中国文化概况 Chapt 1 An Overview (I)
中国文化介绍英文版Chinese Culture introduction
The commonly used techniques and styles in Chinese painting include ink painting, meticulous painting, freehand brushwork, etc., each with its unique aesthetic value and artistic expression.
Chinese Ceramics and Chinese Knives
Chinese porcelain is most famous for porcelain from Jingdezhen, Longquan Kiln, and other places, with a history dating back to the Tang Dynasty.
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Buddhism and Zen Buddhism have a deep impact on Chinese culture, including Chinese poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, and folk customs They also spread to other countries and regions in the world
The Origin of Chinese Culture
The origin of Chinese culture can be traced back to the Yellow River basin, which is considered the slogan of Chinese civilization The Yellow River is an important river in China that has nurtured the growth of many urban civilizations
中国文化概况
中国文化概况PPTword版2011-6-6说明：由于西区网络缘故，所发PPT打不开，现将课堂内容PPT转成word版，以此减少笔记的压力。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture学生版1About This Course▪Time: 24 hours, 2 hours/week，12 weeks.▪Objectives:1)Getting a better understanding of Chinese culture;2)Getting to know the key terms in Chinese culture and their English expressions;3)Obtaining a comparative perspective in Chinese culture4)Cultivating a critical attitude towards Chinese culture▪Requirements1)Class attendances2)Active participation3)Final examinationAbout the Final ExaminationI. Give brief statements to the following topics (20%)II. Fill in the following blanks (20%)III. True or False. (20%)IV. Discuss the following two topics no less than 200 hundred words each. Both English and Chinese are acceptable(40%)注明：1、课程总评计分按学校规定，采用百分制，其中卷面占70%，平时30%。
平时成绩考评，按教务规定。
2、考虑到大一的语言能力表达有限，试卷作答允许中文，但文化现象分析必须符合上课讲授的要求。
中国文化概况_chapter_1
Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada.
National Emblem
Composed of patterns of the national flag, the Tian’anmen Rostrum [‘rɔstrəm]（城楼）, a wheel gear and ears of wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic Revolution of the Chinese people since the May 4th Movement in 1919 and the birth of New China.
National Day National Emblem ['embləm] 象征；徽章； 符号 National Anthem ['æ nθəm]赞美诗；圣歌 National Capital
National Day
Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.
The relatively enclosed geographical surroundings provided exceptional natural advantages for the ancient Chinese culture to develop independently, for a fairly long period free from the impact of foreign cultures, especially those powerful ones. These facilitated the Chinese culture to evolve into a stable and independent system with distinctive regional features.
中国文化概况廖华英中英对照版
中国文化概况廖华英中英对照版中国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家。
中国文化源远流长，包含着众多的传统价值观和习俗。
本文将以中英对照的形式介绍中国文化的概况。
一、传统价值观中国文化的传统价值观有着深远的影响力。
其中，儒家思想是中国文化的基石之一，强调仁爱、孝道、忠诚、礼仪等美德。
另外，道家思想强调天人合一、自然无为；佛教思想强调慈悲、舍己为人。
这些思想对中国人的行为和价值观产生了深远的影响。
Traditional ValuesChinese culture is deeply rooted in history and rich in traditions. It embodies numerous traditional values and customs. This article will provide an overview of Chinese culture in both Chinese and English.1. Traditional ValuesChinese culture is built upon traditional values that have a profound influence. Confucianism, one of the key pillars of Chinese culture, emphasizes virtues such as benevolence, filial piety, loyalty, and etiquette. Taoism emphasizes the harmony between man and nature and the principle of "non-action".Buddhism emphasizes compassion and self-sacrifice. These philosophies have greatly shaped the behavior and values of the Chinese people.二、艺术与文学中国文化以其丰富多样的艺术形式而闻名。
中国文化概况作文
姓名：林鸿燕班级：英语（翻译）2010-1学号：19号Group topic：Chinese character and calligraphyWhen it comes to Chinese culture, as one of Chinese, I have many to say. However, before I learn An Introduction to Chinese Culture, I can only use Chinese language to introduce our Chinese culture, but now I can use English to introduce it. From the classes and the book of Chinese culture, I have learned many words and phases about ancient Chinese culture. For example, the famous saying by Confucius “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” As we all known, ancient Chinese prose is very difficult to translate into English, even if we can do it, many expressions are not proper to convey the artistic conception of ancient Chinese prose, especially Chinese poem. Even so, we should try to translate as better as possible.China has a history of 5,000 years. It is the only continuous ancient civilization in the world, while others have changed, discontinued, withered or perished. Chinese culture is a complete system, including its own philosophy, literature, arts, medicine, technology and science as well as language and festivals. From the learning of Chinese culture, I have reviewed history I learned before: How