2008年10月自考英语(二)试题
2008年10月自考英语（二）试题照着GIF图片格式的打的,难免有错误,敬请谅解.4juan站长,老周.I．V ocabulary and Structure1. If you ____ in ignoring my instructions, I shall have to punish you.A. existB. resisteC. persistD. insist2．Economics, student needs and our new understandings of how people learn are ____ to break the traditional education monopoly.A. temptedB. boundC. obligedD. determined3. I shall come to the meeting. I can’t stay till the end, _____.A.thoughB. somehowC. thereforeD. otherwise4. They said he was _____ of holding public office, so they decided to deprive him of his post.A. irrelevantB. irresponsibleC. incapableD. indifferent5. The sad condition of women working as domestics _____ much media attention.A. receivedB. perceivedC. inspectedD. suspected6. The masses cannot ____ hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt.A. go throughB. go in forC. go overD. go into7. Not until quited recently _____ that language was closely related to culture.A. I realizedB. did realize IC. realized ID. did I realize8. Robots are programmed to take over such jobs _____ welding and painting.A. forB. likeC. ofD. as10. Lots of dependent babies are ______ of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.A. betterB. moreC. largerD. greaterII. Cloze TestChoise is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choise, there is no decision to be made. Decision __11__ is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of chlise. For example, a student __12__ be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For manager, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the __13__. These constraints exist __14__ all levels of the organization.Alternatives are the possible couses of action __15__ choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, __16__ decision. __17__ no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes __18__ problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to __19__ blinds them to other alternatives.At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and therange is from highly limited __20__ practically unlimited.11. A. made B. making C. make D. to make12. A. must B. can C. may D. should13. A. similar B. same C. so on D. like14. A. at B. for C. on D. over15. A. among what B. between them C. of that D. from which16. A. somewhat B. some C. no D. any17. A. As B. If C. While D. Though18. A. treat B. meet C. face D. deal19. A. satisfy B. simplify C. identify D. modify20. A. before B. in C. to D. afterPassage OneIn recent years many companies of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machines which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter wirkinghours be so important to them.21. The passage is mainly about how to ____.A. promote workers’ competitionB. meet worker’s need for varietyC. ensure workers’ right of choiceD. improve workers’ performance22. According to the writer, variety enables a worker to _____.A. derive more enjoyment from lifeB. work in his own way more freelyC. fulfill his job requirements betterD. undertake greater responsibilities23. We learn from the passage that freedom of choice _____.A. can hardly function in a flexible mannerB. can hardly lead to increased productivityC. is hardly seen as effective by companiesD. is hardly available in the modern factory24. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with large production lines, smaller ones give workers ____.A. a greater variety of interesting tasksB. a stronger sense of accomplishmentC. a better idea of the modern industryD. a clearer picture of essential factors25. According to the writer, higher pay can _____.A. make tiring work more interestingB. make up for longer working hoursC. help workers to live more happilyD. help to create greater procuctivityPassage TwoWe live in a technological society. Almost every aspect of life in the modern world is influenced (for better or worse) by technology . Communications, transportation, manufacturing, mining and exploration, the service industries, medicine, agriculture all are dominated by methods and apparatus which are the results of technological advances. The basis of technology is science. without the fundamental discoveries and understanding provided by science, technology would be hit-or-miss(随意的) affair, lacking direction and making little progress. One can argue that our society is beginning to suffer from too much technology, but we will never return to the primitive life of our ancestors – technology is with us and it will remain with us.Just as it is important to study history so that we can appreciate how the world came to its present state, it is important to learn some of the basic concepts of science so that we can appreciate the role that technology plays in modern society. For without some knowledge of the scientific principles by which technology operates, one can neighter cope with technology nor assist in directing it into the proper channels.In recent times, we have had the general attitude that whatever is technologically possible should be done. It is now becoming increasingly apparent that our scientific and technological progress has outstripped (超越) our capacity to perform or absorb everything that is possible. More and more, we weill have decisions to make: in what directions should the thrust of our new discoveries be made? The situation requires that we make intelligent decisions – decisions based in a knowledge and an understanding of what can be done, what will be the benefits, and what weill be the comsequences. Scientists do not make these decisions; people make them. It is therefore incumbent (义不容辞的) on every individual to acquire the basic knowledge that weill permit him to participate intelligently in directing the course of our technological advancement.26. According to the passage, technology can ____.A. produce bad effects on societyB. suffer from hit-or-miss affairsC. influence the course of scienceD. restore life of the primitive age27. According to the passage, one must learn basic concepts of science in order to ____.A. assist in directing science in a proper wayB. contribute to the orientation of technologyC. discover the progress of science in historyD. find out about the existence of technology28. Because the human capaity to perform or absorb everything that is possible has been outstripped, it is time for people to ____.A. slow down the development of technologyB. reduce the role of science in modern timesC. take a new point of view about technologyD. reevaluate the lifestyle of human ancestors29. According to the write, it is everyone’s responsibility to participate in deciding on ____.A. how fast scientific advancement should beB. how fast technological progress should beC. what to acquire and what to skip in scienceD. what to do and what to avoid in technology30. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the influence of technology on modern societyB. the importance of learning scientific principlesC. the imp;act of scientific progress on civilizationD. the difference between science and technologyPassage ThreeSince we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on out interpesonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fight off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulites. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support – financial aid, material resources, and needed services –that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with ourproblems.31. We learn from the passage that interpersonal relationships are important because _____.A. they are essential to people’s social well-being.B. they arouse people's desire for communicationC. they deal with problems in the informatoin eraD. they are effective in curing a range of diseases32. Research shows that people's physical and mental health _____.A. is related to stressful conditionsB. is related to support from othersC. relies on soical welfare systemsD. relies on the severity of diseases33. The underlined word "cushions" (paragraph 2) most probably means ____.A. adds up toB. does away withC. lessens the effect ofD. lays the foundation for34. Social companionship is beneficial in that_____.A. it enables people to eliminate their mistakesB. it helps people to understand their problemsC. it adds a new meaning to people's social lifed. it creates a new focus of attention for people35. