10.motivation

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英语作文我的锻炼计划

英语作文我的锻炼计划My Exercise Plan.Leading a healthy and active lifestyle is essential for maintaining overall well-being. As part of my commitment to improving my health and fitness, I have devised a comprehensive exercise plan that caters to my specific needs and goals. This plan takes into account my current physical condition, my availability, and my preferences for different types of exercises.1. Warm-Up and Stretching.Every exercise session begins with a thorough warm-up and stretching routine. This helps to prepare my body for the more intense activities that lie ahead and reduces the risk of injury. I typically spend about 10 minutes performing light cardio exercises like jogging or jumping jacks, followed by a few minutes of stretching major muscle groups.2. Cardio Workouts.Cardiovascular exercises are crucial for improving heart health and burning calories. I incorporate a variety of cardio workouts into my routine, including running, cycling, and swimming. These activities are designed to raise my heart rate and keep it elevated for a sustained period, thereby improving my endurance and cardiovascular endurance.3. Strength Training.To build muscle mass and strengthen my bones, I include regular strength training sessions in my exercise plan. I focus on a combination of free weights and machine exercises, targeting all major muscle groups. This helps to ensure balanced development and reduces the risk of overuse injuries.4. Flexibility and Balance Training.To improve my flexibility and balance, I perform yoga and tai chi several times a week. These activities not only help to stretch and strengthen my muscles but also promote relaxation and mindfulness.5. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)。

(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案

试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

会计专业英语词汇

financial（adj） banking（adj）
invest(V) rent（orl）
promote(V)
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
macrotrade theory method practice principle fundamental concept tourism
(V) optimal allocate（V） distribute （V） summarize（V） analysize（V） reasoning（V） envaluate（V） conclude（V） effective（adj） efficient （adj）
（adj）
autorize （V）授权
Section 5 管理学 1 situation 2 contribution 3 flexible 4 fixable 5 adapt
情景，情况贡献有弹性的固定的调节/调整
contribute（V）
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
挑战环境/境遇环境/自然环境表现，行为，业绩优点缺点优先顺序，优先级时间表，计划表专家专家意见决定分解个体的公共的决定头脑风暴，集思广益邀请建议提议劝告图谋细节框架指导方针投票，选票预测量化定量的定性的数量边际,利润期望代理商操纵，实施检查周期测量评价估计评估评估结构任命，约会
钱(现金) 钱（总称）钱（硬币）钱（纸币）钞票总公司总部分支分支子公司跨国的海外的注册咨询标准化中心化一体化多元化重组兼并联合收购剥离

八年级上册英语书单词1~10单元

八年级上册英语书单词1~10单元Unit 1: About Me1. Believe - to have confidence in the truth or existence of something2. Challenge - a difficult task or situation that requires effort or skill to overcome3. Develop - to grow or cause to grow and become more advanced or mature4. Experiment - a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact5. Language - a system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar, or the method of human communication6. Passion - a strong and barely controllable emotion or intense enthusiasm for something7. Relax - to make or become less tense or anxious8. Skills - the ability to do something well, usually gained through training or experience9. Thoroughly - in a way that includes all parts or aspects of something10. Unique - being the only one of its kind; unlike anything elseUnit 2: School Days1. Absent - not present in a particular place, either physically or mentally2. Behavior - the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others3. Composition - a piece of writing, especially a school essay or other written assignment4. Distance - the length or space between two points, places, or objects5. Exam - a formal test of a person's knowledge or proficiency in a subject or skill6. Grade - a level of quality or rank given to someone or something based on their standard or ability7. Homework - tasks assigned to students outside of regular school hours, to be completed at home8. Motivation - the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way9. Schedule - a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, often with specified times and durations10. Study - the process of learning about a subject, typically through reading, researching, and memorizing informationUnit 3: Geography1. Border - a line separating two political or geographical areas, especially countries2. Capital - the most important city or town of a country or region, usually where the government is located3. Climate - the typical weather conditions of a region, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind patterns4. Continent - any of the main continuous landmasses of the earth, usually having widely recognized boundaries (i.e. Asia, Europe, North America)5. Environment - the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates6. Island - a piece of land surrounded by water7. Landscape - all the visible features of an area of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal8. Natural - existing in or caused by nature; not made or significantly altered by human beings9. Population - all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country10. Region - an area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristicsUnit 4: Hobbies and Interests1. Artistic - having or demonstrating skill and creativity in the arts2. Collect - to gather and accumulate (objects, items, or experiences)3. Decorate - to furnish or adorn with something attractive or beautiful4. Express - to convey or communicate (thoughts, feelings, or ideas) in a specific manner5. Hobby - an activity done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure or enjoyment6. Instrument - a tool or device used for a particular purpose or activity7. Photography - the art, process, or occupation of taking and developing photographs8. Relaxation - the state of being free from tension and anxiety; a way to rest and revitalize oneself9. Talent - a natural aptitude or skill in a specific area or field10. Workshop - a room or building in which goods are manufactured or repaired; a place for practical training or group activity。

