高考英语阅读理解考点突破讲解

高考英语阅读理解考点突破讲解

一、考点分析

I. 常见考点突破

※比较结构的概念

比较结构句型复杂，形式多样，是考试中的重要考点，较常出现于考题中，是考生在英语阅读中一大难点。

※常见比较结构

1. “the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构

该结构前面部分是状语从句，后面部分是表示结构的主句，整个句子表示“后面部分随着前面部分变化而变化”。

e.g.: The older we grow, the poorer our memory will become.

2. than引导的比较结构

①more than“不只是……”。

e.g.: Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.

②no more… than… / not… any more than…“……与……一样不……”。不能简单地把该结构看成是more…than…的否定形式。它可能是一种感情上的否定，也可能是一种特殊的类比形式。

e.g.: The heart is no more than intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

③no other… than…“除……之外没有别的……，不是别的……正是……”。

e.g.: The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector himsel

f.

3. as引导的比较结构

①as…as结构，意为“和……一样，像……一样”。

e.g.: He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.

②not so much…as…结构，表示“与其……不如……”。

e.g.: The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

4. like引导的比较结构

Like / Unlike + n.的比较通常放在句首，其比较对象是句子的主语。因此看到这类型的题目首先判断的就是对应的主语是否和like后面接的名词是对等的对象。

e.g.: Unlike a typical automobile loan, a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.

※特殊的比较结构

1. 句型A is to B what C is to D.

该句型中的what为连词，用来比较两种事物之间相同或相似的关系，意为“A之于B就如同C之于D一样”。

e.g.: To the Portuguese, the dry salted cod is what pasta is to the Italians.

2. 一些词的原级本身就具有比较意义，气候常常接介词to引出比较的对象，如：senior to…, junior to…, anterior/ prior to…, superior to…, posterior to…, prefer to…, inferior to…

e.g.: The children prefer camping in the mountains to an indoor activity.

3. 表示对比的一些标志性词语，如：like, unlike, in contrast, in comparisons, compared with等，也经常被用来对两个事物、两个事实、两种观点进行对比。

e.g.: The Prime Minister’s support staff is tiny in comparison with that of a US President.

1. 从真题中透析解题思路

Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates —which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more li kely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.

But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories

because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar than ever before. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any

Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight than our expectation. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt（酵母乳） that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutri tion researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”

1. What lessons did the computer program learn?

A. Overeating will cause weight gain

B. He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day

C. He can’t didn’t eat any fat

D. His coach gave him a lecture

综合推理题。根据第二段的“A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. ”推断出B、C、D三项不符合原文内容。

2. Prof. Barbara’s experiment proved that ____.

A. two groups ate the same amount of calories

B. two groups ate the same amount of yogurt

C. the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group

D. people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group

细节理解题。从第三段的“When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the

number of calories we eat per day and gain weight than our expectation.”可以找到答案。

3. According to the author, ____ has less calories.

A. fat

B. protein and carbohydrates

C. low-fat soups

D. sugar

概括归纳题。根据第一段的“Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates have just four…”。第二段的“because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar than ever before”可以推断出正确答案是B项。

4. What can you infer from the text?

A. To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nonfat food

B. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates

C. People should avoid temptation

D. Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food

综合推理题。文章提及美国人想通过减少脂肪摄入量或是吃脱脂食品来减肥，可是稍微不注意就会达到反效果，他们也渐渐意识到这一问题。因此答案是D。【Keys】：A D B D

2. 总结：从出题者的角度思考，如何破解阅读理解中的推断题？

※英语阅读理解中的推断题在出题时，题干设计常常会有偷换概念的陷进存在，比如以偏概全或是从后向前推测。考生在解题时要仔细甄别题干和问题及选项

中的差异，注意对获取的信息进行多维分析，分清前后和大小关系，避免偷换

概念的干扰，陷入出题者所设计的“陷进”中，对比原文阅读之后，逐一排除

错误选项。

强化练习

I. 请分析下面句子中的比较结构考点。

1. People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.

2. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology.

【Keys】：

1. 句末的say Hancock可以看作插入成分，也可以看作是这种句式的主句部分（用倒装结构）。两个破折号中间的内容是插入语，是对前面内容的举例说明。…are more likely to lie… than if…是比较句，是把real time交际与if they have time to think of a response的交际进行对比。

2. in understanding…是介词短语做状语，表示“在明白……方面”。understanding后面有两个that引导的宾语从句。前一个从句中，as he does引导的是比较状语从句，修饰feel pain。后一个从句中，hitting…是动名词作主语，谓语动词是requires用单数形式。

The most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences. The traditional Chinese culture is established on the Confucian philosophy, while the western culture is based on ancient Greek __1__. Cultural differences exist in almost every aspect and therefore __2__ also on relationships and marriage.

From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship __3__ many aspects such as family, friends and relatives, while from the Western point of view, marriage is a contract signed between two people that is based on trust and love. Furthermore, Westerners’ marriages __4__ more the independence and __5__ of the couple.

That is why Westerners sometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to support our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their “face” and “relations”. Even in a relationship, we are somehow still __6__ to our family and

relatives. Our partner has to understand it and at least does not __7__ it.

It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Cultural differences may result in __8__. Young Asian ladies are fond of western men because they believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearances are more attractive. Western men may think Chinese ladies are gentler and more feminine.

My suggestion for the cross-culture relationship is always trying to put yourself in other’s shoes: accepting rather than changing; always respecting your partner but clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.

There are more and more cross-culture marriages __9__ recently. I would like to take this chance to __10__ wish them the very best in their love journeys.