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ____.A. instrumental supportB. informational supportC. social companionshipD. increasing self-respect第二部分非选择题IV. Word Spelling36. 增长，增加v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _37. 想象;料想vt. i_ _ _ _ _ _38. 特征;相貌n. f_ _ _ _ _ _39. 贵重的,有价值的adj. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _40. 寂静;沉默n. s_ _ _ _ _ _41. 散布,传播v. s_ _ _ _ _42. 放松;缓和n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _43. 暗示,含有...的意思vt. i_ _ _ _44. 敏感的,灵敏的adj. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _45. 护照n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _46. 感情,情绪n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _47. 批评的,紧要的adj. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _48. 城市的,都市的adj. u_ _ _ _49. 运输vt. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _50. 大约的,近似的adj. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _51. 追求;从事vt. p_ _ _ _ _52. 替换;代替n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _53. 装置;方法n. d_ _ _ _ _54. 分开;部门n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _55. 停止,结束v. c_ _ _ _V. Word Form56. Picture yourself vividly as ___________(defeat) and that alone will make victory impossible.57. The most _______________(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.58. _______________(affect) with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.59. It is not yet known whether robots ____________(have) vision as good as human vision one day.60. My family _______(be) loving and supportive. They are always ready to help me.61. Their positive leisure attitudes are essential for ________(motivate) them to use their leisure in creative ways.62. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently____________(recognize).63. If only he ___________________(take) my advice years ago.64. In 1966-1967, the transformation in England __________ (lead) by the Beatles, who were already established as a fine rock group.65. Increasingly new technology is making it __________(easy) for us to find alternative methods of testing.VI. Translation from Chinese into English66. 许多成功者在取得成功很久以前就曾梦想过他们的成功.67. 任何想要理解未来工业的人都得了解机器人技术.68. 我明天想做的就是呆在家里睡一天觉.69. 在美国每四年举行一次总统大选.70. 很难专心致志地干一件枯燥无味的事.VII. Translation from English into Chinese71. The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increase speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet. A genuine purpose may be served by tuning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may inspire.A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man's greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. But the quality of a man's dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world.一单选择1-10 D B A C B D A A A C11-20 A B D B B A A B D A21-25D C A B C26-30 2 4 1 3 131-35B A D C D36 activate37 boring38 summary39 discuss40 converse41 network42 evidently43 fade44racial45harmony46satisfaction 47 identity48define49inteview50 sociology51moldest52journey53owner54pretray55possess单词变形56successful 57 security58rosolving59proud60 personally61 simplify62acceptable 63produceful2008年10月自考英语（二）64pressure65exceptional66 由于发生了地震，这个地区的交通中断了。
自考英语二历年真题及答案
自考英语二历年真题及答案【北京骄能教育】2010年4月全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/aa2225bd960590c69ec37615.html 2009年4月全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/6c39642d7375a417866f8f15.html 2009年10月全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/0e45235c3b3567ec102d8a15.html 2008年10月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/af4f791e650e52ea55189815.html 2007年04月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/2f082f7101f69e3143329415.html 2006年04月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/bf24f669a45177232f60a215.html 2006年10月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/6648f4687e21af45b307a815.html 2005年04月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/d100b1c66137ee06eff9180a.html 2005年10月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/ba11606e58fafab069dc020a.html 【二：真题系列】2009年4月自考英语(二)试卷答案/view/aaff1208763231126edb1134.html2009年7月自考英语(二)试题答案/view/eee8ba51f01dc281e53af037.html2009年10月全国自考英语(二)试题答案/view/09174ffb770bf78a65295436.html2008年1月英语(二)试题答案/view/88880d37f111f18583d05a34.html2008年4月全国自考英语(二)试题答案/view/31aff23a580216fc700afd2a.html2008年7月英语(二)答案/view/0a207b175f0e7cd184253634.html2008年10月自考英语(二)试题/view/e9c6ad0d4a7302768e993934.html2007年4月自考英语(二)试题/view/f0f2c2bbfd0a79563c1e7234.html 2007年4月自考英语(二)试卷答案/view/b7b5aed528ea81c758f57834.html全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/7478393f5727a5e9856a6131.html全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/d5e3d6c708a1284ac8504331.html2006年4月自考英语二试卷/view/6019865f804d2b160b4ec034.html 2006年4月自学英语二试卷答案/view/6e8ed07da26925c52cc5bf34.html2006年10月英语(二)试题/view/fa2a87c69ec3d5bbfd0a742a.html 2006年10月英语(二)试题答案/view/532cb400a6c30c2259019e35.html 2006年10月全国自考自学考试“英语(二)”历年试卷试题(北京卷) /view/b67624687e21af45b307a834.html 2006年10月全国自考自学考试“英语(二)”试题(北京卷)答案/view/4d97e224ccbff121dd368334.html2005年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试/view/873aac68a98271fe910ef934.html 2005年10月自考英语(二)试题/view/6fdbf709581b6bd97f19ea34.html2004年10月英语(二)试题/view/1aa793868762caaedd33d42a.html 2004年10月英语(二)试题答案/view/910eca36a32d7375a417802a.html全国2003年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/0f1f2669a45177232f60a231.html2003年4月全国自考英语(二)试题/view/6cdf49f7ba0d4a7302763a35.html2003年10月英语(二)试题答案/view/2a30a9d5b9f3f90f76c61b35.html浙江省2002年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/0a257b175f0e7cd184253631.html浙江省2002年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/26bd7f0203d8ce2f00662331.html全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/aff57637ee06eff9aef80736.html全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/294d018884868762caaed531.html浙江省2002年7月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/aafa1208763231126edb1131.html全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/71b1fb3a87c24028915fc331.html全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/a2df002ded630b1c59eeb531.html2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试自考英语二试卷/view/6672246c1eb91a37f1115c35.html2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试自考英语二试卷答案/view/746aa923482fb4daa58d4b35.html全国2001年10月自考英语(二)试题/view/0f31c980d4d8d15abe234e36.html全国2001年10月自考英语(二)试题答案/view/c021b51614791711cc791736.html2000年上半年全国高教自考英语(二)/view/24d2454de518964bcf847c35.html1999年下半年全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/fa3587c69ec3d5bbfd0a7435.html自考英语二一直是自考生的一道难题，很多人都是因为英语二而不能完成学业，有的甚至放弃了自考！辛苦自考多年，最后却因为英语二而不能毕业是多么可惜的一件事啊！因为英语的特性,在短时间内很难学好英语！短时间内学好英语是不可能的！但是，现在你却有了一个可以通过英语二考试的机会----北京骄能教育自考英语二保过班！北京骄能教育拥有多位权威英语教师，一直致力于自考英语二，公共英语三级考试的研究，经过多年的努力和实践，终于总结出一套行之有效考前应试技巧，并且在考前进行押题，保证学生通过考试。
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题2
三、完形填空（本⼤题共15⼩题，每⼩题1分，共15分）选择答案完成句⼦，错选、多选或未选均⽆分。