每日十个单词

每日十个单词1.Enthusiasm - 热情，热心2.Determination - 决心，坚决3.Innovation - 创新，革新4.Optimism - 乐观，乐观主义5.Patience - 耐心，忍耐6.Responsibility - 责任，职责7.Perseverance - 毅力，不屈不挠8.Empathy - 同情，共鸣9.Integrity - 诚实，正直10.W isdom - 智慧，才智1.Motivation - 动机，动力2.Ambition - 野心，抱负3.Confidence - 信心，自信4.Flexibility - 灵活性，适应性5.Independence - 独立性，自主6.Creativity - 创造力，创新性7.Dedication - 奉献，专注8.Persistence - 持久性，坚持munication - 交流，沟通10.L eadership - 领导能力，领导力1.Challenge - 挑战，难题2.Opportunity - 机会，机遇3.Success - 成功，成就4.Failure - 失败，未能成功5.Knowledge - 知识，学识6.Wisdom - 智慧，才智7.Understanding - 理解，领悟passion - 同情，怜悯9.Respect - 尊重，敬重10.I ntegrity - 诚实，正直1.Evolution - 进化，演变2.Revolution - 革命，变革3.Harmony - 和谐，融洽4.Diversity - 多样性，多元性5.Innovation - 创新，革新6.Collaboration - 合作，协作7.Empowerment - 授权，增强能力8.Transformation - 转变，变形9.Engagement - 参与，投入10.S ustainability - 可持续性，持久性。