【Keys】：

1~5 I-C-J-A-E 6~10 F-H-B-G-K

I. 语法填空

A dress code is a set of rules governing __1__ is and is not appropriate attire for a given setting or event. Examples of dress codes include white tie, black tie, business formal and business casual. In traditional Western dressing, for men the more formal dress codes, such as “black tie”, are highly codified（成文的）with fixed definitions, mostly unchanged for more than fifty years, __2__ the more casual classifications change very quickly. For women, changes in fashion are __3__ (rapid).

Social events such as receptions and banquets usually have requirements for specific dress codes. For example, white tie, the most formal evening dress code, typically means tailcoats for men and full-length evening dresses for women. Black tie, a more common dress code for formal evening events, is __4__ (formal) than white one. For a man, the major component for a black tie event is a dinner jacket in the Commonwealth of Nations, or tuxedo (mainly in the United States), __5__ is usually black. For a woman, black tie attire ranges from a conservative cocktail dress to a long evening gown, __6__ (determine) by current fashion, local custom, and the occasion’s time.

The use of a dress code is also common in the workplace. The idea behind the dress code is __7__ if people are required to dress in a certain manner; they will have in a more business-like fashion. Business casual is a popular dress code in

professional and white-collar workplaces in Western countries. For a man, a combination of collared shirt (such as a polo shirt), cotton trousers with a belt, and dress shoes with socks is generally acceptable. For a woman, a reasonable length skirt or full-length trousers of a non-jeans material combined __8__ a top (such as a dress shirt) is considered acceptable.

1. __________

2. __________

3. __________

4. __________

5. __________

6. __________

7. __________

8. __________

【Keys】：

1. what

2. while

3. more rapid

4. less formal

5. which

6. determined

7. that

8. with

II. 语篇阅读

(A)

Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles．When a fragrant flavor（作料）was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．

In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．

So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose．Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits．Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．

1．In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to ____.

A. encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water

B. find out rats’ preference in flavor

C. test whether rats know which drink is good for them

D. demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless

2．According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because ____．

A．adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health B．adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods

C．adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs D．adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns

3．The author implied in the passage that most of us ____．

A．eat a balanced diet

B．choose the food that is of nutrition

C．have the habits influenced by the surroundings

D．like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor．

4．As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that ____．A．both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet

B．both prefer flavored food and drink

C．both have the same eating patterns

D．both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

【Keys】：C C C A

(B)

Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV, according to results of a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) published Thursday.

The survey, of citizens of five Chinese cities, found that 79 percent of interviewees use the internet for information, and 55.1 percent to read news on the internet. About 63 percent of the interviewees use e-mail. The average times spent surfing the net and watching TV were 2.73 hours and 1.29hours, respectively.

Only 10.4 percent reported use the internet primarily to send and receive email;

65.9 percent read online news; 62.2 quite often play games on-line. More and more people have taken an interest in the entertainment opportunities online. Up to 56.5 percent of interviewees quite often download music, and 53.5 percent get entertainment messages from the internet.

Yet the survey found that television is still the dominant mass medium. Seventy-nine percent of interviewees choose to watch TV to get information, and another 75 percent take newspapers as important as TV.

Five major web sites in the Chinese language, namely Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo are still ranked top ones by web users, and those that voted for Sina as the best among them were 30.9 percent.

Authorized statistics showed that web users in China have already exceeded 100 million, second to that of the United States.

1. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV.

B. More Chinese people using the internet for information compared with reading news on the internet.

C. There are more people using e-mail compared with those searching information on the internet.

D. There are more people using e-mail compared with those reading news on the internet.

2. The survey shows that ____.

A. Only 10.4% reported use the internet to send and receive email.

B. Less than half of the people use the internet for entertainment.

C. All of the people reported like to play games on-line.

D. Most of the people reported read online news.

3. Which will you choose if you want to chat with your friends on the internet?

A. TV

B. Sina

C. telephone

D. QQ

4. The underline d word “exceeded” means ____.

A. increased to

B. increased by

C. risen

D. decreased

【Keys】：C D D A

(C)

Special trees that grow faster, fight pollution, produce better wood, and even sense chemical attacks are being planted by scientists in the US.

When 40 per cent of Hawaii's US$14 million-a-year papaya (木瓜)industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered (转基因的) trees.

Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resist the virus. Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.

Some researchers put special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood. Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.

Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper.

The Pentagon (五角大楼) even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year after they developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a chemical attack..

So far, the poplar, eucalyptus (杨树与桉树), apple and coffee trees are among those being engineered. All this can be done today because we have a better understanding of tree genomes (基因组).

However, some people fear that the genetically engineered trees will cause dangerous results. They are worried that the new trees will breed with natural species and change the balance of the forest environment.

"It could be destructive," said Jim Diamond, an environmentalist. "Trees are what is left of our natural environment and home to many endangered species."

But researchers insist that science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.

They hope to answer the critics by stopping the new trees from breeding, so their effect on the environment can be controlled.

1. What trees are NOT the ones that scientists are planting in the US?

A. Trees that worms can't hurt.

B. Trees that can protect themselves at a chemical attack.

C. Trees that can resist wind better.

D. Trees that can improve soil conditions.

2. What caused the American scientists to work on special trees?

A. They think science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.

B. Great numbers of trees have been lost due to attacks by viruses.

C. Researchers successfully introduced seeds designed to resist the virus.

D. Tree genomes are mapped out so scientists know how to improve trees.

3. Which of the following was probably the first kind of trees being engineered?

A. Papaya.

B. Pine.

C. Apple.

D. Poplar.

4. The best title of the passage is ____.

A. The improvement of environment

B. The side-effects of special trees

C. The development of special trees

D. the program of genetically engineered trees

【Keys】：C B A D