跨文化交际课堂作业题及答案(1)
跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)
跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)一、选择题1. 以下哪项不是跨文化交际的核心要素？A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 沟通技巧D. 民族风俗答案：D翻译：Which of the following is not a core element of intercultural communication?A. Linguistic differencesB. Cultural differencesC. Communication skillsD. Folk customs2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项行为可能导致误解？A. 打招呼B. 鞠躬C. 直接拒绝D. 礼貌地表达意见翻译：In intercultural communication, which behavior may lead to misunderstandings?A. GreetingB. BowingC. Direct refusalD. Politely expressing opinions二、填空题1. 跨文化交际中的文化差异主要体现在____、____、____等方面。
答案：价值观、行为规范、语言使用翻译：The cultural differences in intercultural communication are mainly reflected in values, behavioral norms, and language use.2. 跨文化交际能力包括____、____、____等方面。
答案：知识、技能、态度翻译：Intercultural communication competence includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes.三、简答题1. 简述跨文化交际的重要性。
跨文化交际在全球化背景下具有重要意义。
以下是跨文化交际的重要性：（1）促进国际交流与合作：跨文化交际有助于不同国家和地区的人们相互了解，增进友谊，促进国际合作。
跨文化交际全部答案
跨文化交际全部答案参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary worldThis is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance,it is not uncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the pastToday‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importancethan in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life todayNew technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture iseverything and everywhere”Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behavein our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communicationThe three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in itThe family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our cultureBecause language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning toPeople can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society existA free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changedMany things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is likeAs our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalizationTechnology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global?may be more local than the …local?”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. Inthis sense, ―the ?global‘ may be more local than the ?local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the worldEffective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firmshave to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures,a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted withCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of MichaelFayThis case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towardsglobalizationGlobalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutionsexist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)
Unit1 Sportsmanship:It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas.3. It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s oppo nent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general.The pioneering spirit: Except for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom.Rags-to-riches: It is story about a poor boy who, because he was hardworking, honest, and lucky, grew up to become rich and respected.American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.1.Traditionally, individualism, independence and collaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans.3.The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationships Five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend.Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders. Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.Collectivism A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.Comprehension questions1.According to Confucianism, what are the five cardinal relationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships be?That is the well-known five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. This was explained as" There should be affection between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends."2.What is the difference between collectivism and individualism?Firstly, westerns tend to believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible- and they usually expect other people to do the same. So they don't think they have the obligation to help family members and friends during emergency situations. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures generally feel that they have a right to help other members of their groups.Secondly, westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of a larger group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personal benefit for the sake of the group. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.Thirdly, westerners tend to believe that individuals should make decisions for themselves,and that individuals should take credit and responsibility for what they have personally done. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures tend to feel more that they are representatives of their group, and to accept more responsibility for the other members of their groups too.A final difference lies in the way people in different cultures view the idea of "individualism". Westerners tend to view individualism as a good thing. In contrast, the Chinese term for "individualism", often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for "selfishness."Unit3 Nuclear family: include a husband, a wife and their childrenExtended family: adult couples are expected to form their own household with either of their biological families.2. Because they desire a close and intense bond with their partners，they expect so much from marriage that so many get divorcedImpermanence: the property of not existing for indefinitely long durations.Stable: resistant to change of position or conditionConnection vs. contract: relationship4. ①Chinese are likely to react more to the other person as a whole and will avoid forming friendships with those values and behaviors are in some way deemed undesirable. ②In China a friend is accepted completely or not at all ③Chinese friends give each other much more concrete help and assistance than Western friends do.①American have casual, friendly relationships with many people, but deeper,closer friendships with only a few. ②American friendships tend to be very compartmentalized.③American friendships is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.Unit5 Nutrition and balance: a look at the nutritional information, like the number of calories preserving, grams of fat, sodium, cholesterol, fiber and sugar content will make you more knowledgeable in selecting foods to reduce your nutritional health risk. Pragmatism:in the westerns’ eyes, food or eating is just a way to keep healthy, having little to do with artistry. Nor will they be particular about the taste of food too much. Unit6 Creativity: the ability to createSelf-reliance: is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class American. Originality：1.How do the Chinese teach their children？A: Chinese teach their children by holding their handsHow do Americans do？A: On their own and even to discover new problem for which creative solutions are wanted.Can you find the theories supporting the two different teaching method？A: Evolutionary and revolutionary2. Can you tell any other differences between the two educational systems?A: The contrast between the two cultures can also be seen in the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.Unit7 Key concepts Monochronic time Monochronic time is an approach thatfavors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.Polychronic time A polychronic time system is a system where several things can be done at once, and a more fluid approach is taken to scheduling time. Unlike Americans and most northern and western European cultures, Latin American and Arabic cultures use the polychromic of time.Linear structure In monochromic time, linear structure means people focus on one event or interaction at a time.Schedule oriented People in polychronic time cultures treat time as a less tangible medium so that they can interact with more than one person or do more than one thing at a time.People oriented Polychronic individuals are oriented toward people, human relationships, and the family, which is the core of their existence. Family takes precedence over everything else, close friends come next..Comprehension questionsWhat is monochronic culture? What is polychronic culture?Monochronic cultures typically emphasize doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished.Polychronic cultures are involved with many things at once, usually with varying levels of attention paid to each.What are the different attitudes monchronic people and polychronic people hold toward time?Monochronic people see time as being divided into fixed elements (seconds, minutes, hours, etc.)Sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled.What are the strengths and weaknesses of M-time system and P-time system?Once the time is set, it is rarely changed, and people take it seriously. M-time cultures is one who violates the rule of punctuality shall be punished seriously. Matters in a polychronic plans for the future: even important plans maybe changed right up the minute of execution.Unit 9Key concepts High-context culture High context cultures rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communication or an internalized social context or both, or convey a large part or even all of a message’s meaning.Low-context culture Low context culture, in which context is not assumed to be understood, messages are explicit, direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words.ImplicitnessThe message which someone expressed is elliptical, indirect, and allusive. Explicitness The message which someone expressed is direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words..Verbalizing Verbalizing- that is, to put things in words, whether written or oral. Comprehensive questionsWhat is High-context culture? What is Low-context culture?High context cultures rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communication or an internalized social context or both, or convey a large part or even all of a message’s meaning.Low context culture, in which context is not assumed to be understood, messages are explicit, direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words.ImplicitnessWhat does silence mean in high-context cultures? What is the function of silence in high-context cultures?It means entirely accepted.In the individual level, silence can be viewed as a state of being allowing you to experience the highest truth and bliss; on