英语答案

Unit 1Text AExerciseV1. solutions2. ignore3. persuade4. assign5. deadline6. approach7. stuck8. essentials9. managed10. necessarily11. retained12. due, draftVI1. put in2. make the most of3. put down4. lead to5. get her hands on6. put away our picnic things7. to stick to8. time after time9. has cut down on smoking10. counts for much moreVIII1. thus cutting down on our costs2. while having his breakfast3. so that he can memorize a couple of new words everyday while cooking his meals4. thus greatly increasing his reading speed5. while studying Chinese modern history at Beijing University6. thus being able to do very well in their work7. while doing his homework8. so that you can become one, tooIX1. used to go2. got used to getting3. used to study, has got used to working4. used to say5. used to write, got used to communicatingXI1. went unnoticed2. go unpunished3. go uncorrected4. goes unnoticed, unmentioned5. go unreportedXIII. Translation1. Tom, a very curious boy, is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows.2. According to Professor Smith, happiness is the ability to make the most of what you have.3. You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on it.4. The story was so funny that Bill kept laughing all the time while reading it.5. High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more timeat their studies than their lower-scoring classmates.6. How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course?7. Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one’s abilities counts for much more.8. She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.Text BExerciseI1. opposite2. preference3. located4. feasible5. perspective6. have shifted7. concern8. attractive9. survive10. transfer12. particularly13. treasure14. DespiteII1. on the other hand2. keep up3. As for4. for good5. turned out6. come of age7. what if8. welled upUnit 2Text AExerciseIII2. bounced3. Conversation4. previous5. encouragement6. parallelIV1. entirely2. objection3. challenged4. original5. responsible6. relative7. halfway8. startled9. simply10. back and forth11. joined in12. just as13. knocked down14. came to a halt15. Even if16. fell apartV1. unconsciously2. response3. previous4. suitable5. even though6. disagree7. topic8. calling on9. switched10. and so on11. in line12. take turnsVI1. Excellence2. independence3. intelligence4. significance5. patience6. silence7. violence8. differences9. distance10. confidenceVII1. disappeared2. disorder3. dishonest4. disobey5. disagree6. disadvantages7. discomfort8. dislike9. disbelief10. dissatisfiedVIII(A)1. Whoever is most qualified2. Whoever has money3. Whoever holds it4. whoever is not with him5. whoever would take the job6. Whoever fears to face his own past(B)1. Whatever they have2. whatever decisions he makes3. Whenever the weather is bad4. wherever he goes5. Whichever direction you turn to6. however hard she triedIX1. No wonder it’s freezing cold today2. No wonder there is no picture on the screen3. No wonder many career women are not married4. No wonder they asked so many questions5. No wonder it has become a best-seller of this spring6. No wonder US students are anxious about mathXII1. Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are two different countries after all.”2. Professor Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. He often says, “I am just as happy, even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.”3. We called on him to take part in our conservation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week.4. The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike.5. Since our production of radios came to a halt, we have switched to the production of mobile phones.6. Our original plan was to see such famous sights as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace in Beijing.7. It’s no simple matter to learn a foreign language well. Even though I have learned English for a few years, I still can’t express myself effectively in the language.8. I don’t want you simply to agree or disagree with me – I need someone who can give me good advice, ideas, and so on.Text BExerciseI1. academic2. intelligence3. reflects4. Social5. predicted6. context7. advantage8. attitude9. traits10. communication11. distinguish12. represented13. influences14. matureII1. getting…across2. come out3. Because of4. in short5. as a result6. as well7. in some cases8. sent outUnit 3Text AExerciseIV1. draw2. bear3. worn out4. got tired of5. racial6. paid, attention to7. mature8. broke into9. performed10. conquer11. aspects12. As far asV1. Brought up2. broke into running3. amazed4. All his wife could do was5. resemble6. with ease7. conquered8. wear out / are worn out9. turned out10. has grown into11. tragedy12. promptlyVI1. personal2. traditional3. humorous4. logical5. courageous6. poisonous7. educational8. victoriousVII1. darkness2. carelessness3. nervousness4. preparedness5. illness6. eagerness / nervousnessVIII1. go on playing2. went on reading3. went on to explain4. went on to teach5. went on playing6. went on to tellX1. work as fast as a skilled worker2. couldn’t perform as well as his parents had expected3. he promised that he would go and see his grandparents as often as possible4. that after finishing his studies abroad he would come back as soon as possibleXII1. As far as I know, all they have to do is come and see the child they want to bring up and fill out a form.2. As he learned more and more about the world, he finally got tired of going after fame and wealth.3. The little girl’s songs brought sunshine to the old man and helped him bear the hardships of life.4. People came one after another to congratulate them on the successful building of another big