James wrote a play for television, about an immigrant family who came to England from Pakistan, and the problems they had in England. The play was a surprising success, and it was bought by an American TV company. James was invited to go to New York to 41 the production. He lived in Dulwich, 42 is an hour’s journey 43 Heathrow. The flight was 44 leave at 8∶30 a.m., so he had to be at the airport at about 7∶30 in the morning. He ordered a mini-cab for 6∶30, 45 his alarm clock for 5∶45, and 46 sleep.47he forgot to wind the clock, and it stopped shortly after midnight. Also the driver of the mini-cab had to work very late that night and48 .James woke with that awful feeling 49 something was wrong. He looked at his alarm clock. It stopped there silently, with the hands 50 to ten past twelve. He turned on the radio and discovered that it was, in fact, ten to nine. He swore quietly and 51 the electric kettle. He was just pouring the 52 water into the teapot 53 the nine o’clock pips sounded54 the radio. The announcer began to read the news “…reports are coming in of a crash near Heathrow Airport. A Boeing 707 bound for New York crashed shortly after taking 55 this morning. Flight number 2234…” James turned pale. “My flight,” he said out aloud. “If I had not overslept, I would have been on that plane.”41. A. help B. help out C. be helpful with D. help with42. A. that B. which C. it D. as43. A. out of B. far from C. away from D. away off44. A. due to B. set to C. decided to D. ordered to45. A. put B. putting C. set D. setting46. A. going to B. go to C. to go to D. went to47.A. Fortunately B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Happily48. A. oversleeps B. overslept C. overstays D. overstayed49. A. that B. which C. it D. as50. A. pointing B. points C. pointed D. to point51. A. switched out B. switched on C. switched down D. switched off52. A. boiled B. boiling C. being boiled D. being boiling53. A. while B. as C. during D. when54. A. in B. on C. out of D. inside55. A. off B. down C. away D. out四、阅读理解（本⼤题共10⼩题，每⼩题2分，共20分）本部分有两篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有五个问题,每个问题有四个选项,选择答案完成句⼦。
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试教育管理原理试题课程代码：00449一、单项选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．受人际关系理论及行为科学理论的影响，美国一些学者研究了教育行政中的人际关系问题，其代表作是格利费斯在1956年发表的( ) A．《公立学校的行政》 B．《科学管理原理》C．《学校行政上的人的关系论》 D．《行政过程的本质》2．教育管理学在我国形成独立形态的学科始于( )A．19世纪末20世纪初 B．18世纪末19世纪初 C．19世纪末 D．20世纪中期3．为了保证教育管理的规范化、制度化，保障我国教育事业健康稳定地向前发展，在教育管理活动中应强调运用( )A．预测规划的方法 B．经济的方法 C．法治的方法 D．激励的方法4．我国的教育基本法是( )A．中华人民共和国宪法 B．中华人民共和国教育法C．中华人民共和国教师法 D．中华人民共和国义务教育法5．从我国《教育法》的内容来看，其所涉及的守法主体几乎囊括了社会所有主体，同时，有些行政制裁措施的执行，也不是教育行政部门所拥有的权限允许的，这表明教育行政执法应具有( )A．主动性特征 B．单方权威性特征 C．执法主体多元性特征 D．权力性特征6．通过行政途径，处理教育法律纠纷，对违反教育法规的法人行为采取一定的制裁措施，这属于( )A．推行教育法规实施 B．进行教育行政司法C．履行教育行政职责 D．开展教育法规检查监督7．对教材内容变革的预测，在考虑到教材的变化要满足社会进步要求的同时，还必须认识到人类知识的积累和传播具有继承性。
因此，对教材内容预测时一定要体现( )A．延续性原理 B．相关性原理 C．相似性原理 D．阶段性原理8．德尔菲预测法的设计者是( )A．梅奥和雷斯利斯伯格 B．斯克里文和斯塔费尔比姆 C．达尔奇和赫尔默 D．斯塔费尔比姆和梅奥9．教师管理工作中，重视教师管理工作成果和工作效率，并且以对学校实际贡献大小作为衡量、评价和奖惩教师的标准，这是教师管理应遵循的( )A．选贤任能原则 B．绩效原则 C．教育激励原则 D．合理结构原则10．将教育规划分为国家教育规划、地区教育规划和学校教育规划的依据是( )A．教育类型 B．规划范围 C．规划对象 D．教育项目11．在学制改革中，为加强基础教育，许多国家的共同做法是( )A．发展职业教育 B．发展高等教育 C．延长义务教育年限 D．发展终身教育12．在学校管理体制中，处于核心地位的是( )A．执行体制 B．咨询体制 C．监督体制 D．领导体制13．教育行政的核心内容是( )A．教育财务行政 B．教育人事行政 C．教育信息行政 D．教育组织行政14．在国家公务员制度中，最具有竞争与激励特点的是( )A．求才方面的制度 B．用才方面的制度 C．养才方面的制度 D．代谢方面的制度15．在教育经费的分配上，考虑我国财力和个人受益的情况，应当实行国家财政拨款向( )A．基础教育倾斜 B．高等教育倾斜 C．职业教育倾斜 D．成人教育倾斜16．教育行政部门的横向沟通，一般以商榷和协调为主，不带有命令色彩而具有相互支持的性质，所以一般采用( )A．个别沟通 B．树形沟通 C．星形沟通 D．轮形沟通17．教育督导的范围很广，结合我国当前教育事业发展的实际情况，教育督导的主要方面是( )A．高等教育 B．成人教育 C．职业教育 D．基础教育18．教育评价的行为目标模式就是( )A．CIPP模式 B．“非预期效应”模式C．评价不断为决策者提供信息 D．评价“目标到达度”19．对我国教育评价模式影响比较大的教育评价模式主要是( )A．泰勒模式和决策模式 B．对手模式和决策模式C．目标游离模式和对手模式 D．决策模式和目标游离模式20．既是管理活动的出发点，也是管理活动的归宿，同时也是衡量管理活动绩效标准的是( )A．管理目标 B．管理计划 C．管理环节 D．管理组织21．关于目标管理特点叙述正确的是( )A．目标管理是一种适用于领导者的管理方法B．目标管理是一种受他人控制的管理方法C．目标管理是一种重视过程的管理方法D．目标管理是一种系统整体的管理方法22．将教育规划分为普通教育发展规划、成人教育发展规划、师范教育发展规划、民族教育发展规划的依据是( )A．教育类型 B．教育层次 C．规划对象 D．规划范围23．德育环境的管理中，校风和传统、学校的舆论倾向等属于( )A．德育制度环境的管理 B．德育物质环境的管理 C．德育精神环境的管理 D．德育工作环境的管理24．总务后勤工作是学校的( )A．服务性工作 B．协调性工作 C．政策性工作 D．控制性工作25．教育咨询的特性有( )A．控制性、灵活性、普遍性 B．独立性、政策性、控制性C．自由性、科学性、控制性 D．独立性、自由性、科学性二、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26．学校管理27．教育预测28．学校评价29．德育目标三、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）30．简述教育管理的法治职能。
全国2008年10月自学考试高级英语试题
全国2008年10月自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。
全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外）I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (12 points, 0.5 point for each)Women have an average life 1 of seven years longer than men and tend to marry men older than themselves; so two-thirds (six million) of all older women are widows. 2 widowed they do not have the same social prerogatives as older men to 3 and marry those who are younger. 4 , they are likely to end up alone—an ironic 5 of events when one remembers that most of them were raised from childhood to consider 6 the only acceptable state. The sheriff follows the county attorney 7 the other room. Then Mrs. Hale rises, hands 8 _ together, 9 intensely at Mrs. Peters, whose eyes make a slow turn, finally 10 Mrs. Hale’s. A moment Mrs. Hale holds her, then her own eyes 11 the way to where the box is concealed. 12 Mrs. Peters throws back quilt pieces and tries to put the box in the bag she is wearing.A company that delivers value 13 customer intimacy builds 14 with customers like those between good neighbors. Customer-intimate companies don’t deliver what the market wants15 what a specific customer wants. The customer-intimate company 16 a business of knowing the people it sells to and the products and services they need. It continually 17 its products and services and does so at 18 prices.Childhood’s 19 never asks to be proved (all conclusions are absolute). I didn’t question why Mrs. Flowers had 20 me out for attention, nor did it 21 me that Momma might have asked her to give me a little talking to. All I 22 was that she had made tea cookies for me and read to me from her 23 book. It was 24 to prove thatshe liked me.26. When salesmen are doing well, there is pressure upon them to begin doing better, ______ they may start doing worse.27. In its entertainment, television ______ far too much to the lowest instincts of man, particularly the lust for violence.28. Modernity-snobs naturally tend to throw away their old ______ and buy new ones at a greater rate than those who are not modernity-snobs.29. But far worse is the nightmare of travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not exist and people are literally choking ______ in their exhaust fumes.30. She felt her blood ______ her temples and there was pressure in her chest below the hollow.31. We don’t advertise openings and we don’t solicit applications. We keep a low ______, and we do things differently.32. She had hard work to see that the two young children who had been left to her ______ went to school regularly and got their meals regularly.33. On the edge of a small cape that marked the side of the bay away from the promontory was a loose ______ of rocks.34. She hurried on the almond Sundays and ______ the match for the kettle in quite a dashing way.35. For all but the last six, I have done the work—all the tedious details that ______ between victory and defeat on election day—while men reaped the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.36. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him ______.37. Her tongue was cut and she was screaming in wild ______ shrieks.38. I believe that TV’s appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing ______.39. Indeed from the first draw any mark of pleasure was taboo: one couldn’t mock the ______ man by any sign of relief.III. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)40. A fist fight followed, with much shouting and ______, until the ragged man succeeded in driving up to the door.A. disputingB. squabbling41. Susie will examine our secondary school programs to insure that all students are prepared to be responsible, productive and technologically ______ citizens of the 21st century.A. literaryB. literate42. Meanwhile I’m just going to be hanging around ______ my thumbs, so if you’ve got anything an idle detective can do, just say the word.A. twiddlingB. twisting43. These tasks were repetitive, lengthy, and lacking in any ______ interest.A. intrinsicB. instinctive44. Louisa said she could not go on living with a man who had married her under false ______.A. pretencesB. preferences45. Deep at night, they could still hear gun-fire ______ in the distance.A. rumblingB. rambling46. Her husband did not like her new interests and her ______ added further strain to an already failing marriage.A. persistenceB. obstinacy47. Political leaders have reached a ______ agreement to hold a preparatory conference next month.A. hesitantB. tentative48. Initially this was ______ at as farfetched conjecture, but gradually it has received grudging respect and empirical support.A. scoldedB. scoffed49. Gaining ______ to the club was no easy matter.A. permissionB. admittance50. Even though thousands of people die violently each year in Sri Lanka, the death of an important figure causes national ______.A. anguishB. melancholy51. The rapid fire of questions was deliberate, she knew, designed to scare her into ______ out the truth.A. blurtingB. blunting52. Small debts could rapidly mount up and begin to exert ______ pressure on the relationship between husband and wife.A. intolerantB. intolerable53. This part of the story is perhaps the most exciting, since the company not only kept its head above water, but produced a series of plays which ______ its reputation.A. increasedB. enhanced54. He looked across the sea: a faint ______ of pale light was rising in the midnight-blue sky.A. glimmerB. glamourRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding four items IV, V, VI and VII.How America Lives(1) Americans still follow many of the old ways. In a time of rapid changes it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to. Young people still get married. Of course, many do get divorced, but they remarry at astonishing rates. They have children, but fewer than before. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They are willing to pay taxes for education, and they generously support institutions like hospitals, museums and libraries. In fact, when you compare the America of today with that of 1950, the similarities are far greater than the differences.(2) Americans seem to be growing conservative. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. It is as ifour country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on. We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion anda rejection of certain kinds of social legislation.(3) Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky young kids can survive almost anything, many in my generation suffered grievously. Without reservation, I applaud the freer patterns of today, although I believe that it’s been difficult for some families to handle the changes.(4) American women are changing the rules. Thirty years ago I could not have imagined a group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary which, they alleged, had been denied them because they had been discriminated against. Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget. At work, at play, at all levels of living women are suggesting new rules.(5) America is worried about its schools. If I had a child today, I would send her or him to a private school for the sake of safety, for the discipline that would be enforced and for the rigorous academic requirements. But I would doubt that the child would get any better education than l did in my good public school. The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate.(6) Some Americans must live on welfare. Since it seems obvious that our nation can produce all its needs with only a part of the available work force, some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs. When I think of a typical welfare recipient I think of a young neighbor woman whose husband was killed in a tragic accident, leaving her with three young children. In the bad old days she might have known destitution, but with family assistance she was able to hold her children together and produced three fine, tax-paying citizens. America is essentiallya compassionate society.(7) America cannot find housing for its young families. I consider this the most serious danger confronting family life in America, and I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop. For more than a decade, travelers like me have been aware that in countries like Sweden, Denmark, Russia and India young people have found it almost impossible to acquire homes. In Sweden the customary wait was 11 years of marriage, and we used to ask, “what went wrong?”It seemed to us that a major responsibility of any nation would be to provide homes for its young people starting their families. Well, this dreadful social sickness has now overtaken the United States, and for the same reasons. The builders in our society find it profitable to erect three-bathroom homes that sell for $220,000 with a mortgage at 19 percent but find it impossible to erect small homes for young marrieds. For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected.(8) Our prospects are still good. We have a physical setting of remarkable integrity, the world’s best agriculture, a splendid wealth of minerals, great rivers for irrigation and an unsurpassed system of roads for transportation. We also have a magnificent mixture of people from all the continents with varied traditions and strengths. But most of all, wehave a unique and balanced system of government.(9) I think of America as having the oldest form of government on earth, because since we started our present democracy in 1789, every other nation has suffered either parliamentary change or revolutionary change. It is our system that has survived and should survive, giving the maximum number of people a maximum chance for happiness. IV. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (10 points, 1 point for each)55. Which of the following is NOT a major aspect of the American life discussed by the writer?A. Family value and housing.B. Social welfare and education.C. Agriculture and transportation.D. Marriage and women’s social status.56. The author welcomes the freer patterns of today’s courtship and marriage ______.A. since nobody can survive almost anythingB. because many young kids of his time suffered bitterlyC. although all the families find it difficult to deal with the changesD. whether or not these changes have indicated a decided turn to the right57. American public schools today are ______.A. no better than those decades agoB. no worse than those in the pastC. less desirable than they used to beD. more desirable than private schools58. Builders seem not willing to put up small homes for young married couples because ______.A. there is no market demand for small housesB. America is a nation impotent to house its young peopleC. most young people would dream of having larger homesD. it is not very lucrative for builders to put up small houses59. The America of today is similar with that of 1950, a case in point is ______.A. young people have more children than their parents didB. young people do many things in the same ways as their parents didC. American people are reluctant to donate money to public servicesD. many young people are cautious about getting re-married after a divorce60. Which of the following is a serious problem that exists in American society?A. American women are changing the rules.B. America cannot provide homes for its young people.C. American public schools are as good as private schools.D. None of the jobless can enjoy more welfare than before.61. As the writer expects to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restraints on pornography, a return to religion and a rejection of certain kinds of social legislation, he is somewhat ______.A. radicalB. cynicalC. conservativeD. open-minded62. Obviously, the writer is ______ the major changes that have taken place and that are occurring in American life.A. in favor ofB. enraged byC. critical ofD. worried about63. The American system of government has survived and should survive, because ______.A. it is truly democraticB. it is the oldest on earthC. it has experienced numerous changesD. it offers its people chances of happiness64. This essay is ______.A. narrativeB. expositoryC. descriptiveD. argumentativeV. There is one underlined part in each of the following sentences, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each)65. In a time of rapid changes it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to.A. adhere toB. put up withC. take pride inD. agree upon66. It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on.A. stop itB. embrace itC. renounce itD. accelerate it67. Thirty years ago I could not have imagined a group of women employees suing a major corporation for millions of dollars of salary...A. applying toB. competing withC. making a legal claim againstD. demanding compensation from68. In the bad old days she might have known destitution, but with family assistance she was able to hold her children together...A. scarcityB. prosperityC. prostitutionD. impoverishment69. I consider this the most-serious danger confronting family life in America, and I am appalled that the condition hasbeen allowed to develop.A. satisfiedB. shockedC. remindedD. convincedVl. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on yourAnswer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each)70. They belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction.71. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned.72. Nor could I imagine women in universities going up to the men who ran the athletic programs and demanding a just share of the physical education budget.73. The problem is that good public schools are becoming pitifully rare, and I would not want to take the chance that the one I sent my children to was inadequate.74. For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting a failure that must be corrected. VII. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(10 points)75. What do you think are the merits that we could learn from Americans?VIII.Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (18 points, 2 points each for 76-80, 8 points for 81)76. 就政策而言，我们和你们一样对相同的事情感到愤怒——我们更为愤怒，因为我们的生命成了用来检验政策的东西。
自考08年10月试题及答案.
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二试题课程代码:00596请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。
全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外I. Reading Comprehension. (50 points, 2 points for eachDirections: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage OneWhether you‘re delivering a speech, approaching your boss for a raise or addressing audience on an important social occasion, do your homework. The most polished, smoothly delivered, spontaneous-sounding talks are the result of many hours of work. The memorable one-liners and moving phrases that go down in history don‘t come from last minute burst of inspiration.If you‘re making a p resen tation of any sort, begin preparing as far ahead of time as possible. ―Good writing,‖ says Harvard University historian Richard Marius, ―is a kind of wrestling with thought.‖ Begin the wrestling match early. Two days before your presentation is usually too late to go into the ring and come up with a winning idea.Prepare yourself as well as your material, giving special attention to your voice. A shrill, nasal tone strikes your listener like chalk screeching on a blackboard. By putting energy and resonance into your voice, you will have a positive effect. If your voice is timid or quivers with nervousness, you sense it, the audience hears it, and you see discomfort in their eyes. With energy and enthusiasm in your voice, the listeners say ahhh, tell me more. Y ou read approval.Like your voice, your appearance is a communication tool. For example, if you are animated, you are most likely to see animated listeners. Y ou give the audience the message: I‘m glad I‘m here; I‘m glad you‘re here.However, don‘t e ve r assume that an audience, an interviewer, your boss will be sympathetic. Always be prepared for a grilling. Think beforehand of the ten toughest questions you could get and be ready with your answers. And remember, when you‘re asked a hostile question, never show hostility to your questioner. If you do, you lose.While the hostile questioner is talking, prepare your response. Take a positive tack immediately, and make your answer short. The instant the interviewer finishes the question, begin the answer: first point, second point, third point...bingo, your conclusion.The way you listen gives messages about you too. Listen with interest, focusing your eyes on the speaker. If he or she is sitting next to you, angle your body slightly in the chair so that y o u‘re turned toward the person. Animate your face with approval. It says, I‘m with you, I‘m interested in what you‘re saying.Once you‘re prepared for a situation, you‘re 50 per cent of the way toward overcoming nervousness. The other 50 percent is the physical and mental control of nervousness: adjusting your attitude so you have confidence, and control of yourself and your audience.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The methods that one can use to let people agree with him or her in a speech.B. How to make one‘s voice and appearance pleasant when one gives speeches.C. The importance of preparation before one talks to people on formal occasions.D. How to overcome anxiety when one talks to the audience on formal occasions.2. ―One-liners‖ (Para. 1are ________.A. well-written articlesB. excellent speechesC. single witty sentencesD. unforgettable phrases3. By saying ―like chalk screeching on a blackboard‖ (Para. 3, the author ________.A. refers to the feeling an unpleasant voice arouses in the audienceB. points out that one needs to use chalk to write on the blackboardC. means that one should speak loud enough for all audience to hearD. stresses that one must put energy and resonance into his or her voice4. When asked a hostile question, one should________.A. answer quickly and brieflyB. ignore the question totallyC. defend himself or herself firmlyD. respond smartly and pleasantly5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. One should look out for tough questions from an audience beforehand.B. One should spend a lot of time preparing before talking to an audience.C. If one looks active and vigorous, the audience will respond accordingly.D. If on e makes a thorough prepara tion he won‘t be nervous at all in a speech.Passage TwoSoccer might be the most popular sport in the world, but for decades, Americans have managed to resist its charm. Their attention has been focused, of course, on the big three American sports: baseball, football and basketball. And while soccer is rapidly gaining popularity among younger Americans, the older generation remains detached from the game, even when the rest of the world is glued to TV screens watching the 2006 World Cup matches.It‘s not a s though soccer is a stranger to American shores. The U.S. national soccer team played in the first World Cup in 1930. But from the start, the game had an image for many Americans as an immigrant sport. Still soccer began to attract more attention in the United States after the 1974 World Cup.The following year, the country got its first professional soccer teams, with the launch of the North American Soccer League. The New Y ork Cosmos became the league‘s flagship franchise when i t acquired a stellar ros ter of players from 16 different countries, including the Brazilian soccer legend Pele, the high-scoring Italian great Georgio Chinagalia, andGerman superstar Franz Beckenbauer. By 1977, attendance at American soccer games had grown to a record 62,000.Peppe Pinton, a veteran soccer player and the executive director of the Cosmos soccer camps, likes to recall those golden days when American fans packed the stadiums to watch some of the world‘s best soccer players — most of them play ing on the same team. ―Americans are used to watch winners,‖ Pinton says. ―Americans are used to watch superstars, great players in all sports, and they are not settling for inferiority. TheCosmos team was not successful in the early years, but it was suc cessful when those pla yers came here.‖People lined up to get into the stadium like they would line up to get into a popular restaurant, Pinton says. ―People attracted people. And the Cosmos made this happen all over the U.S.,‖ he says. ―It drew record cro wds in Seattle, in Mi ami, in Tampa, Boston, in Chicago and then they went all over the world. They went even into China when nobody was reaching China those years.‖But for 40 years, the U.S. was unable to qualify for World Cup games because most of the players on its soccer teams were not American citizens. Finally, in 1990, with enough home-grown or naturalized players on its rosters, the U.S. was able to field a World Cup team.Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The U.S. has been playing in World Cup for 20 years.B. Soccer is not one of the top spectator sports in the U.S.C. Many players on America‘s soccer team were foreigners.D. More and more young people in the U.S. are enjoying soccer.7. Which is true about the New Y ork Cosmos?A. It was established in 1975.B. It played in the 1974 World Cup.C. It was a great success in mid- 1970s.D. It broke a sport record in the late 1970s.8. It is suggested that more and more Americans will watch soccer if________.A. their team plays in the World CupB. there are superstar players in their teamsC. there is greater promotion of the sportD. more matches are arranged in their country9. Which year is the most glorious time for soccer in the U.S.?A. 1974.B. 1977.C. 1990.D. 2006.10. ―Field‖ (Para. 6has the closest meaning to which of the following?A. To sponsor a team.B. To host a sports event.C. To provide a game venue.D. To send players to a game.Passage ThreeMany Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science andnutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated ch icken were as great as some people believe, ―the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.‖Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant‘s weight is made up of natural pesticides. He says, ―Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.‖ And many naturally producedchemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens — substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at C ornell University, ―We‘ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.‖Y et the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amount of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.11. What does the author think of the Americans‘ view of their food?A. They overlook the risks of the food they eat.B. They overestimate the hazards of their food.C. They are overoptimistic about the safety of the food they eat.D. They overstate the government‘s interference with the food industry.12. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______.A. no food is free from pollution in the environmentB. pesticides are presently widely used in agricultureC. almost all foods have additives and preservativesD. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals13. By saying ―they employ chemical warfare‖ (Para. 2, Bruce Ames means ______.A. plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB. plants make use of natural chemicals to promote their growth111C. farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD. farmers use man-made chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases14. Who is most responsible for better food and water supply?A. The government.B. The consumer.C. The processor.D. The growers.15. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A. Eating and drinking have become more hazardous.B. Measures must be taken to improve food production.C. Health food is no longer a dream in modern society.D. There is no cause for alarm about food consumption.Passage FourThe estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U.S. Department of Education estimates there are 250, 000 to 350, 000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school advocates put the number much higher –at about a million.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children.Y et, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation.Says John Marshall, an education official, ―We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers.‖ The idea is, ―Let‘s give the kids access to public school so they‘ll see it‘s not as terrible as they‘ve been told, and they‘ll want to come back.‖Perhaps, but don‘t count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers, oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education —whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child‘s interests and na tural pace — is best.―The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone,‖ says Eng e Cannon, associate director of the National Center For Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.Professor V an Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also ―strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn —both intellectually and emotionally —that the family is the most important institution in society.‖Other home schoolers contend ―not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach wha tever they teach inappropriately‖. V an Galen writes, ―These parents are highly independ ent and strive to ‗take responsibility‘ for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient.‖Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. According to the passage, home schoolers are______.A. those who hire teachers to educate their children after schoolB. those who are educated at home instead of going to schoolC. those who advocate combining public education with home schoolingD. those who teach their children at home instead of sending them to school17. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because______.A. they want to show their tolerance for different situationB. there isn‘t much they can do to cha nge the present situationC. public schools cannot offer proper education for all childrenD. home schooling provides a new variety of education for children18. Home-school advocates are of the opinion that ______.A. things in public schools are not so bad as they have often been saidB. their cooperation with public school will bring about benefits to allC. home schooling is superior and, therefore, they will not easily give inD. their tolerance of public education will attract more kids to public schools19. Most home schoolers‘ opposition to public education stems from their______.A. devotion to religionB. concern with the cost involvedC. respect for the interest of individualsD. worry about the inefficiency of public schools20. According to V an Galen, some home schoolers believe that ______.A. public schools take up a herdlike approach to teaching childrenB. teachers in public schools are not as responsible as they should beC. public schools cannot provide good enough education for their childrenD. public schools are the source of bureaucracy and inefficiency in societyPassage FiveImagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion —a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation.People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely toharm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there co uld be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society‘s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $ 10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways.As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object‘s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us — hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society.Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are ―good‖ and others are ―bad‖, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life — from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in anti-social acts.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.21. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that______.A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB. they would not know what was harmful to themC. they would not be happy with a life without loveD. they would do things that hurt each other‘s feelings22. According to the passage, peo ple‘s learning activities are possible because they______.A. believe that emotions are fundamentalB. benefit from providing help to one anotherC. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingD. know what is vital to the progress of society23. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on______.A. the ability to make moneyB. the will to work for pleasureC. the capacity to enjoy incentivesD. the wish to create more products24. Emotions are significant for man‘s survival and adaptation because ______.A. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsB. they generate more love than hate among people in societyC. they provide the means by which people view the shape of objectsD. they give people the social feeling of agreement that maintains society25. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they ______.A. help us adapt our behavior to the societyB. encourage us to perform important tasksC. help to perfect the legal and penal systemD. help society exploit its members for profitII. Vocabulary. (10 points, 1 point for eachDirections: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each worddefinition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on your Answer Sheet.Although the actual extent of computer crime is difficult to measure, most experts agree that it is one of the fastest growing areas of illegal activity. The principal reason for both the growth and the lack of accurate measurement is the difficulty in detecting a well-executed theft. Losses per incident thus tend to be higher than in other types of theft. Once the computer criminal has compromised the system, it is just as easy to steal a great sum as it is to steal a little, and to continue stealing long after the initial theft.Computer criminals are, for the most part, well-educated and highly intelligent, and have the analytical skills that make them valued employees. The fact that computer criminals do not fit criminal stereotypes helps them to obtain the positions they require to carry out crimes. Being intelligent, they have fertile imaginations, and the variety of ways in which they use equipment to their advantages is constantly being extended. In addition to direct theft of funds, the theft of data for corporate espionage or extortion is being widespread, and can obviously have a substantial effect on a company‘s finances. Another lucrative scheme, often difficult to detect, involves accumulating fractions pence from individual payroll accounts, with electronic transfer of the accumulated amount to the criminal‘s payroll.Sabotage is also an increasingly common type of computer crime. Everyone in the computer business has heard of cases of a ―ti me-bomb‖ being placed in a program. Typically, the programmer inserts an instruction that causes the computer to destroy an entire personnel data bank, for example, if the programmer‘s employment is terminated. As soon as the termination data is fed into the system, it automatically erases the entire program.26. most important; main (Para. 127. something that happens (Para. 128. to do something damaging (Para. 129. fixed images of what a particular type of person is like (Para. 230. full of interesting and unusual ideas (Para. 231. profitable; able to make a lot of money (Para. 232. the process by which something moves or is moved from one place to another (Para. 233. damage done deliberately to equipment so that they can‘t be used (Para. 334. puts something into something else (Para. 335. the act of ending something (Para. 3III. Summarization. (20 points, 2 points for eachDirections: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneMany banks are preparing ―online branches‖, which means that people will be able to take care of their banking business through their home computers. At these online branches, customers will be able to view their accounts, move money between their accounts, apply for a loan, and get current information on products such as credit.36. What can be realized ______at ―online branches‖.Paragraph TwoBy the 17th century people began to leave gold with the local goldsmiths for safe keeping. Receipts of ￡1 or ￡5 were issued which could then be converted back into gold at any time. Soon these receipts began to circulate as banknotes.37. The origin______ of banknotes.Paragraph ThreePop Art was defined by images of material goods and popular culture. Pop artists rejected the serious nature of the art world. They painted or printed everyday images of things that usually are not considered art. These images included photographs from magazines, drink advertisements and drawings from popular comic strips.38. I ntroduction____ of Pop Art.Paragraph FourIn the U.S. today, it is common to pay one fourth to one third of family‘s income on the place to live. Big houses are more expensive than smaller ones. And houses closer to the center of big cities are more expensive than the ones in the suburbs or in small towns.39. The cost_______ of housing in the U.S. today is very high.Paragraph FiveA new public health report concludes there is no safe level of environmental tobacco smoke. One of the nation‘s top public health physician says inhaling someone else‘s tobacco smoke leads to an immediate chain of biological events that can lead to disease in a non-smoker and even death.40. Expert warns __________ against environmental tobacco smoke.Paragraph SixDehydration limits a person‘s ability to work and think. Experts say a reduction of only four or five percent in body water leads to a drop of twenty to thirty percent in work ability. The loss of salt through perspiration also reduces the amount of work that muscles can do.41. Relation_______ between dehydration and person‘s ability to work and think.Paragraph SevenHard war situation finally forced Germany to make the decision that would bring the United States into the war. It decided to use its submarines to break the British blockade. The submarines would attack any ships that came near Britain. This included ships from neutral countries, like the United States.42. Germany adopted new strategy_________ in hard situation.Paragraph EightThe Tata Group is made up of 96 companies that employ more than 200,000 people. Tata operates in more than 54 countries. Its companies run hotels, provide engineering services and business advice. They also make cars and steel, among other things.43. The Tata Group is involved in various __________ industries.Paragraph NineAnxiety is normal. Y ou just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as you can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs, and then suddenly relax all of them.44. How one should handle __________ anxiety.Paragraph TenElectronic mail can eliminate hours of frustrating ―telephone tag‖ and enable people to communicate across time-zones with ease. It also substitutes for busy fax machines that print out piles of paper which are often misplaced or misdirected. With electronic mail, the message appears upon the computer screen of the individual being contacted.45. People benefit__________ from electronic mails a lot.IV. T ranslation. (20 points, 4 points for eachDirections: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and then translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.Machinery has made it possible to produce more and more food in vast areas, such as the plains of America and Russia. Crops have increased almost everywhere and people are growing more and more food. 46. New forms of preservation have also been developed so that food need not be eaten as soon as it has grown. 储藏食物的新方法也得到了发展。
自考10月英语(二)考试答案
自考10月英语(二)考试答案自考10月英语(二)考试答案【完整版】自考以自学的方式为主，那么怎么学习英语才能得高分呢，为了方便大家学习，下面我精心准备了自考10月英语(二)考试答案内容，欢迎使用学习!自考10月英语(二)考试答案第一部分:阅读判断。