the interpersonal level, silence can be used to promote harmony, cooperation, and other collectivistic values; on the level of social movements, silence can be protest.Why does silence mean differently in different cultures?Different in the uses of silence can be best examined in high-context and low-context cultures. High-context cultures are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative. Low-context cultures are logical, linear, individualistic, and action-oriented.Key conceptsCulture shock Culture shock happens to people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. It is, first and foremost an emotional phenomenon; then comes cognitive disorientation and identity dissonance.Comprehension questionsWhat are the five stages of the cultural adjustment process? Does everyone have the same experience?The five stages of the cultural adjustment process:Honeymoon period: Initially many people are fascinated and excited by everything of the new culture.Culture shock: The individuals are immersed in news problems: housing, transportation, employment, shopping, and language.Initial adjustment: Everyone activities such as housing and shopping are no longer major problems. The visitors may not yet be fluent in the spoken language, but they can express their basic ideas and feelings.Mental isolations: Individuals away from their family and good friends for a long time may feel lonely.Acceptance and integration: A routine ( eg; work, business, or school) has been established. The newcomer has become accustomed to the habits, customs, foods, and characteristics of the people in the new culture.Individuals experience the stages of adjustment in different ways. Some people never experience a “honeymoon” period because the circumstances of their coming to a new country may have been too painful. In addition, certain stages last longer for some than for others, depending on such factors as the newcomer’s personality, age, language and cultural competence, support from family and friends, financial situation, job status, and motivations for being in the new country.（此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，文档可自行编辑修改内容，供参考，感谢您的配合和支持）。
《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题答案
第一讲跨文化交际1. 在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际?答：（1）具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。
（2)日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有：①中外领导人谈判、进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意;②和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往;③阅读外国小说、观看外国电影、电视节目。
2。
你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？答：强调个人之间的文化差异有如下利弊：（1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体,而且没有哪两个人隶属的群体是完全相同的。
即使在同一群体中，每个人的态度、价值和信念也不会完全一样.因此，每个人都应该被认为是独特的。
强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来研究不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深入开展。
（2）弊：过于强调个人之间的文化差异也有一定的弊端。
个体只是一种或多种文化的具体情况。
根据传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为,而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人之间的差异研究只有在把他们当作群体代表时才有意义。
过于强调个人文化之间的差异会使跨文化交际变得非常繁琐，实际上取消了跨文化研究的意义。
3. 我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面?答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面。
（1）跨文化交际研究的重要性排序如下：主流文化-亚文化—地区文化—小群体文化。
(2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际研究的重要课题之一.我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势高低起伏，地形复杂多变，由于空间分布差异,各地区形成了具有各自地方特斯的区域文化.（3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家,每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统，这些也构成了地区文化的一部分.这些地区文化从总体上看,特点显著,区别性强，差异性大,值得进行跨文化研究.第二讲跨文化交际学1。
跨文化交际学为什么产生在美国?答：跨文化交际学产生在美国有以下几个原因：（1）美国是一个移民国家。
除了印第安人以外，其他人都先后来自其他国家和地区。
《跨文化交际》题集
《跨文化交际》题集一、选择题（每题10分，共100分）1.跨文化交际主要研究的是：A. 不同国家之间的政治关系B. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流与互动C. 国际经济的合作与发展D. 全球气候变化的影响2.在跨文化交际中，哪种行为可能被视为不尊重他人？A. 直视对方的眼睛以示真诚B. 在交谈中频繁点头表示赞同C. 在未经允许的情况下触摸他人的头部D. 礼貌地询问对方的个人生活3.“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的区别在于：A. 沟通中直接信息的多少B. 人们使用语言的频率C. 社会习俗的复杂性D. 对时间的重视程度4.下列哪项不属于非言语交际的形式？A. 肢体语言B. 面部表情C. 语音语调D. 书面文字5.在一些文化中，沉默可能被视为：A. 同意的标志B. 思考的表示C. 不尊重的行为D. 沟通的一种方式6.“文化休克”通常发生在：A. 一个人长时间处于自己的文化中B. 一个人初次接触并适应新的文化环境时C. 一个人对某种文化有深入了解之后D. 一个人在不同文化之间频繁切换时7.下列哪项是跨文化交际中常见的挑战？A. 语言障碍B. 价值观差异C. 沟通风格的不同D. 以上都是8.在一些文化中，时间被视为一种：A. 可以随意支配的资源B. 必须严格遵守的规则C. 可以用来建立社会关系的工具D. 以上都有可能是，取决于具体的文化9.“面子”在跨文化交际中是一个重要的概念，它通常指的是：A. 一个人的社会地位B. 一个人的自尊心和荣誉感C. 一个人在外貌上的吸引力D. 一个人在经济上的实力10.下列哪项不是促进跨文化交际有效性的策略？A. 增强文化意识B. 发展跨文化沟通技巧C. 避免与不同文化背景的人交往D. 尊重并适应不同的文化习俗二、填空题（每题10分，共50分）1.在跨文化交际中，__________是指由于文化差异而导致的沟通障碍或误解。
2.__________文化强调直接、明确的沟通方式，而__________文化则更注重含蓄和间接的表达。
跨文化交际答案1