bridge over the Huangpu River.5. All the people present were amazed that the 10-year-old boy was playing the violin so skillfully.6. After the car accident, Stevie reevaluated his goals in life and decided to pay more attention to the world outside.7. Mother could never have imagined that her son would become a world-famous pianist even in her wildest dreams.8. The students broke into loud cheers when they heard that their teacher had fought back from the shadow of death. Text BExerciseI1. potential2. suggestions3. realistic4. embarrassed5. impression6. negative7. presently8. reacted9. improvement10. target11. inferior12. conceptII1. built up2. dwell on3. do justice to myself4. from the start5. were based on6. set aside7. wiped out8. improve on9. do, harm10. is working onUnit 4Text AExerciseIV1. endure2. accumulated3. somewhat4. property5. informed6. wrinkled7. collapsing8. mourning9. contributed10. possessed11. recovered12. trembled13. fulfill14. drove15. stagger16. utteredV1. because of2. be blessed with3. as well as4. spoke of5. a good deal of6. at most7. stand on its feet8. be ashamed of9. as soon as10. leaning onVI1. a bearded young man2. three colored pictures3. a flowered lawn4. a gifted 〈talented〉pianist5. an old lady with a wrinkled face6. a home for the aged7. a cultured college student8. an experienced driver9. a skilled engineer10. a spirited<hitted> discussionVII1. shameless2. cheerful3. endless4. windless5. fearless6. countless7. meaningful8. colorful9. delightful10. thoughtfulIX1. Nor did he give me any explanation.2. Nor did he feel ashamed for that.3. Nor do I think it necessary to do so.4. Nor will he invite his relatives and friends.5. Nor did we know his phone number.6. Nor did she enter the home for the aged.XIII1. Sick and weak as Grandma is, she has undertaken all the housework in the family.2. The recording company had never been so pleased with any singer. For them, Stevie Wonder was a real find.3. They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have conveniences of life such as gas and electricity.4. Six years passed, then seven and eight, and nothing was heard of that French artist. It seemed certain that he had left the country for only God knows where.5. He was very ill that summer, but as soon as he felt better in the fall, he resumed his writing and finished his novel within two months.6. Driven by a strong will, Alex finally fulfilled the task he had undertaken.7. With the help of the doctor and the nurses, the patient recovered quickly and in a few weeks was able to stand on his feet once more.8. It was really sad to watch the old man’s wrinkled face, which spoke of all that he had endured in his life.Text BExercise B1. D2. D3. A4. B5. A6. B7. D8. A9. B10. AVocabulary Exercises I1. responsibilities2. purchase3. portrays4. vanished5. immense6. decent7. eventually8. motivation9. reputation10. restore11. neighborhood12. sustain13. upholds14. creditII1. paved the way for2. is attributed to3. out of habit4. kept his word5. open the door to6. think twice7. think of … as8. care about9. had been passed on10. To this dayUnit 5Text AExerciseV1. compromise2. content3. Unfortunately4. individual5. gamble6. spun7. attractive8. afterwards9. tradition10. unique11. arose12. energeticVI1. a little2. and so on3. as well4. give way to5. in the same way as6. had in mind7. most of the time8. have been on their feet9. went off10. are named after11. has no right to12. sorted outVII1. compromise with…over2. lying…in3. lie on4. content with5. call at6. called on7. named…after8. active in9. opinions about10. opinion ofVIII1. uncertain2. unknown3. unable4. unfortunate5. incorrect6. impatient7. illegal8. irregular9. irrelevant10. improperX1. What a pity you won’t be back before I leave!2. What a pity to waste the food!3. What a pity she isn’t here!4. What a pity that we can die only once for our country!5. What a pity that some of the best acting on stage today can only be seen by so few people!6. What a pity you can’t swim.XII1. That’s where2. That’s why3. that’s where4. That’s what5. That’s how6. That’s how7. that’s when8. that’s when9. that’s what10. That’s whereXIV1. They are Mary’s sons Robert and Lawrence. One is namedafter her father; the other is named after her grandfather.2. He is not content with what has already got. What a pity he never understands that happiness lies in contentment.3. She is very active in classroom activities. I am sure she will make a good teacher.4. You may have different opinions about it, but I hate the idea of urging people to drink, especially at a dinner party.5. We are prepared to give way a little to them on minor problems, but we will never compromise with them on major questions of principle.6. Robert did not usually get much exercise during the year, while his wife Mary was on her feet most of the time. That’s why it was impossible, or difficult at least, for them to choosea place they both liked for their holiday.7. David is a young writer with a high opinion of himself. He thinks that his writing style is unique and refined. But unfortunately, that is not the case.8. All I want to say is that as individuals we enjoy many different rights, but we have no right to do anything harmful to society.Text BExerciseI1. effective2. argument3. alert4. typical5. avoid6. patience7. hostile8. mention9. significant10. complain11. bothered12. historical13. tempted14. selfishII1. lose her temper2. changed for the better3. make matters worse4. fell behind5. will take offence6. launched into7. added to8. saw eye to eye9. hold their tongues10. poke fun atUnit 6Text AExerciseIV1. shocked2. admitted3. pursue4. prefer5. intelligent6. acquire7. average8. cultivate9. typical10. pursuit11. imported12. bite13. compete14. constantly15. prestigious16. extentV1. dedicated