the Chinese dynasties develop, what’s the Chinese philosophy and religion and so on ----the list is endless .As a English major, learning the Chinese culture is necessary because we always contact the culture of English-speaking countries and have more chance to communicate with foreigners. If a foreigner ask me something about Chinese culture and I cannot answer him, that’s really embarrassing. The main task of learning Chinese culture is that, I think, we can introduce it to foreigners and spread our Chinese culture all over the world. The second task is that we should contrast the English version with the original Chinese version to find the difference between them, from which we can learn some translation skills.If we say the book and classes are more about theory, then PPT is the combination which combines theory and practice. Our group’s PPT left a deep impression on me. From the collection of information, the design of PPT to the presentation, I spend much time on it. From the preparation of that PPT, I have learned much knowledge about Chinese character and calligraphy. The process of the development of Chinese character: oracle bone inscription, large seal script, small seal script, clerical script, regular script, cursive script, cursive handwriting. Before I made this PPT, I did not know how to say these kinds of character in English. In the PPT, I also introduced the six categories of Chinese characters that is pictograph, simple ideograph, compound ideographs, determinative phonetics, abstract extended meanings and loan characters respectively. The six categories of Chinese character is the methods about how Chinese character are made, so after introduction of it, we know how our Chinese characters are created. I also listed some interesting words, for example, “赢”---a typical word which use the method of compound ideographs. Everytime we mention Chinese character, we cannot leave calligraphy alone. The creation of good calligraphy works is connected with four good scholar’s treasures(Chinese brush, ink ,paper, ink stone).When I was preparing the PPT, I worried that this topic could not attract classmates for this topic had a little boring. So my partners and I paid more attention to how to make this presentation more interesting. After discussion, we decided to add some difficult words to let classmates guess. As a result, that’s really valid. As the spokeswoman, I thought I must show the presentation well. The day before presentation, I tried to introduce it to myself and calculated the time. Our PPT was a little short, so I added a video about a calligraphy performance by Lei Qingyao who has no arms. After several practice, my preparation was over. This presentation has improved my skills of information collection and selection, organization, PPT design, and presentation. Thus, I really benefit much from this subject.。
大学英语中国文化概况第二个作文
大学英语中国文化概况第二个作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chinese Culture OverviewPeople's attention has been increasingly drawn to the rich and profound Chinese culture in recent years as China's economic and political influence continues to grow on the global stage. As an international student from China, I have had the opportunity to gain an in-depth understanding of my home country's vast cultural heritage. In this essay, I will provide an overview of some of the core aspects of Chinese culture, including its philosophical foundations, artistic achievements, and social traditions.Philosophical FoundationsThe philosophical schools of thought that have shaped Chinese culture for millennia are primarily rooted in the teachings of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Confucianism, developed by the ancient philosopher Confucius, emphasizes moral cultivation, social harmony, and proper conduct within a hierarchical society. Its core values, such as filial piety, loyalty,and righteousness, have profoundly influenced Chinese culture's respect for family, education, and social order.Taoism, on the other hand, focuses on living in harmony with the natural world and embracing the concept of "wu wei," or effortless action. This philosophy encourages individuals to let go of desires and attachments, and to find balance and tranquility within the ever-changing cycles of nature. Taoism has significantly shaped Chinese approaches to health, art, and spirituality.Buddhism, which entered China from India, introduced concepts of compassion, reincarnation, and the pursuit of enlightenment. Over time, Buddhism assimilated into Chinese culture, blending with indigenous philosophies and giving rise to unique traditions, such as the Chan (Zen) school of Buddhism.These three philosophical pillars have intertwined and influenced various aspects of Chinese culture, from literature and art to social values and customs.Artistic AchievementsChinese culture has produced an array of remarkable artistic