跨文化交际答案1大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一）I. Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement.1.In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民each yearand has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__.A. macrocultureB. microcultureC. globalizationD. modernization2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. Thiscase reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup.A. deviant labelB. temporalityC. wanna-be behaviorD. unexamined3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culturefrom ___B___ perspective.A. anthropological人类学B. intellectual有才智的C. socialD. psychological心理4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, wouldbe termed __B_______.A. interracial communicationB. interethnic communicationC. international communicationD. interpersonal communication5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics butsimilar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___.A. Human nature is evil but perfectibleB. Human nature is a mixture of good and evilC. Human nature is good but corruptible容易堕落的D. None of the above6.Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in U.S, has adapted himself so well to American culturethat he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___.A. separation and segregation隔离B. integration整合一体化C. assimilation吸收同化D. marginalization边缘化7.Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In hisfirst week in U.S., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock.A. honeymoon蜜月B. crisis危机C. reintegration再整合D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.A. DecodingB. ChannelC. EncodingD. Source9.___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解the message the source encodes.A. NoiseB. MessageC. SourceD. Context10.___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source hasknowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.A. ReceiverB. DecodingC. EncodingD. FeedbackII. Terms(15 points, 3 points each)Directions:There are five terms in this section. Try to explain the following terms in your own words. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.11. Intercultural communicationcommunication between people whose culture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.12. Culture (from intercultural communication perspective)Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs,values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 从跨文化交际角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信念、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观念的积淀，以及他们获得的物质的东西和所有物。
跨文化交际课后题答案
Unit 1Language and Culture in Communication1.Fill in blanksa. There are here-------- Chinese equivalents to communication in Mainland.交际（）交流（）沟通（）传播（）通信（）交通（）传理（）b. There must be ___________conditions for communication to take place.c. There are _______ kinds of communication.d. The two kinds of cross-cultural communication are _______ and ______.e. In any forms of communication, mono-cultural, unilateral and bilateral cross-cultural alike, ______ is the essence.f. You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone is a________ example of communication.g. You send an e-mail message to an American friend is an instance of communication but______.h. An Arabic traveler talks to you in Arabic that is Greek to you is an instance of_________.i. The community definition of a social situation is a sort of ______ definition, or ______ interpretation of the situation.j. In cross-cultural communication, private goals are difficult to detect and are likely to cause ______.k. A social situation may receive two definitions. They are____________________ and ______________.l. The verbal message of shrug is a non-verbal signal of_________________.m. The verbal message of thank is a non-verbal signal of________________.n. The goal of Dick’s going to the library is likely to _______________________________________.Ⅱ. Key Termsa. languageb. non-verbal communicationc. cross-cultural communicationd. situational schemae. signalf. cultureg. communicationh.. mutual monitoringi. valuej. competenceⅢ. Short Answer1. Give some best and not good instances of communication.2. How to understand a mutual monitoring?a. Types of communication.b. Cultural influencing factors of cross-cultural communication.c. b. collectivist culturec. hospitalityⅣ. Case studyUse the communication theory to analyze the following case:Xiao Huang meets Evelyn at the airport and says to her: "Long time no see!" 1）The source of information is: ______.2）The encoder is: ______.3）The code is: ______.4）The message is: "______!"5）The channel is: ______.6）The medium is: ______.7）The noise is: ______.8）The decoder is: ______.9）The retrieval of information is: ______.Keys To Unit OneⅠ.Fill in the blanks.a. 6b. 4c. 5d. unilateral cross-cultural communication, bilateral cross-cultural communicatione. meaning exchangef. bestg. Yes, but not very good.h. non-communicationi. official，officialj. misunderstandingk. one of the community and one of the participants.l. raising one’s shoulders up and down.m. holding one’s hands in a fist in frontn. borrow booksII. Key Termsa. language. a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols ("He taught foreign languages")b. While we speak with our vocal organs we converse with our whole bodies. In addition to the words we use we convey a whole variety of information to others with our bodies. This is non-verbal communication.c.It refers to the communication between the people with different cultural backgrounds.d. It refers to the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed.e. It means an element of the behavior, appearance, etc., of one organism that is received by the sense organs of a second organism and affects its behavior.f. Culture means:1.The arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.2.The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.g. communication: the exchange of information between people, e.g. by means of speaking, writing, or using a common system of signs or behaviors. There are source of information, encoder, code, channel, decoder, retrieval of information.III. Short answers.Best