to2. stood a chance3. held up as4. least of all5. conform to6. compares…to7. done away with8. deprived of9. looked down upon10. adapt to11. instead of12. keep upVIII1. If we are to promote higher education, we must try to make university professorships the most prestigious positions in the country.2. If we are to remain a world-class power, our universities must be able to train students to become first-class scholars and engineers.3. If you are to make your child a person of knowledge, you must encourage him to spend more time studying.4. If you are to apply for this scholarship, fill out the application form and return it now.5. If we are to further develop the economy of Shanghai, we have to make full use of the Yangtze River.XII1. The problem lies in how people look at those students dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge.2. Our government has decided to put a lot more money into education than before.3. We have to train more first-class engineers to compete in the technology race with Japan.4. The intellectually curious and hard-working students should be praised and held up as examples to other students.5. Not until we do away with our anti-intellectualism do we stand a chance to remain a world-class power.6. We must adapt ourselves to the demand of our times, otherwise we’ll f all behind other industrialized nations of the world.7. The parents are proud of their son who is studying English while other children are playing football.8. Do you really expect to improve your English without spending more time studying it?Text BExerciseI1. escapes2. specific3. frequent4. similar5. profit6. trends7. creative8. customer, customer9. consumers10. diet11. manufacturer12. advertisementII1. pointed out2. goes out of fashion3. According to4. and the like5. out of date6. broke down7. comes along8. on top ofUnit 7Text AExerciseIV1. crept2. presence3. whereas4. spoiled5. previously6. roaring7. merely8. ignorant9. confident10. venture11. chased12. liberalV1. stared at2. come of3. establish itself as4. threw…at5. came up to6. are for7. move in8. viewed as9. among other things10. by chanceVI1. momentary2. lively3. attractive4. orderly5. selective6. deadly7. legendary8. protective9. constructive10. costly11. brotherly12. honorary13. progressive14. sickly15. customary16. earthly17. revolutionary18. reactionaryX1. Mr. Smith was viewed as a very liberal person who believed,among other things, that all men are equal under the law.2. It is not by chance that he won the prize; his success comes from his hard training.3. The teacher talked a lot with the white kids, trying to convince them that all men are created equal, but nothing much came of it in the beginning several weeks.4. As I was a newcomer to that school, I felt lonely and friendless for a time.5. Day after day Weiming kept talking with Mrs. Wilson, and his oral English became more and more fluent and natural.6. Whereas some of the kids were quite nasty during those first few weeks, a little white girl was extremely friendly to me.7. I later came to know that the man who looked old and wrinkled was only about 45.8. Soon after graduating from university, he established himself as a qualified and responsible teacher of English. Text BExercise B1. B2. A3. B4. C5. C6. B7. A8. DI1. personality2. dominates3. competent4. substituting5. respond6. somehow7. determined8. communicate9. current10. brief11. glance12. polish13. formal14. sensitiveII1. on their own2. for the most part3. kept his distance4. to no avail5. on occasion6. think…over7. lit up8. at ease9. all right10. now and then Unit 8Text AExerciseIV1. one2. that3. one4. ones5. that6. thoseV1. promises2. reliable3. project4. barely5. be abolished6. simultaneous7. endless8. primarily9. equivalents10. application11. incredible12. purpose13. acceptance14. stimulatingVI1. ran into2. serves as3. well ahead of schedule4. arises…from5. communicate with6. brought about7. take advantage of8. is sure toVIII1. unhappy2. unnoticed3. unprepared4. unanswered5. unforeseen / unexpected / unbelievable6. unfair7. unknown8. unclearIX1. unforgettable2. enjoyable3. questionable4. unimaginable5. unbearable6. regrettable7. changeable8. foreseeableXIII1. No scientist knows exactly where the information highway will lead us in the decade ahead.2. It is crucial that developed countries and developing countries increase mutual understanding and mutual respect through more communication.3. From the very beginning, the mass media paid particular attention to this treatise on the personal computer.4. My nephew had thought that Japanese, which is similar to Chinese in many ways, was easy to learn, but it was not the case.5. You should have known better. The way a college professor teaches is not confined only to telling his students the basic facts. He or she also stimulates discussions and debates.6. It was originally estimated that the project would take five years. But thanks to the creativity of the workers as well as the engineers, it was finished well ahead of schedule.7. The process of thinking about and writing hisautobiography took the American writer more than three years, during which he ran into many unimaginable difficulties.8. The doct ors aren’t sure what illness he is suffering from. That’s why he had decided to retire ahead of schedule.Text BExercise C1. D2. B3. A4. D5. B6. CI1. occupation2. artificial3. summarize4. solves5. sample6. identify7. extraordinary8. available9. consult10. environmental11. capability12. relationshipII1. has been turned … into2. a variety of3. was responsible for4. is capable of5. in control of6. in relation to7. gave up8. stopped dead。