(第 1~10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分)1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A9.C 10.A第二部分:阅读选择 (第 11~15 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)11.C 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.B第三部分:概括段落大意和补全句子 (第 16~25 题，每题 1 分共 10 分)16.D 17.A 18.C 19.F 20.B21.F 22.D 23.A 24.E 25.C第四部分：填句补文 (第 26~30 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)26.E 27.A 28.D 29.F 30.B第五部分：填词补文(第 31~40 题,每题 1.5 分,共 15 分)31.H 32.D 33.K 34.E 35.B36.L 37.I 38.F 39.C 40.A第六部分：完形补文(第 41~50 题,每题 1.5 分,共 15 分)41. older 42. unfortunately 43. soltion 44. cards 45.profitable 46. successful 47.satisfied 48.found 49.looking d第七部分：短文写作某英文报社正在举办题为“My GoalforNext Yea 的征文活动，请你根据以下要点，提交一篇英语短文应便1.你明年的目标是什么?2.你打算如何实现这一目标?Goal for Next Year(参考范文)As the current year comes to an end, its time to reflect on our achievements and set new goals for the upcoming year. My goal for next year is to improve my time management skills. I want to be more organized and efficient in managing my time, both in my personal and professional life.By improving my time management skills, I aim to prioritize my tasks effectively, avoid procrastination, and make the most of each day. I plan to create a daily schedule and stick to it, allocating specific time slots for different activities and setting realistic deadlines for myself.With better time management, I believe I will be able to achieve a better work-life balance, reduce stress, and increase productivity. I am excited about this goal and look forward to the positive impact it will have on my overall well-being and success in the coming year.In conclusion, my goal for next year is to improve my time management skills. I believe that by doing so, I will be able to make the most of my time, achieve my objectives, and lead a more fulfilling and balanced life.自考英语经验技巧听力：听力考试前，先到文科楼的指定候考室等待，工作人员点名后，由他们带领考生到外国语学院语音室进行考试;考试题型有：单选、正误判断、填空、听写，题目来自于教材、VOA 新闻(慢速、标准均有)，听说还有托福考试的题，我不太确定;语速有很快的，也有较慢的;我印象中，VOA慢速英语最慢，发音清晰，容易听懂;教材录音较快，但音质不好，听不太清楚;VOA标准语速的最快了，但是音质比教材好，如果集中精力仔细听，应该可以听明白;选择题和正误判断题只念一遍，填空念两遍，听写重复四遍，其中第一、四遍是整篇文章念到完，没有暂停，第二、三遍是一句话重复两次，句与句之间有暂停几秒钟，这时候要赶紧写，第四遍再核对;如果有可能，在考卷发下来后、开考之前，赶紧浏览一下题目，这样有助于听懂考试录音;听同学说今年的听写来自于教材，但是俺书没听完，不知是哪一篇，而且语速较快，没写全，很担心能不能过。
(全新整理)10月全国自考英语(二)试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月自学考试英语（二）试题课程代码：00015本试卷分为两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
第一部分为选择题，1页至7页，共7页。
应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂，不能答在试卷上。
第二部分为非选择题，8页至9页，共2页。
应考者必须在“答题纸”上答题。
PART ONE（50 POINTS）Ⅰ. V ocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1．It makes good＿to bring an umbrella; it seems to be raining today.A. sense B．reasonC. suggestionD. advice2．If you are too＿of your children, they will never learn to deal with difficulties in life.A. respectiveB. detectiveC．protective D．effective.3．His intelligence will＿him to get a scholarship to college.A. enableB. persuadeC. suggestD. employ4．The professor asked a question, and David＿a good answer.A. put up withB. stood up forC．came up with D．looked down upon5．No sooner had we reached home＿a violent storm broke out.A. whenB. thatC．until D．than6．People differ＿one another＿their ability to handle stress.A. from...to B．from...inC. for...inD. in...from7．They should try to＿their usual inhibitions and join in the fun.A. send off B．lay asideC．take to D. turn off8．During the past two decades, research has＿our knowledge of daydreaming.A. expandedB. emergedC. descendedD. conquered9．The students are required to＿the main ideas of the article in their own words.A. symbolizeB. minimizeC．synchronize D. summarize10．The outline of rooftops and chimneys＿against the pale sky.A. pulled outB. looked outC．held out D．stood outⅡ．Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有＋个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
全国自考《英语阅读（二）》历年真题汇编（含部分答案）
目 录2015年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2015年4月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2014年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2014年4月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题（含部分答案）2013年10月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题2013年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2012年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2012年1月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题及答案2011年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2011年1月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题2010年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2010年1月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题2009年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2009年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2008年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2008年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2007年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2007年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2006年10月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题2006年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2005年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2005年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题2004年10月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题2003年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案2002年10月全国自考《英语阅读(二)》真题2001年下半年全国自考英语阅读（二）真题及答案2015年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题绝密*考试结耒前全国2015年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上0全部题目用英文作答［翻译题除外，否则不计分。
选择题部分注意事项；L答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称,姓名，准考证》用黑色字迹的盆字笙或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置卜一2.每小题逸出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑°如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号'不能答在试题卷上.I.Reading Comp reh e nsion»(50points,2points for each)Direcfi&ns：In this part of the test,there are Ji^e passage Following each passage,there are five questions with fiiur choices marked A9B,C and D.Choose 祈。
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题
全国2008年10⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试基础英语试题课程代码：00088请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上⼀、词汇应⽤和语法结构（本⼤题共30⼩题，每⼩题1分，共30分）（⼀）词汇应⽤（15分）选择答案完成句⼦，错选、多选或未选均⽆分。
1. He collected plenty of ______ for his new theory.A. thoughtsB. realitiesC. factsD. truth2. The young man was walking in the cold wind in his______ clothes.A. repairedB. wornC. woundedD. broken3. Bob lost his ______ and fell down from the ladder.A. temperB. balanceC. senseD. way4. You shouldn’t ______ your opinions on others.A. makeB. strikeC. forceD. impress5. Never ______a conclusion before you really know the truth.A. bringB. drawC. getD. take6. Silk ______ soft and smooth.A. showsB. patsC. feelsD. touches7. It’s getting warmer. It’s time to ______ your fur coat.A. put acrossB. put upC. put awayD. put down8. It is a beautiful car, but it is not ______ the price that I paid for it.A. valuableB. worthC. worthyD. fit9. I have been ______ with that company for several years.A. supplyingB. treatingC. concerningD. dealing10. It is not easy for one to get ______of a bad habit.A. clearB. freeC. releaseD. rid11. The good service at the hotel ______ the poor food to some extent.A. made up forB. made upC. made forD. made out12. The lift is out of ______ so we’ll have to walk.A. functionB. runningC. workD. order13. You can ______ my surprise when I heard the news.A. believeB. imagineC. thinkD. suppose14. He broke the world ______ for the 1000 meters.A. markB. levelC. standardD. record15. I’m sorry I didn’t______ catch you. Would you please say it once again?A. fairlyB. quiteC. muchD. very（⼆）语法结构（15分）选择答案完成句⼦，错选、多选或未选均⽆分。
2008年10月全国自考英语(二)历年真
一、Vocabulary and Structure（10 points,1 point for each item）1.He was specifically asked to write a play that would be______to the local community.A.flexibleB.accessibleC.responsibleD.Capable答案：B2.It is strongly held that new______must be introduced to protect the right of the immigrants.A.statisticsB.constructionsC.measuresD.Concessions答案：C3.Country life is better than city life______it offers fresh air and noiseless environment.A.in thatB.as thatC.as forD.in which答案：A4.Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the PrimeMinister______the crisis.A.handlesB.conductsC.observesD.directs答案：A5.It took a few seconds for her eyes to______to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.apply 答案：D6.To write up his novel，John is looking for an environment free______outside distraction.A.onB.withC.fromD.in答案：C7.Johnson was ______unknown before running for the presidency.A.visiblyB.visuallyC.verticallyD.virtually答案：D8.The volunteers would rather go by train than______.A.to driveB.driveC.drivenD.to be driven答案：B9.Never before______so rapidly developing as it is today.A.has our country beenB.has been our countryC.our country has beenD.our country been has答案：A10.Police are______the disappearance of two children.A.looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on答案：C二、Cloze Test（10 points,1 point for each item）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。