examples：You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone. Two blind people exchange ideas in Braille. Not so good examples; An orator delivers a speech to a large gathering. You send an email message to an American friend.when you are alone with no one else being present , you can do anything you like, because you are not in a social situation. Once another person joins you, or even comes close enough that you two can see each other, your behavior is affected by his or her presence. That is mutual monitoring.a. human communicationb. animal communicationc. human-animal communicationd. human-machine communicatione. machine-to-machine communication4. they are of history, tradition, religion, value, social organization, customs, social development and systems.5. collectivist culture places little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. They have been labeled as ‘we’ cultures because the basic unit is the in-group or collective.IV. Case study1）Xiao Huang2）Xiao Huang3）English;4）Long time no see!;5）face to face;6）air;7）the disturbance of the passing airplanes; 8）Evelyn;9）Evelyn。
超星跨文化交际课后答案
超星跨文化交际课后答案第一题：什么是跨文化交际？跨文化交际是指在不同文化和语境中进行有效的沟通和理解。
它涉及到人与人之间的交流、理解和互动，突出了不同文化之间存在的语言、价值观、信仰、习俗等方面的差异。
第二题：为什么跨文化交际重要？跨文化交际对于个人和组织来说都非常重要。
对个人而言，跨文化交际可以帮助他们开阔视野，增加对不同文化的理解和尊重，提高他们的全球意识。
对组织而言，跨文化交际可以帮助他们打入国际市场，与不同文化背景的客户和合作伙伴建立良好的关系，提高竞争力。
第三题：请列举并解释五个跨文化交际的要素。
1.语言：不同语言之间存在着差异，包括词汇、语法结构、发音等方面。
在跨文化交际中，语言是一种重要的沟通工具，要善于运用语言技巧来解决交流障碍。
2.非语言表达：除了语言外，还有许多非语言的方式来进行交流，比如姿势、表情、眼神、肢体动作等。
在跨文化交际中，要注意非语言表达的差异，避免因为非言语沟通的误解而引发冲突。
3.价值观：不同文化背景的人对于价值观的看法有所不同。
比如，对于一个文化来说，个人主义可能被强调，而对于另一个文化来说，集体主义可能更受重视。
了解不同文化的价值观差异，可以帮助我们更好地理解对方。
4.礼仪习俗：不同文化之间存在着各种不同的礼仪习俗。
比如，有些文化在见面时会握手，有些文化则会鞠躬。
了解并尊重对方的礼仪习俗，可以在交流中避免冲突和误解。
5.跨文化意识：跨文化意识是指对不同文化之间的差异和联系有充分的认识和敏锐的觉察。
它包括对自己文化的理解和认同，对其他文化的尊重和欣赏，以及在跨文化交际中灵活应对的能力。
第四题：列举并解释五个有效的跨文化交际策略。
1.学习对方的语言：学习对方的语言可以帮助我们更好地理解对方，并且可以展示我们对对方文化的尊重。
即使只是掌握一些简单的常用语，也能在交流中起到积极的作用。
2.尊重对方的差异：在跨文化交际中，我们应该尊重对方的差异，避免将自己的观念强加于对方。
跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)
1。
Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在）, they are .（D )A. new technology and information system B。
changes in the world’s populationC. a shift in the world’s economic arenaD. A, B and C2。
__C____ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world。
A。
Show business B. I.T. C。
international film industry D。
Mass media3._A_____ in the United States，because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact。
A。
Schools B。
Community C. Workplace D。
club 4。
It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____.A. the complex nature of communication B。
the issue of intentionalityC。
the issue of unintentionality D。
《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Part I. Directions: There are 30 questions in this section. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the RIGHT ONE that can best complete the question.1. According to Marxist philosophy, globalization is what people in the third world have already experienced for several centuries. It is called ________.A. modernizationB. colonizationC. industrializationD. internalization2. ________takes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integrity.A. Culture shockB. IntegrationC. Cultural identityD. Acculturation3. ________ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.A. NoiseB. MessageC. SourceD. Context4. is typically used to refer to the study of a particular idea or concept within many cultures. The goal of such investigations is to conduct a series of intercultural analyses in order to compare on culture to another on the attributes of interest.A. Interethnic communicationB. Interracial communicationC. Cross-cultural communicationD. Intercultural communication5. ________refers to belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.A. BeliefB. ReligionC. IdealD. Value6. _______ refers to attaching meaning to sense data and is synonymous with decoding.A. PerceptionB. InterpretationC. SensationD. Selection7. ______ is any policy, practice, belief or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race.A. SexismB. CollectivismC. RacismD. Individualism8. _____ style uses moderate amount of talk with low uncertainty avoidance, and is common in low-context culture.A. ElaborateB. ExactingC. SuccinctD. Contextual9. Direct plan is favored by ____cultures with deductive patterns.A. results-orientedB. relationship-orientedC. mission-orientedD. process-oriented10. _____ is the study of how people perceive and use time.A. ChronemicsB. ProxemicsC. KinesicsD. Oculesics11. _____is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan.A. BowingB. Firm handshakeC. EmbracingD. Handshake with slight pressure12. __________ stresses that it is important that others’ behavior is no longer evaluated as good or bad, as viewed through the filtering cultural lenses, but that people have different approaches to different people.A. EthnocentrismB. EthnologyC. EthnorelativityD. Ethnopsychology13. __________ refers to the specific behaviors through which individuals’ capacity to e xpress cognitive and affective experiences outwardly is shown.A. The cognitive competenceB. The motive competenceC. The behavioral competenceD. The affective competence14. _____ style focuses on the speaker and role relationships. People with such communication style stress high power distance. This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture.A. ContextualB. PersonalC. SuccinctD. Elaborate15. Which of the following statements about macro-culture is true? _____A. It emphasizes the commonality of human needs.B. It implies losing ethnic differences and forming one large society.C. It can be defined as cultures within cultures.D. It is a new culture.16. Which of the following statements about intercultural communication is not true? _____A．