achievements, renowned for their beauty, craftsmanship, and symbolic significance. One of the most celebrated forms ofChinese art is calligraphy, the art of beautiful handwriting. Calligraphers use brushes and ink to create intricate characters that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing works of art.Another iconic Chinese art form is pottery and porcelain. Chinese ceramics, such as the famous blue-and-white porcelain, are celebrated for their delicate designs, vibrant colors, and intricate patterns. These works of art have been treasured both within China and around the world for centuries.Chinese architecture is also a stunning manifestation of the country's cultural heritage. From the Great Wall, a monumental feat of engineering and a symbol of national pride, to the magnificent imperial palaces and temples adorned with intricate carvings and vibrant colors, Chinese architecture showcases the nation's rich history and artistic traditions.Social Traditions and CustomsChinese culture is deeply rooted in a rich tapestry of social traditions and customs that have been passed down through generations. One of the most significant events in Chinese society is the Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. This annual celebration marks the beginning of the lunar calendar and is a time for family reunions, feasting, andengaging in various rituals believed to bring good luck and prosperity for the coming year.Another important aspect of Chinese culture is the emphasis on family and filial piety. Respect for elders and ancestors is a core value, and family ties are highly cherished. Traditions such as ancestor worship, naming conventions, and the importance of having children (especially sons) to carry on the family lineage are deeply ingrained in Chinese society.Chinese culture is also known for its rich culinary traditions, which vary greatly across regions and provinces. From the delicate flavors of Cantonese cuisine to the fiery spices of Sichuan dishes, Chinese cuisine is a reflection of the country's diverse geography, climate, and local customs.Furthermore, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a significant role in shaping Chinese culture's approach to health and wellness. TCM emphasizes achieving balance and harmony within the body through practices such as acupuncture, herbal remedies, and the concept of yin and yang.ConclusionIn conclusion, Chinese culture is a rich tapestry woven from philosophical foundations, artistic achievements, and socialtraditions that have evolved over thousands of years. From the profound teachings of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism to the stunning works of calligraphy, pottery, and architecture, Chinese culture has left an indelible mark on the world. Moreover, the social customs and traditions surrounding family, festivals, and cuisine continue to shape the lives of billions of people within China and across the globe. As an international student, I am deeply proud of my cultural heritage and the profound impact it has had on shaping human civilization.篇2An Overview of Chinese CultureCulture is the lifeblood of a nation, the shared values, customs, and traditions that shape the identity and worldview of its people. As a student of English at a Chinese university, I have had the privilege of immersing myself in the rich tapestry of Chinese culture, a vast and ancient heritage that has profoundly influenced the course of human civilization.At the heart of Chinese culture lies the concept of harmony, a guiding principle that permeates every aspect of life. From the emphasis on familial bonds and social cohesion to the pursuit of balance in art, architecture, and philosophy, the Chineseworldview is one that seeks to find equilibrium amidst the complexities of existence. This quest for harmony is exemplified in the teachings of Confucianism, a philosophical tradition that has shaped Chinese society for over two millennia.Confucius, the revered sage who lived in the 6th century BCE, espoused a system of ethics centered on virtues such as filial piety, loyalty, and righteousness. His teachings, compiled in the Analects, have served as a moral compass for generations of Chinese, guiding them in their interactions with family, friends, and society at large. The influence of Confucianism is evident in the profound respect accorded to elders, the emphasis on education, and the value placed on cultivating oneself through study and self-reflection.Alongside Confucianism, Taoism, another ancient Chinese philosophy, has left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape. Rooted in the concept of the Tao, or the ineffable "Way" that governs the natural order, Taoism teaches the virtues of simplicity, humility, and living in harmony with nature. The Tao Te Ching, the seminal text attributed to the legendary Lao Tzu, encourages a life of non-action (wu wei) and