2004年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

2004年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题Ⅰ。

Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A，B，C or D in the brackets.（2%×10=20%） 1.Chomsky uses the term （）to refer to the actual realization of a language user‘s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation，the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of （）。

A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by （）in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to （）set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called （）synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of （）is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man，woman，child，eat，fight，ect. originate from （）。

高中英语完形填空夹叙夹议的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)

高中英语完形填空夹叙夹议的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语完形填空夹叙夹议1．完形填空The guy sat there as car after car drove by. He held a sign that read, “Please help, looking for1 ” He was wearing a worn shirt. After2 I felt like I had spent enough money on myself and that I needed to help someone3 .So I said to my mother, “Could we 4 and get the poor man something to eat?5 he has been sitting there all day, it seemed he6 nothing.” We went down the road and stopped at the McDonald's, ordered a drink and two hamburgers, and then we7 . The man still sat there. I was a little8 so I stepped out of the car slowly. He saw me, stoodup and started to 9 I quickly walked to the man and I expected the man to just 10 the food and not to say anything, because I have 11 that helping someone should not only make him feel good but also help him improve his self-esteem(自尊). I didn't want himto be 12 .And when I 13 the man all we bought, he held my hands tightly. Thenhe said in 14 eyes, “Son, you shouldn't have had to 15 that for me. Anyway, this is such a great thing from 16 and I am so grateful. Thank you very much.”That day I didn't 17 I just helped the poor man and he also helped me. This 18 has given me a happy day and made myself a 19 person. I have collected some clothes for the homeless people and I believe my little kindness can make a 20 .1. A. advice B. time C. money D. food2. A. shopping B. reading C. playing D. sharing3. A. in danger B. in need C. in turn D. in peace4. A. come B. wait C. stop D. appear5. A. But B. Then C. As D. Though6. A. earned B. got C. sold D. noticed7. A. smiled B. left C. returned D. checked8. A. shy B. sad C. tired D. bored9. A. eat B. speak C. scream D. cry10. A. order B. praise C. accept D. offer11. A. agreed B. learned C. guessed D. expected12. A. embarrassed B. inactive C. rude D. frightened13. A. asked B. showed C. told D. handed14. A. curious B. sleepy C. watery D. sharp15. A. change B. do C. borrow D. make16. A. kindness B. strength C. power D. hope17. A. imagine B. hope C. discover D. think18. A. result B. experience C. plan D. meeting19. A. wiser B. busier C. better D. funnier20. A. difference B. deal C. choice D. decision【答案】（1）D；（2）A；（3）B；（4）C；（5）D；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）D；（10）C；（11）B；（12）A；（13）D；（14）C；（15）B；（16）A；（17）D；（18）B；（19）C；（20）A；【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者看到一名乞丐，决心帮助这名乞丐。