It is communication between people of different cultures.B．We need understanding and acceptance in intercultural communication.C．During the process of intercultural communication, one should turn one’s back on one’s own culture. D．We should develop tolerance and acceptance in intercultural communication.17. _____, although also part of the dominant culture, are groups with which the dominant culture does not agree with and with which it has communication problems.A. World culturesB. SubgroupsC. MicroculturesD. Co-cultures18. _____is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.A. DeculturationB. AcculturationC. AssimilationD. Enculturation19. refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.A. DissimilationB. AssimilationC. IntegrationD. Culture shock20. _____refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.A. ReceiverB. DecodingC. EncodingD. Feedback21. _____refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.A. Interethnic CommunicationB. Interracial CommunicationC. Intracultural communicationD. Intercultural communication22. _____ deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man’s search for Truth.A. Cultural valuesB. Power distanceC. Cultural dimensionD. Uncertainty avoidance23. The _____ dimension measures a culture’s dominant values ranging from aggressive mascul ine traits to nurturing feminine traits.A. cultural valuesB. power distanceC. masculinity-femininityD. uncertainty avoidance24. Cultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are _____.A. direct contextB. indirect contextC. low contextD. high context25. ______ is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of aspecific group.A. RacismB. PrejudiceC. SexismD. Stereotyping26. ____ refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious orsocial reasons.A. EuphemismB. TabooC. ArgotD. Dialect27. While the highest goal of communication in the Eastern Cultures is to achieve ___, the highest goal ofcommunication in the West is to achieve the practical cooperation from others.A. proprietyB. further relationshipC. practical purposeD. definite result28. _____ is the term used for communicating through various types of body movements including facialexpressions, gestures, posture and stance, and other mannerisms that may accompany or replace oral massages.A. ChromaticsB. OlfacticsC. HapticsD. Kinesics29. _____in some cultures is an art and is considered an integral part of building intercultural professional and socialrelationship.A. EmbracingB. TippingC. Gift givingD. Etiquette30. The _________ aspects of intercultural communication competence are the mental capacities of comprehension andability to understand the meanings of various verbal and nonverbal codes.A. cognitiveB. motiveC. behavioralD. affectivePart II. True or False.Directions: There are10 statements in this section. Write T for TRUE, F for FALSE1. V alues refer to rules for appropriate behaviors, which provide the expectations people have of one anther and of others.2. The similarity of the original culture to the new host culture is one of the most important factors in successfulacculturation.3. The symbols human beings use are objective.4. Four values fundamental to western ethics are autonomy, responsibility, care, justice.5. Different from the belief “subjugation to nature”, western people believe they are the masters of the nature..6. The United States can clearly be seen as collectivism.7. Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments, they can also be positive.8. In the Russian states, the “bear hug” may follow a strong, firm handshake between good male friends.9. All words can find the counterparts in another language.10. People in the United States like the body’s natural smell so they seldom wear fragrance.Part III.Terms Interpretation1. Intercultural communication2. Culture3. Communication4. Uncertainty avoidance5. High context6. Stereotype7. Taboo8. Nonverbal communication参考答案Part I. Multiple Choice1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 ACCAB16-20 ACABC 21-25 AADAA 26-30 ABCDAPart II. True or False.1-5：FTFTT 6-10：.FTTFFPart III. Terms1. Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbolsystems are distinct enough to alter the communication event2. Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of arelatively large group of people.munication is the perception of verbal (worded) and nonverbal (without words) behaviors and the assignment of meaning to them4.Uncertainty avoidance measures how much ambiguity people will endure and how much risk they like to takeOr It deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man’s search for truth 5.Cultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are high context6.Stereotype is more broadly used to refer to negative or positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership7.Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons8.Nonverbal communication refers to intentional use of nonspoken symbol to communicate a specific message。