acceptance of the inherent cyclical patterns of the universe. This philosophicaloutlook has shaped Chinese art, poetry, and martial arts, imbuing them with a sense of fluidity and effortless grace.Chinese culture is also renowned for its rich artistic traditions, which have evolved over thousands of years. From the exquisite porcelain of the Tang Dynasty to the delicate brushwork of traditional calligraphy and painting, Chinese artisans have mastered the art of infusing their creations with a profound sense of beauty and symbolic meaning. The iconic landscapes of traditional Chinese paintings, for instance, are not mere representations of nature but rather evocative depictions of the harmonious interplay between humankind and the natural world.In the realm of literature, China has produced a wealth of enduring classics that continue to captivate readers worldwide. The Poetry Classic (Shijing), one of the earliest anthologies of Chinese poetry, dates back to the 11th century BCE and showcases the rich linguistic heritage and philosophical depth of the Chinese literary tradition. Epic novels such as "Journey to the West" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have transcended borders and cultures, captivating readers with their intricate narratives, vivid characters, and profound insights into the human condition.Chinese culture is also renowned for its culinary arts, which reflect the diverse regional traditions and agricultural bounty of this vast land. From the fiery flavors of Sichuan cuisine to the delicate dim sum of Cantonese gastronomy, Chinese cuisine is a celebration of fresh ingredients, intricate flavors, and ancient culinary wisdom. The ritualistic preparation and sharing of meals is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture, fostering a sense of community and conviviality.As I delve deeper into the study of Chinese culture, I am continually struck by its resilience and adaptability. Despite centuries of upheaval, foreign invasions, and rapid modernization, the core tenets of Chinese culture have endured, serving as a wellspring of strength and identity for the Chinese people. The ability to seamlessly integrate ancient traditions with contemporary realities is a testament to the dynamic nature of Chinese culture, which has continuously evolved while retaining its essence.Yet, amid this rich cultural heritage, there is a recognition that China, like any nation, faces challenges in preserving its cultural integrity in the face of globalization and rapidsocio-economic changes. The erosion of traditional values, the loss of linguistic diversity, and the encroachment of Westerninfluences are concerns that resonate within Chinese society. Striking a balance between modernity and tradition, between global integration and cultural preservation, is an ongoing endeavor that requires thoughtful discourse and a deep appreciation for the nation's cultural roots.As a student of English, I am acutely aware of the power of language in bridging cultural divides and fostering mutual understanding. By studying the intricacies of the English language and immersing myself in the cultural contexts that shape its usage, I am better equipped to communicate the richness and nuances of Chinese culture to a global audience. In doing so, I hope to contribute to the cross-cultural exchange that is essential for fostering greater empathy, respect, and collaboration among the diverse peoples of our world.In conclusion, Chinese culture is a vast and ancient tapestry, woven with threads of harmony, philosophy, art, literature, and culinary traditions. As a student, I am both humbled and inspired by the depth and complexity of this cultural heritage, and I am committed to preserving and promoting its essence while embracing the opportunities of a globalized world. By celebrating our shared humanity and appreciating the diversityof cultural expressions, we can build a more harmonious and interconnected global community.篇3An Overview of Chinese CultureAs a college student majoring in Chinese Studies, I have become fascinated by the vast richness and depth of Chinese culture over the past few years. From its ancient philosophies and traditions to its vibrant arts and customs, China's cultural heritage is truly a gift to humanity. In this essay, I will attempt to provide an overview of some of the key elements that make Chinese culture so unique and influential.Perhaps the core foundation of Chinese culture lies in the philosophical and spiritual teachings that emerged thousands of years ago. Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism have all had a profound impact on shaping Chinese values, social structures, and ways of living in harmony with nature.Taoism emphasizes the natural flow of life, non-interference, and achieving balance and inner peace. The philosophical work "Tao Te Ching" by Lao Tzu is considered the cornerstone text of Taoism. With its poetic insights on virtues like humility,compassion, and simplicity, Taoism continues to influence Chinese perspectives on spirituality, art, and daily life.Confucianism, on the other hand, focuses on ethical behavior, propriety, filial piety, and the importance of education. The teachings of Confucius and his followers laid the foundations for Chinese social systems, encouraging harmony through defined relationships and roles. Respecting elders, ancestors, and hierarchies became ingrained in the Chinese cultural fabric.Buddhism arrived in China around the 1st century AD via the Silk Road trade routes. With its principles of letting go of earthly attachments and achieving enlightenment, Buddhism found fertile ground in China. Over time, it blended with Taoism and folk beliefs, resulting in unique traditions like Chan (Zen) Buddhism. Buddhist temples, art, and festivals became woven into Chinese culture.Moving beyond philosophies, Chinese culture is renowned for its rich artistic traditions that span thousands of years. Chinese calligraphy, an elegant fusion of painting and writing, is revered as the highest form of visual art. The "Four Treasures of Study" - the brush, ink, paper, and inkstone - are the essential tools for this practice. Calligraphic works adorn temples, homes,and artworks, reflecting the deep Chinese appreciation for the beauty of written language.Chinese painting, whether on scrolls, fans, or walls, is another art form steeped in cultural significance. Landscape paintings capture the essence of nature and the human connection to it, often conveying Taoist and Buddhist themes. Portrait paintings and bird-and-flower artworks display remarkable technical skills and attention to detail.No discussion of Chinese culture is complete without mentioning its incredible architectural marvels. The Forbidden City in Beijing, an imperial palace complex of immense scale and intricate design, showcases the grandeur of Chinese architecture. The Great Wall, stretching thousands of miles across northern China, is an engineering marvel and a testament to human determination. Temples, pagodas, and ancient cities like Pingyao reveal the harmonious blend of aesthetics, symbolism, and functionality in Chinese construction.Chinese literature, spanning poetry, novels, and philosophical texts, is a treasure trove of cultural insights. The classic novel "Journey to the West" by Wu Cheng'en is a beloved tale that combines Buddhist teachings with folklore and adventure. Poets like Li Bai and Du Fu captured the beauty ofnature, human emotions, and the fleeting moments of life in their exquisite verses.Turning to the performing arts, Chinese opera is a mesmerizing blend of singing, acting, acrobatics, and colorful costumes. Regional opera styles like Peking Opera, Cantonese Opera, and Kunqu Opera have their own unique traditions and stories. Chinese dance, whether classical, folk, or contemporary, is another captivating art form that celebrates the country's cultural diversity.Chinese cuisine, with its vast array of regional variations and flavors, is a culinary delight that reflects the country's geography, history, and cultural influences. From the fiery Sichuan dishes to the delicate dim sum of Cantonese cuisine, Chinese food is a sensory experience that brings people together. Tea culture, with its intricate ceremonies and appreciation for high-quality tea leaves, is another integral part of Chinese culinary traditions.Festivals and celebrations play a crucial role in preserving and passing down Chinese cultural heritage. The Lunar New Year, also known as the Spring Festival, is the most significant annual celebration, marked by family gatherings, fireworks, and the exchange of red envelopes. The Mid-Autumn Festival, with its mooncakes and lantern displays, celebrates the autumn harvestand unity. Dragon Boat Festival, Qingming Festival, and many others showcase the deep-rooted traditions that bring communities together.Finally, Chinese culture is deeply intertwined with its language, which is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of the country's history and identity. The Chinese writing system, with its logographic characters, is one of the oldest continuously used writing systems in the world. Mastering the intricate strokes and radicals of Chinese characters is considered both an art form and a window into the cultural richness of China.As a student of Chinese culture, I am constantly in awe of its depth, complexity, and enduring influence on the world. From the profound philosophical teachings that shape worldviews to the artistic expressions that captivate the senses, Chinese culture is a tapestry woven with threads of wisdom, beauty, and tradition. It is a living, evolving entity that continues to inspire and enrich the lives of people across the globe.。
中国文化概况-1
法国,美国,德国和 联合国教科文组织最 近几年来接连举办 "中国文化节"和介 绍中国文化的活动.