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Synecdoche 提喻
• • • • Sail—ship Hand—man The smiling year—spring A Solomon—a A watched kettle never boils. • He never let his heart rule his head.
Onomatopoeic motivation rumbling thunder Cars crashed into each other Glass, glitter, glide
Semantic motivation 语义理据
• The mouth of the river 河口 • The nose of the plane 机首，机头 • Head of department
反义类比
• Daylighting –白天兼职,晚上主要工作 • Low-rise—低层建筑 • Cold line—冷线
Analogy 近似类比
• Missile gap (美国与苏联在导弹发展上的差距) Generation gap, development gap Production gap, credibility gap • Watergate
The meanings of “meaning”
• Sense 涵义 • Reference 指称义 • Concept 概念
cognition Relationship inside the language
Relationship between language and world
Motivation 词的理据 • Motivation accounts for the connection between linguistic symbol and its meaning.
• • • • the mouth of a river the foot of the mountain He is fond of the bottle. The pen is mightier than the sword.
Metaphor 隐喻
Metonymy
换喻，转喻
Semantic motivation 语义理据
• Meaning and concept are both related to referents and are notions of the words but belong to different categories. • Concept—beyond language, result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on. • Meaning– belongs to language, restricted to language use.
• Referent 指称，所指—an object, a phenomenon, a person, etc that the word stands for. • Reference – the relationship between language and the world.
Concept 概念
cat
Sense and reference
涵义与指称义 Sense—denotes the relationship inside the language. “The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.” Reference—relationship between language and the world.
• A tall clock tick-tacked on the stair.
Onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据
• The sounds of some words suggest the meanings, for these words were created by imitating natural sounds.
Metaphor
• They were allowed to leapfrog the long lines of traders and get immediate appointments with Chinese representatives • US influence and prestige nosedived in Africa. • The came up with a plan for drastic pruning of the bloated institution.
Etymological motivation 词源理据
• By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.
Motivation 词的理据
1. Onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据 2. Semantic motivation 语义理据（figurative sense） 3. Morphological motivation 形态理据 4. Etymological motivation 词源理据
Motivation for words
Onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据 Semantic motivation 语义理据 metaphor metonymy synecdoche analogy Morphological motivation 形态理据 Etymological motivation 词源理据
Analogy 类比
• talkathon (马拉松式谈话或座谈节目) • telethon (马拉松式电视广播节目)
marathon
Color analogy 色彩类比
His short play is in the white list. (批准上演的节目名单) grey list—非明文查禁但仍属不合法的人或物 grey-collar workers—服务性行业的职工 Blacklist White-collar, bule-collar
The meanings of “meaning”
• Reference 指称义 • Concept 概念 • Sense 涵义
• What is the meaning of “cat”?
Sense and reference
涵义与指称义
Animal dog tiger leopard horse What’s the relationship?
Morphological motivation 形态理据
• • • • Airmail Reading-lamp Miniskirt hopeless
Morphological motivation concerns the words whose structures, that is, composing elements, suggest their meaning.
• Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.
• A lot of words whose structures are opaque, their meanings are not the combination of the separate parts. • Black market • greenhorn
Semantic motivation 语义理据
• • • • • • Cats miaow. Cocks crow. Bees buzz. Mice squeak. Goats bleat. Lions roar. Dogs bark. Ducks quack. Frogs croak. Horses neigh. Snakes hiss. Elephants trumpet.
Etymological motivation 词源理据
• Pen—writing tool
• A laconic answer: a brief answer, short answer • Lacons– a tribe of people famous for their brevity of speech.
Number analogy数字类比
The Fourth World (最贫国集团) The First Family The three R’s (reading, writing arithmetic)
Space analogy 地点空间类比
• • • • Moonscape—landscape Marrain(火星上地形)—terrain Earthrise—sunrise Spacefaring(航天飞行)--seafaring