but also the credibility of the person offering it.
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Is argumentation something new to you? No! Like language itself, argument is something you have known nearly your entire life. The first time you tried to talk your parents out of making you go to bed, yohen is an argument?
Argument, then, is nothing new. Still, just as college composition classes help you to improve language skills you already have, these same classes—and others in history, psychology, chemistry, and every other discipline—can help you to polish your argumentative skills.
You are to watch a film entitled, My Big Fat Greek Wedding. As you watch the film, take note of the different arguments which the characters/people in the film used to explain their views. Enjoy the film and make sure you take down notes for next week’s recitation.
An argument is a connected series of statements intended to establish a definite proposition.
When offering an argument, you are offering a series of related statements which represent an attempt to support that assertion — to give others good reasons to believe that what you are asserting is true rather than false.
Argumentation is the process of forming reasons, justifying beliefs, and drawing conclusions with the aim of influencing the thoughts and/or actions of other people.
Argument, then, is nothing new. Still, just as college composition classes help you to improve language skills you already have, these same classes—and others in history, psychology, chemistry, and every other discipline—can help you to polish your argumentative skills.
You are to watch a film entitled, My Big Fat Greek Wedding. As you watch the film, take note of the different arguments which the characters/people in the film used to explain their views. Enjoy the film and make sure you take down notes for next week’s recitation.
An argument is a connected series of statements intended to establish a definite proposition.
When offering an argument, you are offering a series of related statements which represent an attempt to support that assertion — to give others good reasons to believe that what you are asserting is true rather than false.
Argumentation is the process of forming reasons, justifying beliefs, and drawing conclusions with the aim of influencing the thoughts and/or actions of other people.