1986年出版《中国——发现和发明的国度》, 全书以简明通俗的文字,介绍了中国的一百个 "世界第一".作者在该书序言中指出,"现 代世界"赖以建立的基本的发明创造,可能有 一半以上来自中国. 现在农业,现代航运,现代石油工业,现代气 象观测,现代音乐,还有十进制数学,纸币, 雨伞,卷线钓鱼器,手推轮车,多级火箭,枪 炮,水下鱼雷,降落伞,热气球,载人飞行, 白兰地,威士忌,象棋,印刷术,甚至蒸气机 的核心设计,都源于中国.
课程介绍
本课程旨在通过对中国传统及现当代 文化做概要介绍分析,使大家了解中国五 千年历史发展过程中所产生的文化背景, 把握中国文化发展的基本脉络,认识中华 文化的精髓,辨析中国传统文化中的精华 与糟粕,并对中国五千年优秀的文化产生 自豪感和主动弘扬传承的愿望,拓宽大家 的知识视野,提高自身综合文化素养.
文化可以产生出文明来,文明却不一定能 产出文化来.由欧美近代的科学精神,而 产生出种种新机械新工业.但欧美以外人, 采用此项新机械新工业的,并非能与欧美 人同具此项科学精神.
文明指的是这样一种社会:它摆脱了仅仅 为生存而进行斗争的境地,已经形成了一 个结构复杂,秩序优良的社会制度,这个 社会制度被赋予以等级组织为特征的技术 发达与文化复杂.因此,文明的概念不但 被用来衡量社会的复杂性,也被用来衡量 那些不够开化的人.
几个问题
什么是文化? 中国文化给大家留下什么印象? 中国文化与中国文明,汉学,国学, 国粹之间有什么关系? 中国文化内容有哪些?
文化之初
《周易贲》云:"观乎天文,以察时变; 观乎人文,以化成天下." 刘向《说苑指武》云:"凡武之兴,为 不服也;文化不改,然后加诛." 唐代的孔颖达认为,"圣人观察人文,则 诗书礼乐之谓." 顾炎武在《日知录》中道, "自身而至于 家国天下,制之为度数,发之为音容,莫 非文也."
中国文化概况(English)英语版
Agriculture as Economic Foundation
a farmer’s life is relatively fixed, settled, and relaxingly permanent---"the lack of mobility." (be free from risk and adventure; conservatism)
Farming was the major mode of production and family, the basic unit.
e.g: encouraging farming but limiting commerce, worship the land, fear for the heaven and the earth,
On Human Nature
Mencius
“人无有不善,水无有不下。”
“human nature is originally good”
Xunzi
“人之性恶，其善者伪也。”
“human nature is originally evil”
Imperial Confucianism--- Dong Zhongshu
Yuannan-Guizhou mountainous region; tropical rain forest
ocean
Influence: To provide natural advantages for Chinese culture
1) to develop independently 2) be free from the impact of foreign cultures Thus, Chinese culture is relatively stable , independent and distinctive.
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Different definitions of culture: Culture and cultivate
1) Culture refers to “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”. (The New Oxford Dictionary of English, p.447)
3) Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning “to cultivate”) is a term that has various meanings. The word “culture” is most commonly used in three basic senses: a) Excellence of taste (体验) in the fine arts and humanities (人文学科), also known as high culture； b) An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning； c) The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, /wiki/Culture)
2) Culture is “the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour.” Culture thus defined consists of language, ideas, belief, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and other related components; and the development of culture depends upon man’s capacity to learn and to transmit knowledge to succeeding generations.”
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 An Overview (I) 1.1 Defining culture 1.2 General knowledge of Chinese culture
பைடு நூலகம்
1.1 Defining culture
What is culture? Literature Arts Religion Education Festivals Sports Science and technology Economy?
He Zhonghua from Shandong University: A nation’s culture counts a lot in her status in the world. (Hu Jintao) Culture: as soft power and hard power Dimensions of culture: Outer layer: material culture (such as implements) Inner layer: spirit culture (world of soul, belief, value, subjective world): formless but of vital importance Middle layer: systems